603:
813:
20:
611:
45:
785:, reared in huge hundred litre tanks, fed with nearby-cultured micro algae and the nauplii would be constantly filtered out, leaving the adults and copepodites (teenagers) inside the mass culture vessels. These naulpii would be introduced to the larval rearing tanks where the larvae preferentially eat the nauplii. Reasons for
654:
used for swimming and food collection and up to five pairs of specialized ‘‘swimming legs’’ allocated for jumping, nauplii have only three pairs of appendages to be used for motion and feeding. Therefore, the kinematics of nauplii is different from that of adults. They have a swimming-by-jumping
927:
Handschumacher, L., Steinarsdóttir, M. B., Edmands, S., & Ingólfsson, A. (2010). Phylogeography of the rock-pool copepod
Tigriopus brevicornis (Harpacticoida) in the northern North Atlantic, and its relationship to other species of the genus. Marine Biology, 157(6), 1357–1366.
943:
McAllen, R. J., Taylor, A. C., & Davenport, J. (1998). Osmotic and body density response in the
Harpacticoid copepod Tigriopus brevicornis in supralittoral rock pools. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 78(04), 1143–1153. Retrieved from
1099:
Støttrup, J. G. (2006). A Review on the Status and
Progress in Rearing Copepods for Marine Larviculture . Advantages and Disadvantages . Among Calanoid , Harpacticoid and Cyclopoid Copepods. Avances En Nutrición Acuícola VIII, (October),
985:
Raisuddin, S., Kwok, K. W. H., Leung, K. M. Y., Schlenk, D., & Lee, J. S. (2007). The copepod
Tigriopus: A promising marine model organism for ecotoxicology and environmental genomics. Aquatic Toxicology, 83(3), 161–173.
308:. Temperatures in supratidal splash pools tend to track air temperatures more closely than ocean temperatures as they are often extremely shallow (only a few cm deep to a few meters deep). Salinity also changes as the pools
956:
Davenport, J., Healy, A., Casey, N., & Heffron, J. J. a. (2004). Diet-dependent UVAR and UVBR resistance in the high shore harpacticoid copepod
Tigriopus brevicornis. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 276(1), 299–303.
969:
McAllen, R. (1999). Enteromorpha intestinalis-a refuge for the supralittoral rockpool harpacticoid copepod
Tigriopus brevicornis. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 79(6), 1125–1126.
1149:
Olivotto, I., Tokle, N. E., Nozzi, V., Cossignani, L., & Carnevali, O. (2010). Preserved copepods as a new technology for the marine ornamental fish aquaculture: A feeding study. Aquaculture, 308(3-4), 124–131.
692:
are high or when food availability is low. Speculation concerning the females' ability to recognise their own young and therefore not eat them is no longer supported, as more recent studies have indicated that this
901:
Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection
Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp.
1086:
Gallucci, F., & Ólafsson, E. (2007). Cannibalistic behaviour of rock-pool copepods: An experimental approach for space, food and kinship. Journal of
Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 342(2), 325–331.
911:
Theilacker, G. H., & Kimball, a. S. (1984). Comparative quality of rotifers and copepods as foods for larval fishes. California
Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations Reports, 25(August 1983), 80–86.
1109:
Drillet, G., Frouël, S., Sichlau, M. H., Jepsen, P. M., Højgaard, J. K., Joardeer, A. K., & Hansen, B. W. (2011). Status and recommendations on marine copepod cultivation for use as live feed. Aquaculture.
667:
they are feeding on, and this may hinder their motility even further. An interesting trait of some nauplii is to beat their appendages while being stationary, which results in the creation of a strong feeding
1046:
De Troch, M., Chepurnov, V. a., Vincx, M., & Ólafsson, E. (2008). The effect of Fucus vesiculosus on the grazing of harpacticoid copepods on diatom biofilms. Journal of Sea
Research, 60(3), 139–143.
485:
that they can become isolated from the coastal water and neighbouring pools for long periods of time. From this, scientists have speculated whether these neighbouring pools actually have different
888:
Walter, T. Chad (2015). Tigriopus brevicornis (Müller O.F., 1776). In: Walter, T.C. & Boxshall, G. (2015). World of Copepods database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at
857:. This HUFA content can be maintained even after the individual has been frozen at -80 degrees Celsius and processed into a commercial paste to maximise transport potential and shelf life.
