Tiiu Märss - Knowledge (XXG)

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the nature conservation laws of Estonia. This proposal was not realized but the descriptions of objects were used in the Estonian Primeval Nature Book. She compiled identification cards for more than 40 Saaremaa cliffs and outcrops important for the Silurian palaeontology and stratigraphy, representing type sections of certain stratigraphic units and sites of special fossils. The descriptions of the bedrock objects (cliffs, outcrops) of the Primeval Nature Book have been entered in the Estonian Nature Information System (EELIS).

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pleuronectiforms. Later, however, they focused on a comparative study of fish teeth and gill-rakers, which have very different morphologies in different taxa and are valuable in characterizing species but could also be used in establishing new ones. Märss has started similar research also on clupeiforms. With such work she laid the foundation of microichthyological studies in Estonia.

66: 25: 744:) and the results of isotope studies to solve the stratigraphical issues. In addition to fossil distribution in the Silurian and Lower Devonian, the carbon isotope curves of geological sections of these islands were compared with those of the Baltic and the Central Ural ones, similar curve patterns were found, and these distant sections were correlated. 539:. Her interest in fossil vertebrates arose and deepened through the geology projects of undergraduate students (1967, 1969), graduation (diploma) work (1970) at Tartu State University and in studies for the Candidate of Sciences thesis (PhD) in the Institute of Geology (1983). Her research has enriched knowledge on early vertebrate 812:

with the proposition of establishing the Silurian Reef Belt Protection Area on the northern coast of the western Estonian islands. She was of the opinion that the extensive and unique reef zone of the Early Silurian Jaagarahu Age described by E. Klaamann and R. Einasto deserved to be protected under

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Märss has devoted great attention to the use of agnathans and fish scales in the subdivision and correlation of sedimentary rocks of the Silurian sea basins. As the author of the Regional Vertebrate Biozonal Scheme , she initiated the creation of the Global Silurian Vertebrate Biozonal Scheme , which

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She has also obtained Silurian and Lower Devonian rock samples and vertebrate material during her shorter trips, mainly to the international geological meetings in Komi in Russia, Gotland Island and Skåne region of Sweden, Ringerike area of Norway, Holy Cross Mountains of Poland, Bohemia in Czechia,

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in the Palaeobaltic Sea, she used the material from Himmiste-Kuigu quarry collected by A. Luha in 1929. Together with lithologists, she found out that a shoal of thelodonts died in a shallow depression on the bottom of the lagoon behind the reef belt towards the land; the depression acted as a trap

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24. Märss, T., Wilson, M. V. H., & Thorsteinsson, R. 2002. New thelodont (Agnatha) and possible chondrichthyan (Gnathostomata) taxa established in the Silurian and Lower Devonian of Arctic Canada. Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences. Geology, 51, 88–120. doi:10.3176/geol.2002.2.02

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32. Wilson, M. V. H., Hanke, G. F., & Märss, T. 2007. Paired fins of jawless vertebrates and their homologies across the "agnathan"-gnathostome transition, pp. 122–149 in Anderson, J. S., & Sues, H.-D. (eds.). Major Transitions in Vertebrate Evolution, 432 p. Indiana University

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18. Märss, T., Caldwell, M., Gagnier, P.-Y., Goujet, D., Martma, T., Männik, P., & Wilson, M. 1998. Distribution of Silurian and Lower Devonian vertebrate microremains and conodonts in the Baillie-Hamilton and Cornwallis Island sections, Arctic Canada. Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of

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Relying on the sedimentary rock material from outcrops and numerous drill cores, Märss has proved that most of the known Silurian agnathans and fish dwelled in marine environments, refuting the widespread opinion of their freshwater habitats. In order to study the unique burial and preservation

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She has been active in the following international projects on early vertebrates: 1990–1995, leader of the Silurian Working Group of the International Geoscience Programme (IGCP) Project 328 ‘Palaeozoic microvertebrates’; 1996–2000, co-leader of the IGCP Project 406 ‘Circum-Arctic Lower-Middle

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and senior technician; 1970–1973, engineer; 1976–1985, junior scientist; 1985–2006, 2009–2013, senior scientist; 2006–2007 leading scientist; 2008, extraordinary senior scientist; 2014–2015, palaeontology specialist working on palaeontological collections. During 1980–1986, she lectured on

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39. Kaljo, D., Kiipli, T., & Martma, T. 1998. Correlation of carbon isotope events and environmental cyclicity in the East Baltic Silurian. Silurian cycles. Linkages of dynamic stratigraphy with atmospheric, oceanic, and tectonic changes. New York State Museum Bulletin, 491, 297–312.

