1094:
885:
267:
292:
924:
1132:
1029:
838:
1068:
1056:
904:
963:
943:
509:
45:
982:
873:
826:
811:
796:
1017:
469:
854:
278:
1114:
3035:
997:
1454:
494:
572:
1131:
583:
Picture jaspers exhibit combinations of patterns resulting in what appear to be scenes or images, when seen on a cut section. Such patterns include banding from flow or depositional patterns (from water or wind), as well as dendritic or color variations. Diffusion from a center produces a distinctive
546:
The classification and naming of jasper varieties presents a challenge. Terms attributed to various well-defined materials includes the geographic locality where it is found, sometimes quite restricted such as "Bruneau" (a canyon) and "Lahontan" (a lake), rivers and even individual mountains; many
1177:, who brought gifts to the infant Christ at his birth (Matthew 2:1). The name does not appear in the Bible, and is first found in medieval tradition. It seems to be ultimately of Persian origin, from a word meaning 'treasurer'. There is probably no connection with the English vocabulary word
767:
a black volcanic rock closely akin to basalt. Add to this the fact that many different rock types – having in common the colour black and a fine texture – have, over the ages, been pressed into service as touchstones and it will be seen that there is ample scope for confusion in this
1093:
884:
1028:
543:. The original materials are often fractured and/or distorted, after deposition, into diverse patterns, which are later filled in with other colorful minerals. Weathering, with time, will create intensely colored superficial rinds.
923:
903:
523:
rock of virtually any colour stemming from the mineral content of the original sediments or ash. Patterns arise during the consolidation process forming flow and depositional patterns in the original silica-rich
1067:
1055:
547:
are fanciful, such as "forest fire" or "rainbow", while others are descriptive, such as "autumn" or "porcelain". A few are designated by the place of origin such as a brown
Egyptian or red African.
810:
599:
While these "picture jaspers" can be found all over the world, specific colors or patterns are unique to the geographic region from which they originate. One source of the stone is
837:
942:
763:
of various (diagnostic) colours, against the dark background. There are, confusingly, not one but two rocks called basanite, one being a black form of jasper and the
962:
825:
266:
664:
Basanite is a deep velvety-black variety of amorphous quartz, of a slightly tougher and finer grain than jasper, and less splintery than hornstone. It was the
853:
1721:
1475:
1316:
1016:
996:
2754:
872:
981:
291:
1997:
1751:
1368:
1466:
1400:
732:) which are dense, fine-grained and flinty / cherty in texture and found in a number of localities. The "Lydian Stone" known to the
795:
1268:
759:, because they are hard enough to scratch such metals, which, if drawn (scraped) across them, show to advantage their metallic
539:
Jasper can be modified by the diffusion of minerals along discontinuities providing the appearance of vegetative growth, i.e.,
134:
2747:
157:
1634:
Moore, D.T.; Oddy, W.A. (1 January 1985). "Touchstones: Some aspects of their nomenclature, petrography and provenance".
1204:
1085:
1113:
720:(a.k.a. lydite or flinty slate) are terms used to refer to several types of black, jasper-like rock (also including
416:, jasper was carved to produce seals circa 1800 BC, as evidenced by archaeological recoveries at the palace of
749:
285:
2208:
1324:
589:
481:
50:
2740:
2044:
1866:
533:
2675:
2049:
1768:
1744:
560:
441:
as being clear and green. The jasper of the ancients probably included stones which would now be classed as
44:
17:
1595:"[green] Jasper from Ettutkanskoe jasper deposit, Ettutkan Mt, Staryi Sibay, Bashkortostan, Russia"
1705:
1302:
1212:
1431:
2575:
556:
344:
312:
255:
508:
2944:
2412:
2069:
1643:
949:
891:
458:
1509:
559:(BIFs) which indicate low, but present, amounts of dissolved oxygen in the water such as during the
270:
Movable
Egyptian ring in green jasper and gold, from 664 to 322 BC or later (Late Period), the
2407:
802:
760:
497:
Jewel-set vase carved from red-and-yellow jasper. Probable provenance: German, early 17th century,
410:
371:
231:
202:
147:
1816:
1796:
1737:
1388:
1043:
540:
401:
Jasper is known to have been a favorite gem in the ancient world; its name can be traced back in
271:
124:
468:
227:, usually red, yellow, brown or green in color; and rarely blue. The common red color is due to
2934:
2827:
2774:
2263:
1846:
1396:
1364:
1104:
914:
860:
498:
364:
277:
213:
3005:
2173:
2002:
1956:
1876:
1651:
1568:
1459:
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
816:
Dull red jasper veined with white quartz, rough, provenance: uncertain – possibly Crimea or
585:
520:
375:
220:
177:
167:
73:
3063:
3039:
2860:
2763:
2268:
2203:
2014:
1987:
1138:
697:
513:
450:
431:. The jasper of antiquity was in many cases distinctly green, for it is often compared to
402:
348:
224:
1416:
1647:
370:). This Semitic etymology is believed to be unrelated to that of the English given name
3015:
2894:
2873:
2621:
2565:
2553:
2482:
2126:
2064:
1841:
1073:
753:
733:
644:
628:
620:
563:
or snowball earths. The red bands are microcrystalline red chert, also called jasper.
