778:, Second part, published in Modena, 1821, page 144. Il Padre Tommaso Campanella al Galileo. (Libreria Nelli) Roma 25 Settembre 1632. Con gran disgusto mio ho sentito che si fa Congregazione di Teologi irati, a proibire i Dialoghi di V. S.; e non ci entra persona. che sappia matematica, nĂš cose recondite. Avverta che mentre V.S. asserisce che fu ben proibita l'opinione del moto della terra, non Ăš obbligata a creder che anche e ragioni de' contraddicenti sien buone. Questa Ăš regola teologica; e si prova perchĂš nel Concilio Niceno secondo fu decretato che Angelorum imagines depingi debent, quom'am vere corporei sunt: il decreto Ăš valido, e non la ragione; giacchĂ© tutti i scolastici dicono che gli Angeli sono incorporei a tempo nostro. Ci son altri fondamenti assai. Dubito di violenza di gente che non sa. Il Padre Nostro fa fracassi contra, e dice ex ora Papa: ma tu non Ăš informato, nĂš puĂČ pensare a questo. V. S. per mio' avviso faccia scriver dal Gran Duca, che siccome mettono Domenicani e Gesuiti e Teatini e Preti secolari in questa Congregazione contro i vostri libri, ammettano anche il Padre Castelli e me.
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393:(Images of angels must be depicted as they are in the flesh): while the decree is valid, the reasoning behind it is not, since all scholars today say angels are incorporeal. There are many other fundamental reasons. I fear violence from people who do not understand this. Our Pope makes a lot of noise against this and speaks as the Pope, but you haven't heard about that, nor can think about it. In my opinion Your Excellency should write to the Grand Duke of Tuscany, that since they are putting Dominicans, Jesuits, Theatines, and secular priests who are against your books in this council, they should also admit Father Castelli and me.
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323:. Even from the confinement of the jail, Campanella managed to influence the intellectual history of the early seventeenth century, by maintaining epistolary contacts with European philosophers and scientists, Neapolitan cultural circles, and Caravaggio's commissioners. Finally, Campanella made a full confession and would have been put to death had he not feigned madness and set his cell on fire. He was tortured further, a total of seven times. Crippled and ill, Campanella was sentenced to life imprisonment.
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429:(How To Avoid the Fate Dictated by the Stars). Campanella's magic worked and the Pope survived. In return the latter allowed the magician to set up a school in Rome to preach his ideas, while ignoring his blatant heresies. He lived for five years in Rome, where he was Urban's advisor in astrological matters.
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To my great disgust I have heard that wrathful theologians of the
Congregation aim to prohibit the Dialogues of Your Excellency, and no one will be present who understands mathematics or recondite things. Be aware that while Your Excellency does state that it was appropriate to prohibit the theory
425:. The Pope's enemies thought they could take advantage of his credulity, and they confidently predicted that the eclipses in 1628 and 1630 surely heralded the Pope's demise. Campanella put into effect the natural magic practices described in his short treatise
478:
The historian John
Headley described Campanella as "a man who strove to destabilize the regnant forces of what he identified as tyranny, sophistry, and hypocrisy and to shake the world into a new order."
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of the earth's motion, you are not obliged to believe that the reasons of those who contradicted you are good. This is a theological rule, and is proved by the second
Council of Nicaea which decreed that
702:
Corrado
Claverini, Tommaso Campanella e Gioacchino da Fiore. "Riaprire il conflitto" a partire dal pensiero utopico e apocalittico, "Giornale Critico di Storia delle Idee" 11, 2014 (in Italian)
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and his own astrological observations, he foresaw the advent of the Age of the Spirit in the year 1600. Betrayed by two of his fellow conspirators, he was captured in 1599 and incarcerated in
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and held for a time by the Holy Office, Campanella was restored to full liberty in 1629 as Urban badly needed
Campanella's magical skills to protect him from the dangers of two upcoming
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964:; A Poetical Dialogue between a Grandmaster of the Knights Hospitallers and a Genoese Sea-Captain, his guest. Translated to English by editor Henry Morley, Project Gutenberg.
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and short biography, by Editor: Henry Morley, Professor of
English Literature at University College, London; Fifth Edition, 1890, Project Gutenberg.
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Campanella spent twenty-seven years imprisoned in Naples, in various fortresses. During his detention, he wrote his most important works:
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257:(1509â1588), who taught that knowledge is sensation and that all things in nature possess sensation. Campanella wrote his first work,
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in 1599, he was tortured and sent to prison, where he spent 27 years. He wrote his most significant works during this time, including
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After his liberation, Campanella returned to
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In 1634, a new conspiracy in
Calabria, led by one of his followers, threatened fresh troubles. With the aid of
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in 1594 and was confined to house arrest for two years. Accused of conspiring against the
Spanish rulers of
384:(written in 1616, published in 1622). In 1632, before Galileo's second trial, Campanella wrote to Galileo:
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and granted a pension by the king, he spent the rest of his days in the convent of Saint-Honoré in
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and the French
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272:; astrological speculations would become a constant feature in his writings. Campanella's
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rule in his hometown of Stilo. Campanella's aim was to establish a society based on the
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J. Wu, " 'Nobilitas sola est atq; unica Virtus': Spying and the Politics of Virtue in
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953:'Astrology, Ritual and Revolution in the Works of Tommaso Campanella (1568â1639)'.
280:, brought him into conflict with the ecclesiastical authorities. Denounced to the
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describing an egalitarian theocratic society where property is held in common.
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The Golden Spy; or, A Political Journal of the British Nights Entertainments
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before the age of fourteen, taking the name of fra' Tommaso in honour of
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C. Dentice di Accadia, Tommaso Campanella, 1921, pp. 43â44 (in Italian)
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691:"Tommaso Campanella (1568â1639)", The Galileo Project, Rice University
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This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
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Italian philosopher, theologian, astrologer, and poet (1568â1639)
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448:. His last work was a poem celebrating the birth of the future
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Campanella was finally released from prison in 1626, through
391:
Angelorum imagines depingi debent, quam'am vere corporei sunt
4297:
242:. He studied theology and philosophy with several masters.
987:
Sonnets of Michelangelo Buonarrotti and Tommaso Campanella
887:. Vol. 5 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
523:(in Latin). Frankfurt am Main: Gottfried Tampach. 1622.
833:
Tommaso Campanella and the Transformation of the World
169:; 5 September 1568 â 21 May 1639), baptized
276:
views, especially his opposition to the authority of
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Tommaso Campanella: The Book and the Body of Nature
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820:40:2 (2017), 237â253 doi: 10.1111/1754-0208.12412
311:and wives, for on the basis of the prophecies of
6545:17th-century Italian Roman Catholic theologians
6475:16th-century Italian Roman Catholic theologians
463:(1620) partly inspired the first fully-fledged
413:, who personally interceded on his behalf with
4313:
2420:
1019:
8:
2926:
776:Memorie y lettera inedita di Galileo Galilei
752:Norman Douglas, The Death of Western Culture
2862:
990:, 1878; translated into Rhymed English, by
792:. London: Icon Books Ltd. pp. 320â21.