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have studied modern fishes from the Baltic Sea with initial interest in comparing their small ossicles with skeletal elements of fossil fish. They started in 2008 with examining the morphology and sculpture of scales and their modifications in Baltic scorpaeniforms, gasterosteiforms and

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has since been widely used in the biostratigraphic works of many authors. She proved that new vertebrate taxa appeared during the transgressive phases of the development of the Palaeobaltic Sea and identified the levels of bioevents in the distribution of Silurian vertebrates.

653:. On the basis of the morphological and histological features, as well as the sculpture of the exoskeletal elements (shields, plates, tesserae, scales, etc.), two new Silurian vertebrate faunas have been identified, one in the Canadian Arctic islands and the other in the 1029:

21. Märss, T. 2002. Thelodonts and eustatic sea-level changes. In: Yushkin, N. P., Tsyganko, V. S., & Männik, P. (eds). Geology of the Devonian System. Proceedings of the International Symposium, Syktyvkar, Komi Republic, 9–12 July 2002. Geoprint, Syktyvkar, 100–102.

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Following the research methodology employed in Estonia , Märss was the first among the international geologists investigating the Canadian Arctic islands (Baillie-Hamilton and Cornwallis) to simultaneously use the distribution data of several faunal groups (fishes,

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16. Märss, T., Fredholm, D., Talimaa, V., Turner, S., Jeppsson, L., & Nowlan, G. 1995. Silurian Vertebrate Biozonal Scheme. In: Lelièvre, H., Wenz, S., Blieck, A., & Cloutier, R. (eds). Premiers Vertébrés et Vertébrés Inferieurs. Geobios, M. S., 369–372.

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For the time, experts of other faunal groups and lithologists were involved in studies of various aspects of vertebrates (see the list of publications). Nearly 200 scientific papers have been published, including three monographs and four monographic papers.

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11. Märss, T. 1982a. Vertebrate zones in the East Baltic Silurian. In: Kaljo, D. & Klaamann, E. (eds). Ecostratigraphy of the East Baltic Silurian. Tallinn, Valgus, 97–106. https://paleoarchive.com/literature/Marss1982-VertebrateZonesBalticSilurian.pdf

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31. Märss, T., Wilson, J., Saat, T., & Špilev, H. 2017. Gill rakers and teeth of three pleuronectiform species (Teleostei) of the Baltic Sea: a microichthyological approach. Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences, 66, 21–46. doi:10.3176/earth.2017.01

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30. Märss, T., Wilson, M., Lees, J., Saat, T., & Špilev, H. 2015. A comparative SEM study of ossicles in the Pleuronectiformes (Teleostei) of the Baltic Sea. Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences, 64, 495–517. doi:10.3176/proc.2015.4.05

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Martínez-Pérez, C., Ferrón, H. & Botella, H. 2023. Tribute to Tiiu Märss and Philippe Janvier (16th International Symposium on Early and Lower Vertebrates). Spanish Journal of Palaeontology 38, 1, p. 1–2. https://doi.org/10.7203/sjp.26864

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3. Blom, H., Märss, T., & Miller, G. C. 2002 (for 2001). Silurian and earliest Devonian birkeniid anaspids from the Northern Hemisphere. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Science, 92, 263–323. doi:10.1017/S0263593300000250

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4. Märss, T., Wilson, M. V. H. & Thorsteinsson, R. 2006. Silurian and Lower Devonian thelodonts and putative chondrichthyans from the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Special Papers in Palaeontology, 75, 144 pp. doi:10.1017/S0016756807003615

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Palaeozoic vertebrate palaeontology and biostratigraphy’; 2003–2007, Estonian representative and leader of the Working Group on thelodont study of the IGCP Project 491 ‘Middle Palaeozoic vertebrate biogeography, palaeogeography and climate’.