502:
437:
334:
243:
91:
1715:
1699:
3057:
2696:
2626:
2585:
2253:
2007:
1992:
1941:
1655:
1470:
1460:
1384:
1276:
1174:
1173:"Jasper: The usual English form of the name assigned in Christian folklore to one of
685:
640:
624:
239:
206:
187:
101:
890:
Green-yellow-and-orange polished jasper boulder, Tropical Parc, musée des mineraux,
3010:
2787:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2663:
2616:
2446:
2392:
2178:
2059:
2019:
1911:
1149:
1119:
953:
934:
677:
612:
588:
appearance, i.e., leopard skin jasper or linear banding from a fracture as seen in
529:
1338:
1061:
Orbicular "ocean jasper", 5 cm (2.0 in), Analalava
District, Madagascar
2939:
2658:
2548:
2387:
2337:
2332:
2248:
2090:
1966:
1916:
1791:
1786:
1100:
1003:
969:
745:
717:
673:
604:
493:
446:
24:
3020:
2949:
2916:
2835:
2812:
2807:
2492:
2437:
2312:
2225:
2193:
2183:
2085:
2034:
1971:
1946:
1821:
1594:
1230:
1081:
1046:
1007:
910:
817:
773:
648:
571:
473:
442:
383:
303:
251:
216:
2977:
2929:
2868:
2817:
2638:
2631:
2502:
2497:
2477:
2402:
2327:
2321:
2302:
2198:
2139:
2054:
1951:
1886:
1861:
1851:
1781:
1760:
1146:
973:
769:
729:
709:
600:
390:
234:. Jasper breaks with a smooth surface and is used for ornamentation or as a
1535:
1034:
Orbicular "ocean jasper" (not, strictly, a jasper, but a highly silicified
575:
Earrings of polished "leopard-spot jasper" (actually a type of spherulitic
672:
of the ancients. It is mentioned and its use described in the writings of
3000:
2995:
2797:
2706:
2680:
2669:
2606:
2533:
2472:
2462:
2457:
2417:
2357:
2347:
2307:
2289:
2278:
2273:
2188:
2144:
2029:
2024:
1961:
1901:
1891:
1856:
1831:
1806:
1801:
1298:
1142:
1035:
895:
844:
764:
576:
525:
428:
423:
Although the term jasper is now restricted to opaque quartz, the ancient
394:
235:
2972:
2792:
2782:
2766:
2701:
2611:
2523:
2432:
2397:
2382:
2367:
2352:
2342:
2215:
2149:
2100:
2039:
1896:
1871:
1836:
593:
512:
Goat-headed basket carved from red jasper. Russian, late 19th century,
477:
432:
417:
247:
66:
1669:
1249:
2987:
2802:
2601:
2507:
2467:
2442:
2362:
2258:
2243:
2238:
2154:
2105:
2095:
1811:
1776:
1123:
988:
930:
864:
741:
701:
652:
627:
canyon are particularly fine examples. Other examples can be seen at
608:
295:
281:
209:
1232:
Review on the mineralogical systematics of jasper and related rocks
119:
Most commonly red, but may be yellow, brown, green or (rarely) blue
2924:
2899:
2845:
2840:
2732:
2580:
2570:
2560:
2543:
2538:
2528:
2487:
2317:
2297:
2233:
2165:
1906:
1881:
1826:
1698:
1077:
756:
737:
725:
636:
632:
616:
570:
507:
492:
467:
413:
406:
319:
290:
276:
265:
700:
had in mind when he wrote about it was merely a dense variety of
238:. It can be highly polished and is used for items such as vases,
2964:
2954:
2878:
2452:
2427:
2422:
2372:
2134:
1039:
721:
635:. A blue-green jasper occurs in a deposit at Ettutkan Mountain,
536:
is generally thought to be required in the formation of jasper.
