387:, an optical imaging technique for increasing optical resolution and contrast of a micrograph by means of using a spatial pinhole to block out-of-focus light in image formation. This technology is a predecessor to today's widely used
166:, invented the compound microscope in 1590. Zachariassen's claimed dates are so early it is sometimes assumed, for the claim to be true, that his grandfather, Hans Martens, must have invented it. Findings are published by writer
19:
74:
is described as being able to close focus his telescope to view small objects close up and/or looking through the wrong end in reverse to magnify small objects. A telescope used in this fashion is the same as a
170:. Discrepancies in Boreel's investigation and Zachariassen's testimony (including misrepresenting his date of birth and role in the invention) has led some historians to consider this claim dubious.
79:
but historians debate whether
Galileo was magnifying small objects or viewing near by objects with his terrestrial telescope (convex objective/concave eyepiece) reversed.
455:
369:
489:
588:, Studies in the Social History of China and South-East Asia: Essays in Memory of Victor Purcell, Cambridge University Press, Jun 10, 2010, p. 215
280:
681:
639:
612:
534:
388:
629:
320:
298:
206:
551:
Giants of Delft: Johannes
Vermeer and the Natural Philosophers: The Parallel Search for Knowledge During the Age of Discovery
575:
William
Rosenthal, Spectacles and Other Vision Aids: A History and Guide to Collecting, Norman Publishing, 1996, pp. 391–392
501:
Atti Della
Fondazione Giorgio Ronchi E Contributi Dell'Istituto Nazionale Di Ottica, Volume 30, La Fondazione-1975, page 554
872:
462:
418:
469:
93:
1621: Cornelis
Drebbel presents, in London, a compound microscope with a convex objective and a convex eyepiece (a
354:
309:
45:" of Assyrians manufacture, a rock crystal disk with a convex shape believed to be a burning or magnifying lens.
268:, a breakthrough in microscope design, which until then was largely based on trial and error. The company of
429:
395:
327:
305:
276:
202:
715:
Nomarski, G. (1955). Microinterféromètre différentiel à ondes polarisées. J. Phys. Radium, Paris 16: 9S-11S
350:
90:, an instrument about eighteen inches long, two inches in diameter, and supported on three brass dolphins.
213:
775:
738:
440:
399:
331:
239:
221:
217:
117:
94:
867:
726:
436:
384:
346:
294:
265:
250:
444:
129:
76:
64:
823:
Koch, M.; Rehbein, S.; Schmahl, G.; Reisinger, T.; Bracco, G.; Ernst, W. E.; Holst, B. (2008).
844:
805:
756:
677:
635:
608:
530:
243:
174:
163:
60:
671:
602:
524:
836:
795:
787:
746:
585:
361:
101:
87:
53:
513:
Jan L. Harrington, Technology and
Society, Jones & Bartlett Publishers - 2011, page 221
414:
195:
71:
751:
742:
774:
Palau, AdriĂ Salvador; Eder, Sabrina
Daniela; Bracco, Gianangelo; Holst, Bodil (2023).
140:
451:, making it able to resolve materials in three dimensions with near-atomic resolution.
861:
840:
376:
342:
316:
272:
exploited this discovery and becomes the dominant microscope manufacturer of its era.
232:
159:
133:
112:
83:
791:
186:
181:
167:
107:
1624: Galileo improves on a compound microscope he sees in Rome and presents his
425:
410:
290:
82:
1619: Earliest recorded description of a compound microscope, Dutch
Ambassador
42:
136:
publish
Apiarium, the first account of observations using a compound microscope
448:
403:
365:
269:
261:
257:
228:
49:
34:
31:
760:
824:
286:
848:
809:
800:
27:
631:
The
Microscope—Its Design, Construction and Applications by F. S. Spiers
253:
develops a metallurgical microscope to observe structure of meteorites.
52:
probably led to the wide spread use of simple microscopes (single lens
205:
improves on a simple microscope for viewing biological specimens (see
492:". Collection database. The British Museum. Retrieved Oct 21, 2012.
18:
509:
507:
17:
725:
Eder, S D; Reisinger, T; Greve, M M; Bracco, G; Holst, B (2012).