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669:(Fall 2014 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.)
454:Ecloga in portentosam Delphini nativitatem
245:Early on, he became disenchanted with the
36:
20:
678:
4775:MarxismâLeninismâMaoismâGonzalo Thought
4010:Reflections on the Revolution in France
666:The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
659:
657:
655:
653:
617:
380:in Galileo's first trial with his work
367:(1613â1624), and his most famous work,
4780:MarxismâLeninismâMaoismâPrachanda Path
2027:Wilhelm Emmanuel Freiherr von Ketteler
818:Journal for Eighteenth-Century Studies
664:Ernst, Germana, "Tommaso Campanella",
6305:International socialist organizations
899:Ernst, Germana; De Lucca, Jean-Paul.
579:(in Latin). Vol. 3. Paris. 1638.
569:(in Latin). Vol. 2. Paris. 1638.
559:(in Latin). Vol. 1. Paris. 1638.
164:
7:
927:Works by or about Tommaso Campanella
830:Headley, John M. (15 January 2019).
631:Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani
6386:
4120:The End of History and the Last Man
4030:Elements of the Philosophy of Right
910:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
512:Prodromus philosophiae instaurandae
226:, southern Italy, Campanella was a
137:Tommaso Campanella's house at Stilo
647:, Dordrecht, Springer, 2010, p. 8.
14:
6525:17th-century Italian philosophers
6470:16th-century Italian male writers
6465:16th-century Italian philosophers
440:with marked favour. Protected by
184:Campanella was prosecuted by the
104:
6422:
6410:
6398:
6385:
6374:
6373:
4090:The Open Society and Its Enemies
2387:
943:
861:
500:Philosophia sensibus demonstrata
259:Philosophia sensibus demonstrata
6229:
5750:
5406:
5367:
5343:
5051:Dictatorship of the proletariat
2897:Family as a model for the state
1345:Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite
319:, where he was tortured on the
249:orthodoxy and attracted by the
5294:Organizational self-management
4247:Separation of church and state
4145:Collectivism and individualism
4100:The Origins of Totalitarianism
1058:History of the Catholic Church
956:Works in English translations
836:. Princeton University Press.
166:[tomËmaËzokampaËnÉlla]
1:
6530:Italian expatriates in France
6505:Authors of utopian literature
5274:Free association of producers
5031:Critique of political economy
4287:Category:Political philosophy
4160:Critique of political economy
1707:Giovanni Pico della Mirandola
1104:History of Christian theology
722:Giardino, Alessandro (2017).
601:Utopian and dystopian fiction
288:in 1594 and cited before the
6515:17th-century Italian writers
6510:16th-century Italian writers
6361:Socialist calculation debate
6336:Economic calculation problem
5314:Socialist mode of production
4185:Institutional discrimination
4180:History of political thought
2912:Negative and positive rights
1035:History of Catholic theology
171:Giovanni Domenico Campanella
145:Former Dominican convent at
55:Giovanni Domenico Campanella
6429:Organized Labour portal
5168:Socialisation of production
4195:Justification for the state
3980:Two Treatises of Government
942:(public domain audiobooks)
936:Works by Tommaso Campanella
918:Works by Tommaso Campanella
633:(in Italian). Vol. 17.
177:, philosopher, theologian,
6561:
5675:Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin
5500:Victor Prosper Considerant
2865:Bellum omnium contra omnes
2133:Pierre Teilhard de Chardin
2123:Reginald Garrigou-Lagrange
1408:Transubstantiation dispute
724:"The Seven Works of Mercy"
268:where he was initiated in
42:Portrait of Campanella by
6520:17th-century male writers
6369:
5540:William Batchelder Greene
5475:Francisco Largo Caballero
4337:
4282:
2382:
1041:
978:; Contains excerpts from
740:10.1163/15700593-01600100
35:
6495:17th-century astrologers
6490:16th-century astrologers
5685:Friedrich Wilhelm Schulz
5178:Socialist market economy
4070:The Revolt of the Masses
2047:Matthias Joseph Scheeben
1240:Athanasius of Alexandria
1132:First Epistle of Clement
427:De siderali fato vitando
5396:Ătienne-Gabriel Morelly
5386:Gabriel Bonnot de Mably
5066:Equality of opportunity
5021:Criticism of capitalism
4770:MarxismâLeninismâMaoism
4527:Left-wing laissez-faire
4050:The Communist Manifesto
2976:Tyranny of the majority
2887:Consent of the governed
2158:Dietrich von Hildebrand
2022:Giovanni Maria Cornoldi
1896:Jacques-BĂ©nigne Bossuet
1876:Mary of Jesus of Ăgreda
1418:Paulinus II of Aquileia
1413:Predestination disputes
884:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
461:De sensu rerum et magia
296:, he was confined in a
230:. Son of an illiterate
6054:José Carlos Mariåtegui
5999:E. M. S. Namboodiripad
5984:Martin Luther King Jr.
5665:Luis Emilio Recabarren
5660:Pierre-Joseph Proudhon
5595:Alexandre Ledru-Rollin
5284:Labor-time calculation
5249:Decentralized planning
5153:Proletarian revolution
5108:State-owned enterprise
5026:Criticism of socialism
2927:
2877:Clash of civilizations
2863:
2394:Catholicism portal
2243:Hans Urs von Balthasar
2042:Tommaso Maria Zigliara
1982:Félicité de La Mennais
1661:The Cloud of Unknowing
1162:The Shepherd of Hermas
992:John Addington Symonds
788:Hannam, James (2010).
589:. Bari: Laterza. 1915.
495:
406:
395:
382:The Defense of Galileo
334:
149:
138:
6392:Socialism WikiProject
6154:LĂ©opold SĂ©dar Senghor
5859:Cornelius Castoriadis
5725:Alfred Russel Wallace
5490:Nikolay Chernyshevsky
5455:Louis Auguste Blanqui
5415:Stephen Pearl Andrews
5244:Cooperative ownership
4765:MaoismâThird Worldism
2892:Divine right of kings
2168:Marie-Dominique Chenu
2087:Marie-Joseph Lagrange
2072:Désiré-Joseph Mercier
1956:Clement Mary Hofbauer
1951:Johann Michael Sailer
1378:Maximus the Confessor
1070:History of the papacy
627:"CAMPANELLA, Tommaso"
625:Firpo, Luigi (1974).