298:
sphinx pendant, red jasper, pearl and enamel, French, circa 1870
228:
2736:
1733:
445:, and the emerald-like jasper may have been akin to the modern
378:
origin, though the
Persian word for the mineral jasper is also
306:
302:
The name means "spotted or speckled stone," and is derived via
1714:
1141:
jasper" – not a jasper at all but a form of the igneous rock
831:
Brecciated red jasper tumbled smooth, 1 in (2.5 cm)
1729:
1621:
Quartz Family
Minerals: A handbook for the mineral collector
1152:(and not, as often claimed, of tourmaline). Polished pebble.
1022:
Poppy jasper: small, polished slabs, Morgan Hill, California
909:
Green-and-red jasper pebble with areas of grey, translucent
696:), a century later. It is evident that the touchstone that
23:"Jaspis" redirects here. For the genus of sea sponges, see
1419:. Gem by Gem. International Colored Gemstone Association.
1359:
Hanks, Patrick; Hardcastle, Kate; Hodges, Flavia (2006).
1183:
Semitic origin." — Hanks, Hardcastle, & Hodges (2006)
555:
Jasper is the main component in the silica-rich parts of
748:. Such rock types have long been used for the making of
1619:
Dake, H.C.; Fleener, Frank L.; Wilson, Ben Hur (1938).
1275:. GemRocks. Central Michigan University. Archived from
1238:. Archaeometry Workshop. Vol. 7. pp. 209–213.
929:
Cabochon of Tabu Tabu jasper (brecciated, with angular
16:
This article is about the mineral. For other uses, see
859:
Brecciated yellow-and-green jasper, cut and polished,
643:, Russia. (The town of Sibay, in the far south of the
449:. The Hebrew word may have designated a green jasper.
435:
and other green objects. Jasper is referred to in the
1363:(2 ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 138.
358:
2986:
2963:
2915:
2908:
2887:
2859:
2826:
2773:
2651:
2594:
2516:
2287:
2224:
2163:
2125:
2118:
2078:
1980:
1934:
1927:
1767:
427:was a stone of considerable translucency including
186:
176:
166:
156:
146:
133:
123:
115:
110:
100:
90:
72:
62:
57:
37:
1725:. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 279.
465:, the tenth stone, may have been a yellow jasper.
1447:
1445:
258:rock that often has distinctive bands of jasper.
1354:
1352:
2748:
1745:
676:about 450 BC, and was also described by
250:of jasper is typically 2.5 to 2.9 g/cm.
8:
1479:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
352:
1299:"Finger ring with a representation of Ptah"
1145:. The black spots are composed of the rare
328:
322:
2912:
2755:
2741:
2733:
2122:
1931:
1752:
1738:
1730:
1103:from the Windalia Radiolarite Formation,
592:jasper. Healed, fragmented rock produces
1224:
1222:
32:Chalcedony variety colored by iron oxide
1196:
1166:
1002:Poppy jasper (an orbicular jasper from
878:Brecciated yellow jasper, cut and oiled
791:
651:, is noted for its colossal, open-cast
405:, Persian, Hebrew, Assyrian, Greek and
284:of scarlet jasper, provenance unknown,
659:Basanite and other types of touchstone
34:
968:Multi-coloured, banded jasper rough,
7:
736:is named for the ancient kingdom of
1465:Rudler, Frederick William (1911). "
1430:Hogan, C. Michael (14 April 2008).
472:Male torso carved from red jasper,
353:
708:Basanite (not to be confused with
14:
1636:Journal of Archaeological Science
1623:. Whittlesey House (McGraw Hill).
1575:. International Gem Society (IGS)
1181:denoting a gemstone, which is of
3033:
1569:"Jasper gemological information"
1452:
1323:. Strong's G2393. Archived from
1130:
1112:
1092:
1066:
1054:
1027:
1015:
995:
980:
961:
952:, provenance doubtful, possibly
941:
922:
902:
883:
871:
852:
836:
824:
809:
794:
744:. A similar rock type occurs in
219:and other mineral phases, is an
43:
1555:How to Build a Habitable Planet
1267:Dietrich, R.V. (23 May 2005).
