466:
756:
144:
748:
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1710:
36:
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Opinions were much divided in ancient times as to his personal character; but the testimony as to his administrative and diplomatic ability was unanimous. He enjoyed the credit of sharing largely in the establishment of the new order of things, of reconciling parties, and of carrying the new empire
1653:
i.8.14 – "nunc licet
Esquiliis habitare salubribus atque / aggere in aprico spatiari, quo modo tristes / albis informem spectabant ossibus agrum,/cum mihi non tantum furesque feraeque suetae/hunc vexare locum curae sunt atque labori/quantum carminibus quae versant atque venenis/humanos animos: has
628:
of
Maecenas in his relation to the men of genius who formed his circle was his simplicity, cordiality and sincerity. Although not particular in the choice of some of the associates of his pleasures, he admitted none but men of worth to his intimacy, and when once admitted they were treated like
578:
love of letters, but with a view to the higher interest of the state. He recognized in the genius of the poets of that time not only the truest ornament of the court, but the power of reconciling men's minds to the new order of things, and of investing the actual state of affairs with an ideal
1428:– "Plane multum mihi facetiarum contulit istic Horatius Flaccus, memorabilis poeta mihique propter Maecenatem ac Maecenatianos hortos meos non alienus. Is namque Horatius Sermonum libr(o) s(ecundo) fabulam istam Polemonis inseruit, si recte memini, hisce versibus..."
595:
of Virgil was in a great measure the result of the direction given by the statesman to the poet's genius. A similar change between the earlier odes of Horace, in which he declares his epicurean indifference to affairs of state, and the great national odes of the
404:
he fell somewhat out of favour with his master. The historian attributes the loss of the imperial favour to
Maecenas' having indiscreetly revealed to Terentia, his allegedly beautiful but difficult wife, the discovery of the conspiracy in which her brother
793:, libraries, and other aspects of Roman culture. Maecenas is said to have been the first to construct a swimming bath of hot water in Rome, which may have been in the gardens. The luxury of his gardens and villas incurred the displeasure of
619:
from harping continually on his love to themes of public interest, an effort which to some extent backfired in the ironic elegies of Book III. But if the motive of his patronage had been merely political, it never could have inspired the
565:
His character as a munificent patron of literature – which has made his name a household word – is gratefully acknowledged by the recipients of it and attested by the regrets of the men of letters of a later age, expressed by
1704:, vol. 46, no. 14 (18 July 2024), pp. 33-34. "However little we know about the real Maecenas, his shifting role as the archetypal patron of the arts – shaped by the Roman poets he supported – has defied oblivion..." (p. 34.)
910:
by wealthy and powerful individuals has at many times played a part in the encouragement of artistic production. Probably many a savage tribe had its
Maecenas." Maecenas is celebrated for this role in two poems, the
433:, describes him as "of sleepless vigilance in critical emergencies, far-seeing and knowing how to act, but in his relaxation from business more luxurious and effeminate than a woman." Expressions in the
612:, this argument is plainly specious; but doubtless the milieu of Maecenas's circle influenced the writing of the Roman Odes (III.1–6) and others such as the ode to Pollio, Motum ex Metello (II.1).
327:
in 91 BC may have been his grandfather, or even his father. The testimony of Horace and
Maecenas's own literary tastes imply that he had profited from the highest education of his time.
800:
Though the approximate site is known, it is not easy to reconcile literary indications to determine the gardens' exact location, whether or not they lay on both sides of the
Servian
857:, and viewed the burning of that from the turris Maecenatiana. This turris was probably the "molem propinquam nubibus arduis" ("the pile, among the clouds") mentioned by Horace.
600:
has been ascribed by some to the same guidance. However, since the organization of the Odes is not entirely chronological, and their composition followed both books of
2596:
2026:
413:(writing in the early 3rd century AD) it was due to the emperor's relations with Terentia. Maecenas died in 8 BC, leaving the emperor sole heir to his wealth.
393:
1660:
1730:
422:
safely through many dangers. To his influence especially were attributed the more humane policies of
Octavian after his first alliance with Antony and
1725:
1695:
1294:
950:, the 18th-century poet and the first African-American writer to publish a book, published a poem "To Maecenas" as the first poem in her 1773 book
2790:
1806:
1548:
1314:
1359:
637:
of Horace. It has fallen to the lot of no other patron of literature to have his name associated with works of such lasting interest as the
2840:
2835:
358:
1394:
2820:
2805:
2632:
2563:
2462:
1215:
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1834:
813:
423:
439:
seem to imply that
Maecenas was deficient in the robustness of fibre which Romans liked to imagine was characteristic of their city.
2810:
119:
57:
50:
755:
2800:
2721:
1143:
2815:
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2432:
373:
in 36, Maecenas was sent back to Rome, and was entrusted with supreme administrative control in the city and in Italy. He was
2785:
2691:
2606:
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1764:
100:
1383:
330:
His great wealth may have been in part hereditary, but he owed his position and influence to his close connection with the
72:
2696:
542:
I.i) by addressing his new patron. Maecenas gave him full financial support as well as an estate in the Sabine
Mountains.
