223:" which translates from Latin to "remember you will die". The plinth is in black, as a sign of mourning for the Pope. The expansive billowing drapery of dark Sicilian jasper contrasts dramatically with the still white marble figures. In situations where Bernini needed a great mass of material, he could not depend just on marble recovered from ancient buildings and chose to work with a more modern marble. Thus he chose the Sicilian red jasper, the coloring rich in red tones with green streamed in. Even though the decision was based upon need, you can see Bernini's artistry throughout the tomb. The white marble contains a more pure feeling surrounding the figures of the Pope and the four virtues. This greatly contrasts to the dramatic drapery and the bronze figure of Death, both rich in color, adding emphasis to their meaning.
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The monument was a collaboration between
Bernini and his assistants, the latter doing most of the work under the close supervision of Bernini. These collaborators included G. Mazzuoli, L. Morelli, G. Cartari, M. Maglia, and L. Balestri. Bernini himself most likely worked on the statue of the Pope.
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Bernini began working on a design and model of the whole tomb and on
October 7, 1672, and was paid one thousand scudi for the start of his work. There are many surviving early designs of the tomb that still exist today. An early design of the tomb that was made in Bernini's studio survives in the
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in London. In
December 1671, the actual construction of the tomb began with wooden and clay framework or the full-scale model of the tomb. The last payment to Bernini is recorded on April 9, 1672. After receiving his payment, Bernini had drawings sent out to the quarry specifying the size of the
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There are six significant figures in the monument. At the apex is
Alexander kneeling in prayer. Below him are four female statues representing virtues practiced by the Pontiff. On the foreground is Charity with a child in her arms. To the right of that is Truth, whose foot rests on a globe. More
248:. After Clement's death, the idea was abandoned and the location changed to St. Peter's Basilica. The tomb was to be placed in a niche containing a door of the south transept. Bernini cleverly incorporated Death and the marble shroud hanging slightly over the door since it could not be moved.
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Early in his pontificate, Alexander knew he would need a monumental tomb to immortalize him; like his predecessors he commissioned the celebrated artist
Bernini. The papal diary first mentions the monument as early as August 9, 1656. After his death, the project was directed and paid for by
265:, once the tomb was unveiled, had objected to not only the nudity of Truth but also the bare breasts of Charity. Thus Bernini was forced to dress the figures. The last commissioned piece of Gianlorenzo Bernini was finally finished and unveiled in 1678.
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himself. However, construction of the monument did not start until 1671 and was completed in 1678, eleven years after the Pope's death. At the age of 81, this would be
Bernini's last major sculptural commission before his death in 1680.
215:. On the second level are Prudence and Justice. These statues were carved in white marble. Most dramatically, below Alexander, the figure of Death is represented in gilded bronze, shrouded in a billowing drapery of Sicilian
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at
Windsor. Two small clay bozzetti have survived which include Charity, in the Istituto delle Belle Arti in Siena, and the kneeling pope of Alexander in the
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marble blocks on July 23 of that same year. The tomb was almost finished but there was another pope who had something to say about it.
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precisely, Truth's foot is placed directly over
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Known for his portrait sculptures, he probably put the finishing touches to
Alexander's face.
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is a sculptural monument designed and partially executed by the
Italian artist
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Koortbojian, Michael (1991). "Disegni for the Tomb of Alexander VII".
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Nicolo Suffi, "St Peter's: Guide to the Basilica and Square,"
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Figure of Truth, sculpted by Lazzaro Morelli and Giulio Catari
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544:. Chicago; London: University of Chicago Press, 2011.
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The Goat Amalthea with the Infant Jupiter and a Faun
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456:Koortbojian, "Disegni for the Tomb", 272-273.
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572:, 4th edition. London: Phaidon Press, 1997.
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189:. It is located in the south transept of
16:Sculpture designed by Gianlorenzo Bernini
447:Mezzatesta and Preimesberger, "Bernini".
379:Mezzatesta and Preimesberger, "Bernini".
956:Two Busts of Cardinal Scipione Borghese
837:Bust of Monsignor Pedro de Foix Montoya
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816:Bust of Alessandro Peretti di Montalto
530:and Rudolf Preimesberger. "Bernini."
