754:: ≤99.55% Ti content) is more susceptible to hydrogen attack than pure α-titanium. Embrittlement, observed as a reduction in ductility and caused by the formation of a solid solution of hydrogen, can occur in CP-titanium at concentrations as low as 30-40 ppm. Hydride formation has been linked to the presence of iron in the surface of a Ti alloy. Hydride particles are observed in specimens of Ti and Ti alloys that have been welded, and because of this welding is often carried out under an inert gas shield to reduce the possibility of hydride formation.
186:
111:
728:
837:(BCC) structure called β-titanium. It can dissolve considerably more hydrogen, more than 2.1% hydrogen at 636 °C (1,177 °F). If titanium hydride contains more than 2.1% at 636 °C (1,177 °F) then it transforms into a face-centred cubic (FCC) structure called δ-titanium. It can dissolve even more hydrogen, as much as 4.0% hydrogen 37 °C (99 °F), which reflects the upper hydrogen content of titanium hydride.
46:
1469:
291:
833:(HCP) structure α-titanium. It is a fairly hard metal that can dissolve only a small concentration of hydrogen, no more than 0.20 wt% at 464 °C (867 °F), and only 0.02% at 25 °C (77 °F). If titanium hydride contains more than 0.20% hydrogen at titanium hydride-making temperatures it transforms into a
487:
approaches stoichiometry, it adopts a distorted body-centered tetragonal structure, termed the ε-form with an axial ratio of less than 1. This composition is very unstable with respect to partial thermal decomposition, unless maintained under a pure hydrogen atmosphere. Otherwise, the composition
710:
When titanium hydrides with less than 1.3% hydrogen, known as hypoeutectoid titanium hydride are cooled, the β-titanium phase of the mixture attempts to revert to the α-titanium phase, resulting in an excess of hydrogen. One way for hydrogen to leave the β-titanium phase is for the titanium to
718:
rapidly, it forms into γ-titanium hydride, as the atoms "freeze" in place when the cell structure changes from hcp to fcc. γ-Titanium takes a body centred tetragonal (bct) structure. Moreover, there is no compositional change so the atoms generally retain their same neighbours.
824:
Even in the narrow range of concentrations that make up titanium hydride, mixtures of hydrogen and titanium can form a number of different structures, with very different properties. Understanding such properties is essential to making quality titanium hydride. At
405:
is treated with hydrogen gas at atmospheric pressure at between 300-500 °C. Absorption of hydrogen is exothermic and rapid, changing the color of the sponge grey/black. The brittle product is ground to a powder, which has a composition around
367:, and possibly other elements. When hydrogen is the main alloying element, its content in the titanium hydride is between 0.02% and 4.0% by weight. Alloying elements intentionally added to modify the characteristics of titanium hydride include
448:
is unaffected by water and air. It is slowly attacked by strong acids and is degraded by hydrofluoric and hot sulfuric acids. It reacts rapidly with oxidizing agents, this reactivity leading to the use of titanium hydride in pyrotechnics.
777:, a process which also results in a distinctive colouration of the material. Ti and Ti alloys are often used in hydrogen containing environments and in conditions where hydrogen is reduced electrolytically on the surface.
711:
partially transform into δ-titanium, leaving behind titanium that is low enough in hydrogen to take the form of α-titanium, resulting in an α-titanium matrix with δ-titanium inclusions.
495:
is reached. This composition adopts the fluorite structure, and is termed the δ-form, and only very slowly thermally decomposing at room temperature until an approximate composition of
304:
509:
structure at room temperature. Hydrogen initially occupies tetrahedral interstitial sites in the titanium. As the H/Ti ratio approaches 2, the material adopts the β-form to a
1039:
750:
of titanium surfaces. The effect of hydrogen is to a large extent determined by the composition, metallurgical history and handling of the Ti and Ti alloy. CP-titanium (
848:
and quenching. Annealing is the process of heating the titanium hydride to a sufficiently high temperature to soften it. This process occurs through three phases:
1128:
M. Baudler "Hydrogen, Deuterium, Water" in
Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry, 2nd Ed. Edited by G. Brauer, Academic Press, 1963, NY. Vol. 1. p. 114-115.
1501:
2362:
1680:
860:. The temperature required to anneal titanium hydride depends on the type of annealing. Annealing must be done under a hydrogen atmosphere to prevent
1437:
Setoyama, Daigo; Matsunaga, Junji; Muta, Hiroaki; Uno, Masayohi; Yamanaka, Shinsuke (3 November 2004). "Mechanical properties of titanium hydride".
1378:
1313:
968:
909:
502:
is reached, at which point, inclusions of the hexagonal close packed α-form, which is the same form as pure titanium, begin to appear.
929:
821:
of titanium hydride varies based on the alloying constituents, but for pure titanium hydride it ranges between 3.76 and 4.51 g/cm.
1494:
1394:
Lu, Gang; Bernasek, Steven L.; Schwartz, Jeffrey (2000). "Oxidation of a polycrystalline titanium surface by oxygen and water".
5142:
2355:
1794:
735:
The absorption of hydrogen and the formation of titanium hydride are a source of damage to titanium and titanium alloys. This
853:
506:
452:
The material has been used to produce highly pure hydrogen, which is released upon heating the solid. Hydrogen release in TiH
714:
A metastable γ-titanium hydride phase has been reported. When α-titanium hydride with a hydrogen content of 0.02-0.06% is
340:
materials. It is commercially available as a stable grey/black powder, which is used as an additive in the production of
311:
2371:
2217:
143:
2245:
1918:
1487:
1329:
Numakura, H; Koiwa, M; Asano, H; Izumi, F (1988). "Neutron diffraction study of the metastable γ titanium deuteride".
164:
1473:
773:
oxides, which offers a degree of protection to hydrogen entering the bulk. The thickness of this can be increased by
739:
process is of particular concern when titanium and alloys are used as structural materials, as in nuclear reactors.