143:
2795:
2513:
1994:
406:
335:
1405:
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1654:
nullo perdere possum/nec prohibere modo, simul ac vaga luna decorum/protulit os, quin ossa legant herbasque nocentis."
298:
in the 4th century BC. Horace makes reference to this in his address to
Maecenas at the opening of his first books of
79:
2503:
2255:
2165:
2065:
1540:
430:
473:
Maecenas is most famous for his support of young poets; hence, in most European languages, his name has become an
46:
2474:
2379:
2260:
834:", a probable venue for dining and entertainment, may still be visited (upon reservation) on Largo Leopardi near
334:
Augustus. He first appears in history in 40 BC, when he was employed by Octavian in arranging his marriage with
86:
2681:
2591:
2369:
2354:
2275:
2216:
1953:
1564:
725:
309:
2703:
1960:
944:
wishes longevity upon the charity of the students' benefactors ("Maecenatum", genitive plural of "Maecenas").
365:– are described as having been sent on an important mission, and they were successful in patching up, by the
2770:
2652:
2404:
2384:
2364:
2292:
2185:
2121:
1347:
865:
747:
68:
2447:
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1853:
1827:
1700:
1299:
831:
597:
382:
2411:
2825:
2657:
2111:
2106:
1360:"Auditorium of Maecenas - Information about the Auditorium of Maecenas in Rome - Ancient Rome Monuments"
913:
450:
366:
287:
1266:
392:
896:
His name has become a byword in many languages for a well-connected and wealthy patron. For instance,
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2627:
2551:
2265:
2170:
1514:
1000:
935:
809:
454:
339:
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2242:
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1528:
995:
965:
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790:
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653:
386:
350:
196:
2713:
1965:
1935:
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1024:
873:
794:
717:
682:
665:
cannot have written them, as he died eleven years before Maecenas; they may have been written by
571:
279:
685:. The some twenty fragments that remain show that he was less successful as an author than as a
389:; during the subsequent absences of his chief in the provinces he again held the same position.
369:, a reconciliation between the two claimants for supreme power. During the Sicilian war against
1223:
2775:
2748:
2480:
2333:
2328:
2201:
2155:
2150:
2143:
2091:
2019:
1820:
1802:
1760:
1691:
1544:
1508:
1290:
1030:
902:
854:
283:
346:. As a close friend and advisor he had even acted as deputy for Augustus when he was abroad.
2545:
2250:
2116:
2101:
1989:
1948:
1926:
1915:
1879:
1752:
1534:
1123:
1035:
1017:
970:
947:
940:
666:
602:
580:
378:
324:
275:
247:
231:). He was also an important patron for the new generation of Augustan poets, including both
93:
294:, who excited the jealousy of their townsmen by their preponderant wealth and influence at
2529:
2180:
2160:
2138:
2014:
1062:
1045:
957:
In Poland and Western Ukraine, a lawyer would customarily be addressed with the honorific
805:
774:
608:
559:
534:'s poetry, who introduced Horace to Maecenas. Indeed, Horace begins the first poem of his
370:
1740:
2622:
2359:
2305:
2237:
2211:
2096:
1978:
1886:
1773:
The fragments of Maecenas' poetry have been collected and edited by J. Blänsdorf (ed.),
1213:
Murena was accused of being in a conspiracy with Fannius Caepio and executed in 22 BC (
778:
658:
514:
435:
219:
173:
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2708:
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2539:
2468:
1984:
1943:
1908:
1721:
1716:
1151:
1087:
983:
850:
818:
713:
555:
551:
349:
It was in 38 BC that Horace was introduced to Maecenas, who had before this received
331:
300:
291:
251:
206:
1776:
Philippe Le Doze, "Mécène. Ombres et flamboyances", Paris, Les Belles Lettres, 2014.
308:
refers to him as "Cilnius Maecenas"; it is possible that "Cilnius" was his mother's
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2133:
2128:
2070:
2006:
1972:
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1282:
1009:
979:
884:
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782:
547:
255:
2338:
2320:
2175:
1901:
1610:
1057:
770:
732:
410:
343:
35:
1004:, in which he is presented as a level-headed and loyal lieutenant to Octavian;
2601:
2310:
2300:
1502:
897:
889:
786:
721:
694:
616:
543:
374:
271:
1784:
Fragmenta poetarum Latinorum epicorum et lyricorum praeter Ennium et Lucilium
1734:. Vol. 17 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 296–297.
1425:
517:'s shepherds complain that there is no "Mecoenas" in England in the 1570s.
