27:
166:
122:
472:
304:
292:
410:
421:, and Omari Amonde tried to organise themselves. Relatives of Tingatinga also joined this group, which would be later called the "Tingatinga (or Tinga Tinga) Partnership". Not all of Tingatinga's followers agreed to be in the partnership; some created a new group at Slipway. In 1990, the Tingatinga Partnership constituted itself into a society, renamed to
199:, using several layers of bicycle paint, which makes for brilliant and highly saturated colours. Many elements of the style are related to the requirements of the tourist-oriented market; for example, the paintings are usually small so they can be easily transported, and subjects are intended to appeal to Europeans and Americans (e.g. the
443:
was not a student of the
Tingatinga school nor a member of the Tingatinga Society, he's known to have frequented Tingatinga artists, and some influence of Tingatinga is evident in his work, for what concerns painting (an art form that Lilanga approached in 1974). This influence has been recognised by
382:
Jesper
Kirknaes also documented those paintings being done in Dar es Salaam by Makua and Makonde migrants. Shiraishi is one of the scholars who most firmly supported the theory that Tingatinga's art is connected to traditional Makua wall paintings. Among other considerations, Shiraishi observed that
242:
The first generation of artists from the
Tingatinga school basically reproduced the works of the school's founder. In the 1990s new trends emerged within the Tingatinga style, in response to the transformations that the Tanzanian society was undergoing after independence. New subjects related to the
462:
of
Tingatinga art. It has been suggested that Lilanga (who was originally a sculptor) actually learnt to paint from Tingatinga painters such as Noel Kapanda and later Mchimbi Halfani, who collaborated with him. The collaboration between Lilanga and Kapanda lasted several years.
343:
paintings that were sold in Dar es Salaam at his time. The source of this claim could be some articles by Merete Teisen, where she also claims that
Tingatinga decorated two house walls for payment before he started painting on masonite boards.
544:. This is an informal term (i.e., those who paint after Tingatinga's example) and not to be confused with the Tingatinga Arts Cooperative Society, which is a specific organisation, although sometimes also referred to as a "school".
174:
According to
Tingatinga, his paintings were mostly based on pictures and characters with Hindu mythological figures and sequences which he had come across as a domestic servant in a practising Hindu family in Dar es salaam.
67:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge.
258:
Because of his short artistic life, Tingatinga left only a relatively small number of paintings, which are sought-after by collectors. It is known that fakes were produced from all famous
Tingatinga paintings like:
184:
Several copies of one white bungalow with a peacock and stylised flowers were also copied from Indian calendars. The bungalow was first drawn after the school building of St. Joseph's
Convent in Dar es salaam.
784:
It was entirely my own idea to incorporate this style. Nobody suggests I do it. In the
Tingatinga style, I use enamel paint on the hardboard. This board is excellent for achieving vivid colour."
383:
it is unlikely that a style emerged and spread so quickly over most of East Africa without any connection to traditional art. He claimed that his studies provided evidence for this claim.
239:
style. When
Tingatinga died in 1972, his style was so popular that it had started a wide movement of imitators and followers, sometimes informally referred to as the "Tingatinga school".
568:
347:
The claim by Merete Teisen about Tingatinga decorating house walls might also be interpreted as a clue to another origin of Tingatinga's paintings, namely the traditional
188:
Furthermore, Tingatinga did not hide the fact that he was signing all the paintings produced by his relatives and friends in the workshop in the backyard of his house.
335:. The claim that Tingatinga was of Mozambican descent is nevertheless rejected by most scholars and by the Tingatinga Society. Art trader Yves Goscinny suggested that
490:
227:
Tingatinga art originated in Tanzania in 1978. The art was named after Edward Tingatinga who started copying the art in 1968. He employed low-cost materials such as
452:. Besides using materials and techniques originally adopted by Tingatinga painters, Lilanga's art resembles Tingatinga also in its use of vibrant colours and its
386:
In 2010 Hanne Thorup interviewed Tingatinga student Omari Amonde, who confirmed that Tingatinga used to paint on hut walls as a young boy (around 12 years old).
584:
375:
painting curator Kenji Shiraishi, as well as modern travellers, have seen and documented these paintings in several locations in southern Tanzania, including
178:
This was the only employment Tingatinga had after he arrived from Mozambique at the age of 16 until he started painting, which he was taught by his employer.
203:
and other wild fauna). In this sense, Tingatinga paintings can be considered a form of "airport painting". The drawings themselves can be described as both
70:
Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
401:
to at least the 19th century. Based on this connection, Shiraishi concludes that Tingatinga art might be seen as the "longest artist trend ever".