538:Atheismus triumphatus
490:
400:
386:
347:Atheismus triumphatus
339:The Monarchy of Spain
329:
284:, he was arrested in
218:, in the province of
214:Born into poverty in
144:
136:
6480:Italian male writers
6417:Communism portal
6405:Socialism portal
6356:Socialism by country
5964:Pablo Iglesias Posse
5670:Henri de Saint-Simon
5625:Nikolay Mikhaylovsky
5279:Industrial democracy
5086:History of socialism
5081:History of communism
5076:History of anarchism
4040:Democracy in America
3419:political philosophy
3402:political philosophy
3217:political philosophy
3046:political philosophy
2956:Separation of powers
2917:Night-watchman state
2902:Monopoly on violence
2436:Political philosophy
2344:Raniero Cantalamessa
2314:Alice von Hildebrand
2263:Edward Schillebeeckx
1941:Maria Gaetana Agnesi
1826:Lawrence of Brindisi
1756:Francisco de Vitoria
1546:Beatrice of Nazareth
1521:Hugh of Saint Victor
1501:Bernard of Clairvaux
1481:Anselm of Canterbury
1443:John Scotus Eriugena
1438:Paschasius Radbertus
1285:Gregory of Nazianzus
1179:Epistle to Diognetus
996:Renaissance in Italy
951:Peter Forshaw (2010)
901:"Tommaso Campanella"
763:Apologia pro Galileo
520:Apologia pro Galileo
492:Apologia pro Galileo
401:Tommaso Campanella,
6485:Italian astrologers
6159:George Bernard Shaw
6074:François Mitterrand
5989:Alexandra Kollontai
5969:Jayaprakash Narayan
5650:Constantin Pecqueur
5470:Philippe Buonarroti
5425:John Goodwyn Barmby
5324:Workplace democracy
5234:Calculation in kind
5224:Anarchist economics
5173:Socialist economics
5071:Equality of outcome
5011:Anarchist economics
4723:Ho Chi Minh Thought
4640:Orthodox Trotskyism
4596:Libertarian Marxism
4591:Left-libertarianism
4230:Right-wing politics
4110:A Theory of Justice
4080:The Road to Serfdom
4000:The Social Contract
2707:Christian democracy
2319:Carlo Maria Martini
2283:Johann Baptist Metz
2253:Frederick Copleston
2077:Friedrich von HĂŒgel
2037:Joseph Hergenröther
2017:Gaetano Sanseverino
1997:Ignaz von Döllinger
1921:Nicolas Malebranche
1761:Thomas of Villanova
1722:Counter-Reformation
1702:Girolamo Savonarola
1516:Hildegard of Bingen
1325:Cyril of Alexandria
1168:Aristides of Athens
1155:Epistle of Barnabas
1144:Ignatius of Antioch
1082:Ecumenical councils
975:Ideal Commonwealths
961:The City of the Sun
879:Campanella, Tommaso
370:The City of the Sun
343:Political Aphorisms
199:The City of the Sun
6535:Critics of atheism
6500:Italian Dominicans
6341:Marxist philosophy
6258:Kemal KılıçdaroÄlu
6084:Gamal Abdel Nasser
6039:Alasdair MacIntyre
5814:Simone de Beauvoir
5585:Ferdinand Lassalle
5352:Tommaso Campanella
5299:Production for use
5259:Economic democracy
5128:Mode of production
5118:Left-wing politics
5097:The Internationale
4785:Xi Jinping Thought
4242:Political violence
4237:Political theology
4220:Left-wing politics
4215:Political spectrum
2334:Alasdair MacIntyre
2213:Nouvelle théologie
2102:ThérÚse of Lisieux
1946:Alfonso Muzzarelli
1886:Jean-Jacques Olier
1856:Tommaso Campanella
1771:Francisco de Osuna
1766:Ignatius of Loyola
1635:Catherine of Siena
1531:Robert Grosseteste
1428:Benedict of Aniane
1368:Isidore of Seville
1310:Augustine of Hippo
1275:Cyril of Jerusalem
1270:Hilary of Poitiers
790:God's Philosophers
546:Medicinalium libri
540:, 1631, Paris 1636
496:
442:Cardinal Richelieu
434:Cardinal Barberini
415:Philip IV of Spain
407:
335:
309:community of goods
264:In 1590 he was in
255:Bernardino Telesio
220:Reggio di Calabria
153:Tommaso Campanella
150:
139:
25:Tommaso Campanella
6460:People from Stilo
6437:
6436:
6310:Socialist parties
6291:
6290:
6194:Ram Manohar Lohia
6134:Gaetano Salvemini
5929:Mikhail Gorbachev
5640:Antonie Pannekoek
5269:Equal opportunity
5264:Economic planning
4997:
4996:
4886:African-Caribbean
4874:Regional variants
4606:Council communism
4474:Saint-Simonianism
4295:
4294:
4205:Philosophy of law
4150:Conflict theories
3990:The Spirit of Law
3897:
3896:
2946:Original position
2402:
2401:
2329:Gustavo Gutiérrez
2324:Pope Benedict XVI
2309:Pope John Paul II
2208:JosemarĂa EscrivĂĄ
2198:Henri Daniel-Rops
2082:Vladimir Solovyov
2062:Neo-scholasticism
2002:John Henry Newman
1936:Louis de Montfort
1931:Alphonsus Liguori
1926:Giambattista Vico
1861:Pierre de BĂ©rulle
1847:French Revolution
1816:Robert Bellarmine
1796:John of the Cross
1682:Julian of Norwich
1640:Bridget of Sweden
1630:John of Ruusbroec
1620:William of Ockham
1536:Francis of Assisi
1526:Dominic de GuzmĂĄn
1496:Decretum Gratiani
1471:Berengar of Tours
1360:Early Middle Ages
1330:Peter Chrysologus
1280:Basil of Caesarea
1265:Ephrem the Syrian
1205:Antipope Novatian
922:Project Gutenberg
528:La cittĂ del sole
506:Monarchia Messiae
403:La CittĂ del Sole
357:Quod reminiscetur
352:Atheism Conquered
282:Roman Inquisition
234:, he entered the
186:Roman Inquisition
173:, was an Italian
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124:Years active
94:Kingdom of France
74:Kingdom of Naples
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6540:Proto-socialists
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6129:Bertrand Russell
6104:Sylvia Pankhurst
6089:Jawaharlal Nehru
5959:Dolores IbĂĄrruri
5924:Einar Gerhardsen
5904:Alexander DubÄek
5854:Nikolai Bukharin
5764:Salvador Allende
5752:
5735:Wilhelm Weitling
5720:Suzanne Voilquin
5705:William Thompson
5695:Lysander Spooner
5655:Georgi Plekhanov
5645:Giovanni Pascoli
5610:Errico Malatesta
5605:Helen Macfarlane
5550:Alexander Herzen
5525:Friedrich Engels
5520:Prosper Enfantin
5515:W. E. B. Du Bois
5485:Edward Carpenter
5445:Eduard Bernstein
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5391:Sylvain Maréchal
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5304:Public ownership
5254:Direct democracy
5239:Common ownership
5203:Workers' council
5188:State capitalism
5103:Internationalism
5036:Critique of work
5016:Anti-revisionism
4698:MarxismâLeninism
4532:Left-wing market
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2858:Balance of power
2832:Social democracy
2827:Social Darwinism
2802:Multiculturalism
2747:Environmentalism
2722:Communitarianism
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2233:Emmanuel Mounier
2228:Bernard Lonergan
2153:Georges Bernanos
2138:Jacques Maritain
2118:G. K. Chesterton
2007:Henri Lacordaire
1906:Cornelius Jansen
1901:François Fénelon
1831:Francis de Sales
1821:Francisco SuĂĄrez
1692:Nicholas of Cusa