2232:
2058:
1894:
1624:
1005:
927:
907:
736:
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621:
401:
1756:
926:
In various languages, Maecenas' name has given rise to a word for private
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1873:
1843:
931:
842:
625:
526:
313:
295:
228:
224:
192:
1582:
17:
1787:
1615:
1008:
describes him as 'half the heart of Caesar'. Maecenas was portrayed by
584:
575:
567:
357:
into his intimacy. In the "Journey to Brundisium", in 37, Maecenas and
305:
259:
1646:
1633:
1082:
662:
531:
521:
474:
354:
320:
240:
236:
232:
816:, that is, outside the Esquiline gate of antiquity and north of the
274:
seem to imply that Maecenas had taken some part in the campaigns of
2508:
1715:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
975:
883:
754:
746:
686:
678:
464:
449:
391:
362:
304:
with the expression "atavis edite regibus" (descendant of kings).
930:, mainly cultural but sometimes wider, usually perceived as more
868:
actually were the former gardens of Maecenas is unknown, and the
841:
The gardens became imperial property after Maecenas's death, and
716:") of which the content is unclear – were ridiculed by Augustus,
615:
Maecenas endeavoured also to divert the less masculine genius of
513:("Praise of Piso") by an unknown author in the first century CE.
1587:
1109:
846:
704:(a banquet at which Virgil, Horace, and Messalla were present),
1816:
509:. The eponym has been in use since at least the composition of
429:
The best summary of his character as a man and a statesman, by
254:
but in spite of his wealth and power he chose not to enter the
1013:
974:, Maecenas is one of the three famous wealthy men, along with
29:
1028:. He is also featured in one episode of the second series of
629:
equals. Much of the wisdom of Maecenas probably lives in the
223:
13 April 68 BC – 8 BC) was a friend and political advisor to
1271:(2nd ed.). London: George Bell and Sons. pp. viii.
1022:. He was portrayed by Russell Barr in the made-for-TV movie
826:
extended north from this gate and road on both sides of the
769:
Maecenas sited his famous gardens, the first gardens in the
290:
lineage, and claimed descent from the princely house of the
1812:
759:
Reconstruction of the Villa Maecenas in Tivoli, Italy, 1713
917:, which were written after his death and collected in the
381:, when, with great promptness and secrecy, he crushed the
986:
hopes to find in the books he buys for his home library.
812:
have been found near the north-west corner of the modern
574:. His patronage was exercised, not from vanity or a mere
530:
in his honour. It was Virgil, impressed with examples of
246:
During the reign of Augustus, Maecenas served as a quasi-
1140:
is a nomen based on origin like Lesas, Ufenas, etc: see
1682:
Nora Goldschmidt, "Friends in High Places" (review of
1281:
Nora Goldschmidt, "Friends in High Places" (review of
1322:
Graduate Department of Classics University of Toronto
1303:, vol. 46, no. 14 (18 July 2024), pp. 33-34. (p. 33.)
469:
Frog on an engraved gem: the seal-device of Mecaenas.
728:, the use of rare words and awkward transpositions.
2671:
2645:
2615:
2584:
2577:
2522:
2496:
2455:
2446:
2420:
2397:
2347:
2319:
2291:
2225:
2194:
2084:
2046:
2005:
1934:
1925:
1865:
1688:
Rome's Patron: The Lives and Afterlives of Maecenas
1287:
Rome's Patron: The Lives and Afterlives of Maecenas
587:. The change in seriousness of purpose between the
400:During the latter years of his life as recorded by
202:
187:
179:
169:
161:
153:
134:
1852:Gaius Octavius · Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus (
735:, Maecenas was also the inventor of a system of
396:Bust of Maecenas' wife Terentia (1st century BC)
377:of Octavian during the campaign that led to the
1745:Annales littéraires de l'Université de Besançon
1315:"The Construction of Masculinity in Propertius"
677:Maecenas also wrote literature himself in both
338:, and afterwards in assisting to negotiate the
952:Poems on Various subjects, Religious and Moral
845:lived there after his return to Rome in 2 AD.
1828:
938:. A verse of the Latin-language student song
641:of Virgil, the first three books of Horace's
8:
876:may also refer to the gardens of Maecenas.
148:Imaginary portrait engraving (18th century)
2581:
2452:
2191:
1931:
1835:
1821:
1813:
1144:"Two Small Thoughts on 'Cilnius Maecenas'"
789:, near the gardens of Lamia. It contained
624:which it did in its recipients. The great
361:– great-grandfather of the future emperor
142:
131:
1741:"Mécène. Essai de biographie spirituelle"
220:[ˈɡäːiʊs̠ˈkɪɫ̪niʊs̠mäe̯ˈkeːnäːs̠]
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
1657:Acro, Porphyrio, and Comm. Cruq. ad loc.
1136:Varro, however, specifies that the name
505:; in Ukrainian, Russian, and Bulgarian,
1075:
994:Maecenas is a supporting character in
982:, whose secrets the novel's narrator
692:His prose works on various subjects –
56:Please improve this article by adding
218:
7:
872:mentioned in the twelfth century by
708:(on his manner of life), and a poem
239:. In many languages, his name is an
1801:, 2010, Oxford, Aris and Phillips (
1484:in Spanish, Polish, and Ukrainian,
1313:Raccette-Campbell, Melanie (2013).
1216:"Index to Horace Satires: Epistles"
286:. He prided himself on his ancient
27:Roman political advisor (d. 8 BCE)
25:
1679:, i. 762 seq. ; ii. 432 seq.