389:Green jasper was used to make
1:
933:cemented by grey chalcedony)
1656:10.1016/0305-4403(85)90015-9
1175:the three magi or 'wise men'
843:Red-green-and-yellow jasper
1361:A Dictionary of First Names
1086:A. E. Seaman Mineral Museum
1080:(this jasper occurs within
987:Kaleidoscope jasper rough,
461:– was a red jasper, whilst
359:
3080:
917:, Shichiri Nagahama, Japan
286:Royal Pump Room, Harrogate
22:
15:
3029:
2689:
1395:. Routledge. p. 22.
776:-related field of study.
482:Indus Valley civilisation
459:High Priest's breastplate
457:– the first stone on the
343:(feminine noun), from an
86:(with varying impurities)
51:Bucegi Mountains, Romania
42:
534:Hydrothermal circulation
2254:Nickel silver (alpacca)
1722:Encyclopædia Britannica
1553:Broecker, W.S. (1985).
1497:Encyclopædia Britannica
1476:Encyclopædia Britannica
740:in what is now western
647:, near the border with
607:district. From the US,
307:
18:Jasper (disambiguation)
1706:Encyclopedia Americana
1491:Hastings's Dict. Bible
1436:The Modern Antiquarian
1303:The Walters Art Museum
1213:U.S. Geological Survey
1211:. Commodity minerals.
752:to test the purity of
706:
580:
557:banded iron formations
551:Banded iron formations
516:
505:
485:
329:
323:
299:
288:
274:
2595:Other natural objects
1229:Kostov, R.I. (2010).
847:, Cherry Creek, China
662:
574:
561:Great Oxidation Event
511:
496:
471:
294:
280:
269:
262:Etymology and history
256:banded-iron-formation
2070:Wire wrapped jewelry
2050:Repoussé and chasing
1432:"Knossos fieldnotes"
892:Saint-Jacut-les-Pins
345:Afroasiatic language
223:, impure variety of
3040:Minerals portal
2612:Ebonite (vulcanite)
1648:1985JArSc..12...59M
1534:Gamma, Hans (ed.).
1389:Rothermund, Dietmar
803:Cave Creek, Arizona
786:Varieties of jasper
453:suggested that the
106:Quartz (Chalcedony)
1957:Jewellery designer
1540:worldofjaspers.com
1536:"World of Jaspers"
1514:Prehistoric Online
1393:A History of India
1044:Analalava District
801:Red jasper rough,
581:
517:
506:
486:
399:5th millennium BC.
300:
289:
275:
272:Walters Art Museum
3051:
3050:
3047:
3046:
2935:Chrome chalcedony
2909:Notable varieties
2828:Cryptocrystalline
2730:
2729:
2647:
2646:
2517:Organic gemstones
2114:
2113:
1676:. 15 October 2012
1321:Blue Letter Bible
1105:Western Australia
1101:radiolarian chert
915:Aomori Prefecture
596:(broken) jasper.