1576:Siger of Brabant
1561:Boetius of Dacia
1541:Anthony of Padua
1486:Joachim of Fiore
1466:Gregory of Narek
1453:High Middle Ages
1398:John of Damascus
1290:Gregory of Nyssa
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5909:Albert Einstein
5849:Aristide Briand
5839:Murray Bookchin
5834:Grace Lee Boggs
5819:Walter Benjamin
5789:Chiang Kai-shek
5769:InejirĆ Asanuma
5744:
5715:Benjamin Tucker
5575:Peter Kropotkin
5555:Thomas Hodgskin
5530:Charles Fourier
5510:Théodore Dézamy
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1992:Antonio Rosmini
1987:Luigi Taparelli
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1866:Pierre Gassendi
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1677:Devotio Moderna
1650:Johannes Tauler
1645:Meister Eckhart
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5200:
5195:
5190:
5185:
5180:
5175:
5170:
5165:
5160:
5155:
5150:
5145:
5140:
5135:
5130:
5125:
5120:
5115:
5110:
5105:
5100:
5093:
5088:
5083:
5078:
5073:
5068:
5063:
5058:
5056:Egalitarianism
5053:
5048:
5043:
5041:Class struggle
5038:
5033:
5028:
5023:
5018:
5013:
5007:
5005:
4999:
4998:
4995:
4994:
4992:
4991:
4986:
4981:
4976:
4975:
4974:
4969:
4967:In one country
4959:
4954:
4949:
4944:
4939:
4934:
4933:
4932:
4922:
4921:
4920:
4919:
4918:
4908:
4898:
4893:
4888:
4883:
4877:
4875:
4871:
4870:
4868:
4867:
4862:
4857:
4856:
4855:
4850:
4840:
4834:
4832:
4826:
4825:
4823:
4822:
4821:
4820:
4810:
4809:
4808:
4803:
4802:
4801:
4800:
4799:
4789:
4788:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4752:
4747:
4742:
4735:
4730:
4725:
4720:
4715:
4710:
4705:
4695:
4685:
4680:
4679:
4678:
4667:
4665:
4653:
4652:
4650:
4649:
4644:
4643:
4642:
4637:
4636:
4635:
4630:
4620:
4615:
4610:
4609:
4608:
4601:Left communism
4593:
4588:
4587:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4561:
4556:
4551:
4546:
4541:
4536:
4535:
4534:
4529:
4519:
4514:
4503:
4501:
4486:
4485:
4484:
4483:
4482:
4481:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4410:
4409:
4404:
4394:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4364:
4358:
4356:
4348:
4347:
4338:
4335:
4334:
4327:
4325:
4324:
4317:
4310:
4302:
4293:
4292:
4290:
4289:
4283:
4280:
4279:
4277:
4276:
4269:
4264:
4259:
4257:Social justice
4254:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4234:
4233:
4232:
4227:
4222:
4212:
4207:
4202:
4197:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4177:
4172:
4167:
4165:Egalitarianism
4162:
4157:
4155:Contractualism
4152:
4147:
4142:
4136:
4134:
4130:
4129:
4127:
4126:
4116:
4106:
4096:
4086:
4076:
4066:
4056:
4046:
4036:
4026:
4016:
4006:
3996:
3986:
3976:
3966:
3956:
3946:
3936:
3926:
3916:
3905:
3903:
3899:
3898:
3895:
3894:
3892:
3891:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3841:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3555:
3553:
3547:
3546:
3544:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3422:
3421:
3411:
3406:
3405:
3404:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3288:
3286:
3280:
3279:
3277:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3220:
3219:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3168:
3166:
3160:
3159:
3157:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3085:
3083:
3079:
3078:
3076:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3049:
3048:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2997:
2995:
2988:
2982:
2981:
2979:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2951:Overton window
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2860:
2854:
2852:
2848:
2847:
2845:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2782:Libertarianism
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2688:
2686:
2682:
2681:
2679:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2617:
2615:
2611:
2610:
2608:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2446:
2444:
2440:
2439:
2434:
2432:
2431:
2424:
2417:
2409:
2400:
2399:
2397:
2396:
2383:
2380:
2379:
2377:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2305:
2303:
2299:
2298:
2296:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2188:Henri de Lubac
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2163:Gabriel Marcel
2160:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2143:Ătienne Gilson
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2114:
2112:
2108:
2107:
2105:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2092:George Tyrrell
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2052:Ămile Boutroux
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2032:Giuseppe Pecci
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1973:
1971:
1967:
1966:
1964:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1881:AntĂłnio Vieira
1878:
1873:
1871:René Descartes
1868:
1863:
1858:
1852:
1850:
1842:Baroque period
1840:
1837:
1836:
1834:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1806:Luis de Molina
1803:
1801:Peter Canisius
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1781:Francis Xavier
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1736:Thomas Cajetan
1733:
1727:
1725:
1716:
1713:
1712:
1710:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1667:Heinrich Seuse
1664:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1601:
1599:
1592:
1591:
1589:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1571:Thomas Aquinas
1568:
1566:Henry of Ghent
1563:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1511:Anselm of Laon
1508:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1457:
1455:
1449:
1448:
1446:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1433:Rabanus Maurus
1430:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1364:
1362:
1356:
1355:
1353:
1352:
1350:Pope Gregory I
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1231:
1229:
1226:Pope Gregory I
1219:
1216:
1215:
1213:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1158:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1118:
1116:
1110:
1109:
1107:
1106:
1101:
1100:
1099:
1097:Biblical canon
1094:
1087:Catholic Bible
1084:
1079:
1078:
1077:
1067:
1066:
1065:
1054:
1052:
1048:
1047:
1042:
1039:
1038:
1033:
1031:
1030:
1023:
1016:
1008:
1002:
1001:
1000:
999:
983:
971:
965:
954:
948:
933:
924:
915:
894:
893:External links
891:
890:
889:
875:Chisholm, Hugh
856:
853:
850:
849:
842:
822:
805:
798:
780:
768:
754:
745:
734:(2): 149â170.