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6. Märss, T., Afanassieva, O., & Blom, H. (2014). Biodiversity of the Silurian osteostracans of the East Baltic. Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 105, 73–148. doi:10.1017/S1755691014000218

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2005 The Estonian National Science Award in geological and biological sciences for the research cycle ‘Evolution and distribution of Mid Palaeozoic vertebrates in the seas of the Northern Hemisphere and their practical value in geology’.

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20. Märss, T., & Gagnier, P.-Y. 2001. A new chondrichthyan from the Wenlock, Lower Silurian, of Baillie-Hamilton Island, the Canadian Arctic. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 21, 693–701. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2001)0212.0.CO;2

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Märss has been or is a member of the following organizations and institutions: 1975–1990, member of the All-Union Palaeontological Society (VPO); 1990–present, corresponding member of the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy of the

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Her husband, Jaan Märss, the metal conservator at the Tallinn City Museum, was awarded a medal for his restoration and heritage protection works (2008); the Museum-Rat Prize (2014) and the award for his lifetime achievements (2021)

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38. Kaljo, D., Kiipli, T., & Martma, T. 1997. Carbon isotope event markers through the Wenlock-Přidoli sequence at Ohesaare (Estonia) and Priekule (Latvia). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 132, 1–4, 211–223.

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26. Märss, T., & Miller, C. G. (2004). Thelodonts and distribution of associated conodonts from the Llandovery-lowermost Lochkovian of the Welsh Borderland. Palaeontology, 47, 1211–1265. doi:10.1111/j.0031-0239.2004.00409.x

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2002 PalSIRP Sepkoski Grant of the US Paleontological Society for her research ‘Ultrasculpture on the exoskeleton of early agnathans and fishes’ (Priscum, The Newsletter of the Paleontological Society, 2002, Vol. 11, No. 2).

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14. Märss, T. 1989. Vertebrates. In: Holland, C. H., & Bassett, M. G. (eds). A Global Standard for the Silurian System. National Museum of Wales, Geological Series No. 9, Cardiff, 284–289. doi:10.1017/S001675680001387X

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8. Mark-Kurik, E. & Noppel, T. 1970. Additional notes on the distribution of vertebrates in the Silurian of Estonia. ENSV Teaduste Akadeemia Toimetised. Keemia. Geoloogia, 19, 2, 171–173. 10.3176/chem.geol.1970.2.13

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5. Märss, T., Turner, S., & Karatajtė-Talimaa, V. 2007. “Agnatha” II. Thelodonti. In: H.-P. Schultze (ed.). Handbook of Paleoichthyology. Vol. 1B. Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, München, 143 pp. ISBN 978-3-89937-081-2.

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37. Klaamann, E. & Einasto, R. 1982. Coral reefs of the Baltic Silurian (structure, facies relations). In: Kaljo, D., & Klaamann, E. (eds). Ecostratigraphy of the East Baltic Silurian. Tallinn, Valgus, 35–41.

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9. Märss, T., & Einasto, R. (1978). Distribution of vertebrates in deposits of various facies in the North Baltic Silurian. ENSV TA Toimetised. Keemia. Geoloogia, 27, 1, 16–22. . doi:10.3176/geol.1978.1.03

791:. She has shown Silurian fishes at exhibitions and compiled texts for posters on Saaremaa cliffs. Märss has guided numerous excursions to famous palaeontological sites in Silurian outcrops on Saaremaa Island. 1081:

29. Märss, T., & Männik, P. (2013). Revision of Silurian vertebrate biozones and their correlation with the conodont succession. Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences, 62, 181–204. doi:10.3176/earth.2013.15

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2. Märss, T., & Ritchie, A. 1998 (for 1997). Articulated thelodonts (Agnatha) of Scotland. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences, 88, 143–195. doi:10.1017/S026359330000691X

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Märss (Noppel), Tiiu. Eesti geoloogiateadlasi. Maa Universumis. Möödanik, tänapäev, and Tulevik . Earth is in the Universe. (compilers: H. Nestor, A. Raukas, R. Veskimäe). Tallinn, 2004, p. 317.