406:
and allowing the chemical identification of each individual atom.
162:, Dutch spectacle-maker Johannes Zachariassen claims his father,
335:
143:
of Bamberg (1574–1629) of the Linceans, after seeing Galileo's
596:
594:
564:
From Sight to Light: The Passage from Ancient to Modern Optics
380:
235:, to mass-produce microscopes and other optical instruments.
825:"Imaging with neutral atoms: A new matter-wave microscope"
190:, a collection of biological drawings. He coins the word
86:
sees one in London in the possession of Dutch inventor
727:"Focusing of a neutral helium beam below one micron"
670:
Albert Van Helden; Sven Dupré; Rob van Gent (2010).
601:
Albert Van Helden; Sven Dupré; Rob van Gent (2010).
523:
Albert Van Helden; Sven Dupré; Rob van Gent (2010).
246:, invents the first practical binocular microscope.
697:Riddell JL (1854). "On the binocular microscope".
676:. Amsterdam University Press. pp. 32–36, 43.
660:Brian Shmaefsky, Biotechnology 101 - 2006, p. 171
48:13th century: The increase in use of lenses in
59:1590: earliest date of a claimed Hans Martens/
456:electrochemical scanning tunneling microscope
447:applied a position-sensitive detector to the
370:differential interference contrast microscopy
8:
177:observed capillary structures in frog lungs.
566:, University of Chicago Press, 2014, p. 387
607:. Amsterdam University Press. p. 24.
529:. Amsterdam University Press. p. 25.
799:
750:
553:, Bucknell University Press, 2003, p. 126
398:adds time-of-flight spectroscopy to the
216:develops combined lenses that cancelled
481:
281:near-field scanning optical microscope
368:, published the theoretical basis of
7:
194:for the structures he discovers in
389:confocal laser scanning microscope
14:
490:The Nimrud lens / the Layard lens
841:10.1111/j.1365-2818.2007.01874.x
776:"Neutral helium atom microscopy"
299:transmission electron microscope
279:publishes theory underlying the
428:, Quate, and Gerber invent the
104:presents his invention in Rome.
792:10.1016/j.ultramic.2023.113753
454:1988: Kingo Itaya invents the
1:
752:10.1088/1367-2630/14/7/073014
463:Kelvin probe force microscope
419:scanning tunneling microscope
207:Van Leeuwenhoek's microscopes
158:1655: In an investigation by
56:) with limited magnification.
673:The Origins of the Telescope
628:Spiers, F. S. (2008-11-30).
604:The Origins of the Telescope
526:The Origins of the Telescope
242:, Professor of Chemistry at
889:
470:scanning helium microscope
355:phase-contrast microscope
353:for his invention of the
310:field emission microscope
293:start to build the first
334:and is the first to see
430:atomic force microscope
277:Edward Hutchinson Synge
203:Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
731:New Journal of Physics
351:Nobel Prize in Physics
23:
829:Journal of Microscopy
214:Joseph Jackson Lister
67:(claim made in 1655).
21:
873:Technology timelines
400:field ion microscope
396:Erwin Wilhelm MĂĽller
332:field ion microscope
328:Erwin Wilhelm MĂĽller
306:Erwin Wilhelm MĂĽller
240:John Leonard Riddell
222:chromatic aberration
118:Accademia dei Lincei
743:2012NJPh...14g3014E
402:, making the first
385:confocal microscope
347:theoretical physics
295:electron microscope
266:Abbe sine condition
251:Henry Clifton Sorby
77:compound microscope
65:compound microscope
549:Robert D. Huerta,
445:George D. W. Smith
130:Francesco Stelluti
54:magnifying glasses
24:
683:978-90-6984-615-6
641:978-1-4437-2594-1
614:978-90-6984-615-6
536:978-90-6984-615-6
379:, a professor at
260:, a colleague of
244:Tulane University
175:Marcello Malpighi
164:Zacharias Janssen
147:, coins the word
115:, founder of the
63:invention of the
61:Zacharias Janssen
880:
853:
852:
820:
814:
813:
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771:
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586:Nicholas Tarling
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567:
560:
554:
547:
541:
540:
520:
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511:
502:
499:
493:
486:
362:Georges Nomarski
264:, discovers the
151:by analogy with
88:Cornelis Drebbel
41:c. 700 BC: The "
888:
887:
883:
882:
881:
879:
878:
877:
858:
857:
856:
822:
821:
817:
780:Ultramicroscopy
773:
772:
768:
724:
723:
719:
714:
710:
699:Q J Microsc Sci
696:
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562:A. Mark Smith,
561:
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505:
500:
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487:
483:
479:
441:Terence Godfrey
415:Heinrich Rohrer
364:, professor of
349:, receives the
345:, professor of
319:builds another
72:Galileo Galilei
22:1852 microscope
12:
11:
5:
886:
884:
876:
875:
870:
860:
859:
855:
854:
815:
766:
717:
708:
689:
682:
662:
653:
640:
634:. Read Books.