714:
705:
694:
683:
671:
649:
636:
616:
615:
613:
610:
609:
608:
603:
596:
593:
592:
591:
581:
571:
561:
551:
541:
535:
530:, 1602 (Latin
525:
515:
509:
503:
484:
481:
473:The Golden Spy
469:Charles Gildon
355:, 1605â1607),
240:Thomas Aquinas
211:
208:
129:
128:
125:
121:
120:
119:
118:
115:
110:
107:
102:
98:
97:
91:
89:(aged 70)
83:
79:
78:
67:
54:
52:
48:
47:
41:
33:
32:
27:
24:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6557:
6546:
6543:
6541:
6538:
6536:
6533:
6531:
6528:
6526:
6523:
6521:
6518:
6516:
6513:
6511:
6508:
6506:
6503:
6501:
6498:
6496:
6493:
6491:
6488:
6486:
6483:
6481:
6478:
6476:
6473:
6471:
6468:
6466:
6463:
6461:
6458:
6456:
6453:
6451:
6448:
6447:
6445:
6430:
6425:
6420:
6418:
6408:
6406:
6401:
6396:
6394:
6393:
6384:
6382:
6381:
6372:
6371:
6368:
6362:
6359:
6357:
6354:
6352:
6349:
6347:
6344:
6342:
6339:
6337:
6334:
6332:
6329:
6327:
6324:
6323:
6321:
6317:
6311:
6308:
6306:
6303:
6302:
6300:
6298:
6297:Organizations
6294:
6284:
6281:
6279:
6276:
6274:
6271:
6269:
6268:Lula da Silva
6266:
6264:
6261:
6259:
6256:
6254:
6251:
6249:
6246:
6244:
6241:
6239:
6236:
6235:
6233:
6226:
6220:
6217:
6215:
6212:
6210:
6207:
6205:
6202:
6200:
6197:
6195:
6192:
6190:
6187:
6185:
6182:
6180:
6177:
6175:
6172:
6170:
6167:
6165:
6162:
6160:
6157:
6155:
6152:
6150:
6147:
6145:
6142:
6140:
6137:
6135:
6132:
6130:
6127:
6125:
6122:
6120:
6117:
6115:
6112:
6110:
6109:Fred Paterson
6107:
6105:
6102:
6100:
6099:George Orwell
6097:
6095:
6092:
6090:
6087:
6085:
6082:
6080:
6077:
6075:
6072:
6070:
6069:Salama Moussa
6067:
6065:
6062:
6060:
6057:
6055:
6052:
6050:
6047:
6045:
6044:Nestor Makhno
6042:
6040:
6037:
6035:
6032:
6030:
6027:
6025:
6024:György Lukåcs
6022:
6020:
6017:
6015:
6014:Claude Lefort
6012:
6010:
6007:
6005:
6002:
6000:
5997:
5995:
5992:
5990:
5987:
5985:
5982:
5980:
5977:
5975:
5972:
5970:
5967:
5965:
5962:
5960:
5957:
5955:
5952:
5950:
5949:Eric Hobsbawm
5947:
5945:
5944:Safdar Hashmi
5942:
5940:
5937:
5935:
5932:
5930:
5927:
5925:
5922:
5920:
5917:
5915:
5912:
5910:
5907:
5905:
5902:
5900:
5897:
5895:
5892:
5890:
5887:
5885:
5882:
5880:
5879:Jeremy Corbyn
5877:
5875:
5874:G. D. H. Cole
5872:
5870:
5867:
5865:
5862:
5860:
5857:
5855:
5852:
5850:
5847:
5845:
5842:
5840:
5837:
5835:
5832:
5830:
5827:
5825:
5822:
5820:
5817:
5815:
5812:
5810:
5807:
5805:
5802:
5800:
5797:
5795:
5794:Deng Xiaoping
5792:
5790:
5787:
5785:
5782:
5780:
5777:
5775:
5772:
5770:
5767:
5765:
5762:
5760:
5757:
5756:
5754:
5747:
5741:
5738:
5736:
5733:
5731:
5730:Josiah Warren
5728:
5726:
5723:
5721:
5718:
5716:
5713:
5711:
5710:Pyotr Tkachev
5708:
5706:
5703:
5701:
5698:
5696:
5693:
5691:
5688:
5686:
5683:
5681:
5678:
5676:
5673:
5671:
5668:
5666:
5663:
5661:
5658:
5656:
5653:
5651:
5648:
5646:
5643:
5641:
5638:
5636:
5633:
5631:
5628:
5626:
5623:
5621:
5620:Louise Michel
5618:
5616:
5613:
5611:
5608:
5606:
5603:
5601:
5600:Pierre Leroux
5598:
5596:
5593:
5591:
5588:
5586:
5583:
5581:
5580:Paul Lafargue
5578:
5576:
5573:
5571:
5568:
5566:
5563:
5561:
5558:
5556:
5553:
5551:
5548:
5546:
5543:
5541:
5538:
5536:
5533:
5531:
5528:
5526:
5523:
5521:
5518:
5516:
5513:
5511:
5508:
5506:
5503:
5501:
5498:
5496:
5493:
5491:
5488:
5486:
5483:
5481:
5480:Ătienne Cabet
5478:
5476:
5473:
5471:
5468:
5466:
5465:Georg BĂŒchner
5463:
5461:
5458:
5456:
5453:
5451:
5448:
5446:
5443:
5441:
5438:
5436:
5433:
5431:
5430:Enrico Barone
5428:
5426:
5423:
5421:
5418:
5416:
5413:
5412:
5410:
5403:
5397:
5394:
5392:
5389:
5387:
5384:
5382:
5379:
5377:
5374:
5373:
5371:
5364:
5358:
5355:
5353:
5350:
5349:
5347:
5340:
5337:
5335:
5331:
5325:
5322:
5320:
5317:
5315:
5312:
5310:
5307:
5305:
5302:
5300:
5297:
5295:
5292:
5290:
5287:
5285:
5282:
5280:
5277:
5275:
5272:
5270:
5267:
5265:
5262:
5260:
5257:
5255:
5252:
5250:
5247:
5245:
5242:
5240:
5237:
5235:
5232:
5230:
5227:
5225:
5222:
5220:
5217:
5216:
5214:
5210:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5198:Welfare state
5196:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5164:
5161:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5133:Nanosocialism
5131:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5123:Mixed economy
5121:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5111:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5098:
5094:
5092:
5091:Impossibilism
5089:
5087:
5084:
5082:
5079:
5077:
5074:
5072:
5069:
5067:
5064:
5062:
5061:Equal liberty
5059:
5057:
5054:
5052:
5049:
5047:
5044:
5042:
5039:
5037:
5034:
5032:
5029:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5019:
5017:
5014:
5012:
5009:
5008:
5006:
5000:
4990:
4987:
4985:
4982:
4980:
4977:
4973:
4970:
4968:
4965:
4964:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4945:
4943:
4940:
4938:
4935:
4931:
4930:Eurocommunism
4928:
4927:
4926:
4923:
4917:
4914:
4913:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4904:
4903:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4878:
4876:
4872:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4854:
4851:
4849:
4846:
4845:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4836:
4835:
4833:
4831:
4827:
4819:
4816:
4815:
4814:
4811:
4807:
4804:
4798:
4797:Neo-Stalinism
4795:
4794:
4793:
4790:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4757:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4750:Khrushchevism
4748:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4740:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4716:
4714:
4711:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4700:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4690:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4681:
4677:
4674:
4673:
4672:
4669:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4658:
4657:Authoritarian
4654:
4648:
4645:
4641:
4638:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4625:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4607:
4604:
4603:
4602:
4599:
4598:
4597:
4594:
4592:
4589:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4544:Individualist
4542:
4540:
4537:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4525:
4524:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4509:
4508:
4505:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4494:
4490:
4480:
4477:
4476:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4456:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4439:Revolutionary
4437:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4399:
4398:
4395:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4359:
4357:
4355:
4349:
4345:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4323:
4318:
4316:
4311:
4309:
4304:
4303:
4300:
4288:
4285:
4284:
4281:
4275:
4274:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4217:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4190:Jurisprudence
4188:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4137:
4135:
4131:
4122:
4121:
4117:
4112:
4111:
4107:
4102:
4101:
4097:
4092:
4091:
4087:
4082:
4081:
4077:
4072:
4071:
4067:
4062:
4061:
4057:
4052:
4051:
4047:
4042:
4041:
4037:
4032:
4031:
4027:
4022:
4021:
4020:Rights of Man
4017:
4012:
4011:
4007:
4002:
4001:
3997:
3992:
3991:
3987:
3982:
3981:
3977:
3972:
3971:
3967:
3962:
3961:
3957:
3952:
3951:
3947:
3942:
3941:
3937:
3932:
3931:
3930:De re publica
3927:
3922:
3921:
3917:
3912:
3911:
3907:
3906:
3904:
3900:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3556:
3554:
3550:20th and 21st
3548:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3420:
3417:
3416:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3403:
3400:
3399:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3289:
3287:
3283:18th and 19th
3281:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3218:
3215:
3214:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3169:
3167:
3161:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3139:Nizam al-Mulk
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3086:
3084:
3080:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3047:
3044:
3043:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2998:
2996:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2983:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2931:
2930:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2867:
2866:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2855:
2853:
2849:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2822:Republicanism
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2689:
2687:
2683:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2618:
2616:
2612:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2447:
2445:
2441:
2437:
2430:
2425:
2423:
2418:
2416:
2411:
2410:
2407:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2384:
2381:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2369:Aidan Nichols
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2349:MichaĆ Heller
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2339:Walter Kasper
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2306:
2304:
2300:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2268:Thomas Merton
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2238:Jean Daniélou
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2115:
2113:
2109:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1977:Joseph Görres
1975:
1974:
1972:
1968:
1962:
1961:Bruno Lanteri
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1916:Blaise Pascal
1914:
1911:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1811:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1776:John of Ăvila
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1719:
1714:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1662:
1658:
1656:
1655:Walter Hilton
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1625:Richard Rolle
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1593:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1506:Peter Lombard
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1491:Peter Abelard
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1458:
1456:
1454:
1450:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1383:Monothelitism
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1373:John Climacus
1371:
1369:
1366:
1365:
1363:
1361:
1357:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1260:Monophysitism
1258:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1180:
1176:
1174:
1173:Justin Martyr
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1163:
1159:
1157:
1156:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1139:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1119:
1117:
1115:
1111:
1105:
1102:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1089:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1076:
1075:Papal primacy
1073:
1072:
1071:
1068:
1064:
1061:
1060:
1059:
1056:
1055:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1040:
1036:
1029:
1024:
1022:
1017:
1015:
1010:
1009:
1006:
997:
993:
989:
988:
984:
981:
977:
976:
972:
969:
966:
963:
962:
958:
957:
955:
952:
949:
941:
937:
934:
932:
928:
925:
923:
919:
916:
912:
911:
906:
902:
897:
896:
892:
886:
885:
880:
876:
871:
870:public domain
859:
858:
854:
845:
843:9780691657172
839:
835:
834:
826:
823:
819:
815:
809:
806:
801:
795:
791:
784:
781:
777:
772:
769:
765:
764:
758:
755:
749:
746:
741:
737:
733:
729:
725:
718:
715:
709:
706:
703:
698:
695:
692:
687:
684:
680:
679:Chisholm 1911
675:
672:
668:
667:
660:
658:
656:
654:
650:
646:
640:
637:
632:
628:
621:
618:
611:
607:
606:Millennialism
604:
602:
599:
598:
594:
588:
587:
582:
578:
577:
572:
568:
567:
562:
558:
557:
552:
548:
547:
542:
539:
536:
533:
532:Civitas solis
529:
526:
522:
521:
516:
513:
510:
507:
504:
501:
498:
497:
493:
489:
482:
480:
476:
474:
470:
466:
462:
459:Campanella's
457:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
430:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
404:
399:
394:
392:
385:
383:
379:
374:
372:
371:
366:
363:(1609â1623),
362:
358:
354:
353:
348:
344:
340:
332:
328:
324:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
301:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
262:
260:
256:
252:
248:
243:
241:
237:
233:
229:
228:child prodigy
225:
221:
217:
209:
207:
205:
201:
200:
195:
191:
187:
182:
180:
176:
172:
167:
158:
154:
148:
143:
135:
126:
122:
116:
114:
111:
108:
105:
103:
99:
95:
84:
80:
75:
70:
53:
49:
45:
39:
34:
30:
22:
19:
6390:
6378:
6209:Clara Zetkin
6189:Leon Trotsky
6184:Ernst Toller
6174:R. H. Tawney
6114:Karl Polanyi
5994:James Larkin
5864:Noam Chomsky
5590:Pyotr Lavrov
5570:Karl Kautsky
5565:Mother Jones
5545:Charles Hall
5535:Emma Goldman
5505:Claire DĂ©mar
5435:August Bebel
5351:
5229:Basic income
4737:
4613:Luxemburgism
4564:Neozapatismo
4512:Collectivist
4362:21st century
4271:
4170:Elite theory
4118:
4108:
4098:
4088:
4078:
4068:
4058:
4048:
4038:
4028:
4018:
4008:
3998:
3988:
3978:
3968:
3958:
3948:
3938:
3928:
3918:
3908:
3207:Guicciardini
3191:
3163:Early modern
2986:Philosophers
2936:Open society
2872:Body politic
2742:Distributism
2732:Conservatism
2727:Confucianism
2646:Gerontocracy
2636:Dictatorship
2590:Sovereigntyâ
2580:Ruling class
2470:Emancipation
2455:Citizenshipâ
2354:Peter Kreeft
2302:21st century
2293:Henri Nouwen
2203:Jean Guitton
2183:Fulton Sheen
2111:20th century
2012:Jaime Balmes
1970:19th century
1855:
1791:Luis de LeĂłn
1672:Geert Groote
1659:
1476:Peter Damian
1315:John Cassian
1255:Nestorianism
1177:
1160:
1153:
1136:
1114:Early Church
995:
994:, author of
986:
979:
974:
960:
908:
882:
832:
825:
817:
813:
808:
789:
783:
775:
771:
762:
757:
748:
731:
727:
717:
708:
697:
686:
674:
665:
644:
639:
630:
620:
585:
575:
565:
555:
545:
537:
531:
527:
519:
511:
505:
499:
491:
477:
472:
467:in English,
465:it-narrative
460:
458:
453:
431:
426:
408:
402:
390:
387:
381:
376:He defended
375:
368:
364:
360:
356:
350:
346:
342:
338:
336:
330:
302:
300:until 1597.
