393:'s habit of using Greek words to mixing Falernian and Chian wine (one being Italian, the other Greek); in this poem Tibullus calls for both Falernian and Chian wine (2.1.27β28), as if to say that his poetry will take inspiration from both Latin and Greek sources. In lines 2.1.67β71, Tibullus defends his preference to make the countryside a major part of his book of love-poetry by arguing that Cupid first began his activities in a rural setting.
400:"Both 1.1 and 2.1 present an idyllic picture of country life. In each poem gods associated with the country are invoked (1.1.15β20; 2.1.3β4, 17, and 55), a lamb is to be sacrificed (1.1.23; 2.1.15), Messalla and his military exploits are mentioned (1.1.53β54; 2.1.31β36), contentment with a simple way of life is stated or implied, and in the final section of each poem Tibullus turns to the topic of love (1.1.55β76; 2.1.67β82)."
826:
3.36β46 or through murder and crime in 4.21β26; Coan silk and Tyrian purple are mentioned in 3.53β58 and in 4.27β30; both poems end with
Tibullus agreeing to submit to whatever his mistress wishes. The name Nemesis itself is not mentioned until line 3.61 and line 4.59; but the name Amor is found at the end of line 4 of both poems.
553:, when he was in love with Admetus, became a cowherd and learnt how to make cheese. His sister (Diana) was embarrassed to meet him; people consulted his oracle in vain; even his mother (Latona) was saddened to see his beautiful hair in disarray. But if a god is in love, it is better to be talked about than to lack love.
1376:'Hope', repeated five times. As often, this central section contains general truths, while the passages on either side mention personal concerns, with an appeal to Love in section 2 balanced by an appeal to Nemesis in section 4. The first and last sections balance the actions of Macer against those of Phryne the
1361:
Helena
Dettmer points out a similarity between this poem and poem 2.4 in the descriptions of the mourning which is given to a "good, not greedy" girl in 2.4.45β50 and to Nemesis's sister in 2.6.29β34. There are also several thematic connections to poem 1.10, for example, the theme of military warfare
1328:
It is the procuress Phryne who is killing
Tibullus, by arranging assignations for Nemesis with other men. Often the procuress pretends that Nemesis is not at home when Tibullus can plainly hear Nemesis' voice inside; or when Tibullus has been promised a night with Nemesis, the procuress tells him she
786:
The only way open to him is to get money by murder and crime; or to steal the offerings in Venus's temple. Emeralds, wool dyed with purple, Coan silk, pearls from the Red Sea have created his problems and caused the door of his mistress to be shut. But if you bring a valuable gift, the door is opened
1321:
Tibullus addresses
Nemesis and begs her to spare him, for the sake of her sister who died young. Tibullus reveres the sister and says he will bring her gifts and flee as a suppliant to her tomb. The sister, who protects Tibullus, would not wish Nemesis to cause him to weep! He prays that the sister
1125:
Also typically
Tibullan are the smooth transitions between one topic to another. Erika Damer (2014) writes of Tibullus's style of composition: "Although the syntax and word order are straightforward, the dreamy quality of the transitions between Tibullus' verses obscures the movement from one scene
1025:
May Love wander in the world unarmed! Tibullus himself has been wounded by Love's arrows for a year now, singing songs of
Nemesis. He begs his girlfriend to spare him so that he can sing of Messalinus when in future he celebrates his triumph; and may Messalinus's father Messalla give entertainments
559:
He addresses the rival lover (...). The current age of iron is ruled by desire for booty, which causes people to go to war and even to fight on the sea. Booty-hunters care only for seizing extensive estates for sheep, importing huge columns of foreign stone into the city, and building fish-ponds in
542:
Tibullus complains to
Cornutus that his girlfriend has gone to the country. Venus and Love (Cupid) have both gone to the country with her. He says he would be prepared to go and be a slave on her farm in order to have a chance to see her. He would not complain about the hot sun or about blisters on
319:
himself is said to have been born among the herds; now he has grown more skilled and aims his bow at humans! Young men lose their wealth, old men make fools of themselves, girls walk at night to visit their lovers. Happy is he for whom Love is gentle! Tibullus calls on people to pray to the god for
282:
A sacred lamb is going to the altars, followed by worshippers wearing wreaths of olive leaves. He prays to the ancestral gods to bless the farm and the farmers, and keep the crops and livestock safe. Then the farmer will heap logs on the fire and a crowd of home-born slaves will play in front of
1307:
But the closed door of his girlfriend has made that idea impossible for him. Although he has often sworn never to go again, he finds he keeps returning to her doorstep. He addresses the god Love, and wishes he could see the god's arrows broken and his torches extinguished! He chides the god for
825:
Helena
Dettmer points out the parallel arrangement of words and ideas in this poem and poem 3. For example, Tibullus is burnt by the sun in 3.9, but by Love in 4.5; the ineffectiveness of poetry and song in winning over one's lover occurs in 3.12 and 4.13; money is obtained by fighting wars in
166:
Poems 2 and 3 are both addressed to a certain
Cornutus, who in poem 2 is celebrating his birthday and not yet married. The identity of Cornutus is not certain, but may well be the M. Caecilius Cornutus who, according to an inscription of 21 BC (CIL VI 32338), was a member with Messalla of the
580:
also abandon the wine vats. People who hide beautiful girls in the countryside deserve to be punished. Let people eat acorns and drink water, like they did in the past. In those days love was free, and there were no guards or doors to shut the lover out. (...) Let them wear skins as
37:
The six poems have various themes: Tibullus's ideal depiction of life in the countryside; a birthday poem in honour of a young friend; and his inability to shake off his love for an expensive courtesan called
Nemesis. The longest poem (2.5) is a celebration of the appointment of
151:(a procuress) called Phryne who arranges encounters with other wealthier lovers and keeps Tibullus waiting outside (2.6.43β54). So rapacious is Nemesis that at one point Tibullus even contemplates selling his ancestral estate to pay for her (2.4.53). (According to Horace (
275:
Tibullus calls on those present to bless the crops and fields in the traditional manner. He invokes Bacchus (god of wine) and Ceres (goddess of corn) and declares that no one must work on this day. No one who has had sexual relations the night before should approach the
1192:
His scheme thus differs from that of Ball (1975), who also considers the poem to be chiastic, but puts the Sibyl's prophecy at the centre. Murgatroyd's solution is based on the numerous verbal links which connect the corresponding sections before and after the centre.