546:
949:
910:
817:
751:
191:
Source: "Oriental Influences in Swahili, A Study in Language and Culture Contacts" by ABDULAZIZ Y. LODHI, ACTA UNIVERSITATIS GOTHOBURGENSIS
389:
Further elaborating on the Makua painting hypothesis, Shiraishi also suggested a connection between hut walls, painting and traditional
78:
181:
Even the Sherani, the Devil (and other 'evil spirits') in his paintings, was given a black face after the Indian demon king Ravana.
716:
340:
247:(e.g. crowded and busy streets and squares) were introduced, together with occasional technical novelties (such as the use of
516:
494:
983:
988:
417:
After Tingatinga's death, his direct six followers: Ajaba Abdallah Mtalia, Adeusi Mandu, January Linda, Casper Tedo,
581:
91:
Content in this edit is translated from the existing French Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.
100:
453:
600:
847:
86:
315:
It is controversial whether Tingatinga's style is completely original or a derivative of traditional forms of
248:
251:). One of the most well-known second-generation Tingatinga painters is Edward Tingatinga's brother-in-law,
978:
973:
107:
968:
836:
541:
169:
The Tingatinga school of painting sold their work in Oyster Bay, Dar es Salaam. Picture from 1973.
457:
921:
945:
906:
813:
747:
562:
444:
Lilanga himself in an interview with Kenji Shiraishi, specifically in reference to the use of
376:
336:
296:
165:
158:
153:
82:
851:
840:
588:
144:. Tingatinga is one of the most widely represented forms of tourist-oriented paintings in
121:
720:
471:
440:
356:
348:
962:
244:
200:
125:
Punda Milia Baba na Mama – painting in Tingatinga style by Rubuni Rashidi Sais (2021)
303:
291:
231:
and bicycle paint and attracted the attention of tourists for their colourful, both
152:
and neighbouring countries. The genre is named after its founder, Tanzanian painter
445:
352:
520:
418:
316:
252:
141:
428:
The Tingatinga Arts Cooperative Society launched its own website in May 2018,
360:
332:
328:
236:
208:
39:
449:
398:
368:
331:
origin and thus suggested that his style might have connections with modern
308:
232:
204:
409:
379:, a village where many relatives of Tingatinga's father still live today.
390:
228:
196:
145:
216:
89:
to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
877:"Tinga Tinga Art | Handmade African Art, Decor, Gifts & Paintings"
394:
324:
212:
604:
844:
697:
Mwasanga, National Arts Council, Mture Publishers, Tingatinga, p 30
470:
408:
372:
302:
290:
164:
149:
120:
674:
Off the walls to Hard Board and Canvas; What inspired Tingatinga?
942:
Tingatinga Kitch Or Quality Bicycle Enamel on Board & Canvas
876:
810:
Tingatinga Kitch Or Quality Bicycle Enamel on Board & Canvas
64:
429:
20:
659:/ Kenji Shiraishi and Fumiko Yamamoto. Tokyo: Kodansha, 1990)
156:. Tinga Tinga also insipired kids animation tales, namely
833:
439:
Although the internationally acclaimed Tanzanian artist
327:
critic Berit Sahlström claimed that Tingatinga was of
782:, p. 7. The book reports Lilanga's words as follows:
60:
491:"Exploring the Tingatinga Art Movement in Tanzania"
549:. Archived from the original on 17 September 2010
567:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
85:accompanying your translation by providing an
51:Click for important translation instructions.
38:expand this article with text translated from
653:Tinga TingaContemporary African Art and Mural
8:
922:"The Authenticity of Today's Tingatinga Art"
603:. Alexdrummerafrica.blog.com. Archived from
307:Wall paintings in Ngapa depict animals in a
359:. These paintings were first witnessed by
668:Hanne Thorup and Chitra Sundaram (2010),
140:) is a painting style that originated in
299:, the village of E.S Tingatinga's father
657:Tingatinga: Afurikan poppu-ato no sekai
601:"Are Tingatinga fakes a problem today?"
482:
867:, The Museum of Art, Kochi, Japan 2004
560:
243:new urban and multi-ethnic society of
7:
547:"The tinga tinga school of painting"
195:Tingatinga is traditionally made on
423:Tingatinga Arts Cooperative Society
796:Catalogue Raisonne, George Lilanga
405:The Tingatinga Cooperative Society
363:in 1906 and described in his book
311:that might resemble Tingatinga art
14:
940:Thorup, Tine; Sam, Cuong (2011).