263:
258:
247:Aristotelian
244:
213:
197:
183:
181:, and poet.
170:
152:
151:
87:(1639-05-21)
71:, Calabria,
18:
6455:1639 deaths
6450:1568 births
6273:Evo Morales
6263:Kim Jong Un
6243:Hugo ChĂĄvez
6214:Howard Zinn
6204:Cornel West
6199:H. G. Wells
6169:Sun Yat-sen
6004:Jack Layton
5979:Kim Jong-il
5934:Maxim Gorky
5884:Marcel DĂ©at
5799:Jiang Zemin
5740:Oscar Wilde
5680:George Sand
5635:Robert Owen
5560:Jean JaurĂšs
5450:Louis Blanc
5357:Thomas More
5319:Technocracy
5193:Trade union
5163:Revisionism
5113:Land reform
4984:Third World
4911:Nationalist
4703:Brezhnevism
4676:Nechayevism
4618:Mao-Spontex
4584:Syndicalist
4574:Communalism
4569:Platformism
4522:Free-market
4493:Libertarian
4479:Technocracy
4429:Nationalist
4407:Syndicalism
4044:(1835â1840)
3924:(c. 350 BC)
3914:(c. 375 BC)
3531:Tocqueville
3496:Saint-Simon
3461:Montesquieu
3312:Bolingbroke
3244:Machiavelli
3124:Ibn Khaldun
3089:Alpharabius
3082:Middle Ages
2907:Natural law
2882:Common good
2807:Nationalism
2767:Imperialism
2737:Corporatism
2712:Colonialism
2692:Agrarianism
2671:Technocracy
2651:Meritocracy
2631:Bureaucracy
2621:Aristocracy
2364:TomĂĄĆĄ HalĂk
2288:Jean Vanier
2273:René Girard
2258:Alfred Delp
2223:Yves Congar
2218:Karl Rahner
2193:Dorothy Day
2178:Edith Stein
2148:Ronald Knox
1746:John Fisher
1741:Thomas More
1718:Reformation
1610:Duns Scotus
1605:Ramon Llull
1598:and reforms
1586:Roger Bacon
1551:Bonaventure
1461:Roscellinus
1250:Pelagianism
1221:Constantine
1044:Key figures
576:Metaphysica
566:Metaphysica
556:Metaphysica
417:. Taken to
331:Metaphysica
290:Holy Office
106:Philosopher
101:Occupations
85:21 May 1639
6444:Categories
6380:Categories
6283:Xi Jinping
6219:J. Posadas
5899:John Dewey
5889:Guy Debord
5809:Jyoti Basu
5690:EugĂšne Sue
5004:and issues
5002:Key topics
4979:Sri Lankan
4952:Melanesian
4947:Indonesian
4896:Bolivarian
4818:Lassallism
4806:Tkachevism
4688:Bolshevism
4662:from above
4647:Third camp
4623:Trotskyism
4498:from below
4464:Icarianism
4459:Fourierism
4444:Scientific
4377:Democratic
4352:Schools of
4252:Separatism
4060:On Liberty
3960:The Prince
3689:Huntington
3192:Campanella
3119:al-Ghazali
3068:Thucydides
3026:Lactantius
2971:Statolatry
2797:Monarchism
2777:Liberalism
2702:Capitalism
2685:Ideologies
2666:Plutocracy
2614:Government
2570:Revolution
2555:Propaganda
2505:Legitimacy
2480:Government
2374:Scott Hahn
1751:Johann Eck
1403:Iconoclasm
1335:Pope Leo I
1195:Tertullian
855:References
438:Louis XIII
361:Metafisica
251:empiricism
179:astrologer
113:astrologer
109:theologian
62:1568-09-05
6331:Communism
6326:Anarchism
6253:Hu Jintao
6079:Imre Nagy
5869:M. N. Roy
5829:LĂ©on Blum
5824:Tony Benn
5759:Tariq Ali
5615:Karl Marx
5219:Adhocracy
5158:Reformism
5046:Democracy
4916:Chiangist
4906:Communist
4853:communism
4848:anarchism
4843:Christian
4830:Religious
4792:Stalinism
4718:Guevarism
4708:Castroism
4683:Blanquism
4559:Mutualism
4517:Communist
4507:Anarchism
4434:Reformist
4402:Labourism
4372:Communist
4330:Socialism
3970:Leviathan
3950:Monarchia
3944:(c. 1274)
3779:Oakeshott
3724:Mansfield
3719:Luxemburg
3704:Kropotkin
3599:Bernstein
3552:centuries
3466:Nietzsche
3409:Jefferson
3337:Condorcet
3285:centuries
3264:Pufendorf
3129:Marsilius
3016:Confucius
3001:Aristotle
2994:Antiquity
2922:Noble lie
2842:Third Way
2837:Socialism
2762:Feudalism
2717:Communism
2697:Anarchism
2676:Theocracy
2661:Oligarchy
2641:Democracy
2626:Autocracy
2540:Pluralism
2525:Obedience
2490:Hierarchy
2450:Authority
2278:Hans KĂŒng
2067:LĂ©on Bloy
2057:Modernism
1910:Jansenism
1596:Mysticism
1190:Montanism
816:(1709)",
450:Louis XIV
365:Theologia
359:(1606?),
278:Aristotle
274:heterodox
270:astrology
210:Biography
147:Placanica
127:1597â1634
6351:Old Left
6346:New Left
6319:See also
6248:Bob Crow
5784:Aung San
5212:Concepts
4989:Yugoslav
4925:European
4838:Buddhist
4745:Kadarism
4733:Husakism
4728:Hoxhaism
4713:CeauÈism
4693:Leninism
4671:Barracks
4633:Posadism
4628:Pabloism
4554:Magonism
4387:Feminist
4367:Agrarian
4225:Centrism
3920:Politics
3910:Republic
3879:Voegelin
3859:Spengler
3844:Shariati
3819:Rothbard
3774:Nussbaum
3674:Habermas
3649:Fukuyama
3639:Foucault
3564:Ambedkar
3541:Voltaire
3511:de Staël
3486:Rousseau
3367:Franklin
3342:Constant
3302:Beccaria
3134:Muhammad
3114:Gelasius
3099:Averroes
3073:Xenophon
3053:Polybius
3006:Chanakya
2851:Concepts
2817:Populism
2787:Localism
2772:Islamism
2757:Feminism
2656:Monarchy
2560:Property
2550:Progress
2515:Monopoly
2485:Hegemony
1810:Molinism
1388:Ecthesis
1340:Boethius
1245:Arianism
1235:Eusebius
1185:Irenaeus
1149:Polycarp
1063:Timeline
940:LibriVox
595:See also
475:(1709).