1004:
But all this is now in the past. May the bayleaves crackle on the sacred flames as a good omen for the year. Whenever the bayleaves have given a good sign, the barns will be full of corn and the vats full of wine; and shepherds also will celebrate their festival to
1358:"Macer is following a camp") are taken by Murgatroyd literally: Macer, a friend of Tibullus, is about to depart to the army. Most scholars, however, think that Tibullus is talking metaphorically, and saying that Macer has decided to abandon love-poetry for epic.
662:: the first 32 lines and the last 20 (61β80) speak of the countryside, framing the central part (33β60), which speaks of non-rustic matters, namely a denunciation of the poet's wealthy rival and Tibullus's despair that Nemesis demands such expensive gifts.
1477:
Dettmer also sees a further pairing: 1 + 3 (both about country life, positive and negative) and 4 + 6 (both about unrequited love). The pairings 1 + 3, 2 + 5, 4 + 6 make 174, 144, and 114 lines respectively, each total 30 lines less than the previous
680:
In the second section Tibullus recounts Apollo's sufferings in the countryside, and addresses the god Phoebus Apollo; in the corresponding section in the second half of the poem Tibullus curses the countryside and addresses the god Bacchus. The words
1314:
Tibullus would already have ended his life were it not for the hope that things might improve tomorrow. Hope encourages farmers to sow, causes birds and fish to be captured, and consoles chained slaves. Hope promises Nemesis to him, but she keeps
1300:
Macer is off to war. What about the god of Love? Should the god follow along as an armour-bearer? Tibullus calls on the god to recall Macer to his own camp. Or if being a soldier means being spared by Love, Tibullus would like to be a soldier
289:
Tibullus declares that the omens of the sacrifice are good. He calls for fine wine: it is no shame to get drunk on such a day. Every one should drink to Messalla and celebrate his triumph over the Aquitanians. He calls on Messalla to be
129:
By the time Tibullus wrote these poems, Delia (Tibullus's girlfriend in book 1) had disappeared, and another woman called Nemesis had taken her place. Tibullus says he has been in love with her for a year (2.5.119). She is named after
1322:
may come and haunt Nemesis in her dreams, looking as she did when she fell to her death from a high window. But he does not wish to make Nemesis unhappy. He says it is the procuress who is causing him grief: Nemesis herself is good.
995:
This was the Sibyl's prophecy, inspired by Phoebus. Four other sibyls prophesied a comet and other signs of a terrible war: the noise of weapons and trumpets in the sky, the dimming of the sun, statues of the gods weeping, and oxen
101:
The poems are of differing lengths: 90, 22, 84, 60, 122, and 54 lines respectively. (Some lines are missing from poem 3; 80 lines of it survive.) If the length of each poem is added to its opposite, the following pattern emerges:
702:
There are two central sections, one dealing with the wealth desired by men (estates, palaces, fish farms) and the other with the wealth desired by women (Coan silk, black slaves, purple fabrics). Each of these sections has an
205:
1.2.81 (dated about 35 BC), to whom Horace gives the advice that it is better to have sex with a freedwoman than a rich aristocratic woman. It is not known if this is the same person. For Maltby, however, who argues that the
1082:
was only officially published after Virgil's death in 19 BC (which was also the year of Tibullus's death), yet Tibullus must have got knowledge of its contents earlier, possibly from Virgil's own recitations, which
2130:(Vol. 3). Brill; p. 5: "In 2.6, Tibullus speaks of Macer's defection from the camp of Amor to the camp of soldiery (2.6.1β10), and the lines almost certainly refer to artistic choices rather than career decisions."
366:
Spyridon Tzounakas (2013) argues that this poem is more than a simple description of country life but sets forth Tibullus's poetic ideals as well. There are multiple allusions to Hellenistic epigram, Vergil's
481:
He tells Cornutus that the god is nodding favourably, and that he should now make a wish. Tibullus predicts that Cornutus has prayed for a faithful love, and that he will prefer this to any amount of land or
1017:
After the sacrifice, the young people will lie in the shade of trees or awnings and make a feast lying on the turf. Then a drunk young man will quarrel with his girlfriend and say things he will regret.
517:'he comes, may it come'. The central section of the poem (lines 11β16) is Tibullus's prediction that Cornutus will pray for a faithful wife who is to be preferred to vast estates and rubies and pearls.
834:
Again the poem is chiastic. Murgatroyd proposes a simple ABCDC'B'A' structure, noting various verbal echoes tying the corresponding sections together: for example, in section A, in lines 1β5 the words
488:
Tibullus prays that the god of Love will bind Cornutus in the golden chains of marriage, and that these will last till he and his wife are old; and may a crowd of small children play around their feet.
650:
The fact that this poem is addressed to Cornutus perhaps indicates that Tibullus is warning his friend of the ruinous expense of keeping a courtesan, and reinforcing his advice in 2.2 to get married.
899:) to be present while a new priest is installed in Apollo's temple. He asks the god to come in his finest clothes and with his long hair well combed. Apollo has the power of prophecy, and guides
59:
has led some scholars to suppose that it was left unfinished on Tibullus's death, yet the careful arrangement and length of the poems appear to indicate that it is complete in its present form.
116:
For this reason, although some scholars have conjectured that the book was left unfinished, or that part of poem 6 was lost, it is argued by Helena Dettmer that the book is complete as it is.
1152:'hidden things' just after the Sibyl has been described as prophesying; the second (which appears to be a message to Nemesis herself) begins just after Tibullus has referred to himself as
873:
The centre of the poem according to this scheme is lines 39β44, in which Tibullus warns Nemesis that she will be punished bitterly in future if she only gives love in return for presents.
566:
Tibullus himself would be content to eat off pottery dishes. But alas, girls like costly things. Let his Nemesis make her way through the city adorned with Tibullus's gifts: clothes of
296:
He sings of the gods of the countryside, who taught people how to build houses, plough, construct wagons, plant fruit, water their gardens, make wine, harvest corn, and collect honey.