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36. Märss, T. 2011. Siluri selgroogsed: ühe rühma arengulugu . Parmasto, E., Laisk, A., & Kaljo, D. (eds). Teadusmõte Eestis (VI). Elu-ja maateadused. Eesti Teaduste Akadeemia, Tallinn, 117–124.

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2002. Ordovician and Lower Silurian thelodonts from Severnaya Zemlya Archipelago (Russia). Geodiversitas, 24, 2, 381–404. http://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/sites/defult/files/articles/pdf/g2002n2a6.pdf

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12. Märss, T. 1982b. Biozones of vertebrates (Silurian of the North Baltic). In: Kaljo, D., & Klaamann, E. (eds). Communities and Biozones in the Baltic Silurian. Tallinn, Valgus, 97–116. .

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1. 1. Märss, T. 1986. Silurian vertebrates of Estonia and West Latvia. Tallinn, Valgus, 104 pp. . https://files.geocollections.info/b7b6e2a0-6f6b-4a80-8fb8-2a5be139b891.pdf

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gen. et sp. nov. (Chondrichthyes) from the Burtnieki Regional Stage, Middle Devonian of Estonia. Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences, 57, 219–230. doi:10.3176/earth.2008.4.02

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s and denticles covering the buccal, pharyngeal and branchial areas, also found in modern cartilaginous fish, were described for the first time by Märss and her co-author.

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A total of about 3800 samples for palaeoihthyological study have been collected and processed by Märss from Estonia and elsewhere, partly together with her colleagues.

468:(IUGS); 1999–2008, member of the Scientific Council of the Institute of Geology, Tallinn University of Technology; 2007–2015, member of the Scientific Board of the 400:

at the same university. In 2011–2013, T. Märss worked as a project manager at the Estonian Maritime Institute of the University of Tartu and in 2015–2016 as an

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15. Märss, T. 1992. Vertebrate history in the Late Silurian. Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences. Geology, 41, 205–214. doi:10.3176/geol.1992.4.05

1022:(Actinopterygii) in the Upper Silurian of northern Eurasia. Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences. Geology, 50, 174–189. doi:10.3176/geol.2001.3.03 629:

As a result of her individual or co-authored studies, Märss has established 167 new vertebrate and 4 invertebrate taxa with a focus on the Silurian agnathan

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shoal. Very low wave activity prevented postmortem disintegration of the squamations, and rapid conservation in mud saved the exoskeletons from scattering.

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2022. The 16th International Symposium on Early and Lower Vertebrates in Valencia, Spain (20–28 June 2022) was devoted to Tiiu Märss and Philippe Janvier.

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7. Märss, T. 2019. Silurian cyathaspidid heterostracans of Northern Eurasia. Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences, 68, 113–146. doi:10.3176/earth.2019.11

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23. Karatajūtė-Talimaa, V. & Märss, T. 2002. Upper Silurian thelodonts from Severnaya Zemlya Archipelago (Russia). Geodiversitas, 24, 2, 405–443.

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Märss has taken part in the Middle Devonian fish excavations in Essi and Karksi outcrops, Estonia, and Upper Devonian Lode quarry, Latvia.

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25. Märss, T., Perens, H., & Klaos, T. 2003. Sedimentation of the Himmiste-Kuigu fish bed (Ludlow of Estonia) and taphonomy of the

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As an expert on Silurian fishes and for the purpose of collecting fossils, Märss has participated in geological expeditions in the

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Tiiu Märss. Eesti Geoloogia. Biograafiline Teatmik (compiler A. Aaloe)]. Eesti Geoloogia Selts, Tallinn, 2016, p. 141, 277.

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Tiiu Märss. Eesti Geoloogia. Biograafiline Teatmik (compiler A. Aaloe)]. Eesti Geoloogia Selts, Tallinn, 1995, p. 74, 141.

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during low tide. Unfavourable conditions, primarily the lack of oxygen in warm and shallow water, caused the perishing of the

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17. Märss, T. 1997. Vertebrates of the Přidoli and Silurian-Devonian boundary beds in Europe. Modern Geology, 21, 17–41.