5157:
2348:
2231:
505:
The evolution of the dihydride from titanium metal and hydrogen has been examined in some detail. α-Titanium has a
337:
4380:
2203:
704:
5152:
2119:
830:
5147:
5100:
4996:
4773:
2318:
2275:
2187:
2063:
1642:
758:
5092:
4869:
4837:
4074:
4050:
4038:
2453:
106:
5084:
5028:
4861:
4829:
4797:
4781:
4741:
4518:
4497:
4110:
4098:
4086:
4062:
2163:
1758:
1750:
1730:
1621:
1613:
845:
736:
577:
456:
starts just above 400 °C but may not be complete until the melting point of titanium metal. Titanium
5076:
5052:
5020:
4978:
4941:
4813:
4733:
4725:
4505:
4492:
4476:
4436:
4420:
4412:
813:, titanium hydride releases hydrogen which serves to remove carbon and oxygen, producing a strong alloy.
513:, δ-form, the H atoms eventually filling all the tetrahedral sites to give the limiting stoichiometry of
4962:
4933:
4925:
4917:
4885:
4853:
4805:
4789:
4749:
4523:
4460:
4428:
4404:
3907:
3890:
2458:
2443:
2438:
2310:
1966:
1878:
1708:
1659:
1605:
1583:
1524:
1258:
Brown, Charles C.; Buxbaum, Robert E. (June 1988). "Kinetics of hydrogen absorption in alpha titanium".
1176:
Zhang, Heng; Kisi, Erich H (1997). "Formation of titanium hydride at room temperature by ball milling".
901:
849:
62:
4954:
4909:
4901:
4877:
4845:
4765:
4510:
985:
4893:
4757:
4617:
5060:
5004:
4970:
4581:
4536:
4484:
4452:
4189:
2952:
2027:
1838:
1778:
1770:
1738:
1629:
1561:
1540:
1403:
1267:
1185:
1093:
1077:
997:
834:
695:
636:
510:
32:
5068:
3735:
3641:
3617:
3605:
703:
If titanium hydride contains 4.0% hydrogen at less than around 40 °C then it transforms into a
181:
5121:
5012:
4697:
4531:
4153:
3927:
3677:
3665:
3653:
3629:
3173:
2947:
2448:
2259:
2171:
2103:
1958:
1950:
1721:
1647:
1566:
1548:
766:
78:
3723:
3239:
3227:
4685:
4680:
4589:
4573:
4180:
4014:
3984:
3920:
3062:
2283:
1942:
1600:
1556:
1510:
1283:
1228:
1209:
1013:
762:
327:
3689:
3565:
3276:
3215:
3098:
3086:
3074:
2807:
2772:
2322:
3450:
3426:
3414:
1227:
Paulin, Irena; Donik, Črtomir; Mandrino, Djordje; Vončina, Maja; Jenko, Monika (January 2012).
5044:
5036:
4602:
4565:
4468:
4359:
4344:
4339:
4284:
4144:
3936:
3486:
3474:
3462:
3438:
3363:
3187:
2764:
2694:
2554:
2502:
2486:
2478:
2399:
1894:
1858:
1700:
1419:
1374:
1346:
1309:
1201:
964:
925:
905:
810:
434:
Other methods of producing titanium hydride include electrochemical and ball milling methods.
28:
3153:
4821:
4557:
4544:
4388:
4349:
4275:
4262:
4216:
4005:
2883:
2527:
2404:
2151:
2135:
2091:
2055:
2039:
1818:
1806:
1716:
1637:
1446:
1411:
1338:
1275:
1240:
1193:
1151:
1101:
1051:
1005:
956:
893:
826:
798:
778:
770:
269:
203:
152:
4672:
4552:
4396:
4354:
4330:
4316:
4302:
2968:
2619:
2494:
2409:
2389:
2314:
2019:
1926:
1786:
727:
414:
88:
781:, an acid bath treatment which is used to clean the surface can be a source of hydrogen.
1407:
1271:
1189:
1097:
1001:
185:
110:
4647:
4597:
3868:
2960:
2667:
2643:
2631:
2607:
2510:
2394:
841:
809:, and as a precursor to porous titanium. When heated as a mixture with other metals in
282:
1415:
1139:
45:
5136:
2291:
2267:
1342:
1213:
1197:
1155:
1017:
873:
806:
258:
99:
1287:
5113:
4664:
4633:
4267:
3972:
3960:
3703:
3593:
3512:
2326:
1826:
924:
Holleman, A. F.; Wiberg, E. "Inorganic
Chemistry" Academic Press: San Diego, 2001.
857:
794:
402:
132:
1450:
17:
1244:
986:"An experimental and thermodynamic investigation of the hydrogen-titanium system"
4706:
4653:
4307:
4240:
4122:
3997:
3711:
3581:
3038:
3026:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2892:
2595:
2583:
2571:
2079:
2340:
4365:
4026:
3948:
3822:
3050:
2655:
1105:
861:
345:
223:
27:
This article is about the stable titanium hydride. For the unstable molecular
1423:
1350:
1205:
960:
3881:
3846:
3573:
3544:
3390:
3320:
3260:
3203:
3014:
2930:
2737:
774:
743:
715:
380:
1009:
488:
rapidly decomposes at room temperature until an approximate composition of
1468:
4297:
3876:
3772:
3532:
3402:
3303:
3268:
3161:
3132:
3002:
2828:
2799:
2559:
2127:
747:
376:
364:
360:
344:
sintered magnets, in the sintering of powdered metals, the production of
4136:
3799:
3520:
3382:
3195:
3124:
3110:
2986:
2729:
2702:
2538:
2419:
2379:
1279:
818:
802:
790:
467:
457:
368:
248:
119:
3764:
3756:
2994:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2546:
1479:
1055:
417:
under flowing hydrogen at 700 °C, the idealized equation being:
341:
281:
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their
3498:
3374:
726:
356:
348:, the production of powdered titanium metal and in pyrotechnics.
372:
2344:
1483:
844:
processes available to titanium hydride. The most common are
413:. In the laboratory, titanium hydride is produced by heating
1306:
The Metal-Hydrogen System, Basic Bulk
Properties, 2d edition
731:
Selected colours achievable through anodization of titanium.