1065:, German Award to philanthropists
1012:in the second season of the 2005
751:Auditorium of Maecenas, Esquiline
477:for "patron of arts": in French,
409:was implicated, but according to
312:– or that Maecenas was in fact a
2742:
2741:
2722:Felicior Augusto, melior Traiano
1708:
804:and both north and south of the
323:as an influential member of the
319:The Gaius Maecenas mentioned in
191:friend and political advisor to
34:
2433:Augustan and Julio-Claudian art
2791:Roman-era inhabitants of Italy
1265:King, Charles William (1885).
227:(who later reigned as emperor
1:
58:secondary or tertiary sources
1690:, Princeton, February 2024,
1289:, Princeton, February 2024,
810:archaic Esquiline necropolis
645:, and the first book of his
407:Lucius Licinius Varro Murena
342:and the reconciliation with
2841:People of the War of Actium
2836:People of the War of Mutina
1799:Music in the Odes of Horace
459:At Maecenas' Reception Room
2857:
2821:1st-century BC Roman poets
2806:Italian literature patrons
2166:Library of Palatine Apollo
1739:André, Jean-Marie (1967).
1426:Fronto, ad M. Caesarem 2.2
1338:(Cambridge, 1934) pp.114–5
1142:Simpson, Chris J. (1996).
762:
689:and patron of literature.
431:Marcus Velleius Paterculus
2736:
1850:
1492:in Russian and Bulgarian.
1268:Handbook of Engraved Gems
681:and verse, which are now
141:
2811:Golden Age Latin writers
1661:Topographical Dictionary
1438:Journal of Roman Studies
1416:Horace's Odes iii.29.10.
1038:. In the 2021 TV series
849:connected them with the
814:Piazza Vittorio Emanuele
562:also were his protégés.
2801:Italian philanthropists
2406:Res Gestae Divi Augusti
2186:Caesareum of Alexandria
1731:Encyclopædia Britannica
1677:Augustus and seine Zeit
808:. Common graves of the
2816:Urban prefects of Rome
2054:Constitutional Reforms
1786:, 3rd ed., Stuttgart:
1757:10.3406/ista.1967.1011
1701:London Review of Books
1300:London Review of Books
1044:, he was portrayed by
893:
832:Auditorium of Maecenas
777:style in Rome, on the
760:
752:
470:
462:
397:
243:for "patron of arts".
215:Gaius Cilnius Maecenas
195:, patron of the arts,
136:Gaius Cilnius Maecenas
45:relies excessively on
2786:Ancient Roman equites
2704:Roman Temple of Évora
2107:Porticus Argonautarum
1961:Liberators' Civil War
914:Elegiae in Maecenatem
887:
758:
750:
468:
453:
395:
359:Marcus Cocceius Nerva
2678:Temples of Augustus
2628:Gaius Julius Hyginus
2456:Parents and siblings
2226:Religious structures
2171:Theatre of Marcellus
2047:Legislative activity
1583:"Imperium: Augustus"
1567:Antony and Cleopatra
1529:Fitzgerald, F. Scott
1001:Antony and Cleopatra
888:Bust of Maecenas at
822:; most probably the
546:and the minor poets
340:Treaty of Brundisium
2796:Ancient Roman poets
2728:Cultural depictions
2487:Octavia the Younger
2412:Memoirs of Augustus
2243:Basilica of Neptune
2207:Gardens of Maecenas
1790:, 1995, pp. 243–48.
1591:. 30 November 2003.