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Märss attended Uderna Primary School in 1951–1953 and Tallinn 16th Secondary School in 1953–1963. She studied geology at

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Kukk, T. 2005. Eestit tuntakse Siluri kalade ja nende uurija järgi . Eesti Loodus, 4, pp. 34–38. ISSN 0131-5862.

596: 409: 547:, taxonomy, phylogeny and spatio-temporal distribution and significantly improved the picture on the diversity of 189: 79: 877: 481: 229: 127: 496:, fishes) of Paadla age in the Palaeobaltic; 2004–2007, ESF grant 5726: Vertebrates of the Palaeobaltic Sea: 909:

Tiiu Märss. Eesti Entsüklopeedia. Eesti elulood . Estonian Encyclopaedia Publishers, 2000, 14, p. 314.

592: 397: 211: 109: 1183: 706:, which was an important finding in elucidating the formation and phylogeny of fins of early vertebrates. 330: 614:

Thuringia in Germany, Austrian Alps, SW of Spain and Portugal, Eastern Canada, in several USA states and

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33. Märss, T. 1982. Vanimate selgroogsete leiud Saaremaal . Eesti Loodus, 10, 646–654. ISSN 0131-5862.

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archipelagos was provided in her studies was provided by Estonian, Lithuanian and Russian colleagues.

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Märss was influenced by the high spirituality of Uderna Primary School, and, in her home village of

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35. Märss, T. 2011. Ühe väljasurnud kala lugu Saaremaalt . Loodusesõber, 3, 20–23. ISSN 1736-4531.

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Pander (Thelodonti) shoal. Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences, Geology, 52, 239–265.

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for mineral resources. Her diploma work was titled ‘Vertebrate distribution in the Silurian of

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Märss and her working team at the Estonian Marine Institute of the University of Tartu and

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Märss has presented her research findings to a wider readership in the Estonian journals

615: 658: 654: 646: 361:). In 1983, she defended the Candidate of Sciences thesis ‘The Silurian vertebrates of 369:

of the Candidate of Geological-Mineralogical Sciences, equivalent to a PhD, in 1984.

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Pander. ENSV TA Toimetised. Geoloogia, 28, 3, 108–111. . doi:10.3176/geol.1979.3.05

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She has co-supervised licentiate and doctoral dissertations on the Silurian fishes.

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28. Märss, T., & Wilson, M. V. H. (2008). Buccopharyngo-branchial denticles of

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Pander (Thelodonti, Agnatha). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 28, 601–612.

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and some special publications. She has provided entries on Saaremaa cliffs for

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10. Märss, T. (1979). Lateral line sensory system of the Ludlovian thelodont

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https://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/sites/default/files/articles/pdf/g2002n2a6.pdf

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Tiiu Märss Eesti Teadusinfosüsteemis https://www.etis.ee/CV/Tiiu_Märss/eng

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The work of Märss has mainly been tied with the Institute of Geology of the

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of recent fishes, and its value in the taxonomy and systematics of fishes.

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group, cyathaspidid heterostracans, attesting their close relationships.

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of the Republic of Estonia in Otto Strandman’s first government (1919)

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In 1991, Märss provided the characterization of the cliffs situated in

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Märss was the first to map the squamation of the articulated thelodont

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Eesti Vabariigi Teaduspreemiad 2005. . Tallinn, 2005, pp. 86–97.

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Valiukevičius, 2004) and one ostracode have been named after Märss.

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34. Märss, T. 1995. Luatute kivistised . Eesti Loodus, 7, 192–194.

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was a member of the Constituent Assembly (1919–1920) and the first

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She also discovered a second pair of paired fins in the thelodont

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and showed its similarity with the sensory-line system of another

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Märss has been a grant holder of several research projects of the

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from Cornwallis Island, Arctic Canada, is named after Estonia.

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Sciences. Geology, 47, 51–76. doi:10.3176/geol.1998.2.01

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13. Märss, T. 1986. Squamation of the thelodont agnathan

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Morphology, taxonomy and systematics of early vertebrates

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Academic staff of the Tallinn University of Technology

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27. Märss, T., Kleesment, A., & Niit, M. (2008).