169:
391:
In the commercial process for producing non-stoichiometric
951:
Rittmeyer, Peter; Weitelmann, Ulrich (2005). "Hydrides".
524:
Temperature approx. 500 °C, taken from illustration
520:. The various phases are described in the table below.
299:
723:
Hydrogen embrittlement in titanium and titanium alloys
1229:"Surface characterization of titanium hydride powder"
5112:
4953:
4724:
4379:
4329:
4232:
4209:
4173:
4135:
3996:
3919:
3906:
3838:
3815:
3792:
3755:
3702:
3564:
3511:
3373:
3362:
3319:
3296:
3259:
3186:
3152:
3123:
2985:
2891:
2882:
2827:
2792:
2757:
2722:
2687:
2537:
2526:
2471:
2431:
2418:
2378:
2303:
2012:
1693:
1675:
1593:
1578:
1517:
1140:"The electrochemical formation of titanium hydride"
1138:Millenbach, Pauline; Givon, Meir (1 October 1982).
1078:"Structural stability and hydrogen diffusion in TiH
742:Hydrogen embrittlement manifests as a reduction in
131:
1076:Wang, Xin-Quan; Wang, Jian-Tao (15 June 2010).
87:
953:Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry
2356:
1495:
466:) has been proposed for long-term storage of
8:
1364:
1362:
1360:
4229:
4206:
4170:
4132:
3993:
3916:
3835:
3812:
3789:
3752:
3699:
3561:
3508:
3370:
3316:
3293:
3256:
3183:
3149:
3120:
2982:
2940:
2888:
2824:
2789:
2754:
2719:
2684:
2534:
2468:
2428:
2363:
2349:
2341:
2009:
1672:
1575:
1502:
1488:
1480:
946:
944:
942:
940:
938:
829:, the most stable form of titanium is the
184:
109:
37:
151:
2252:
2248:
2238:
2234:
2224:
2220:
2210:
2206:
1299:
1297:
1124:
1122:
689:
682:
661:
654:
630:
623:
602:
595:
571:
564:
540:
522:
516:
498:
491:
481:
444:
427:
423:
409:
394:
332:
231:
211:
885:
180:
66:titanium dihydride (hydrogen deficient)
1040:"Nuclear magnetic resonance in alloys"
100:
984:McQuillan, A. D. (22 December 1950).
7:
1178:Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter
253:3.76 g/cm (typical commercial form)
707:(bct) structure called ε-titanium.
122:
990:Proceedings of the Royal Society A
25:
1144:Journal of the Less Common Metals
1467:
289:
44:
1439:Journal of Alloys and Compounds
285:(at 25 °C , 100 kPa).
243:black powder (commercial form)
1:
1676:Organotitanium(III) compounds
1451:10.1016/j.jallcom.2004.04.073
1416:10.1016/S0039-6028(00)00420-9
1369:Donachie, Matthew J. (2000).
2372:Binary compounds of hydrogen
2304:Organotitanium(IV) compounds
1579:Organotitanium(II) compounds
1343:10.1016/0001-6160(88)90326-4
1260:Metallurgical Transactions A
1245:10.1016/j.vacuum.2011.07.054
1156:10.1016/0022-5088(82)90086-8
789:Common applications include
507:hexagonal close packed (hcp)
1371:Titanium: A Technical Guide
761:, composed of a mixture of
5174:
1198:10.1088/0953-8984/9/11/005
1086:Solid State Communications
26:
4381:Transition metal hydrides
2943:
1106:10.1016/j.ssc.2010.06.004
898:Chemistry of the Elements
896:; Earnshaw, Alan (1997).
279:
196:
71:
61:
56:
43:
961:10.1002/14356007.a13_199
840:There are many types of
757:Ti and Ti alloys form a
511:face centred cubic (fcc)
1038:Bennett, L. H. (1980).
705:body-centred tetragonal
353:titanium–hydrogen alloy
326:normally refers to the
51:Titanium hydride powder
5143:Titanium(II) compounds
5114:Exotic matter hydrides
1010:10.1098/rspa.1950.0176
831:hexagonal close-packed
737:hydrogen embrittlement
732:
1373:. ASM International.
902:Butterworth-Heinemann
894:Greenwood, Norman N.
730:
1476:at Wikimedia Commons
1092:(35–36): 1715–1718.
33:Titanium(IV) hydride
4726:Lanthanide hydrides
4333:(Group 17 hydrides)
3912:(Group 16 hydrides)
3366:(Group 15) hydrides
1408:2000SurSc.458...80L
1272:1988MTA....19.1425B
1190:1997JPCM....9L.185Z
1098:2010SSCom.150.1715W
1002:1950RSPSA.204..309M
759:surface oxide layer
525:
270:Solubility in water
40:
2382:(Group 1) hydrides
2013:Titanate compounds
1511:Titanium compounds
1280:10.1007/bf02674016
835:body-centred cubic
801:, as a laboratory
733:
523:
328:inorganic compound
312:Infobox references
38:
18:Titanium dihydride
5158:Pyrotechnic fuels
5130:
5129:
4955:Actinide hydrides
4331:Hydrogen halides
4293:
4258:
4257:
4228:
4227:
4205:
4204:
4169:
4168:
4131:
4130:
3992:
3991:
3898:
3864:
3863:
3834:
3833:
3811:
3810:
3788:
3787:
3751:
3750:
3698:
3697:
3560:
3559:
3507:
3506:
3358:
3357:
3315:
3314:
3292:
3291:
3255:
3254:
3182:
3181:
3148:
3147:
3119:
3118:
2981:
2980:
2939:
2938:
2884:Group 14 hydrides
2878:
2877:
2823:
2822:
2788:
2787:
2753:
2752:
2718:
2717:
2683:
2682:
2522:
2521:
2467:
2466:
2338:
2337:
2334:
2333:
1689:
1688:
1589:
1588:
1472:Media related to
1380:978-0-87170-686-7
1331:Acta Metallurgica
1315:978-3-540-00494-3
1304:Fukai, Y (2005).
1184:(11): L185–L190.
996:(1078): 309–323.