1022:
Altermatt, F., Bieger, A., & Morgan, S. (2012). Habitat characteristics and metapopulation dynamics of the copepod Tigriopus californicus. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 468, 85–93.
1137:
Ajiboye, O., Yakubu, A. F., Adams, T. E., Olaji, E. D., & Nwogu, N. A. (2011). A review of the use of copepods in marine fish larviculture. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries.
998:
Van Wormhoudt, A. (2015). Seasonal and Cyclical Changes in Genetic Composition of the Marine Intertidal Rock Pool Copepod Tigriopus brevicornis. Biochemical Genetics, 53(4-6), 79–92.
277:. These splash pools occur several metres above the high tide mark, isolated from the main coastal water as a microenvironment that can vary dramatically in chemical factors such as
513:
ability is usually less impaired. This extremely restricted dispersal has perplexed researchers, as phylogeographical studies have shown that despite this, distant relatives of
602:
1406:
1275:
23:
Microscope image of a living male Atlantic copepod T.brevicornis. Note the single naupliar eye and the green intestinal region from the main diet of micro algae.
1314:
1010:
Johnson, M. P. (2001). Metapopulation dynamics of Tigriopus brevicornis (Harpacticoida) in intertidal rock pools. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 211, 215–224.
525:
areas within the last 12 to 15 thousand years. A 1 mm long copepod somehow managed to traverse the Atlantic Ocean in the past - over 4000 kilometres.
1391:
1059:
Andersen Borg, C. M., Bruno, E., & Kiørboe, T. (2012). The Kinematics of Swimming and Relocation Jumps in Copepod Nauplii. PLoS ONE, 7(10), 33–35.
655:
propulsion mode, with alternating power and recovery strokes of three pairs of cephalic appendages. This is fundamentally different from the way other
1262:
647:, and has been noted to spend prolonged amounts of time in the water column of experimental mesocosms. While copepodites (adults) have six pairs of
1288:
672:
that is about 10 times faster than the average translation speed of the nauplius. More efficient feeding is a result of this clever adaptation.
1396:
1125:
Støttrup, J. G. (2000). The elusive copepods: Their production and suitability in marine aquaculture. Aquaculture Research, 31(8-9), 703–711.
1327:
333:
816:
Scanning image of a Western Irish population of Tigriopus brevicornis. After death, the Orange pigment Astaxanthin becomes intensified.
1223:
812:
1071:
Bruno, E., Andersen Borg, C. M., & Kiørboe, T. (2012). Prey Detection and Prey Capture in Copepod Nauplii. PLoS ONE, 7(10), 1–8.
834:
Cheap and versatile feeding due to their generalistic feeding habits - they have the ability to transform simple sugars into complex
348:
1034:
Fraser, J.H., 1936. The occurrence, ecology and life history of Tigriopus fulvus (Fischer). J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K. 20, 523–536.
1353:
606:
Different developmental stages of the marine harpacticoid copepod Tigriopus brevicornis and a mating pair - Male grasping female.
202:
pools along the North Western European coastline. A broad range of studies have been carried out on this species, including: its
19:
324:
is synthesised by the organism as an aid against UVAR and UVBR radiation from the sun, as rock pools can be quite exposed to
1293:
1301:
414:
may be a key explanation in how this species can live and thrive in such an environment as extreme and as variable as the
387:
725:
1197:
831:
only occurs by adults on the first two naupliar stages, which can be avoided by the aforementioned filtration system.
1241:
1319:
44:
1254:
750:
and many other copepod species have been analysed for their effectiveness as a live feed in marine larviculture (
623:
Studies on different behavioural traits of this species has been useful for understanding how it survives in its
294:
1386:
1165:
777:, these larvae can develop growth defects and malpigmentation can also occur. Copepods are rich in Highly
592:
226:
781:
Fatty Acids (HUFAs) which are essential for optimal fish larvae growth and development. The copepod is a
1202:
861:
828:
762:
537:
341:
222:
139:
1401:
1358:
782:
510:
889:
739:
tanks, these copepods were further researched as a potential live feed for larviculture thereafter.