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IX osa. Saare maakond. (Täht-Kok, K., ed.). 756 p.

376:, where she held the following positions: 1963–1965 682:She reconstructed the sensory-line canal system of 345:’. In 1973–1976, she was a postgraduate student of 203:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 329:and East Pamir) and obtained the qualification of 579:(England, Wales and Scotland), NW Territories of 508:2008–2010, ESF grant 7334: Ultrasculpture on the 447:and modern fishes at the Institute of Geology of 912:Tiiu Märss. Eesti Teaduse Biograafiline Leksikon 488:; 2000–2002, ESF grant 4160: Early vertebrates ( 836:Wilson & Caldwell, 1998), one acanthodian ( 657:. One new thelodont family, genus and species ( 559:Collection of research material outside Estonia 424:, the Department of Biological Sciences at the 389:and in 1993–1995, she gave a special course on 353:in the Institute of Geology of the Academy of 748:Microichthyological research of modern fishes 8: 443:In 2017–2024, she continued her research on 321:in 1965–1970 (passing practical courses in 53:Learn how and when to remove these messages 466:International Union of Geological Sciences 16:Estonian geologist and palaeoichthyologist 1204:Academic staff of the University of Tartu 715:conditions of articulated squamations of 281:Learn how and when to remove this message 263:Learn how and when to remove this message 161:Learn how and when to remove this message 880:, the former owner of Hellenurme manor. 930:12.1. Monographs and monographic papers 1078:doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2008)282.0.CO;2 527:Märss has studied Silurian and Lower 504:and distribution in the Silurian and 436:and the Chinese Geological Museum in 365:and West Latvia’ and was awarded the 7: 385:at the Department of Geology of the 201:adding citations to reliable sources 1008:doi:10.1016/S0016-6995(95)80140-5 476:Managerial and administrative work 470:International Geoscience Programme 14: 1098:12.3. Popular-scientific articles 34:This article has multiple issues. 449:Tallinn University of Technology 177: 64: 23: 313:Education and scientific career 188:needs additional citations for 42:or discuss these issues on the 1: 1114:ISBN 978-9949-21-823-3(pdf). 807:Archipelago Biosphere Reserve 710:Taphonomy and biostratigraphy 91:secondary or tertiary sources 675:from Himmiste-Kuigu quarry, 374:Estonian Academy of Sciences 359:Estonian Academy of Sciences 97:, especially if potentially 75:biography of a living person 1057:doi:10.3176/geol.2003.4.04 482:Estonian Science Foundation 410:National Museum of Scotland 95:must be removed immediately 1230: 1199:University of Tartu alumni 695:The branchial openings of 599:). Fish material from the 1214:People from Elva, Estonia 925:12. Selected publications 883:The granduncle of Märss, 878:Alexander von Middendorff 641:, and on the gnathostome 428:, Canada, as well in the 1189:Estonian paleontologists 961:12.2 Scientific articles 898:Märss has two children. 398:vertebrate palaeontology 357:of the ESSR (since 1989 885:Juhan (Johannes) Kartau 761:Popular-scientific work 551:marine biota on Earth. 