970:978-3-527-30673-2
911:978-0-08-037941-8
854:recrystallization
811:powder metallurgy
752:commercially pure
701:
700:
338:nonstoichiometric
320:Chemical compound
318:
317:
165:CompTox Dashboard
39:Titanium hydride
29:chemical compound
16:(Redirected from
5165:
4291:
4230:
4207:
4171:
4133:
3994:
3917:
3896:
3836:
3813:
3790:
3753:
3700:
3562:
3509:
3371:
3317:
3294:
3257:
3184:
3150:
3121:
2983:
2941:
2889:
2825:
2790:
2755:
2720:
2685:
2535:
2469:
2429:
2365:
2358:
2351:
2342:
2255:
2241:
2227:
2213:
2010:
2004:
2003:
2002:
1994:
1993:
1985:
1984:
1976:
1975:
1673:
1576:
1504:
1497:
1490:
1481:
1474:Titanium hydride
1471:
1455:
1454:
1445:(1–2): 215–220.
1434:
1428:
1427:
1391:
1385:
1384:
1366:
1355:
1354:
1337:(8): 2267–2273.
1326:
1320:
1319:
1301:
1292:
1291:
1266:(6): 1425–1427.
1255:
1249:
1248:
1224:
1218:
1217:
1173:
1167:
1166:
1164:
1162:
1135:
1129:
1126:
1117:
1116:
1114:
1112:
1073:
1067:
1066:
1064:
1062:
1056:10.1557/PROC-3-3
1035:
1029:
1028:
1026:
1024:
981:
975:
974:
948:
933:
922:
916:
915:
900:(2nd ed.).
890:
827:room temperature
799:sports equipment
692:
685:
664:
657:
633:
626:
605:
598:
574:
567:
545:
526:
519:
501:
494:
486:
447:
430:
412:
400:
335:
324:Titanium hydride
302:
296:
293:
292:
234:
217:
204:Chemical formula
189:
188:
173:
171:
155:
135:
124:
113:
102:
91:
48:
41:
21:
5173:
5172:
5168:
5167:
5166:
5164:
5163:
5162:
5153:Reducing agents
5133:
5132:
5131:
5126:
5108:
5104:
5096:
5088:
5080:
5072:
5064:
5056:
5048:
5040:
5032:
5024:
5016:
5008:
5000:
4993:
4989:
4982:
4974:
4966:
4949:
4945:
4937:
4929:
4921:
4913:
4905:
4897:
4889:
4881:
4873:
4865:
4857:
4849:
4841:
4833:
4825:
4817:
4809:
4801:
4793:
4785:
4777:
4769:
4761:
4753:
4745:
4737:
4720:
4710:
4701:
4693:
4689:
4676:
4668:
4637:
4623:
4608:
4593:
4585:
4577:
4569:
4561:
4548:
4540:
4527:
4514:
4501:
4488:
4480:
4472:
4464:
4456:
4448:
4440:
4432:
4424:
4416:
4408:
4400:
4392:
4375:
4332:
4325:
4320:
4311:
4288:
4279:
4271:
4254:
4244:
4224:
4220:
4201:
4197:
4193:
4184:
4165:
4161:
4157:
4148:
4127:
4118:
4114:
4106:
4102:
4094:
4090:
4082:
4078:
4070:
4066:
4058:
4054:
4046:
4042:
4034:
4030:
4022:
4018:
4009:
3988:
3980:
3976:
3968:
3964:
3956:
3952:
3944:
3940:
3931:
3911:
3909:
3902:
3894:
3885:
3872:
3860:
3850:
3830:
3826:
3807:
3803:
3784:
3780:
3776:
3768:
3747:
3743:
3739:
3731:
3727:
3719:
3715:
3694:
3685:
3681:
3673:
3669:
3661:
3657:
3649:
3645:
3637:
3633:
3625:
3621:
3613:
3609:
3601:
3597:
3589:
3585:
3577:
3556:
3552:
3548:
3540:
3536:
3528:
3524:
3503:
3494:
3490:
3482:
3478:
3470:
3466:
3458:
3454:
3446:
3442:
3434:
3430:
3422:
3418:
3410:
3406:
3398:
3394:
3386:
3365:
3354:
3350:
3342:
3311:
3307:
3288:
3284:
3280:
3272:
3251:
3247:
3243:
3235:
3231:
3223:
3219:
3211:
3207:
3199:
3178:
3169:
3165:
3144:
3140:
3136:
3115:
3106:
3102:
3094:
3090:
3082:
3078:
3070:
3066:
3058:
3054:
3046:
3042:
3034:
3030:
3022:
3018:
3010:
3006:
2998:
2977:
2972:
2964:
2956:
2935:
2874:
2870:
2862:
2858:
2850:
2819:
2815:
2811:
2803:
2784:
2780:
2776:
2768:
2749:
2745:
2741:
2733:
2714:
2710:
2706:
2698:
2679:
2675:
2671:
2663:
2659:
2651:
2647:
2639:
2635:
2627:
2623:
2615:
2611:
2603:
2599:
2591:
2587:
2579:
2575:
2567:
2563:
2550:
2529:
2518:
2514:
2506:
2498:
2490:
2482:
2463:
2423:
2421:
2414:
2381:
2374:
2369:
2339:
2330:
2299:
2295:
2287:
2279:
2271:
2263:
2254:
2250:
2246:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2199:
2195:
2191:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2167:
2159:
2155:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2131:
2123:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2099:
2095:
2087:
2083:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2059:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2035:
2031:
2023:
2008:
2001:
1998:
1997:
1996:
1992:
1989:
1988:
1987:
1983:
1980:
1979:
1978:
1974:
1971:
1970:
1969:
1967:
1962:
1954:
1946:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1922:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1834:
1830:
1822:
1814:
1810:
1802:
1798:
1790:
1782:
1774:
1766:
1762:
1754:
1746:
1742:
1734:
1725:
1712:
1704:
1685:
1683:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1655:
1651:
1633:
1625:
1617:
1609:
1585:
1574:
1570:
1552:
1544:
1536:
1528:
1513:
1508:
1464:
1459:
1458:
1436:
1435:
1431:
1396:Surface Science
1393:
1392:
1388:
1381:
1368:
1367:
1358:
1328:
1327:
1323:
1316:
1303:
1302:
1295:
1257:
1256:
1252:
1226:
1225:
1221:
1175:
1174:
1170:
1160:
1158:
1137:
1136:
1132:
1127:
1120:
1110:
1108:
1081:
1075:
1074:
1070:
1060:
1058:
1044:MRS Proceedings
1037:
1036:
1032:
1022:
1020:
983:
982:
978:
971:
950:
949:
936:
923:
919:
912:
892:
891:
887:
882:
870:
816:
787:
746:and eventually
725:
691:
687:
684:
680:
663:
659:
656:
652:
632:
628:
625:
621:
604:
600:
597:
593:
573:
569:
566:
562:
544:
538:
535:Atomic % H
532:Weight % H
518:
514:
500:
496:
493:
489:
485:
479:
476:
465:
455:
446:
442:
440:
429:
425:
421:
415:titanium powder
411:
407:
399:
392:
389:
334:
330:
321:
314:
309:
308:
307: ?)