445:
taxa and approximately 12,000 species of copepods have been described. They are one of the dominant
394:
pools completely dry out. Several hundred individuals can be found in a single strand of the hollow
822:
821:
Nauplii and adults swim in the water column, except the first two naupliar stages who crawl on the
664:
498:
312:
or fill up (from 0-150 PSU) as the pools receive freshwater inputs from rain (especially so in the
270:
804:
They can reach high population growth rates (independent of high densities) with relatively short
1345:
843:
689:
161:
39:
757:). Essentially, the larval stage of most fish and crustaceans is the most important for healthy
1280:
610:
591:
females are easily identifiable by the presence of a large dark egg sac attached to their hind
1381:
1210:
685:
581:
549:
545:
541:
454:
403:
395:
379:
371:
544:(copepod baby) stages, 5 copepodid (teenage) stages and an adult stage. Animals are sexually
839:
716:
would be highly unlikely given their huge energy investment in producing so many offspring.
945:
556:-guarding behaviour to secure a potential mate, where they grasp females before the actual
850:
778:
751:
697:
669:
415:
313:
298:
347:
Within the pools, these relatively small (~1 mm long adult) organisms can thrive as
406:
spp. aren't present in splash pools and conditions are getting too dry, the copepod can
1249:
1236:
913:
506:
502:
215:
211:
192:
1375:
713:
709:
585:
553:
470:
462:
458:
422:
378:
take advantage of the algae's hollow nature and are known to dwell within the actual
359:
329:
305:
274:
234:
106:
96:
1151:
1111:
1215:
1126:
770:
766:
729:
363:
269:
in the north. Sometimes it can be found below the high tide mark however, like in
599:
females have varying numbers of egg sacs attached posteriorly (see image below).
1340:
1306:
987:
835:
758:
754:
736:
565:
450:
399:
383:
325:
321:
317:
282:
266:
242:
1188:
1072:
1060:
1048:
1088:
854:
805:
522:
518:
486:
442:
411:
302:
207:
1228:
1138:
999:
971:
929:
808:
times (~ 3 to 4 weeks) all of which can be attained in mass culture systems.
694:
651:
624:
573:
569:
494:
465:
levels. Harpacticoids also play an important role in the marine meiobenthic
391:
309:
297:
conditions (factors that limit predators such as fish to lower pools in the
199:
116:
76:
56:
1182:
656:
648:
644:
577:
548:
and males are usually slightly smaller than females, possessing enlarged
489:
of copepods, and found that some pools only metres apart may never share
466:
438:
367:
278:
258:
218:
1267:
865:
774:
733:
636:
580:
developed sequentially after a single mating with brood sizes of 30–50
434:
410:
down where the loose sandstone still holds moisture. These behavioural
355:
351:
337:
262:
254:
203:
195:
86:
659:
move, and the propulsion efficiency of the nauplii is low. Very early
1011:
958:
724:
Given the species' high natural abundances and their occurrence as a
557:
407:
286:
238:
66:
1159:
1023:
614:
T. brevicornis female with characteristic single posterior egg sac.
811:
798:
609:
601:
561:
490:
482:
446:
426:
189:
18:
890:
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=116183
1332:
1163:
257:
is found in high shore splash pools on coastlines ranging from
560:
event. Mating pairs will stay attached for several hours, and
684:
have been shown to eat the first two developmental stages of
540:, with 12 distinctive post-embryonic developmental stages; 6
497:. The upper shore rock pool mosaic with interspersed copepod
336:
Fatty Acids (HUFAs) allow them to synthesise this protective
398:, where they can survive weeks longer compared to natural
769:. When the fish larvae are fed with traditional feeds of
946:
http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S0025315400044386
552:. These antennules are used to perform a characteristic
1121:
1119:
914:
https://swfsc.noaa.gov/publications/CR/1984/8491.PDF
517:
were capable of occasional long distance transport,
198:. They are a dominant member of shallow supra tidal
1172:
981:
979:
939:
937:
477:
Phylogeography, Metapopulation and Genetics studies
382:of the green macroalga. Especially during times of
273:, where it was found at depths of 10 metres in the
1082:
1080:
1042:
1040:
923:
921:
864:allows the species to be grown in many different
481:Supratidal splash pools are often so high on the
237:studies and has been trialled as a live feed for
1152:http://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2010.08.033
1112:http://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2011.02.027
884:
882:
16:Coastal marine copepod from north western Europe
1127:http://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2109.2000.00488.x
370:biofilms covering the dominant rock pool alga;
289:levels over relatively short temporal scales.