275:List of works by Gian Lorenzo Bernini
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1234:Equestrian Statue of King Louis XIV
1058:Confessio of Santa Francesca Romana
963:Tomb of Countess Matilda of Tuscany
844:Bust of Cardinal Roberto Bellarmine
306:Detail of the Tomb of Alexander VII
1480:Sculptures by Gian Lorenzo Bernini
294:Side View of Tomb of Alexander VII
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1192:Statue of King Philip IV of Spain
672:Bust of Giovanni Battista Santoni
851:Bust of Cardinal Giovanni Dolfin
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197:. The piece was commissioned by
1475:Monuments and memorials in Rome
1330:Fountains of St. Peter's Square
1160:Saints Jerome and Mary Magdalen
1037:Memorial to Alessandro Valtrini
872:Bust of Cardinal Melchior Klesl
760:Bust of Carlo Antonio del Pozzo
693:The Martyrdom of Saint Lawrence
1206:Angel with the Crown of Thorns
714:Aeneas, Anchises, and Ascanius
542:Bernini: His Life and His Rome
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1401:Self-Portrait as a Mature Man
1394:Saint Andrew and Saint Thomas
1213:Angel with the Superscription
1380:Self-Portrait as a Young Man
1044:Memorial to Ippolito Merenda
1387:Portrait of Pope Urban VIII
907:Memorial to Carlo Barberini
886:Bust of Francesco Barberini
879:Two Angels in Sant'Agostino
499:. New York: Rizzoli, 1984.
357:Nicolo Suffi, "St Peter's".
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1495:Marble sculptures in Italy
1320:Palazzo di Propaganda Fide
1259:Tomb of Pope Alexander VII
1252:Blessed Ludovica Albertoni
1118:Bust of Francesco I d'Este
1030:Bust of Cardinal Richilieu
977:Bust of Costanza Bonarelli
865:Bust of Antonio Cepparelli
802:Charity with Four Children
556:Libreria Editrice Vaticana
258:Victoria and Albert Museum
182:Tomb of Pope Alexander VII
162:Blessed Ludovica Albertoni
22:Tomb of Pope Alexander VII
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991:Statue of Pope Urban VIII
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721:Bust of Giovanni Vigevano
679:A Faun Teased by Children
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513:. The Warburg Institute.
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1305:Sant'Andrea al Quirinale
1266:Statue of Pope Clement X
1220:Bust of Gabriele Fonseca
1111:Busts of Pope Innocent X
830:Busts of Pope Urban VIII
558:, The Glass Press, Inc.
172:Statue of Pope Clement X
1450:Luigi Bernini (brother)
1445:Pietro Bernini (father)
1335:Fontana della Barcaccia
1178:Statue of Alexander VII
1086:Ecstasy of Saint Teresa
1051:Memorial to Maria Raggi
928:Sleeping Hermaphroditus
914:Tomb of Pope Urban VIII
788:Bust of Pope Gregory XV
536:(subscription required)
1440:Domenico Bernini (son)
1185:Busts of Alexander VII
1146:Habakkuk and the Angel
1072:Truth Unveiled by Time
998:Bust of King Charles I
774:The Rape of Proserpina
528:Mezzatesta, Michael P.
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597:Tomb of Alexander VII
238:Cardinal Flavio Chigi
142:41.90222°N 12.45333°E
1199:Elephant and Obelisk
1153:Chair of Saint Peter
1005:Bust of Thomas Baker
634:Gian Lorenzo Bernini
599:at Wikimedia Commons
409:Suffi, "St Peter's".
246:Santa Maria Maggiore
236:Alexander's nephew,
191:St. Peter's Basilica
187:Gian Lorenzo Bernini
107:St. Peter's Basilica
40:Gian Lorenzo Bernini
1500:Sculptures of popes
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1139:Daniel and the Lion
707:Bust of Pope Paul V
568:Wittkower, Rudolf.
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1300:St. Peter's Square
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767:Neptune and Triton
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578:978-0-7148-3715-4
564:978-8-8209-2480-5
550:978-0-2265-3851-8
505:978-8-8828-9445-0
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735:Blessed Soul
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221:memento mori
209:
195:Vatican City
181:
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111:Vatican City
1490:Papal tombs
728:Damned Soul
517:: 268–273.
213:Anglicanism
145: /
119:Coordinates
1469:Categories
932:(mattress)
465:Mormando,
426:, 295-296.
418:Mormando,
341:Mormando,
324:References
133:12°27′12″E
95:Dimensions
1368:Paintings
650:Sculpture
400:, 295-296
231:Execution
130:41°54′8″N
72:Sculpture
61:Catalogue
53:1671-1678
49:1671-1678
269:See also
240:. Under
103:Location
1429:Related
497:Bernini
467:Bernini
424:Bernini
420:Bernini
398:Bernini
368:Bernini
366:Borsi,
343:Bernini
281:Gallery
206:Figures
193:in the
85:Subject
51: (
1125:Corpus
1012:Medusa
576:
562:
548:
503:
469:, 238.
370:, 236.
345:, 199.
217:jasper
80:Marble
77:Medium
36:Artist
1244:1670s
1170:1660s
1103:1650s
1022:1640s
941:1630s
809:David
752:1620s
657:1610s
329:Notes
574:ISBN
560:ISBN
546:ISBN
501:ISBN
179:The
69:Type
46:Year
519:doi
1471::
534:.
515:54
495:.
431:^
384:^
350:^
109:,
64:77
626:e
619:t
612:v
521::
55:)
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