1035:Karatajūtė-Talimaa, V. 776:Estonian Encyclopaedia 418:Natural History Museum 319:Tartu State University 89:Please help by adding 1118:13. Other cited works 889:Minister of Education 838:Poracanthodes marssae 834:Drepanolepis maerssae 663:Eestilepis prominens) 426:University of Alberta 1033:22. Märss, T. & 1018:19. Märss, T. 2001. 779:and booklets in the 571:, the Central Ural ( 523:Research work 197:improve this article 1194:Estonian geologists 1073:Phlebolepis elegans 1052:Phlebolepis elegans 795:Nature preservation 717:Phlebolepis elegans 685:Phlebolepis elegans 585:Mackenzie Mountains 531:early vertebrates, 387:University of Tartu 331:geological engineer 307:palaeoichthyologist 78:relies too much on 754:Alberta University 697:Phlebolepis elegan 404:. She has studied 383:micropalaeontology 335:geological mapping 1066:Karksilepis parva 618:Basin in Brazil. 430:Australian Museum 291: 290: 283: 273: 272: 265: 247: 171: 170: 163: 145: 57: 1221: 1155:Eesti Ürglooduse 593:Baillie-Hamilton 565:Baltic countries 333:in the field of 286: 279: 268: 261: 257: 254: 248: 246: 205: 181: 173: 166: 159: 155: 152: 146: 144: 103: 68: 60: 49: 27: 26: 19: 1229: 1228: 1224: 1223: 1222: 1220: 1219: 1218: 1169: 1168: 1120: 1100: 963: 932: 927: 922: 904: 870: 846: 832:One thelodont ( 819: 797: 763: 750: 712: 647:chondrichthyans 627: 561: 525: 478: 461: 315: 287: 276: 275: 274: 269: 258: 252: 249: 206: 204: 194: 182: 167: 156: 150: 147: 104: 102: 88: 84:primary sources 69: 28: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 1227: 1225: 1217: 1216: 1211: 1206: 1201: 1196: 1191: 1186: 1181: 1171: 1170: 1166:tehnokeskus . 1119: 1116: 1099: 1096: 962: 959: 931: 928: 926: 923: 921: 918: 903: 902:External links 900: 869: 866: 845: 842: 818: 815: 796: 793: 762: 759: 749: 746: 711: 708: 659:Eestilepididae 655:Russian Arctic 639:heterostracans 626: 623: 589:Arctic islands 560: 557: 524: 521: 477: 474: 460: 457: 314: 311: 289: 288: 271: 270: 185: 183: 176: 169: 168: 72: 70: 63: 58: 32: 31: 29: 22: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 1226: 1215: 1212: 1210: 1207: 1205: 1202: 1200: 1197: 1195: 1192: 1190: 1187: 1185: 1184:Living people 1182: 1180: 1177: 1176: 1174: 1167: 1163: 1159: 1156: 1152: 1148: 1144: 1140: 1136: 1132: 1128: 1124: 1117: 1115: 1112: 1109: 1106: 1103: 1097: 1095: 1091: 1087: 1083: 1079: 1076: 1074: 1069: 1067: 1062: 1058: 1055: 1053: 1048: 1044: 1041: 1038: 1036: 1031: 1027: 1023: 1021: 1016: 1012: 1009: 1006: 1002: 999: 995: 993: 988: 985: 981: 979: 976: 971: 967: 960: 958: 955: 951: 947: 943: 939: 935: 929: 924: 919: 917: 915: 910: 907: 901: 899: 896: 892: 890: 886: 881: 879: 875: 868:Personal life 867: 865: 861: 858: 855: 852: 849: 843: 841: 839: 835: 830: 827: 823: 816: 814: 811: 808: 805: 804:West Estonian 802: 794: 792: 790: 786: 782: 778: 777: 772: 768: 760: 758: 755: 747: 745: 743: 739: 735: 729: 725: 723: 718: 709: 707: 705: 704:Shielia taiti 700: 698: 693: 691: 687: 686: 680: 678: 674: 672: 666: 664: 660: 656: 652: 651:osteichthyans 648: 644: 640: 636: 635:osteostracans 632: 624: 622: 619: 617: 611: 608: 606: 605:Novaya Zemlya 602: 598: 594: 590: 586: 582: 578: 577:Great Britain 574: 570: 566: 558: 556: 552: 550: 546: 542: 538: 534: 530: 522: 520: 517: 513: 511: 507: 503: 499: 495: 491: 487: 483: 475: 473: 471: 467: 458: 456: 454: 450: 446: 441: 439: 435: 431: 427: 423: 