808:Thorup, Tine; Sam, Cuong (2011).
717:"Tingatinga Co-operative Society"
542:The tingatinga school of painting
719:. Tingatinga.org. Archived from
519:. Tingatinga.org. Archived from
25:
16:Painting style from East Africa
339:might have been influenced by
95:You may also add the template
1:
435:Tingatinga and George Lilanga
780:Lilanga's Cosmos, Africa Hoy
456:style, that shares the same
321:Tingatinga and His Followers
97:{{Translated|fr|Tingatinga}}
920:Kilonzo, Kiagho B. (2016).
649:Commentary to Tingatinga II
1005:
265:Peacock on the Baobab Tree
59:Machine translation, like
670:Tingatinga, Kitsch or Art
582:Tingatinga first students
40:the corresponding article
742:Lilanga, George (2007).
636:Negerleben in Ostafrika
365:Negerleben in Ostafrika
319:. In his seminal paper
106:For more guidance, see
865:Tingatinga and Lilanga
625:"Art in Tanzania 2010"
479:
478:by Moses Wanyuki, 2007
414:
393:, an art form that in
312:
300:
170:
126:
474:
430:www.TingaTingaArt.com
412:
306:
294:
168:
124:
108:Knowledge:Translation
79:copyright attribution
850:14 July 2018 at the
839:12 July 2018 at the
706:Abdellahamani Hasani
371:Jesper Kirknaes and
351:wall decorations of
219:are often explicit.
984:Culture of Tanzania
397:has continued past
989:Visual arts genres
875:Art, Tinga Tinga.
794:Enrico Masceloni,
778:See K. Shiraishi,
688:, Africa Hoy, p. 7
672:, p. 22; article:
587:7 May 2012 at the
480:
415:
413:Leopards by Rubuni
313:
301:
295:Wall paintings in
171:
127:
87:interlanguage link
951:978-87-992635-2-3
912:978-9976-967-34-0
819:978-87-992635-2-3
753:978-88-89298-32-9
647:Kenji Shiraishi,
634:K. Weule (1908),
517:"Tinga Tinga art"
337:Edward Tingatinga
159:Tinga Tinga Tales
154:Edward Tingatinga
119:
118:
52:
48:
996:
955:
936:
934:
932:
916:
891:
889:
887:
868:
861:
855:
845:Makonde Carvings
830:
824:
823:
805:
799:
792:
786:
776:
770:
764:
758:
757:
744:Colors of Africa
739:
733:
732:
730:
728:
713:
707:
704:
698:
695:
689:
686:Lilanga's Cosmos
684:Kenji Shirashi,
682:
676:
666:
660:
645:
639:
632:
626:
623:
617:
616:
614:
612:
607:on 14 March 2012
597:
591:
579:
573:
572:
566:
558:
556:
554:
539:
533:
532:
530:
528:
513:
507:
506:
504:
502:
493:. Archived from
487:
98:
92:
65:Google Translate
50:
46:
29:
28:
21:
1004:
1003:
999:
998:
997:
995:
994:
993:
959:
958:
952:
939:
930:
928:
919:
913:
901:
898:
896:Further reading
885:
883:
881:Tinga Tinga Art
874:
871:
862:
858:
852:Wayback Machine
841:Wayback Machine
831:
827:
820:
807:
806:
802:
793:
789:
777:
773:
765:
761:
754:
746:. p. 136.
741:
740:
736:
726:
724:
723:on 28 July 2011
715:
714:
710:
705:
701:
696:
692:
683:
679:
667:
663:
646:
642:
633:
629:
624:
620:
610:
608:
599:
598:
594:
589:Wayback Machine
580:
576:
559:
552:
550:
545:
540:
536:
526:
524:
515:
514:
510:
500:
498:
497:on 17 July 2014
489:
488:
484:
469:
437:
407:
289:
225:
193:
172:
115:
114:
113:
96:
90:
53:
30:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1002:
1000:
992:
991:
986:
981:
976:
971:
961:
960:
957:
956:
950:
937:
917:
911:
897:
894:
893:
892:
870:
869:
863:K. Shiraishi,
856:
825:
818:
812:. p. 68.