789:s effectiveness as a live feed are numerous:
704:. This is further supported by the fact that
8:
988:http://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2007.04.005
453:communities representing 70% of the ocean’s
1073:http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0047906
1061:http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0047486
1049:http://doi.org/10.1016/j.seares.2008.05.005
712:of eggs per year, and any form of parental
441:importance. Copepoda is the second largest
1160:
1089:http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2006.11.004
366:phytoplankton present in the water and on
293:has the ability to survive these variable
28:
1139:http://doi.org/10.1007/s11160-010-9169-3
1000:http://doi.org/10.1007/s10528-015-9674-0
972:http://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315499001393
930:http://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-010-1415-7
564:is stored in a special organ known as a
457:and thus the principal link between the
362:on the rock pool bed. They also feed on
316:) and saltwater from wave action during
878:
793:They have a generally short body size (
245:-based studies for the past 30 years.
663:naupliar stages tend to crawl on the
7:
1255:28961759-b0e4-477f-8b69-d6d13299da32
797:for adults and nauplii are ~75
765:into an economically feasible human
639:copepod, this particular species of
320:or storm surges. The orange pigment
1407:Taxa named by Otto Friedrich Müller
14:
1392:Crustaceans of the Atlantic Ocean
1012:http://doi.org/10.3354/meps211215
959:http://doi.org/10.3354/meps276299
842:to fruit juice to any formulated
505:. This is a rare occurrence in a
374:. Aside from a feeding platform,
1024:http://doi.org/10.3354/meps09994
700:does not exist within the genus
301:) and as a result is known as a
43:
868:and locations around the globe.
386:, the thallus provides a moist
354:foragers, feeding primarily on
233:has also recently been used in
838:. They will eat anything from
1:
1397:Crustaceans described in 1776
853:Fatty Acids (HUFAs) when fed
253:This species of harpacticoid
688:(N1 and N2) when population
536:undergoes several stages of
529:Reproduction and Development
469:web, especially as food for
358:of phytoplankton and other
1423:
572:and usually bear multiple
372:Enteromorpha intestinalis
344:to radiation year-round.
167:
160:
145:
138:
40:Scientific classification
38:
31:
849:Rich presence of Highly
328:. The copepod's diet of
433:belong to the subclass
429:Tigriopus Norman 1868,
332:who are rich in Highly
249:Environment and Ecology
817:
708:produce several large
635:Although classed as a
615:
607:
227:reproductive behaviour
24:
1174:Tigriopus brevicornis
815:
613:
605:
568:. Females are highly
390:for the copepod when
185:Tigriopus brevicornis
149:Tigriopus brevicornis
33:Tigriopus brevicornis
22:
1250:Fauna Europaea (new)
787:T. brevicornis'
631:Swimming and Feeding
748:T. brevicornis
706:T. brevicornis
682:T. brevicornis
661:T. brevicornis
589:T. brevicornis
534:T. brevicornis
515:T. brevicornis
431:T. brevicornis
376:T. brevicornis
291:T. brevicornis
171:Cyclops brevicornis
155:(Müller O.F., 1776)
131:T. brevicornis
818:
616:
608:
501:therefore forms a
25:
1369:
1368:
1166:Taxon identifiers