520:
Helena Dettmer argues that this poem has several points of contact with poem 5, despite being much shorter, and appears to be an example of parallel writing (see below for details).
1060:. The year of this appointment is not known for certain but was argued by Syme to be 21 BC. Messalinus is also addressed in a poem written by Ovid in exile after Messalla's death (
243:
According to a suggestion made by Leah Kronenberg, Macer ('the thin one') might be a pen-name for the poet Valgius Rufus, a friend of Messalla and a member of his circle. In the
1370:
As with all Tibullus's poems, the poem is chiastic. The central section of the poem in Murgatroyd's analysis is 19β28, a hymn to the goddess Hope, with an anaphora of the word
198:, as well as the similarity of the situation described in 3.11 and 3.12, in which it appears that "Cerinthus" is about to marry Sulpicia, make this plausible but not certain.
381:
and even reference to stock themes of comedy in lines 2.1.73-74, as if Tibullus is seeking to place his poetry in the poetic tradition. There are also references to Horace's
66:
pattern (also known as ring composition), as Murgatroyd demonstrates in his commentary. Some of the poems also have smaller inner rings contained within the overall pattern.
396:
In terms of subject matter and verbal echoes, this poem also has a lot in common with the first poem of book 1, which is also about a rural festival. Helena Dettmer writes:
352:("seer"). The festival is sometimes said to be the Ambarvalia. However, there appears to be insufficient evidence to link Tibullus's description to any particular festival.
137:
Like Delia, Nemesis appears to have been a high-class courtesan. Before she will sleep with anyone, she requires gifts (2.4.33). These include, for example, clothes made of
1099:
The beginning of poem 5 has much in common with poem 2 and is another example of Tibullus's practice of parallel composition. Both poems in the first couplet have the word
1064:
1.7). Messalinus was eventually to receive triumphal honours, but not until AD 12, after his father's death. At the time this poem was written, he was only about 16 or 17.
665:
In both the first ten lines and the last four Tibullus speaks of his willingness to work as a slave in the fields, provided that he can get a glimpse of Nemesis. The words
253:'he is following the camp' means that Macer was really departing on a military campaign or whether it refers metaphorically to a change to writing epic poetry is unknown.
793:
Tibullus warns his mistress that in view of her greed for expensive gifts her house might burn down, and no one will help her; or she may die, and no one will mourn her.
1329:
is ill or makes some other excuse. Then Tibullus is tormented by the thought of what the rival is doing inside. He curses the procuress and wishes her a miserable life.
363:". Among other people in his circle were the young Ovid. Messalla himself wrote memoires, philosophical and grammatical works, and, it seems, bucolic poetry in Greek.
647:
as grieving for his girlfriend Lycoris, who has gone off with a rich soldier. With this imitation Tibullus puts himself in the same situation as Gallus in that poem.
1111:) comes to the altar, while in 2.5 Apollo is invited to come. Both Cornutus's Genius and Apollo are to wear garlands (2.2.5β6, 2.7.5β6). In 2.2.11 Tibullus acts as
774:
Tibullus laments his status as a slave of love. He is burning so much with love that he wishes he was a rock on the cold mountains or a cliff battered by the waves.
234:
2.10.13 as writing a poem in Homeric style. However, the Macer mentioned here is not thought to be the same poet as Aemilius Macer of Verona (mentioned in Ovid's
415:
and others are echoed by the same or similar words in the last section (lines 81β90), and there are similar verbal echoes linking lines 17β36 with lines 67β80.
587:
But if he has no opportunity to see her, what is the point of wearing an elegant toga? He decides to go to the country and submit to the rule of his mistress.
214:
were not written in the time of Tibullus but much later, the persona of "Cerinthus" is a literary construct invented on the basis of Tibullus 2.2 and Horace.
222:
Poem 6 begins by mentioning a certain Macer who is going 'to the camp'. It is generally thought that probably this is the same Macer that Ovid writes to in
1078:, especially in the sibyl's prophecy (2.5.39β64) but also elsewhere in the poem. (A full list of these is given in Ball.) It would seem that, although the
1349:(a complaint made by a lover outside a mistress's locked door), which was common in ancient love-poetry. Another example in Tibullus is poem 1.2.
158:
Nemesis had a sister, of whom Tibullus had been very fond, but it seems that the sister had died after falling out of a high window (2.6.39).
1564:, a very bright comet seen in July 44 BC, which was said at the time to be the soul of Julius Caesar, who was murdered that year: Suetonius,
1117:'diviner'; in 2.5.11 this role is taken by Apollo. The prayer for children in 2.2.22 is matched by the prediction of children in 2.5.91β92.
1041:
912:
39:
1659:
2169:
1885:
182:
preserved in book 3 of the Tibullan collection: the phonetic similarity of the names, the false etymology linking "Cerinthus" to Greek
1188:
A' 105β122 β Prayer to Phoebus to help him in his amatory troubles with Nemesis, so that he can one day celebrate Messalinus's triumph
1146:'may you love!' in the first letters of the last four pentameters of the poem (2.5.116β122). The first acrostic begins with the word
2164:
1045:
356:
247:
180, it is said that 'no one is nearer to Homer than Valgius' in language similar to that used by Ovid of Macer. Whether the phrase
43:
719:
in the second. Similar anaphoric patterns are also found in the central sections of other Tibullan elegies, such as the repeated
2125:
1051:
409:
The poem as a whole is chiastically patterned, as Murgatroyd shows. For example, in the first section (lines 1β16) the words
174:
Several scholars have suggested that he is the same as the person mentioned under the pseudonym "Cerinthus" in the poems of
428:
in the first half are echoed by the same or similar words in reverse order in the second half, making a pleasing balance.
811:
Whatever magical potion she prepares for him to enslave him, if only Nemesis will look on him kindly, he will drink it.
46:, to an important religious post. It contains a prophecy of the future greatness of Rome, with many echoes of Virgil's
1091:
either in this poem or elsewhere, which has been taken by some as indicating that he was not a supporter of Augustus.
240:
4.10.43β44) or the same as Pompeius Macer, another poet who is said to have written tragedies and epigrams in Greek.