996:William Shakespeare
966:F. Scott Fitzgerald
920:Appendix Vergiliana
819:via Tiburtina vetus
765:Gardens of Maecenas
743:Gardens of Maecenas
654:Appendix Vergiliana
520:Maecenas supported
387:Lepidus the Younger
351:Lucius Varius Rufus
197:Gardens of Maecenas
2781:People from Arezzo
2714:Sodales Augustales
1936:Second Triumvirate
1515:G.P. Putnam's Sons
1488:in Hungarian, and
1348:Cassius Dio LV.7.6
1025:Imperium: Augustus
1016:television series
906:, said: "Economic
900:, in his lectures
894:
874:Magister Gregorius
862:horti Maecenatiani
824:horti Maecenatiani
795:Seneca the Younger
785:and its adjoining
761:
753:
724:for their strange
683:lost literary work
471:
463:
398:
367:Treaty of Tarentum
2758:
2757:
2641:
2640:
2573:
2572:
2481:Octavia the Elder
2471:(adoptive father)
2393:
2392:
2334:Via Julia Augusta
2329:Milliarium Aureum
2281:Rome and Augustus
2271:Castor and Pollux
2202:House of Augustus
2156:Porticus of Livia
2151:Porticus Octaviae
2144:Porticus Vipsania
2092:Forum of Augustus
2042:
2041:
2021:Bellum Batonianum
1807:978-0-85668-844-7
1667:Secondary sources
1550:978-0-7432-7356-5
1509:Art as Experience
1336:Minor Latin Poets
903:Art as Experience
870:domus Frontoniana
855:Domus Transitoria
698:, dialogues like
651:Two poems in the
455:Stefan Bakałowicz
212:
211:
180:Years active
130:
129:
122:
104:
16:(Redirected from
2848:
2745:
2744:
2582:
2546:Agrippa Postumus
2453:
2256:Apollo Palatinus
2192:
2117:Solarium Augusti
2102:Baths of Agrippa
1932:
1927:Wars of Augustus
1916:Pontifex maximus
1837:
1830:
1823:
1814:
1770:
1735:
1714:
1712:
1711:
1696:978 0 691 193144
1593:
1592:
1579:
1573:
1572:
1561:
1555:
1554:
1535:The Great Gatsby
1525:
1519:
1518:
1499:
1493:
1447:
1441:
1435:
1429:
1423:
1417:
1414:
1408:
1403:
1397:
1392:
1386:
1381:
1375:
1374:
1372:
1371:
1362:. Archived from
1356:
1350:
1345:
1339:
1332:
1326:
1325:
1319:
1310:
1304:
1295:978 0 691 193144
1279:
1273:
1272:
1262:
1256:
1253:
1247:
1244:
1238:
1235:
1229:
1227:
1222:. Archived from
1211:
1205:
1199:
1193:
1186:
1180:
1174:
1168:
1162:
1156:
1155:
1150:. Archived from
1134:
1128:
1119:
1113:
1107:
1101:
1098:
1092:
1080:
971:The Great Gatsby
948:Phillis Wheatley
941:Gaudeamus igitur
667:Albinovanus Pedo
524:, who wrote the
501:; in Hungarian,
379:Battle of Actium
325:equestrian order
248:culture minister
222:
165:8 BC (age 59-60)
146:
132:
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
103:
69:"Gaius Maecenas"
62:
38:
30:
21:
2856:
2855:
2851:
2850:
2849:
2847:
2846:
2845:
2761:
2760:
2759:
2754:
2732:
2667:
2637:
2611:
2597:Piso Caesoninus
2569:
2518:
2492:
2442:
2416:
2389:
2343:
2315:
2287:
2261:Apollo Sosianus
2221:
2190:
2181:Tropaeum Alpium
2161:Macellum Liviae
2139:Campus Agrippae
2080:
2038:
2015:Cantabrian Wars
2001:
1921:
1861:
1860:Caesar Augustus
1846:
1841:
1767:
1738:
1726:Maecenas, Gaius
1724:, ed. (1911). "
1720:
1709:
1707:
1669:
1607:
1605:Primary sources
1602:
1597:
1596:
1581:
1580:
1576:
1563:
1562:
1558:
1551:
1527:
1526:
1522:
1501:
1500:
1496:
1448:
1444:
1436:
1432:
1424:
1420:
1415:
1411:
1404:
1400:
1395:Tac. Ann. XV.39
1393:
1389:
1382:
1378:
1369:
1367:
1358:
1357:
1353:
1346:
1342:
1333:
1329:
1317:
1312:
1311:
1307:
1280:
1276:
1264:
1263:
1259:
1254:
1250:
1245:
1241:
1236:
1232:
1214:
1212:
1208:
1200:
1196:
1187:
1183:
1175:
1171:
1163:
1159:
1141:
1135:
1131:
1120:
1116:
1108:
1104:
1099:
1095:
1081:
1077:
1072:
1063:Maecenas-Ehrung
1054:
1046:Youssef Kerkour
992:
882:
806:porta Esquilina
767:
745:
675:
560:Domitius Marsus
448:
419:
371:Sextus Pompeius
270:Expressions in
268:
258:, remaining of
149:
137:
126:
115:
109:
106:
63:
61:
55:
51:primary sources
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2854:
2852:
2844:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2771:Gaius Maecenas
2763:
2762:
2756:
2755:
2753:
2752:
2737:
2734:
2733:
2731:
2730:
2725:
2718:
2717:
2716:
2706:
2701:
2700:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2675:
2673:
2669:
2668:
2666:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2649:
2647:
2643:
2642:
2639:
2638:
2636:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2623:Julius Licinus
2619:
2617:
2613:
2612:
2610:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2588:
2586:
2579:
2575:
2574:
2571:
2570:
2568:
2567:
2566:(stepdaughter)
2561:
2555:
2549:
2543:
2533:
2526:
2524:
2520:
2519:
2517:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2500:
2498:
2494:
2493:
2491:
2490:
2484:
2478:
2472:
2466:
2463:Gaius Octavius
2459:
2457:
2450:
2444:
2443:
2441:
2440:
2438:Gaius Maecenas
2435:
2430:
2424:
2422:
2418:
2417:
2415:
2414:
2409:
2401:
2399:
2395:
2394:
2391:
2390:
2388:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2351:
2349:
2345:
2344:
2342:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2325:
2323:
2317:
2316:
2314:
2313:
2308:
2306:Aqua Alsietina
2303:
2297:
2295:
2289:
2288:
2286:
2285:
2284:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2229:
2227:
2223:
2222:
2220:
2219:
2214:
2212:Palazzo a Mare
2209:
2204:
2198:
2196:
2189:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2147:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2125:
2124:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2097:Campus Martius
2094:
2088:
2086:
2082:
2081:
2079:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2066:Coinage reform
2063:
2056:
2050:
2048:
2044:
2043:
2040:
2039:
2037:
2036:
2035:
2034:
2024:
2017:
2011:
2009:
2003:
2002:
2000:
1999:
1998:
1997:
1992:
1982:
1979:Bellum Siculum
1975:
1970:
1969:
1968:
1958:
1957:
1956:
1954:Forum Gallorum
1951:
1940:
1938:
1929:
1923:
1922:
1920:
1919:
1912:
1905:
1898:
1891:
1884:
1877:
1869:
1867:
1863:
1862:
1851:
1848:
1847:
1842:
1840:
1839:
1832:
1825:
1817:
1811:
1810:
1794:
1793:
1792:
1791:
1778:
1777:
1774:
1771:
1765:
1736:
1722:Chisholm, Hugh
1705:
1680:
1673:V. Gardthausen
1668:
1665:
1664:
1663:
1658:
1655:
1644:
1631:
1622:
1613:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1595:
1594:
1574:
1556:
1549:
1520:
1494:
1480:in Slovenian,
1442:
1440:1919, 35, 53.1
1430:
1418:
1409:
1398:
1387:
1376:
1351:
1340:
1327:
1305:
1274:
1257:
1248:
1239:
1230:
1226:on 5 May 2013.
1206:
1194:
1181:
1169:
1157:
1154:on 2010-04-01.
1129:
1114:
1102:
1093:
1074:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1067:
1066:
1060:
1053:
1050:
991:
990:In other media
988:
881:
878:
779:Esquiline Hill
775:Persian garden
763:Main article:
744:
741:
674:
671:
515:Edmund Spenser
485:; in Spanish,
481:; in Italian,
447:
441:
436:Odes of Horace
418:
415:
267:
264:
210:
209:
204:
200:
199:
189:
188:Known for
185:
184:
181:
177:
176:
171:
167:
166:
163:
159:
158:
157:13 April 68 BC
155:
151:
150:
147:
139:
138:
135:
128:
127:
110:September 2021
42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2853:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2768:
2766:
2751:
2750:
2746:
2739:
2738:
2735:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2723:
2719:
2715:
2712:
2711:
2710:
2709:Imperial cult
2707:
2705:
2702:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2679:
2677:
2676:
2674:
2670:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2650:
2648:
2644:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2620:
2618:
2614:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2589:
2587:
2583:
2580:
2576:
2565:
2562:
2559:
2556:
2553:
2550:
2547:
2544:
2541:
2537:
2534:
2531:
2528:
2527:
2525:
2521:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2501:
2499:
2495:
2488:
2485:
2482:
2479:
2476:
2473:
2470:
2469:Julius Caesar
2467:
2464:
2461:
2460:
2458:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2445:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2425:
2423:
2419:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2407:
2403:
2402:
2400:
2396:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2352:
2350:
2346:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2326:
2324:
2322:
2318:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2298:
2296:
2294:
2290:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2248:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2230:
2228:
2224:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2199:
2197:
2193:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2123:
2120:
2119:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2099:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2089:
2087:
2083:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2061:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2051:
2049:
2045:
2033:
2030:
2029:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2022:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2012:
2010:
2008:
2004:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1987:
1986:
1985:War of Actium
1983:
1981:
1980:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1967:
1964:
1963:
1962:
1959:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1946:
1945:
1944:War of Mutina
1942:
1941:
1939:
1937:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1924:
1918:
1917:
1913:
1911:
1910:
1909:Pater patriae
1906:
1904:
1903:
1899:
1897:
1896:
1892:
1890:
1889:
1885:
1883:
1882:
1878:
1876:
1875:
1871:
1870:
1868:
1864:
1859:
1855:
1849:
1845:
1838:
1833:
1831:
1826:
1824:
1819:
1818:
1815:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1795:
1789:
1785:
1782:
1781:
1780:
1779:
1775:
1772:
1768:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1747:(in French).
1746:
1742:
1737:
1733:
1732:
1727:
1723:
1718:
1717:public domain
1706:
1703:
1702:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1678:
1674:
1671:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1659:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1608:
1604:
1599:
1590:
1589:
1584:
1578:
1575:
1570:
1568:
1560:
1557:
1552:
1546:
1543:. p. 4.