437:which is of high
181:
180:
175:
174:Müller O.F., 1776
1414:
1362:
1361:
1349:
1348:
1336:
1335:
1323:
1322:
1310:
1309:
1307:NHMSYS0021051677
1297:
1296:
1284:
1283:
1271:
1270:
1258:
1257:
1245:
1244:
1232:
1231:
1219:
1218:
1206:
1205:
1193:
1192:
1191:
1161:
1154:
1147:
1141:
1135:
1129:
1123:
1114:
1107:
1101:
1097:
1091:
1084:
1075:
1069:
1063:
1057:
1051:
1044:
1035:
1032:
1026:
1020:
1014:
1008:
1002:
996:
990:
983:
974:
967:
961:
954:
948:
941:
932:
925:
916:
909:
903:
899:
893:
886:
796:
728:species in some
643:is surprisingly
425:copepods of the
340:, granting them
261:in the south to
173:
151:
48:
47:
29:
1422:
1421:
1417:
1416:
1415:
1413:
1412:
1411:
1372:
1371:
1370:
1365:
1357:
1352:
1344:
1339:
1331:
1326:
1318:
1313:
1305:
1300:
1292:
1287:
1279:
1274:
1266:
1261:
1253:
1248:
1240:
1235:
1227:
1222:
1214:
1209:
1201:
1196:
1187:
1186:
1181:
1168:
1158:
1157:
1148:
1144:
1136:
1132:
1124:
1117:
1108:
1104:
1098:
1094:
1085:
1078:
1070:
1066:
1058:
1054:
1045:
1038:
1033:
1029:
1021:
1017:
1009:
1005:
997:
993:
984:
977:
968:
964:
955:
951:
942:
935:
926:
919:
910:
906:
900:
896:
887:
880:
875:
860:Extreme stress
794:
745:
722:
678:
633:
621:
531:
479:
314:West of Ireland
299:intertidal zone
251:
156:
153:
147:
134:
42:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1420:
1418:
1410:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1374:
1373:
1367:
1366:
1364:
1363:
1350:
1337:
1324:
1311:
1298:
1285:
1272:
1259:
1246:
1237:Fauna Europaea
1233:
1220:
1207:
1194:
1178:
1176:
1170:
1169:
1164:
1156:
1155:
1142:
1130:
1115:
1102:
1092:
1076:
1064:
1052:
1036:
1027:
1015:
1003:
991:
975:
962:
949:
933:
917:
904:
894:
877:
876:
874:
871:
870:
869:
858:
847:
832:
826:
810:
809:
802:
744:
741:
721:
718:
677:
674:
632:
629:
620:
617:
597:Tigriopus spp.
530:
527:
509:system, where
503:metapopulation
495:cross breeding
478:
475:
250:
247:
231:T. brevicornis
216:metapopulation
212:phylogeography
179:
178:
177:
176:
165:
164:
158:
157:
154:
143:
142:
136:
135:
128:
126:
122:
121:
114:
110:
109:
104:
100:
99:
94:
90:
89:
84:
80:
79:
74:
70:
69:
64:
60:
59:
54:
50:
49:
36:
35:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1419:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1387:Harpacticoida
1385:
1383:
1380:
1379:
1377:
1360:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1199:
1195:
1190:
1184:
1180:
1179:
1177:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1162:
1153:
1146:
1143:
1140:
1134:
1131:
1128:
1122:
1120:
1116:
1113:
1106:
1103:
1096:
1093:
1090:
1083:
1081:
1077:
1074:
1068:
1065:
1062:
1056:
1053:
1050:
1043:
1041:
1037:
1031:
1028:
1025:
1019:
1016:
1013:
1007:
1004:
1001:
995:
992:
989:
982:
980:
976:
973:
966:
963:
960:
953:
950:
947:
940:
938:
934:
931:
924:
922:
918:
915:
908:
905:
898:
895:
892:on 2015-12-03
891:
885:
883:
879:
872:
867:
863:
859:
856:
852:
848:
845:
841:
840:baker's yeast
837:
833:
830:
827:
824:
820:
819:
814:
807:
803:
800:
792:
791:
790:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
764:
760:
756:
753:
749:
742:
740:
738:
735:
731:
727:
719:
717:
715:
711:
707:
703:
699:
696:
691:
687:
683:
675:
673:
671:
666:
662:
658:
657:microplankton
653:
650:
646:
642:
638:
630:
628:
627:environment.