1199:
Phoebe (2x), fave, vocales, meas, triumphali, devinctus ... lauro, sacra/sacras, victori, canit/canat, Messalinum
947:
often carrying girls, who, after pleasing their young men, would return to the city with some cheese or a lamb. β
1274:
Ball points out that Tibullus 1.7, written in honour of Messalinus's father, has a similar ring structure (see
1172:
In Murgatroyd's (1994) analysis the poem, like others in this book, has a chiastic ring structure, as follows:
959:. She predicted that one day Aeneas would be worshipped as a god; that the Trojans would have victory over the
1026:
to the crowd and applaud as his son's chariot passes by. Tibullus prays that Phoebus may allow this to happen.
1087:
informs us he often gave. Unlike Virgil, Horace, Propertius, and Ovid, Tibullus nowhere mentions or praises
740:
occurring at beginning and end, the blushing sister (18) matching the grieving mother (23), the anaphora of
511:
The poem as a whole is a ring composition, beginning and ending with the birthday god Natalis and the words
475:" (guardian god) is invited to be present to receive the offerings of perfumed oil, honeyed cake, and wine.
2174:
1385:
Overall the poem has fewer chiastic verbal echoes than poems 1 to 5, although there are some, for example
805:
As things are, however, he is forced to submit to her rule, and even sell his ancestral estate if need be.
228:
2.18, who is a poet engaged in writing an epic about the Trojan war, and who is mentioned again in Ovid's
1639:
1247:
in 92β3. There are also verbal links on either side of the central section which frame it, for example (
780:
His poems are doing no good. If they can't give him access to his mistress, he has no need of the Muses.
244:
1140:'hear me!' are picked out by the first letters of the pentameters from 2.5.16 to 2.5.26; and the word
734:
Within the overall chiastic structure, the Apollo section (11β32) is itself chiastic, with the words
2012:"Was Vergil reading the Bible? Original sin and an astonishing acrostic in the Orpheus and Eurydice"
1458:
984:
799:
But a good girl who is not greedy, even if she lives a hundred years, will have plenty of mourners.
704:
502:
211:
179:
471:
as in 2.1, calls on the people to be silent and join in a sacrifice to celebrate a birthday; the "
425:
cano, pellere, compositis, primum, rura, rure, verno, flores, agricola, primum, satiatus, cantavit
34:. They are thought to have been written in the years shortly before Tibullus's death in c. 19 BC.
1566:
1202:
are all matched by the same or similar words in the last 18 lines (105β122); Apollo's long hair (
1009:. Wives will give birth, grandparents will never tire of playing with their little grandchildren.
659:
472:
419:
75:
63:
201:
A complication is the similarity of his situation to that of "Cerinthus" addressed in Horace's
1738:
1561:
613:
326:
Now Night is coming, and after her the stars. Sleep, silent on dark wings, and dreams follow.
171:, or possibly his son, mentioned in another inscription (CIL VI 2023a) as an Arval in AD 14.
141:
interwoven with gold threads; a retinue of black slaves; fabrics dyed with north African and
1345:
1134:
As Leah Kronenberg (2018) points out, there are two acrostics hidden in the poem. The words
980:
644:
27:
1453:
1409:(43). Within the overall scheme there are other echoes making smaller rings: for example,
1275:
1057:
916:
56:
1886:"Meaningful form: parallelism and inverse parallelism in Catullus, Tibullus and Horace"
1571:
1220:'Phoebus (Apollo)' is repeated at the beginning and end of each of sections A and A'.
1084:
168:
23:
310:
with flowers. It was in the country also that women learnt how to spin and weave wool.
2158:
940:
142:
1796:
Book Three of the Corpus Tibullianum. Introduction, Text, Translation and Commentary
1702:"A propos de CΓ©rinthus et de quelques autres pseudonymes dans la poΓ©sie augustΓ©enne"
145:(2.3.50β78). Green emeralds and pearls are also welcome (2.4.27β30). Nemesis has a
943:; shepherds hung their votive offerings on trees; boats used to pass through the
2011:
972:
967:
would be killed. She also predicted the founding of Alba Longa by Aeneas's son
302:
It was in the country that farmers first sang rustic songs and held dances for
567:
501:
or birthday poem. Other examples are Tibullus 1.7, poems 3.11 and 3.12 in the
437:'with sure foot' (line 52) which ends the first half of the poem is echoed by
138:
956:
505:
and 3.14 and 3.15 in Sulpicia's poems in book 3 of the Tibullan collection.
155:
1.2.55β56) a person called Marsaeus was notorious for doing exactly this.)
1448:
1088:
968:
944:
904:
577:
390:
360:
207:
175:
31:
2054:
1994:
1977:
1942:
1758:
1701:
1611:
1492:
1223:
Further verbal echoes are found linking sections B and B', for example
976:
936:
576:
He prays that the corn may fail, which has taken away his Nemesis. May
303:
131:
2108:
2087:
1847:
1775:
1718:
1684:
1056:, a college of priests whose main function was to guard the prophetic
2113:
Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association
1074:
964:
960:
955:
The sibyl told Aeneas that Jupiter was assigning him the farmland of
928:
896:
752:(21, 23), and Apollo's learned songs (20) matching his oracles (21).
636:
550:
48:
1164:(2.111β112), acrostics were a regular feature of Sibylline oracles.
1547:
6.1β97), the sibyl who gave this prophecy to Aeneas was the one at
1185:
B' 79β104 β An omen at the present rite for a prosperous year ahead
359:, who at this period was the "most important literary patron after
1548:
1176:
A 1β18 β Prayer to Phoebus to bless the installation of Messalinus
1006:
908:
900:
570:, dark skinned Indian slaves, and fabrics dyed with Tyrian purple!
316:
307:
987:
and have an empire stretching across the world from East to West.
418:
The song celebrating the countryside in lines 37β66 itself has a
340:
The poet sings a hymn celebrating a rural festival, probably the
932:
911:
to make their predictions. Tibullus prays that Apollo may allow
620:
is an imitation of the following line in Virgil's 10th eclogue (
2073:
Murgatroyd, P. (1989). "The Genre and Unity of Tibullus 2.6".
2010:
The passage is quoted and translated in Hejduk, J. D. (2018).