1542:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1530:
1524:
1521:
1516:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1504:
1498:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1476:in Romanian,
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1446:
1443:
1439:
1434:
1431:
1427:
1422:
1419:
1413:
1410:
1407:
1406:Suet. Nero 38
1402:
1399:
1396:
1391:
1388:
1385:
1384:Suet. Tib. 15
1380:
1377:
1366:on 2011-07-21
1365:
1361:
1355:
1352:
1349:
1344:
1341:
1337:
1331:
1328:
1323:
1316:
1309:
1306:
1302:
1301:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1278:
1275:
1270:
1269:
1261:
1258:
1252:
1249:
1243:
1240:
1234:
1231:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1210:
1207:
1203:
1198:
1195:
1191:
1185:
1182:
1178:
1173:
1170:
1166:
1161:
1158:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1139:
1133:
1130:
1126:
1125:
1118:
1115:
1111:
1106:
1103:
1097:
1094:
1090:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1076:
1069:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1055:
1051:
1049:
1047:
1043:
1042:
1037:
1033:
1032:
1027:
1026:
1021:
1020:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
1002:
997:
989:
987:
985:
984:Nick Carraway
981:
977:
973:
972:
967:
962:
960:
955:
953:
949:
945:
943:
942:
937:
933:
929:
924:
922:
921:
916:
915:
909:
905:
904:
899:
891:
886:
879:
877:
875:
871:
867:
863:
858:
856:
852:
851:Palatine Hill
848:
844:
839:
837:
833:
829:
825:
821:
820:
815:
811:
807:
803:
798:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
766:
757:
749:
742:
740:
738:
734:
731:According to
729:
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
703:
702:
697:
696:
690:
688:
684:
680:
672:
670:
668:
664:
660:
656:
655:
649:
648:
644:
640:
636:
632:
627:
623:
618:
613:
611:
610:
605:
604:
599:
594:
590:
586:
582:
577:
573:
569:
563:
561:
557:
556:Valgius Rufus
553:
552:Plotius Tucca
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
528:
523:
518:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
493:; in Polish,
492:
489:; in German,
488:
484:
480:
476:
467:
460:
456:
452:
445:
442:
440:
438:
437:
432:
427:
425:
416:
414:
412:
408:
403:
394:
390:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
347:
345:
341:
337:
333:
328:
326:
322:
317:
315:
311:
307:
303:
302:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
265:
263:
261:
257:
253:
252:Roman emperor
249:
244:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
221:
216:
208:
205:
201:
198:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
175:
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
152:
145:
140:
133:
124:
121:
113:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
53:
52:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
2826:70 BC births
2747:
2740:
2720:
2658:Via Labicana
2633:Epaphroditus
2437:
2405:
2217:Villa Giulia
2134:Diribitorium
2129:Saepta Julia
2071:Bierzo Edict
2060:leges Juliae
2059:
2027:Germanic War
2020:
2007:Roman Empire
1977:
1973:Perusine War
1914:
1907:
1900:
1893:
1887:
1880:
1872:
1857:
1798:
1783:
1748:
1744:
1729:
1699:
1698:, 463 pp.),
1687:
1684:Emily Gowers
1676:
1650:
1641:
1637:
1628:
1619:
1586:
1577:
1566:
1559:
1539:. New York:
1537:
1532:
1523:
1517:. p. 9.
1513:. New York:
1511:
1506:
1497:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1472:in Italian,
1469:
1465:
1461:
1460:in Finnish,
1457:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1437:
1433:
1421:
1412:
1401:
1390:
1379:
1368:. Retrieved
1364:the original
1354:
1343:
1335:
1334:Duff, J. W.
1330:
1321:
1308:
1298:
1297:, 463 pp.),
1286:
1283:Emily Gowers
1277:
1267:
1260:
1251:
1242:
1233:
1224:the original
1219:
1209:
1201:
1197:
1189:
1184:
1176:
1172:
1165:Pro Cluentio
1164:
1160:
1152:the original
1147:
1137:
1132:
1122:
1117:
1105:
1100:ii. I, 25–30
1096:
1086:
1078:
1039:
1029:
1023:
1018:
1010:Alex Wyndham
999:
993:
980:J. P. Morgan
969:
963:
958:
956:
951:
946:
939:
925:
918:
912:
901:
895:
869:
861:
860:Whether the
859:
840:
836:Via Merulana
827:
823:
817:
801:
799:
783:Servian Wall
768:
730:
709:
706:De cultu suo
705:
699:
693:
691:
676:
652:
650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
630:
614:
607:
601:
592:
588:
564:
548:Varius Rufus
539:
535:
525:
519:
511:Laus Pisonis
510:
506:
502:
498:
497:; in Czech,
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
472:
458:
443:
434:
428:
420:
399:
348:
329:
318:
299:
269:
245:
214:
213:
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
44:
2831:8 BC deaths
2653:Prima Porta
2552:Nero Drusus
2339:Via Augusta
2176:Roman Agora
1902:Divi filius
1611:Dio Cassius
1503:Dewey, John
1468:in German,
1464:in French,
1058:Cilnia gens
959:Pan Mecenas
936:sponsorship
781:, atop the
771:Hellenistic
733:Dio Cassius
710:In Octaviam
446:(patronage)
411:Cassius Dio
344:Mark Antony
170:Nationality
2765:Categories
2663:Meroë Head
2602:Germanicus
2532:(daughter)
2428:Literature
2311:Aqua Julia
2301:Aqua Virgo
2266:Mars Ultor
2076:Propaganda
1995:Alexandria
1797:S. Lyons,
1766:2251600868
1600:References
1569:at Folger"
1458:mesenaatti
1456:in Dutch,
1452:in Greek,
1370:2011-02-07
1220:A.S. Kline
932:altruistic
898:John Dewey
890:Coole Park
864:bought by
787:necropolis
722:Quintilian
712:("Against
695:Prometheus
617:Propertius
598:third book
576:dilettante
544:Propertius
417:Reputation
383:conspiracy
375:vicegerent
272:Propertius
260:equestrian
80:newspapers
47:references
2697:Barcelona
2646:Portraits
2607:Marcellus
2560:(adopted)
2554:(stepson)
2548:(adopted)
2542:(adopted)
2514:Scribonia
2293:Aqueducts
2233:Ara Pacis
2112:Mausoleum
2085:Buildings
2032:Teutoburg
1895:Imperator
1858:Imperator
1625:Suetonius
1255:ii. 17. a
1179:iii. 8, 5
1148:Arachnion
1121:Tacitus,
1006:Enobarbus
968:'s novel
928:patronage
908:patronage
892:, Ireland
737:shorthand
701:Symposium
647:Epistles.