298:
294:
290:
286:
272:
235:)
233:
229:
216:
209:
206:
192:
174:
167:
158:
138:
125:
94:
81:
67:
52:
49:
36:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5171:
5169:
5161:
5160:
5155:
5150:
5148:Metal hydrides
5145:
5135:
5134:
5128:
5127:
5125:
5124:
5118:
5116:
5110:
5109:
5107:
5106:
5102:
5098:
5094:
5090:
5086:
5082:
5078:
5074:
5070:
5066:
5062:
5058:
5054:
5050:
5046:
5042:
5038:
5034:
5030:
5026:
5022:
5018:
5014:
5010:
5006:
5002:
4998:
4994:
4991:
4987:
4984:
4980:
4976:
4972:
4968:
4964:
4959:
4957:
4951:
4950:
4948:
4947:
4943:
4939:
4935:
4931:
4927:
4923:
4919:
4915:
4911:
4907:
4903:
4899:
4895:
4891:
4887:
4883:
4879:
4875:
4871:
4867:
4863:
4859:
4855:
4851:
4847:
4843:
4839:
4835:
4831:
4827:
4823:
4819:
4815:
4811:
4807:
4803:
4799:
4795:
4791:
4787:
4783:
4779:
4775:
4771:
4767:
4763:
4759:
4755:
4751:
4747:
4743:
4739:
4735:
4730:
4728:
4722:
4721:
4719:
4718:
4708:
4703:
4699:
4695:
4691:
4687:
4683:
4678:
4674:
4670:
4666:
4662:
4650:
4645:
4635:
4630:
4619:
4615:
4604:
4600:
4595:
4591:
4587:
4583:
4579:
4575:
4571:
4567:
4563:
4559:
4555:
4550:
4546:
4542:
4538:
4534:
4529:
4525:
4521:
4516:
4512:
4508:
4503:
4499:
4495:
4490:
4486:
4482:
4478:
4474:
4470:
4466:
4462:
4458:
4454:
4450:
4446:
4442:
4438:
4434:
4430:
4426:
4422:
4418:
4414:
4410:
4406:
4402:
4398:
4394:
4390:
4385:
4383:
4377:
4376:
4374:
4362:
4357:
4352:
4347:
4342:
4337:
4335:
4327:
4326:
4324:
4323:
4318:
4314:
4309:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4286:
4281:
4277:
4273:
4269:
4265:
4259:
4256:
4255:
4253:
4252:
4242:
4236:
4234:
4226:
4225:
4223:
4222:
4218:
4213:
4211:
4203:
4202:
4200:
4199:
4195:
4191:
4187:
4182:
4177:
4175:
4167:
4166:
4164:
4163:
4159:
4155:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4139:
4129:
4128:
4126:
4125:
4120:
4116:
4112:
4108:
4104:
4100:
4096:
4092:
4088:
4084:
4080:
4076:
4072:
4068:
4064:
4060:
4056:
4052:
4048:
4044:
4040:
4036:
4032:
4028:
4024:
4020:
4016:
4012:
4007:
4002:
4000:
3990:
3989:
3987:
3982:
3978:
3974:
3970:
3966:
3962:
3958:
3954:
3950:
3946:
3942:
3938:
3934:
3929:
3925:
3923:
3914:
3910:chalcogenides
3904:
3903:
3901:
3900:
3892:
3887:
3883:
3879:
3874:
3870:
3865:
3862:
3861:
3859:
3858:
3848:
3842:
3840:
3832:
3831:
3829:
3828:
3824:
3819:
3817:
3809:
3808:
3806:
3805:
3801:
3796:
3794:
3786:
3785:
3783:
3782:
3778:
3774:
3770:
3766:
3761:
3759:
3749:
3748:
3746:
3745:
3741:
3737:
3733:
3729:
3725:
3721:
3717:
3713:
3708:
3706:
3696:
3695:
3693:
3692:
3687:
3683:
3679:
3675:
3671:
3667:
3663:
3659:
3655:
3651:
3647:
3643:
3639:
3635:
3631:
3627:
3623:
3619:
3615:
3611:
3607:
3603:
3599:
3595:
3591:
3587:
3583:
3579:
3575:
3570:
3568:
3558:
3557:
3555:
3554:
3550:
3546:
3542:
3538:
3534:
3530:
3526:
3522:
3517:
3515:
3505:
3504:
3502:
3501:
3496:
3492:
3488:
3484:
3480:
3476:
3472:
3468:
3464:
3460:
3456:
3452:
3448:
3444:
3440:
3436:
3432:
3428:
3424:
3420:
3416:
3412:
3408:
3404:
3400:
3396:
3392:
3388:
3384:
3379:
3377:
3368:
3360:
3359:
3356:
3355:
3353:
3352:
3348:
3344:
3340:
3336:
3330:
3328:
3313:
3312:
3310:
3309:
3305:
3300:
3298:
3290:
3289:
3287:
3286:
3282:
3278:
3274:
3270:
3265:
3263:
3253:
3252:
3250:
3249:
3245:
3241:
3237:
3233:
3229:
3225:
3221:
3217:
3213:
3209:
3205:
3201:
3197:
3192:
3190:
3180:
3179:
3177:
3176:
3171:
3167:
3163:
3158:
3156:
3146:
3145:
3143:
3142:
3138:
3134:
3129:
3127:
3117:
3116:
3114:
3113:
3108:
3104:
3100:
3096:
3092:
3088:
3084:
3080:
3076:
3072:
3068:
3064:
3060:
3056:
3052:
3048:
3044:
3040:
3036:
3032:
3028:
3024:
3020:
3016:
3012:
3008:
3004:
3000:
2996:
2991:
2989:
2979:
2978:
2976:
2975:
2970:
2966:
2962:
2958:
2954:
2950:
2944:
2937:
2936:
2934:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2897:
2895:
2886:
2880:
2879:
2876:
2875:
2873:
2872:
2868:
2864:
2860:
2856:
2852:
2848:
2844:
2838:
2836:
2821:
2820:
2818:
2817:
2813:
2809:
2805:
2801:
2796:
2794:
2786:
2785:
2783:
2782:
2778:
2774:
2770:
2766:
2761:
2759:
2751:
2750:
2748:
2747:
2743:
2739:
2735:
2731:
2726:
2724:
2716:
2715:
2713:
2712:
2708:
2704:
2700:
2696:
2691:
2689:
2681:
2680:
2678:
2677:
2673:
2669:
2665:
2661:
2657:
2653:
2649:
2645:
2641:
2637:
2633:
2629:
2625:
2621:
2617:
2613:
2609:
2605:
2601:
2597:
2593:
2589:
2585:
2581:
2577:
2573:
2569:
2565:
2561:
2557:
2552:
2548:
2543:
2541:
2532:
2524:
2523:
2520:
2519:
2517:
2516:
2512:
2508:
2504:
2500:
2496:
2492:
2488:
2484:
2480:
2475:
2473:
2465:
2464:
2462:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2435:
2433:
2426:
2424:earth hydrides
2416:
2415:
2413:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2386:
2384:
2376:
2375:
2370:
2368:
2367:
2360:
2353:
2345:
2336:
2335:
2332:
2331:
2329:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2307:
2305:
2301:
2300:
2298:
2297:
2293:
2289:
2285:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2243:
2229:
2215:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2016:
2014:
2007:
2006:
1999:
1990:
1981:
1972:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1723:
1719:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1697:
1695:
1691:
1690:
1687:
1686:
1681:
1679:
1677:
1670:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1597:
1595:
1591:
1590:
1587:
1586:
1582:
1580:
1573:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1521:
1519:
1515:
1514:
1509:
1507:
1506:
1499:
1492:
1484:
1478:
1477:
1463:
1462:External links
1460:
1457:
1456:
1429:
1402:(1–3): 80–90.
1386:
1379:
1356:
1321:
1314:
1293:
1250:
1239:(6): 608–613.
1219:
1168:
1150:(2): 179–184.
1130:
1118:
1079:
1068:
1030:
976:
969:
934:
917:
910:
884:
883:
881:
878:
877:
876:
869:
866:
786:
783:
724:
721:
699:
698:
693:
678:
675:
672:
668:
667:
665:
650:
647:
644:
640:
639:
634:
619:
616:
613:
609:
608:
606:
591:
588:
585:
581:
580:
575:
560:
557:
554:
550:
549:
548:Metal lattice
546:
536:
533:
530:
475:
472:
461:
453:
439:
436:
432:
431:
388:
385:
351:Also known as
319:
316:
315:
310:
288:
287:
283:standard state
280:
277:
276:
273:
268:
265:
264:
261:
255:
254:
251:
245:
244:
241:
237:
236:
226:
220:
219:
207:
202:
199:
198:
194:
193:
191:
190:
182:DTXSID60894225
177:
175:
163:
160:
159:
157:
156:
148:
146:
140:
139:
137:
136:
128:
126:
118:
115:
114:
104:
96:
95:
93:
92:
84:
82:
77:
74:
73:
69:
68:
65:
59:
58:
54:
53:
50:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5170:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5140:
5138:
5123:
5120:
5119:
5117:
5115:
5111:
5105:
5099:
5097:
5091:
5089:
5083:
5081:
5075:
5073:
5067:
5065:
5059:
5057:
5051:
5049:
5043:
5041:
5035:
5033:
5027:
5025:
5019:
5017:
5011:
5009:
5003:
5001:
4995:
4985:
4983:
4977:
4975:
4969:
4967:
4961:
4960:
4958:
4956:
4952:
4946:
4940:
4938:
4932:
4930:
4924:
4922:
4916:
4914:
4908:
4906:
4900:
4898:
4892:
4890:
4884:
4882:
4876:
4874:
4868:
4866:
4860:
4858:
4852:
4850:
4844:
4842:
4836:
4834:
4828:
4826:
4820:
4818:
4812:
4810:
4804:
4802:
4796:
4794:
4788:
4786:
4780:
4778:
4772:
4770:
4764:
4762:
4756:
4754:
4748:
4746:
4740:
4738:
4732:
4731:
4729:
4727:
4723:
4716:
4712:
4711:
4704:
4702:
4696:
4694:
4684:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4671:
4669:
4663:
4660:
4656:
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4607:
4601:
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4509:
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4496:
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4409:
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4315:
4313:
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4299:
4296:
4294:
4290:
4282:
4280:
4274:
4272:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4260:
4250:
4246:
4245:
4238:
4237:
4235:
4231:
4221:
4215:
4214:
4212:
4208:
4198:
4188:
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4179:
4178:
4176:
4172:
4162:
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4142:
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4138:
4134:
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4119:
4109:
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4097:
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4083:
4073:
4071:
4061:
4059:
4049:
4047:
4037:
4035:
4025:
4023:
4013:
4011:
4004:
4003:
4001:
3999:
3995:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3971:
3969:
3959:
3957:
3947:
3945:
3935:
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3926:
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3915:
3913:
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3875:
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3821:
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3814:
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3604:
3602:
3592:
3590:
3580:
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3572:
3571:
3569:
3567:
3563:
3553:
3543:
3541:
3531:
3529:
3519:
3518:
3516:
3514:
3510:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3485:
3483:
3473:
3471:
3461:
3459:
3449:
3447:
3437:
3435:
3425:
3423:
3413:
3411:
3401:
3399:
3389:
3387:
3381:
3380:
3378:
3376:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3361:
3351:
3345:
3343:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3322:
3318:
3308:
3302:
3301:
3299:
3295:
3285:
3275:
3273:
3267:
3266:
3264:
3262:
3258:
3248:
3238:
3236:
3226:
3224:
3214:
3212:
3202:
3200:
3194:
3193:
3191:
3189:
3185:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3160:
3159:
3157:
3155:
3151:
3141:
3131:
3130:
3128:
3126:
3122:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3097:
3095:
3085:
3083:
3073:
3071:
3061:
3059:
3049:
3047:
3037:
3035:
3025:
3023:
3013:
3011:
3001:
2999:
2993:
2992:
2990:
2988:
2984:
2974:
2967:
2965:
2959:
2957:
2951:
2949:
2946:
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2927:
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2922:
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2909:
2907:
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2902:
2899:
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2885:
2881:
2871:
2865:
2863:
2853:
2851:
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2840:
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2837:
2834:
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2826:
2816:
2806:
2804:
2798:
2797:
2795:
2791:
2781:
2771:
2769:
2763:
2762:
2760:
2756:
2746:
2736:
2734:
2728:
2727:
2725:
2721:
2711:
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2699:
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2640:
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2542:
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2515:
2509:
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2485:
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2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2387:
2385:
2383:
2380:Alkali metal
2377:
2373:
2366:
2361:
2359:
2354:
2352:
2347:
2346:
2343:
2327:
2325:
2323:
2321:
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2242:
2230:
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2202:
2200:
2186:
2184:
2170:
2168:
2162:
2160:
2150:
2148:
2134:
2132:
2126:
2124:
2118:
2116:
2102:
2100:
2090:
2088:
2078:
2076:
2062:
2060:
2054:
2052:
2038:
2036:
2026:
2024:
2018:
2017:
2015:
2011:
2005:
1965:
1963:
1957:
1955:
1949:
1947:
1941:
1939:
1925:
1923:
1917:
1915:
1893:
1891:
1877:
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1835:
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1817:
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1805:
1803:
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1777:
1775:
1769:
1767:
1757:
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1749:
1747:
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1729:
1727:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1707:
1705:
1699:
1698:
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1678:
1674:
1668:
1658:
1656:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1628:
1626:
1620:
1618:
1612:
1610:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1598:
1596:
1594:Titanium(III)
1592:
1584:
1581:
1577:
1571:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1547:
1545:
1539:
1537:
1531:
1529:
1523:
1522:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1505:
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1486:
1485:
1482:
1475:
1470:
1466:
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1461:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1433:
1430:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1390:
1387:
1382:
1376:
1372:
1365:
1363:
1361:
1357:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1325:
1322:
1317:
1311:
1307:
1300:
1298:
1294:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1254:
1251:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1223:
1220:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1172:
1169:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1134:
1131:
1125:
1123:
1119:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1072:
1069:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1034:
1031:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
987:
980:
977:
972:
966:
962:
958:
955:. Wiley-VCH.
954:
947:
945:
943:
941:
939:
935:
931:
930:0-12-352651-5
927:
921:
918:
913:
907:
903:
899:
895:
889:
886:
879:
875:
874:Machinability
872:
871:
867:
865:
863:
859:
855:
851:
847:
843:
842:heat treating
838:
836:
832:
828:
822:
820:
814:
812:
808:
807:blowing agent
804:
800:
796:
792:
784:
782:
780:
776:
772:
768:
764:
760:
755:
753:
749:
745:
740:
738:
729:
722:
720:
717:
712:
708:
706:
697:
694:
679:
676:
673:
670:
669:
666:
651:
648:
645:
642:
641:
638:
635:
620:
617:
614:
611:
610:
607:
592:
589:
586:
583:
582:
579:
576:
561:
558:
555:
552:
551:
547:
543:
537:
534:
531:
528:
527:
521:
512:
508:
503:
484:
473:
471:
469:
464:
459:
450:
437:
435:
420:
419:
418:
416:
404:
398:
386:
384:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
349:
347:
343:
339:
329:
325:
313:
306:
301:
284:
278:
274:
271:
267:
266:
262:
260:
259:Melting point
257:
256:
252:
250:
247:
246:
242:
239:
238:
228:49.88 g/mol (
227:
225:
222:
221:
215:
208:
205:
201:
200:
195:
187:
183:
179:
178:
176:
166:
162:
161:
154:
150:
149:
147:
145:
142:
141:
134:
130:
129:
127:
121:
117:
116:
112:
108:
105:
103:
101:ECHA InfoCard
98:
97:
90:
86:
85:
83:
80:
76:
75:
70:
64:
60:
55:
47:
42:
34:
30:
19:
4714:
4705:
4658:
4652:
4641:
4632:
4625:
4620:
4610:
4605:
4444:
4370:
4364:
4283:
4248:
4239:
4233:Livermoranes
3998:Polysulfanes
3921:Polyoxidanes
3889:
3854:
3845:
3346:
3338:
3333:
3324:
2926:Cycloalkynes
2921:Cycloalkenes
2916:Cycloalkanes
2893:Hydrocarbons
2866:
2854:
2846:
2841:
2832:
2432:Monohydrides
1694:Titanium(IV)
1532:
1518:Titanium(II)
1442:
1438:
1432:
1399:
1395:
1389:
1370:
1334:
1330:
1324:
1308:. Springer.