1196:
For example, in Murgatroyd's section A (lines 1β18) the words
183:
346:("blessing of the farm"), taking on the role of a priest or
2109:"On the origin of certain features of the Paraclausithyron"
1182:
C 65β78 β Other sibylline prophecies and omens of civil war
16:
Book of six Latin love poems written by Tibullus, c. 19 BC
1888:(Doctoral dissertation), Johannesburg, pp. 142, 151, 163.
1179:
B 19β64 β The early days of Rome and the Sibyl's prophecy
1158:'seer' in line 2.5.114. As Cicero points out in his book
983:, and that a great city called Rome would grow up on the
443:'with unsure foot' (line 90) which ends the second half.
355:
The Messalla mentioned in this poem is Tibullus's patron
1995:"Tibullus the Elegiac Vates: Acrostics in Tibullus 2.5"
1739:"Valgius Rufus and the Poet Macer in Tibullus and Ovid"
1513:
This interpretation follows the Oxford text, which has
1262:
sacras ... laurus, sacris ... laurea, sacer ... laurus
1852:
Transactions of the American Philological Association
658:As with other poems in this book, the structure is
412:
Bacche veni, procul, deo, post, nocte, Venus, turba
62:All the poems of the book are built according to a
1382:('procuress'), and describe Tibullus's reactions.
1072:In the poem there are many references to Virgil's
1759:"Horace and the Poetology of Tibullus' Elegy 2.1"
935:carrying his father and his gods. β At that time
612:'Even the beautiful Apollo pastured the bulls of
389:1.10.23β24, Horace compares the earlier satirist
55:Although the shortness of the book compared with
1543:There were several sibyls. According to Virgil (
1491:, as a name for a type of poem, first occurs in
601:Julia Gaisser (1977) points out that line 11:
1669:
1618:, Vol. 38, No. 3 (Autumn, 1984), pp. 235β239.
1519:at line 47. The majority of manuscripts have
1433:near the beginning and end of section 4, and
939:had not yet founded Rome; cows grazed on the
8:
1745:, Vol. 43, No. 1 (Spring 2018), pp. 179β206.
1126:to the next and from one theme to another."
1048:, on the occasion of his appointment to the
1962:
1790:
1788:
1725:, Vol. 62, No. 3 (Jul., 1967), pp. 163β168.
1661:
1640:"The arrangement of Tibullus Books 1 and 2"
1520:
1514:
1434:
1428:
1422:
1416:
1410:
1404:
1398:
1392:
1386:
1377:
1371:
1353:
1283:
1266:
1260:
1254:
1248:
1242:
1236:
1230:
1224:
1215:
1209:
1203:
1197:
1159:
1153:
1147:
1141:
1135:
1112:
1106:
1105:'be gracious'. In 2.2 the birthday spirit (
1100:
1049:
878:
865:
859:
858:; and in section C, lines 21β26, the words
853:
847:
841:
835:
757:
747:
741:
735:
726:
720:
714:
708:
694:
688:
682:
672:
666:
628:
605:
525:
512:
466:
448:
438:
432:
423:
410:
372:
347:
341:
258:
248:
235:
229:
223:
193:
146:
1854:(1974-2014), Vol. 107 (1977), pp. 131β146.
1654:
1652:
1214:'unshorn locks' in line 121; the vocative
710:praeda ... praeda ... praeda ... praedator
2140:
2138:
2136:
2127:Haec mihi fingebam: Tibullus in his World
1862:
1860:
1848:"Tibullus 2.3 and Vergil's Tenth Eclogue"
1343:This poem belongs to the type known as a
1753:
1751:
630:et formosus oves ad flumina pavit Adonis
508:On the identity of Cornutus, see above.
2069:
2067:
1978:"Introduction: Recent Work on Tibullus"
1937:
1935:
1933:
1590:
1470:
1439:at the beginning and end of section 5.
1427:at the beginning and end of section 3,
1421:at the beginning and end of section 2,
1415:at the beginning and end of section 1,
846:; in section B, lines 15β20, the words
1880:
1878:
1876:
1798:. Cambridge Scholars Publishing, Β§3.3.
1733:
1731:
1634:
1632:
1630:
1628:
1626:
1624:
643:In Eclogue 10 Virgil depicts the poet
607:pavit et Admeti tauros formosus Apollo
1208:) in line 8 is matched by the phrase
134:, the goddess of divine retribution.
7:
1765:, Vol. 70, No. 1 (Juni 2013), 16β32.
1719:"Tibullus 2.6: A New Interpretation"
1308:making him pray for terrible things.
1914:University of Oklahoma Press; p. 5.
1495:: Maltby (2021a), headnote on 3.11.
1927:. Oxford University Press, p. 230.
1610:For example, Reeve, M. D. (1984).
1044:, eldest son of Tibullus's patron
192:) 'horn', the equivalent of Latin
14:
2096:The American Journal of Philology
1780:The American Journal of Philology
1362:contrasted with amatory warfare.
699:(28β29, 71β72) link these parts.
357:Marcus Valerius Messalla Corvinus
320:their flocks, and for themselves.
864:are reflected in lines 45β50 by
852:are reflected in lines 51β54 by
840:are reflected in lines 57β60 by
497:This poem is of the type called
2055:"The Structure of Tibullus 1.7"
1660:"Etymology and Identity in the
1352:The opening words of the poem (
963:; and that the Rutulian leader
919:and teach him to understand it.
787:and even the dog stops barking.
722:spes ... spes ... spes ... spes
306:, and boys first decorated the
1671:Incontri di filologia classica
1052:Quindecimviri sacris faciundis
465:The poet, acting as priest or
74:The book has a symmetrical or
1:
1776:"Tibullus and the Ambarvalia"
1646:, 124(1β2), 68β82; pp. 78β82.
1551:, on the west coast of Italy.
1244:dabit ... parenti ... eripiet
1238:dedit ... parentem ... raptos
677:are common to both sections.
2115:(1942, January), pp. 96β107.
2018:(1959-), 64, 71β102., p. 75.
1884:van der Riet, J. W. (1998).
1534:Some words are missing here.
1504:Some words are missing here.