419: 415: 411: 407: 403: 402:ichthyologist 399: 396: 392: 388: 384: 379: 375: 370: 368: 364: 360: 356: 352: 348: 347:palaeontology 344: 340: 336: 332: 328: 324: 320: 312: 310: 308: 304: 301: 297: 293: 285: 282: 267: 264: 256: 245: 242: 238: 235: 231: 228: 224: 221: 217: 214: – 213: 209: 208:Find sources: 202: 198: 192: 191: 186:This article 184: 180: 175: 174: 165: 162: 154: 143: 140: 136: 133: 129: 126: 122: 119: 115: 112: – 111: 107: 106:Find sources: 100: 96: 92: 86: 85: 81: 76: 71: 67: 62: 61: 56: 54: 47: 46: 41: 40: 35: 30: 21: 20: 1165: 1161: 1157: 1154: 1150: 1149:, R., & 1146: 1142: 1138: 1134: 1133: 1129: 1125: 1121: 1113: 1110: 1107: 1104: 1101: 1092: 1088: 1084: 1080: 1077: 1072: 1070: 1065: 1063: 1059: 1056: 1051: 1049: 1045: 1042: 1039: 1032: 1028: 1024: 1019: 1017: 1013: 1010: 1007: 1003: 1000: 996: 991: 989: 986: 982: 977: 974: 972: 968: 964: 956: 952: 948: 944: 940: 936: 933: 913: 911: 908: 905: 897: 893: 882: 871: 862: 859: 856: 853: 850: 847: 837: 833: 831: 828: 824: 820: 817:Recognitions 809: 806: 803: 800: 798: 789:Eesti Loodus 788: 784: 774: 771:Loodusesõber 770: 767:Eesti Loodus 766: 764: 751: 730: 726: 721: 716: 713: 703: 701: 696: 694: 683: 681: 669: 667: 662: 643:acanthodians 628: 620: 616:Parana River 612: 609: 562: 553: 537:gnathostomes 526: 518: 514: 486:stratigraphy 479: 462: 442: 371: 351:stratigraphy 316: 295: 294: 292: 277: 259: 250: 240: 233: 226: 219: 212:"Tiiu Märss" 207: 195:Please help 190:verification 187: 157: 148: 138: 131: 124: 117: 110:"Tiiu Märss" 105: 94: 77: 50: 43: 37: 36:Please help 33: 1179:1943 births 1153:, L. 1995. 1020:Andreolepis 992:Phlebolepis 975:Phlebolepis 742:brachiopods 722:Phlebolepis 671:Phlebolepis 510:exoskeleton 339:prospecting 101:or harmful. 1173:Categories 1135:40. Pirrus 920:References 874:Hellenurme 844:Personalia 738:ostracodes 631:thelodonts 597:Cornwallis 567:, western 541:morphology 459:Membership 453:freelancer 445:Palaeozoic 378:technician 296:Tiiu Märss 253:April 2024 223:newspapers 151:April 2024 121:newspapers 80:references 39:improve it 1137:, E.-A., 734:conodonts 601:Severnaya 545:histology 533:agnathans 502:phylogeny 494:agnathans 490:conodonts 414:Edinburgh 303:geologist 45:talk page 1162:KKM Info 1147:Karukäpp 785:Horisont 781:Estonian 690:agnathan 677:Saaremaa 549:Silurian 529:Devonian 506:Devonian 498:taxonomy 395:Devonian 391:Silurian 355:Sciences 300:Estonian 99:libelous 1094:Press. 978:elegans 673:elegans 569:Ukraine 438:Beijing 408:at the 363:Estonia 343:Estonia 323:Estonia 237:scholar 135:scholar 1158:Raamat 1145:, T., 1141:, H., 587:) and 581:Canada 573:Russia 434:Sydney 422:London 367:degree 327:Crimea 239: 232: 225: 218: 210: 137: 130: 123: 116: 108: 1164:- ja 1143:Märss 633:, [2 451:as a 244:JSTOR 230:books 142:JSTOR 128:books 73:This 1151:Lust 1139:Kink 810:Area 787:and 649:and 603:and 595:and 543:and 535:and 406:fish 393:and 349:and 337:and 305:and 216:news 114:news 801:The 575:), 432:in 420:in 412:in 199:by 82:to 1175:: 769:, 740:, 736:, 661:, 645:, 637:, 500:, 492:, 455:. 440:. 416:, 325:, 309:. 48:. 914:. 591:( 583:( 284:) 278:( 266:) 260:( 255:) 251:( 241:· 234:· 227:· 220:· 193:. 164:) 158:( 153:) 149:( 139:· 132:· 125:· 118:· 87:. 55:) 51:(

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