622:affection
444:Maecenate
402:Suetonius
336:Scribonia
2776:Augustus
2749:Category
2616:Freedmen
2592:Agrippa
2585:Generals
2564:Cornelia
2558:Tiberius
2523:Children
2489:(sister)
2483:(sister)
2477:(mother)
2465:(father)
2276:Augustus
2247:Temples
2238:Pantheon
1966:Philippi
1881:Augustus
1874:Princeps
1854:Octavian
1844:Augustus
1629:Augustus
1541:Scribner
1531:(1925).
1505:(1934).
1470:mecenate
1454:mecenaat
1450:μαικήνας
1202:Augustus
1188:Horace,
1138:Maecenas
1052:See also
998:'s play
853:via his
843:Tiberius
791:terraces
661:to him.
639:Georgics
635:Epistles
606:and the
593:Georgics
591:and the
589:Eclogues
527:Georgics
483:mecenate
314:cognomen
296:Arretium
288:Etruscan
280:Philippi
229:Augustus
225:Octavian
207:Terentia
193:Octavian
18:Maecenas
2504:Claudia
2421:Culture
2195:Palaces
2122:obelisk
1788:Teubner
1719::
1651:Satires
1642:Scholia
1616:Tacitus
1490:меценат
1486:mecénás
1482:mecenas
1474:mecenat
1462:mécénat
1237:liv. 19
1192:, i. 5.
1190:Satires
1091:, IV 11
830:. The "
714:Octavia
659:elegies
631:Satires
603:Satires
585:majesty
572:Juvenal
568:Martial
507:меценат
503:mécenás
499:mecenáš
495:mecenas
487:mecenas
424:Lepidus
332:emperor
306:Tacitus
284:Perugia
250:to the
183:40–8 BC
94:scholar
2687:Athens
2672:Legacy
2578:Circle
2540:Lucius
2538:&
2448:Family
2380:Rimini
2370:Orange
2251:Caesar
1990:battle
1949:battle
1888:Caesar
1866:Titles
1805:
1763:
1751:(86).
1713:
1694:
1647:Horace
1634:Horace
1620:Annals
1547:
1293:
1246:ii. 88
1127:6. 11.
1124:Annals
1083:Horace
1041:Domina
880:Legacy
866:Fronto
720:, and
718:Seneca
663:Virgil
609:Epodes
558:, and
532:Horace
522:Virgil
479:mécène
475:eponym
461:, 1890
355:Virgil
321:Cicero
292:Cilnii
282:, and
276:Mutina
262:rank.
256:Senate
241:eponym
237:Virgil
233:Horace
203:Spouse
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
2536:Gaius
2530:Julia
2509:Livia
2497:Wives
2398:Works
2355:Aosta
2348:Archs
2321:Roads
1640:with
1478:mecen
1466:Mäzen
1318:(PDF)
1112:x. 3.
1070:Notes
1031:Plebs
976:Midas
934:than
726:style
687:judge
679:prose
673:Works
626:charm
581:glory
491:Mäzen
363:Nerva
310:nomen
174:Roman
101:JSTOR
87:books
2692:Nola
2682:Rome
2475:Atia
2385:Susa
2375:Rome
2365:Fano
2360:Berà
1856:) ·
1803:ISBN
1761:ISBN
1692:ISBN
1638:Odes
1588:IMDb
1545:ISBN
1291:ISBN
1204:, 66
1177:Odes
1167:, 56
1110:Livy
1088:Odes
1019:Rome
978:and
847:Nero
828:ager
802:ager
657:are
643:Odes
633:and
583:and
570:and
540:Odes
536:Odes
353:and
301:Odes
266:Life
235:and
162:Died
154:Born
73:news
1753:doi
1728:".
1036:ITV
1034:on
1014:HBO
964:In
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385:of
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