728:pax ... pax ... pax ... pace
1943:"Tibullus 2.5 and Vergil's
927:A sibyl gave a prophecy to
895:Tibullus calls on Phoebus (
639:pastured sheep near rivers'
94:5 β In honour of Messalinus
91:4 β Complaint about Nemesis
88:3 β Complaint about Nemesis
42:, son of Tibullus's patron
2191:
2170:1st-century BC Roman poets
1743:Illinois Classical Studies
855:prosunt, colendus, si, ite
746:(17, 19) matching that of
184:
1910:Putnam, M. C. J. (1973).
1691:, 38(1), 193β205; p. 196.
931:, after Aeneas fled from
743:o quotiens ... o quotiens
85:2 β In honour of Cornutus
2165:Golden Age Latin writers
1925:The Augustan Aristocracy
867:at, flebitur ante, dabit
849:ite, si, prodestis, colo
843:amores, si, videat, illa
737:comae, curas, amor, deus
2061:, 34(Fasc. 3), 729β744.
1993:Kronenberg, L. (2018).
1912:Tibullus: A Commentary.
1846:Gaisser, J. H. (1977).
1737:Kronenberg, L. (2018).
1708:, 35(Fasc. 3), 504β519.
1700:Boucher, J. P. (1976).
1689:The Classical Quarterly
22:is a collection of six
2148:. Oxford, pp. 280β291.
2124:Bright, D. F. (1978).
2107:Copley, F. O. (1942).
2086:Canter, H. V. (1920).
1963:
1774:Pascal, C. B. (1988).
1757:Tzounakas, S. (2013).
1717:O'Neil, E. N. (1967).
1670:
1662:
1601:. Oxford, pp. 283β291.
1521:
1515:
1435:
1429:
1423:
1417:
1411:
1405:
1399:
1393:
1387:
1378:
1372:
1354:
1284:
1267:
1261:
1255:
1249:
1243:
1237:
1231:
1225:
1216:
1210:
1204:
1198:
1160:
1154:
1148:
1142:
1136:
1113:
1107:
1101:
1050:
879:
866:
861:at, flebilis ante, dat
860:
854:
848:
842:
837:video, illa, Amor, seu
836:
758:
748:
742:
736:
727:
721:
716:illa ... illi ... illi
715:
709:
695:
689:
683:
673:
667:
629:
606:
526:
513:
467:
449:
439:
433:
424:
411:
373:
348:
342:
259:
249:
236:
230:
224:
194:
147:
1976:Damer, E. Z. (2014).
1355:castra Macer sequitur
1285:Castra Macer sequitur
1120:
260:Quisquis adest faveat
245:Panegyricus Messallae
82:1 β The farmer's life
2146:Tibullus: Elegies II
2092:as a literary theme"
2053:Ball, R. J. (1975).
2044:. Oxford, pp. 288β9.
2042:Tibullus: Elegies II
2029:Tibullus: Elegies II
1984:, 443β450; page 446.
1941:Ball, R. J. (1975).
1901:. Oxford, pp. 286β7.
1899:Tibullus: Elegies II
1870:. Oxford, pp. 285β6.
1868:Tibullus: Elegies II
1835:Tibullus: Elegies II
1822:Tibullus: Elegies II
1811:. Oxford, pp. 283β4.
1809:Tibullus: Elegies II
1683:Lowe, N. J. (1988).
1658:Maltby, R. (2021b).
1638:Dettmer, H. (1980).
1599:Tibullus: Elegies II
979:, would be raped by
696:Amor, Veneri, aperte
635:'even the beautiful
422:, in that the words
97:6 β The lover's life
2144:Murgatroyd (1994),
2040:Murgatroyd (1994),
2027:Murgatroyd (1994),
1897:Murgatroyd (1994),
1866:Murgatroyd (1994),
1833:Murgatroyd (1994),
1820:Murgatroyd (1994),
1807:Murgatroyd (1994),
1794:Maltby, R. (2021a)
1723:Classical Philology
1685:"Sulpicia's syntax"
1663:Appendix Tibulliana
1597:Murgatroyd (1994),
1459:Garland of Sulpicia
1232:iuvenis ... puellae
1229:in line 36 matches
1211:intonsi ... capilli
1068:Imitation of Virgil
597:Tibullus and Virgil
503:Garland of Sulpicia
180:Garland of Sulpicia
30:by the poet Albius
2031:. Oxford, pp. 288.
1837:. Oxford, pp. 284.
1782:, 109(4), 523β536.
1574:The Twelve Caesars
1226:iuvenem ... puella
759:Hic mihi servitium
527:Rura meam, Cornute
450:Dicamus bona verba
420:chiastic structure
385:; for example, in
125:Nemesis and Phryne
76:chiastic structure
2098:, 41(4), 355β368.
2077:, 43(2), 134-142.
2001:, 71(3), 508β514.
1923:Syme, R. (1989).
1763:Museum Helveticum
1292:Summary of poem 6
1268:incendia, flammas
1241:in 19β20 matches
1235:in line 101, and
1095:Links with poem 2
1040:Poem 2.5 honours
887:Summary of poem 5
821:Links with poem 3
766:Summary of poem 4
713:in the first and
534:Summary of poem 3
457:Summary of poem 2
267:Summary of poem 1
112:3 + 4 = 144 lines
109:2 + 5 = 144 lines
106:1 + 6 = 144 lines
26:poems written in
2182:
2149:
2142:
2131:
2122:
2116:
2105:
2099:
2090:paraclausithyron
2084:
2078:
2071:
2062:
2051:
2045:
2038:
2032:
2025:
2019:
2008:
2002:
1991:
1985:
1974:
1968:
1966:
1959:
1953:
1939:
1928:
1921:
1915:
1908:
1902:
1895:
1889:
1882:
1871:
1864:
1855:
1844:
1838:
1831:
1825:
1824:. Oxford, p. 41.