800:
787:
771:
767:George Lilanga
759:
752:
734:
708:
699:
690:
677:
661:
640:
627:
618:
592:
574:
534:
523:on 12 May 2014
508:
481:
468:
465:
441:George Lilanga
436:
433:
406:
403:
391:rock paintings
357:Makonde people
288:
285:
224:
221:
117:
116:
112:
111:
104:
93:
71:
68:
57:
54:
47:(January 2023)
35:
34:
33:
31:
24:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1001:
990:
987:
985:
982:
980:
979:Dar es Salaam
977:
975:
974:Art movements
972:
970:
967:
966:
964:
953:
947:
943:
938:
927:
926:Sanaa Journal
923:
918:
914:
908:
904:
900:
899:
895:
882:
878:
873:
872:
866:
860:
857:
853:
849:
846:
842:
838:
835:
832:See also the
829:
826:
821:
815:
811:
804:
801:
797:
791:
788:
785:
781:
775:
772:
768:
763:
760:
755:
749:
745:
738:
735:
722:
718:
712:
709:
703:
700:
694:
691:
687:
681:
678:
675:
671:
665:
662:
658:
654:
650:
644:
641:
637:
631:
628:
622:
619:
606:
602:
596:
593:
590:
586:
583:
578:
575:
570:
564:
548:
543:
538:
535:
522:
518:
512:
509:
496:
492:
486:
483:
477:
476:Alone in Blue
473:
466:
464:
461:
460:
455:
451:
447:
442:
434:
432:
431:
426:
424:
420:
411:
404:
402:
400:
396:
392:
387:
384:
380:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
345:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
310:
305:
298:
293:
286:
284:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
256:
254:
250:
246:
245:Dar es Salaam
240:
238:
234:
230:
222:
220:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
192:
189:
186:
182:
179:
176:
167:
163:
161:
160:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
123:
109:
105:
102:
94:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
69:
66:
62:
58:
56:
55:
49:
43:
41:
36:You can help
32:
23:
22:
19:
941:
929:. Retrieved
925:
902:
884:. Retrieved
880:
864:
859:
828:
809:
803:
795:
790:
783:
779:
774:
769:, Kamphausen
766:
762:
743:
737:
727:30 September
725:. Retrieved
721:the original
711:
702:
693:
685:
680:
673:
669:
664:
656:
652:
648:
643:
635:
630:
621:
611:30 September
609:. Retrieved
605:the original
595:
577:
551:. Retrieved
537:
527:30 September
525:. Retrieved
521:the original
511:
499:. Retrieved
495:the original
485:
475:
459:horror vacui
458:
446:enamel paint
438:
427:
422:
416:
388:
385:
381:
364:
346:
320:
314:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
257:
241:
237:surrealistic
226:
194:
190:
187:
183:
180:
177:
173:
157:
137:
133:
132:(also spelt
129:
128:
83:edit summary
74:
45:
37:
18:
969:African art
931:16 February
834:Lilanga.org
651:; article:
501:23 December
454:composition
448:and square
419:Simon Mpata
369:ethnologist
317:East Africa
309:naïve style
253:Simon Mpata
249:perspective
209:caricatural
142:East Africa
138:Tinga Tinga
134:Tinga-tinga
963:Categories
903:Tingatinga
638:, Leipzig.
553:10 January
467:References
450:hardboards
361:Karl Weule
333:Mozambique
329:Mozambican
287:Influences
130:Tingatinga
886:5 October
399:Stone Age
341:Congolese
101:talk page
42:in French
905:. 1998.
854:websites
848:Archived
837:Archived
798:, p. XII
585:Archived
563:cite web
425:(TACS).
373:Japanese
269:Antelope
261:The lion
229:masonite
201:big five
197:masonite
146:Tanzania
77:provide
367:. Also
325:Swedish
277:Buffalo
273:Leopard
223:History
217:sarcasm
99:to the
81:in the
44:.
948:
909:
816:
750:
395:Africa
281:Monkey
213:humour
377:Ngapa
353:Makua
297:Ngapa
279:, or
233:naïve
205:naïve
150:Kenya
61:DeepL
946:ISBN
933:2021
907:ISBN
888:2018
843:and
814:ISBN
748:ISBN
729:2013
613:2013
569:link
555:2010
529:2013
503:2016
355:and
235:and
215:and
207:and
75:must
73:You
349:hut
136:or
63:or
965::
944:.
924:.
879:.
655:;
565:}}
561:{{
323:,
283:.
275:,
271:,
267:,
263:,
255:.
211:;
162:.
148:,
954:.
935:.
915:.
890:.
822:.
756:.
731:.
615:.
571:)
557:.
531:.
505:.
110:.
103:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