620:
613:
590:
584:Jerome Ch'en,
577:
568:
555:
542:
535:
515:
503:
494:
480:
478:
475:
474:
473:
472:is introduced.
466:
459:
452:
433:
422:
407:
392:
383:, invents the
373:
358:
339:
324:
313:
302:
283:
273:
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236:
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210:
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178:
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141:Giovanni Faber
137:
126:
105:
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91:
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68:
57:
46:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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874:
871:
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865:
863:
850:
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835:(Pt 1): 1–5.
834:
830:
826:
819:
816:
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807:
802:
801:11250/3128781
797:
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
770:
767:
762:
758:
753:
748:
744:
740:
737:(7): 073014.
736:
732:
728:
721:
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438:
437:Alfred Cerezo
434:
431:
427:
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397:
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390:
386:
382:
378:
377:Marvin Minsky
374:
371:
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343:Frits Zernike
340:
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329:
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317:James Hillier
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233:Carl Zeiss AG
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160:Willem Boreel
157:
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134:Federico Cesi
131:
127:
124:
121:(in English,
120:
119:
114:
113:Federico Cesi
110:
106:
103:
99:
96:
92:
89:
85:
84:Willem Boreel
81:
78:
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55:
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40:
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783:
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769:
734:
730:
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656:
645:. Retrieved
630:
623:
603:
580:
571:
563:
558:
550:
545:
525:
518:
497:
484:
417:develop the
330:invents the
308:invents the
191:
187:Micrographia
185:
182:Robert Hooke
168:Pierre Borel
152:
148:
144:
123:The Linceans
122:
116:
108:
97:microscope).
70:After 1609:
26:
25:
15:
426:Gerd Binnig
411:Gerd Binnig
291:Ernst Ruska
95:"Keplerian"
43:Nimrud lens
868:Microscopy
862:Categories
647:2010-08-06
477:References
468:2008: The
449:atom probe
404:atom probe
366:microscopy
297:. It is a
270:Carl Zeiss
262:Carl Zeiss
258:Ernst Abbe
229:Carl Zeiss
184:publishes
149:microscope
145:occhiolino
111:to Prince
109:occhiolino
50:eyeglasses
35:technology
32:microscope
761:1367-2630
465:invented.
287:Max Knoll
218:spherical
153:telescope
849:18173637
810:37285613
705:: 18–24.
231:founded
100:c.1622:
28:Timeline
739:Bibcode
256:1860s:
238:1850s:
102:Drebbel
847:
808:
759:
680:
638:
611:
533:
461:1991:
443:, and
435:1988:
432:(AFM).
424:1986:
421:(STM).
409:1981:
394:1967:
375:1957:
360:1955:
341:1953:
326:1951:
315:1938:
304:1936:
301:(TEM).
285:1931:
275:1928:
249:1863:
227:1846:
212:1825:
201:1674:
180:1665:
173:1661:
139:1625:
128:1625:
336:atoms
198:bark.
845:PMID
806:PMID
757:ISSN
678:ISBN
636:ISBN
609:ISBN
531:ISBN
413:and
289:and
220:and
196:cork
192:cell
132:and
837:doi
833:229
796:hdl
788:doi
784:251
747:doi
381:MIT
321:TEM
30:of
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617:.
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155:.
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