423:eclipses
345:(1601),
341:(1600),
224:Calabria
194:Calabria
162:Italian:
6164:Sukarno
6064:Mao Dun
4957:Mexican
4942:Israeli
4901:Chinese
4881:African
4860:Islamic
4760:Dengism
4469:Owenism
4454:Utopian
4424:Marxian
4414:Liberal
4382:Ethical
4354:thought
4344:Outline
4340:History
4262:Statism
4175:Elitism
4133:Related
3934:(51 BC)
3864:Strauss
3839:Scruton
3834:Schmitt
3824:Russell
3744:Michels
3739:Maurras
3734:Marcuse
3694:Kautsky
3664:Gramsci
3659:Gentile
3629:Dworkin
3619:Du Bois
3614:Dmowski
3609:Chomsky
3604:Burnham
3589:Benoist
3559:Agamben
3526:Thoreau
3516:Stirner
3506:Spencer
3451:Mazzini
3441:Maistre
3436:Madison
3431:Le Play
3362:Fourier
3327:Carlyle
3307:Bentham
3297:Bastiat
3292:Bakunin
3269:Spinoza
3259:MĂŒntzer
3229:Leibniz
3202:Grotius
3182:Bossuet
3149:Plethon
3094:Aquinas
3063:Sun Tzu
3031:Mencius
3021:Han Fei
2792:Marxism
2752:Fascism
2585:Society
2510:Liberty
2495:Justice
2475:Freedom
1731:Erasmus
1581:Thomism
1320:Orosius
1295:Ambrose
1210:Cyprian
1138:Didache
1092:Vulgate
1051:General
929:at the
907:(ed.).
872::
534:, 1623)
305:Spanish
298:convent
232:cobbler
92:Paris,
60: (
6094:Ne Win
6034:Lu Xun
5334:People
4962:Soviet
4937:Indian
4865:Jewish
4755:Maoism
4579:Social
4419:Market
4124:(1992)
4114:(1971)
4104:(1951)
4094:(1945)
4084:(1944)
4074:(1929)
4064:(1859)
4054:(1848)
4034:(1820)
4024:(1791)
4014:(1790)
4004:(1762)
3994:(1748)
3984:(1689)
3974:(1651)
3964:(1532)
3954:(1313)
3884:Walzer
3874:Taylor
3829:Sartre
3794:Popper
3789:Pareto
3784:Ortega
3769:Nozick
3759:Mouffe
3709:Laclau
3669:Guénon
3654:Gandhi
3594:Berlin
3584:Bauman
3579:Badiou
3569:Arendt
3536:Tucker
3426:Le Bon
3387:Herder
3377:Haller
3372:Godwin
3357:Fichte
3352:Engels
3347:Cortés
3317:Bonald
3274:SuĂĄrez
3249:Milton
3239:Luther
3212:Hobbes
3197:Filmer
3187:Calvin
3172:Boétie
3165:period
3144:Ockham
3011:Cicero
2812:Nazism
2600:Utopia
2575:Rights
2565:Regime
2535:People
2520:Nation
1423:Alcuin
1305:Jerome
1200:Origen
866:
840:
796:
586:Poesie
514:, 1617
508:, 1605
502:, 1591
494:, 1622
333:, 1638
317:Naples
266:Naples
204:utopia
190:heresy
6228:21st
5749:20th
5405:19th
5366:18th
5342:16th
4813:State
4739:Juche
4539:Green
4397:Guild
4392:Green
4273:Index
3902:Works
3889:Weber
3854:Spann
3849:Sorel
3814:Röpke
3809:Rawls
3764:Negri
3754:Mosca
3749:Mises
3714:Lenin
3684:Hoppe
3679:Hayek
3644:Fromm
3634:Evola
3624:Dugin
3521:Taine
3501:Smith
3481:Renan
3476:Paine
3397:Iqbal
3382:Hegel
3332:Comte
3322:Burke
3234:Locke
3224:James
3177:Bodin
3109:Dante
3104:Bruni
3058:Shang
3041:Plato
2595:State
2545:Power
2530:Peace
2465:Elite
2443:Terms
903:. In
728:Aries
612:Notes
483:Works
446:Paris
286:Padua
216:Stilo
69:Stilo
4972:Real
4891:Arab
3804:Rand
3799:Qutb
3699:Kirk
3574:Aron
3491:Sade
3471:Owen
3456:Mill
3446:Marx
3414:Kant
3392:Hume
3254:More
3154:Wang
3036:Mozi
2460:Duty
1393:Bede
1122:Paul
838:ISBN
794:ISBN
419:Rome
321:rack
294:Rome
202:, a
188:for
117:poet
82:Died
51:Born
3869:Sun
3729:Mao
2605:War
2500:Law
938:at
920:at
881:".
736:doi
471:'s
456:).
292:in
253:of
222:in
6446::
6230:c.
5751:c.
5407:c.
5368:c.
5344:c.
4342:-
1844:to
1223:to
732:17
730:.
726:.
652:^
629:.
157:OP
29:OP
5099:"
5095:"
4664:)
4660:(
4500:)
4496:(
4321:e
4314:t
4307:v
2428:e
2421:t
2414:v
1912:)
1908:(
1812:)
1808:(
1027:e
1020:t
1013:v
998:.
913:.
846:.
802:.
742:.
738::
681:.
452:(
349:(
160:(
64:)
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