626:
618:
612:
604:
600:
598:
594:
590:
587:
583:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
528:
526:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
476:
474:
472:
468:
464:
460:
459:phytoplankton
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
419:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
350:
345:
343:
339:
335:
331:
330:phytoplankton
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
306:osmoconformer
304:
300:
296:
295:environmental
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
248:
246:
244:
240:
236:
235:ecotoxicology
232:
228:
224:
220:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
194:
191:
187:
186:
172:
169:
168:
166:
163:
159:
152:
150:
144:
141:
140:Binomial name
137:
133:
132:
127:
124:
123:
120:
119:
115:
112:
111:
108:
107:Harpacticidae
105:
102:
101:
98:
97:Harpacticoida
95:
92:
91:
88:
85:
82:
81:
78:
75:
72:
71:
68:
65:
62:
61:
58:
55:
52:
51:
46:
41:
37:
34:
30:
27:
21:
1173:
1145:
1133:
1105:
1095:
1067:
1055:
1030:
1018:
1006:
994:
965:
952:
907:
897:
836:biomolecules
786:
747:
746:
723:
720:Applications
705:
701:
681:
679:
660:
640:
634:
622:
596:
588:
533:
532:
514:
480:
430:
423:Harpacticoid
421:Part of the
420:
404:Enteromorpha
402:. Even when
375:
346:
318:spring tides
290:
252:
230:
184:
183:
182:
170:
148:
146:
130:
129:
117:
32:
26:
1402:Maxillopoda
1341:SeaLifeBase
851:Unsaturated
829:Cannibalism
779:Unsaturated
763:development
755:aquaculture
743:Aquaculture
737:aquaculture
698:recognition
676:Cannibalism
566:spermatheca
538:development
499:communities
487:populations
461:and higher
451:zooplankton
449:in aquatic
412:adaptations
400:desiccation
384:desiccation
334:Unsaturated
326:desiccation
322:Astaxanthin
283:temperature
267:Nova Scotia
243:aquaculture
241:in several
223:development
1376:Categories
873:References
866:conditions
855:microalgae
823:substratum
806:generation
773:shrimp or
652:appendages
586:Fertilised
550:antennules
523:geographic
519:colonising
443:Crustacean
439:ecological
416:supratidal
349:generalist
303:euryhaline
208:physiology
77:Arthropoda
862:tolerance
844:fish feed
795:< 1 mm
767:commodity
732:shrimp /
702:Tigriopus
690:densities
665:substrate
641:Tigriopus
619:Behaviour
546:dimorphic
511:dispersal
483:shoreline
368:epiphytic
342:tolerance
310:evaporate
125:Species:
118:Tigriopus
63:Kingdom:
57:Eukaryota
1382:Copepods
1281:10543396
1189:Q6562283
1183:Wikidata
775:rotifers
726:nuisance
649:cephalic
595:. Other
542:naupliar
493:through
471:juvenile
435:Copepoda
388:refugium
360:microbes
356:biofilms
279:salinity
275:subtidal
259:Portugal
219:genetics
162:Synonyms
103:Family:
87:Copepoda
73:Phylum:
67:Animalia
53:Domain:
1268:2111128
902:268-280
783:product
734:rotifer
686:nauplii
670:current
637:benthic
625:extreme
593:segment
582:nauplii
463:trophic
455:biomass
396:seaweed
380:thallus
364:pelagic
352:benthic
338:protein
263:Iceland
255:copepod
204:ecology
196:copepod
190:coastal
113:Genus:
93:Order:
83:Class:
1359:116183
1333:116183
1320:272819
1242:238249
759:growth
752:larvae
710:broods
680:Adult
645:motile
574:broods
570:fecund
558:mating
521:large
507:marine
473:fish.
408:burrow
287:oxygen
271:Sweden
239:larvae
193:marine
1354:WoRMS
1346:28623
1294:86378
1276:IRMNG
1229:36183
1224:EUNIS
1216:56W5P
1203:80957
1100:62–83
771:brine
730:brine
562:sperm
491:genes
427:genus
188:is a
1328:OBIS
1315:NCBI
1289:ITIS
1263:GBIF
1198:BOLD
761:and
714:care
578:eggs
554:mate
467:food
447:taxa
392:rock
285:and
265:and
225:and
200:rock
1302:NBN
1211:CoL
695:kin
576:of
1378::
1356::
1343::
1330::
1317::
1304::
1291::
1278::
1265::
1252::
1239::
1226::
1213::
1200::
1185::
1118:^
1079:^
1039:^
978:^
936:^
920:^
881:^
801:).
799:μm
584:.
418:.
281:,
229:.
221:,
214:,
210:,
206:,
846:.
825:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