1305:
1263:
1259:
1253:
1236:
1232:
1222:
1181:
1177:
1171:
1159:. Retrieved
1147:
1143:
1133:
1109:. Retrieved
1089:
1085:
1071:
1059:. Retrieved
1047:
1043:
1033:
1021:. Retrieved
993:
989:
979:
952:
920:
897:
888:
858:grain growth
839:
823:
815:
795:pyrotechnics
788:
756:
751:
741:
734:
713:
709:
702:
541:
504:
482:
477:
462:
451:
441:
433:
403:metal sponge
396:
390:
352:
350:
336:and related
323:
322:
213:
72:Identifiers
3816:Bismuthanes
1935:·20TiO
1927:NiO·Sb
401:, titanium
355:, it is an
263:Decomposes
240:Appearance
197:Properties
107:100.028.843
5137:Categories
3839:Moscovanes
3704:Phosphenes
3566:Phosphanes
3364:Pnictogen
3321:Flerovanes
2472:Dihydrides
2422:(Group 2)
2276:Pb(Zr,Ti)O
880:References
862:outgassing
387:Production
346:metal foam
275:insoluble
224:Molar mass
153:8930U91840
79:CAS Number
63:IUPAC name
4715:predicted
4659:predicted
4642:predicted
4371:predicted
4249:predicted
3908:Hydrogen
3855:predicted
3325:predicted
3297:Plumbanes
3261:Stannanes
2931:Annulenes
2833:predicted
2829:Nihonanes
2793:Thallanes
2758:Indiganes
2528:Group 13
2420:Alkaline
1879:Ti(OCH(CH
1424:0039-6028
1351:0001-6160
1214:250853926
1206:0953-8984
1018:135759594
846:annealing
775:anodizing
744:ductility
674:2.7 – 4.1
646:1.8 – 2.5
643:β & δ
615:1.1 – 1.8
587:0.2 – 1.1
584:α & β
474:Structure
438:Reactions
381:aluminium
89:7704-98-5
4628:< 1)
4174:Tellanes
3793:Stibanes
3188:Germanes
2723:Gallanes
2530:hydrides
1288:95614680
1161:10 March
1111:10 March
1061:10 March
1023:10 March
868:See also
850:recovery
791:ceramics
779:Pickling
748:spalling
716:quenched
377:vanadium
365:hydrogen
361:titanium
4613:< 1)
4210:Polanes
4137:Selanes
4123:more...
3985:more...
3757:Arsanes
3690:more...
3499:more...
3154:Silynes
3125:Silenes
3111:more...
2987:Silanes
2911:alkynes
2906:alkenes
2901:alkanes
2539:Boranes
2120:EuBaTiO
1404:Bibcode
1268:Bibcode
1186:Bibcode
1094:Bibcode
1082:alloys"
998:Bibcode
819:density
805:, as a
803:reagent
767:Ti(III)
677:57 – 67
649:47 – 57
618:34 – 47
556:0 – 0.2
468:tritium
458:tritide
369:gallium
305:what is
303: (
249:Density
218:
120:PubChem
3513:Azenes
3375:Azanes
2688:Alanes
2080:CaZrTi
1919:KTiOPO
1895:Ti(OCH
1795:Ti(NMe
1739:Ti(ClO
1422:
1377:
1349:
1312:
1286:
1233:Vacuum
1212:
1204:
1016:
967:
928:
908:
856:, and
771:Ti(IV)
763:Ti(II)
590:8 – 34
422:Ti + H
379:, and
342:Alnico
300:verify
297:
133:197094
57:Names
31:, see
2292:ZnTiO
2284:SrTiO
2268:PbTiO
2260:NiTiO
2164:MnTiO
2128:FeTiO
2056:CaTiO
2020:BaTiO
1807:Ti(NO
1787:TiOSO
1722:TiS(S
1284:S2CID
1210:S2CID
1014:S2CID
559:0 – 8
529:Phase
470:gas.
426:→ TiH
357:alloy
2064:CaCu
1968:Ti(C
1959:TiSi
1951:TiSe
1863:(OCH
1839:Ti(C
1731:TiCl
1709:TiBr
1614:TiCl
1606:TiBr
1601:TiAl
1567:TiSi
1541:TiBr
1525:TiCl
1420:ISSN
1375:ISBN
1347:ISSN
1310:ISBN
1202:ISSN
1163:2013
1113:2013
1063:2013
1025:2013
965:ISBN
926:ISBN
906:ISBN
817:The
785:Uses
769:and
683:1.32
662:1.32
499:1.47
492:1.74
460:(TiH
445:1.95
410:1.95
373:iron
144:UNII
5122:PsH
5101:CfH
5093:CfH
5085:BkH
5077:BkH
5069:CmH
5061:AmH
5053:AmH
5045:PuH
5037:PuH
5029:NpH
5021:NpH
4997:PaH
4979:ThH
4971:ThH
4963:AcH
4942:LuH
4934:LuH
4926:YbH
4918:TmH
4910:TmH
4902:ErH
4894:ErH
4886:HoH
4878:HoH
4870:DyH
4862:DyH
4854:TbH
4846:TbH
4838:GdH
4830:GdH
4822:EuH
4814:SmH
4806:SmH
4798:NdH
4790:NdH
4782:PrH
4774:PrH
4766:CeH
4758:CeH
4750:LaH
4742:LaH
4734:LaH
4707:CnH
4698:HgH
4681:HgH
4673:CdH
4665:ZnH
4654:RgH
4648:CuH
4634:DsH
4618:PtH
4603:PdH
4598:NiH
4590:IrH
4582:RhH
4574:CoH
4566:FeH
4558:FeH
4553:FeH
4545:CrH
4537:CrH
4532:CrH
4524:TaH
4519:TaH
4511:NbH
4506:NbH
4485:HfH
4477:HfH
4469:ZrH
4461:ZrH
4453:TiH
4445:TiH
4437:LuH
4429:LuH
4389:ScH
4366:HTs
4360:HAt
4350:HBr
4345:HCl
4303:HDO
4292:(?)
4289:O–O
4241:LvH
4217:PoH
3897:(?)
3847:McH
3823:BiH
3800:SbH
3765:AsH
3347:FlH
3339:FlH
3334:FlH
3304:PbH
3269:SnH
3196:GeH
3174:SiH
2995:SiH
2867:NhH
2847:NhH
2842:NhH
2800:TlH
2765:InH
2730:GaH
2695:AlH
2511:BaH
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