1818:
1812:
1805:
1799:
1792:
1783:
1772:
1766:
1755:
1746:
1735:
1726:
1715:
1709:
1698:
1692:
1681:
1675:
1673:
1665:
1656:
1647:
1636:
1619:
1608:
1602:
1595:
1578:
1558:
1552:
1541:
1535:
1532:
1526:
1524:
1518:
1511:
1505:
1502:
1496:
1485:
1479:
1475:
1438:
1432:
1426:
1420:
1414:
1408:
1402:
1396:
1390:
1381:
1375:
1357:
1346:paraclausithyron
1287:
1270:
1265:(63, 81, 82β3),
1264:
1258:
1252:
1246:
1240:
1234:
1228:
1219:
1213:
1207:
1201:
1163:
1157:
1151:
1145:
1139:
1121:Tibullus's style
1116:
1110:
1104:
1055:
975:, the mother of
882:
869:
863:
857:
851:
845:
839:
761:
751:
745:
739:
730:
724:
718:
712:
698:
692:
686:
676:
670:
668:meam, heu, agros
632:
609:
529:
516:
470:
452:
442:
440:incerto ... pede
436:
427:
414:
376:
351:
345:
336:A rural festival
262:
252:
239:
233:
227:
197:
187:
186:
150:
28:elegiac couplets
2190:
2189:
2185:
2184:
2183:
2181:
2180:
2179:
2155:
2154:
2153:
2152:
2143:
2134:
2123:
2119:
2106:
2102:
2085:
2081:
2072:
2065:
2052:
2048:
2039:
2035:
2026:
2022:
2009:
2005:
1992:
1988:
1982:Classical World
1975:
1971:
1960:
1956:
1952:(1959β), 33β50.
1940:
1931:
1922:
1918:
1909:
1905:
1896:
1892:
1883:
1874:
1865:
1858:
1845:
1841:
1832:
1828:
1819:
1815:
1806:
1802:
1793:
1786:
1773:
1769:
1756:
1749:
1736:
1729:
1716:
1712:
1699:
1695:
1682:
1678:
1657:
1650:
1637:
1622:
1609:
1605:
1596:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1581:
1560:This refers to
1559:
1555:
1542:
1538:
1533:
1529:
1512:
1508:
1503:
1499:
1486:
1482:
1476:
1472:
1467:
1454:Tibullus book 1
1445:
1368:
1341:
1336:
1334:Notes on poem 6
1294:
1289:
1276:Tibullus book 1
1205:longas ...comas
1170:
1132:
1123:
1097:
1070:
1058:Sibylline books
1038:
1033:
1031:Notes on poem 5
917:sacred document
889:
884:
832:
823:
818:
816:Notes on poem 4
768:
763:
749:saepe ... saepe
725:of poem 2.6 or
656:
599:
594:
592:Notes on poem 3
536:
531:
495:
493:Notes on poem 2
459:
454:
407:
374:De Rerum Natura
338:
333:
331:Notes on poem 1
269:
264:
250:castra sequitur
220:
164:
127:
122:
72:
57:Tibullus book 1
20:Tibullus book 2
17:
12:
11:
5:
2188:
2186:
2178:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2157:
2156:
2151:
2150:
2132:
2117:
2100:
2079:
2063:
2046:
2033:
2020:
2003:
1986:
1969:
1954:
1929:
1916:
1903:
1890:
1872:
1856:
1839:
1826:
1813:
1800:
1784:
1767:
1747:
1727:
1710:
1693:
1676:
1648:
1620:
1612:"Tibullus 2.6"
1603:
1589:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1580:
1579:
1562:Caesar's Comet
1553:
1536:
1527:
1506:
1497:
1480:
1469:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1462:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1444:
1441:
1367:
1364:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1331:
1330:
1323:
1316:
1309:
1302:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1280:
1190:
1189:
1186:
1183:
1180:
1177:
1169:
1166:
1161:de Divinatione
1131:
1128:
1122:
1119:
1096:
1093:
1085:Aelius Donatus
1069:
1066:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1028:
1027:
1019:
1018:
1011:
1010:
998:
997:
989:
988:
949:
948:
921:
920:
888:
885:
883:
875:
831:
828:
822:
819:
817:
814:
813:
812:
806:
800:
794:
788:
781:
775:
767:
764:
762:
754:
731:of poem 1.10.
693:(19, 72), and
655:
652:
641:
640:
633:
618:
617:
610:
598:
595:
593:
590:
589:
588:
582:
571:
561:
554:
544:
535:
532:
530:
522:
494:
491:
490:
489:
483:
476:
458:
455:
453:
445:
434:certo ... pede
406:
403:
402:
401:
343:lustratio agri
337:
334:
332:
329:
328:
327:
321:
311:
297:
291:
284:
277:
268:
265:
263:
255:
219:
216:
210:poems and the
163:
160:
126:
123:
121:
118:
114:
113:
110:
107:
99:
98:
95:
92:
89:
86:
83:
78:, as follows:
71:
68:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2187:
2176:
2175:Elegiac poets
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2162:
2160:
2147:
2141:
2139:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2128:
2121:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2104:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2091:
2083:
2080:
2076:
2070:
2068:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2050:
2047:
2043:
2037:
2034:
2030:
2024:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2007:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1990:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1973:
1970:
1965:
1958:
1955:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1938:
1936:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1920:
1917:
1913:
1907:
1904:
1900:
1894:
1891:
1887:
1881:
1879:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1863:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1843:
1840:
1836:
1830:
1827:
1823:
1817:
1814:
1810:
1804:
1801:
1797:
1791:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1771:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1754:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1734:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1714:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1697:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1680:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1664:
1655:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1635:
1633:
1631:
1629:
1627:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1607:
1604:
1600:
1594:
1591:
1584:
1576:
1575:
1569:
1568:
1563:
1557:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1540:
1537:
1531:
1528:
1523:
1517:
1510:
1507:
1501:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1484:
1481:
1474:
1471:
1464:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1446:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1431:
1425:
1419:
1413:
1407:
1401:
1395:
1389:
1383:
1380:
1374:
1365:
1363:
1359:
1356:
1350:
1348:
1347:
1338:
1333:
1327:
1324:
1320:
1317:
1313:
1310:
1306:
1303:
1299:
1296:
1295:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1279:
1277:
1272:
1269:
1263:
1257:
1251:
1250:herbas, herba
1245:
1239:
1233:
1227:
1221:
1218:
1212:
1206:
1200:
1194:
1187:
1184:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1174:
1173:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1156:
1150:
1144:
1138:
1129:
1127:
1118:
1115:
1109:
1103:
1094:
1092:
1090:
1086:
1081:
1077:
1076:
1067:
1065:
1063:
1059:
1054:
1053:
1047:
1043:
1035:
1030:
1024:
1021:
1020:
1016:
1013:
1012:
1008:
1003:
1000:
999:
994:
991:
990:
986:
982:
978:
974:
970:
966:
962:
958:
954:
951:
950:
946:
942:
941:Palatine Hill
938:
934:
930:
926:
923:
922:
918:
915:to touch the
914:
910:
906:
902:
898:
894:
891:
890:
886:
881:
876:
874:
871:
868:
862:
856:
850:
844:
838:
829:
827:
820:
815:
810:
807:
804:
801:
798:
795:
792:
789:
785:
782:
779:
776:
773:
770:
769:
765:
760:
755:
753:
750:
744:
738:
732:
729:
723:
717:
711:
706:
700:
697:
691:
685:
678:
675:
669:
663:
661:
653:
651:
648:
646:
638:
634:
631:
627:
626:
625:
623:
615:
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549:Even the god
548:
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541:
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523:
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514:venit, veniat
509:
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377:and Vergil's
375:
371:, Lucretius'
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169:Arval college
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143:Tyrian purple
140:
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35:
33:
29:
25:
21:
2145:
2126:
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2112:
2103:
2095:
2089:
2082:
2074:
2058:
2049:
2041:
2036:
2028:
2023:
2015:
2006:
1998:
1989:
1981:
1972:
1964:Vita Vergili
1957:
1949:
1944:
1924:
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1911:
1906:
1898:
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1867:
1851:
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1834:
1829:
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1795:
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1713:
1705:
1696:
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1643:
1615:
1606:
1598:
1593:
1573:
1567:Divus Julius
1565:
1556:
1544:
1539:
1530:
1509:
1500:
1489:genethliakon
1488:
1483:
1473:
1418:loquor/loqui
1391:(line 8) vs
1384:
1369:
1360:
1351:
1344:
1342:
1325:
1318:
1311:
1304:
1297:
1273:
1256:Ceres, Ceres
1222:
1195:
1191:
1171:
1133:
1124:
1098:
1079:
1073:
1071:
1061:
1039:
1022:
1014:
1001:
992:
952:
924:
892:
880:Phoebe, fave
872:
833:
824:
808:
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796:
790:
783:
777:
771:
733:
701:
679:
664:
657:
649:
642:
621:
619:
600:
584:
573:
563:
556:
546:
539:
519:
510:
507:
499:genethliakon
498:
496:
485:
478:
462:
430:
417:
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395:
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100:
73:
61:
54:
47:
36:
19:
18:
1271:(47, 90)).
985:seven hills
431:The phrase
178:and in the
2159:Categories
1644:Philologus
1585:References
1259:(58, 84),
1253:(55, 95),
1042:Messalinus
1036:Messalinus
996:bellowing.
913:Messalinus
687:(11, 65),
543:his hands.
120:Characters
40:Messalinus
2016:Vergilius
1999:Mnemosyne
1961:Donatus,
1950:Vergilius
1674:, p. 221.
1487:The word
1366:Structure
1315:refusing.
1282:Poem 6 β
1168:Structure
1130:Acrostics
961:Rutulians
957:Laurentum
877:Poem 5 β
830:Structure
756:Poem 4 β
707:passage:
705:anaphoric
654:Structure
624:10.18.):
581:clothing.
568:Coan silk
524:Poem 3 β
447:Poem 2 β
405:Structure
257:Poem 1 β
139:Coan silk
70:Structure
1449:Tibullus
1443:See also
1430:lacrimis
1406:loquaces
1403:(11) vs
1089:Augustus
1062:Ex Ponto
1046:Messalla
969:Ascanius
945:Velabrum
905:diviners
684:formosus
660:chiastic
560:the sea.
391:Lucilius
379:Georgics
369:Eclogues
361:Maecenas
290:present.
231:Ex Ponto
208:Sulpicia
176:Sulpicia
162:Cornutus
64:chiastic
44:Messalla
32:Tibullus
2075:Phoenix
2059:Latomus
1706:Latomus
1616:Phoenix
1493:Statius
1394:portans
1339:General
1137:AVDI ME
1108:Natalis
977:Romulus
971:, that
937:Romulus
674:dominam
614:Admetus
578:Bacchus
482:jewels.
387:Satires
383:Satires
304:Bacchus
276:altars.
237:Tristia
212:Garland
153:Satires
132:Nemesis
1967:28β33.
1945:Aeneid
1545:Aeneid
1412:castra
1400:loquor
1397:(46),
1388:portat
1217:Phoebe
1149:abdita
1080:Aeneid
1075:Aeneid
965:Turnus
929:Aeneas
909:sibyls
901:augurs
897:Apollo
671:, and
645:Gallus
637:Adonis
551:Apollo
473:Genius
225:Amores
203:Satire
49:Aeneid
2088:"The
1549:Cumae
1465:Notes
1155:vates
1114:augur
1007:Pales
690:valle
468:vates
349:vates
317:Cupid
308:Lares
218:Macer
195:cornu
190:keras
185:ΞΊΞΟΞ±Ο
24:Latin
1522:tibi
1516:mihi
1478:one.
1436:lena
1424:spes
1379:lena
1373:Spes
1301:too!
1143:AMES
1102:fave
981:Mars
973:Ilia
933:Troy
907:and
903:and
148:lena
1572:88
1278:).
1023:105
622:Ec.
283:it.
2161::
2135:^
2111:.
2094:.
2066:^
2057:.
2014:.
1997:.
1980:.
1947:."
1932:^
1875:^
1859:^
1850:.
1787:^
1778:.
1761:.
1750:^
1741:.
1730:^
1721:.
1704:.
1687:.
1668:.
1651:^
1642:.
1623:^
1614:.
1570:;
1326:45
1319:29
1312:19
1305:11
1015:95
1002:79
993:65
953:39
925:19
870:.
809:55
803:51
797:45
791:39
784:21
778:13
585:77
574:61
564:47
557:33
547:11
486:17
324:87
314:67
300:51
294:37
287:25
280:15
52:.
1666:"
1577:.
1525:.
1298:1
893:1
772:1
616:'
540:1
479:9
463:1
273:1
188:(
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