499:Waddesdon Bequest
214:cryptocrystalline
196:
195:
3071:
3038:
3037:
3036:
3006:Herkimer diamond
2913:
2757:
2750:
2743:
2734:
2174:Britannia silver
2123:
1932:
1754:
1747:
1740:
1731:
1726:
1718:
1710:
1702:
1686:
1685:
1683:
1681:
1666:
1660:
1659:
1631:
1625:
1624:
1616:
1610:
1609:
1607:
1605:
1591:
1585:
1584:
1582:
1580:
1565:
1559:
1558:
1550:
1544:
1543:
1531:
1525:
1524:
1522:
1520:
1506:
1500:
1494:
1487:
1481:
1480:
1458:
1456:
1455:
1449:
1440:
1439:
1427:
1421:
1420:
1413:
1407:
1406:
1381:
1375:
1374:
1356:
1347:
1346:
1335:
1329:
1328:
1313:
1307:
1306:
1295:
1289:
1288:
1286:
1284:
1264:
1258:
1257:
1246:
1240:
1239:
1237:
1226:
1217:
1216:
1201:
1185:
1184:
1171:
1134:
1116:
1096:
1070:
1058:
1031:
1019:
999:
984:
965:
945:
926:
906:
887:
875:
856:
840:
828:
813:
798:
691:
603:, especially in
400:
397:between 4th and
362:
356:
355:
339:
332:
326:
310:
178:Refractive index
168:Specific gravity
139:
79:
78:(repeating unit)
49:Jasper outcrop,
47:
35:
3079:
3078:
3074:
3073:
3072:
3070:
3069:
3068:
3054:
3053:
3052:
3043:
3034:
3032:
3025:
2982:
2959:
2904:
2883:
2855:
2822:
2769:
2761:
2731:
2726:
2685:
2643:
2632:Spondylus shell
2590:
2512:
2283:
2269:Stainless steel
2220:
2204:Sterling silver
2164:Precious metal
2159:
2127:Precious metals
2110:
2074:
1976:
1923:
1763:
1758:
1713:
1697:
1694:
1689:
1679:
1677:
1668:
1667:
1663:
1633:
1632:
1628:
1618:
1617:
1613:
1603:
1601:
1593:
1592:
1588:
1578:
1576:
1567:
1566:
1562:
1552:
1551:
1547:
1533:
1532:
1528:
1518:
1516:
1508:
1507:
1503:
1489:
1488:
1484:
1464:
1453:
1451:
1450:
1443:
1429:
1428:
1424:
1415:
1414:
1410:
1403:
1383:
1382:
1378:
1371:
1358:
1357:
1350:
1337:
1336:
1332:
1327:on 22 May 2016.
1315:
1314:
1310:
1297:
1296:
1292:
1282:
1280:
1279:on 9 March 2012
1266:
1265:
1261:
1248:
1247:
1243:
1235:
1228:
1227:
1220:
1203:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1189:
1188:
1182:
1172:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1157:
1156:
1153:
1135:
1126:
1117:
1108:
1097:
1088:
1071:
1062:
1059:
1050:
1049:, polished slab
1032:
1023:
1020:
1011:
1000:
991:
985:
976:
966:
957:
948:Jasper variety
946:
937:
927:
918:
907:
898:
888:
879:
876:
867:
857:
848:
841:
832:
829:
820:
814:
805:
799:
788:
787:
782:
689:
661:
569:
567:Picture jaspers
553:
514:Kremlin Armoury
491:
451:Flinders Petrie
398:
337:
264:
137:
85:
77:
76:
53:
33:
28:
21:
12:
11:
5:
3077:
3075:
3067:
3066:
3056:
3055:
3049:
3048:
3045:
3044:
3030:
3027:
3026:
3024:
3023:
3018:
3016:Shocked quartz
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2992:
2990:
2984:
2983:
2981:
2980:
2975:
2969:
2967:
2961:
2960:
2958:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2921:
2919:
2910:
2906:
2905:
2903:
2902:
2897:
2891:
2889:
2885:
2884:
2882:
2881:
2876:
2874:Lechatelierite
2871:
2865:
2863:
2857:
2856:
2854:
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1716:"Jasper"
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1700:"Jasper"
1693:
1692:External links
1690:
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1573:gemsociety.org
1560:
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1385:Kulke, Hermann
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1074:Bruneau jasper
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734:Ancient Greeks
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645:Ural Mountains
629:Ynys Llanddwyn
621:Bruneau jasper
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503:British Museum
490:
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438:Nibelungenlied
374:, which is of
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1207:. Gemstones.
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686:Ancient Greek
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641:Bashkortostan
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625:Bruneau River
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519:Jasper is an
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207:microgranular
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188:Birefringence
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129:Indiscernible
128:
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102:Crystal class
99:
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81:
75:
71:
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65:
61:
56:
52:
46:
41:
36:
30:
26:
19:
3031:
3011:Smoky quartz
2850:
2788:Cristobalite
2722:Wearable art
2717:Phaleristics
2712:Metalworking
2617:Gutta-percha
2393:Lapis lazuli
2377:
2179:Colored gold
2060:Stonesetting
1720:
1704:
1678:. Retrieved
1673:
1664:
1642:(1): 59–80.
1639:
1635:
1629:
1620:
1614:
1602:. Retrieved
1598:
1589:
1577:. Retrieved
1572:
1563:
1554:
1548:
1539:
1529:
1517:. Retrieved
1513:
1504:
1496:
1490:
1485:
1474:
1435:
1425:
1411:
1392:
1379:
1360:
1342:
1333:
1325:the original
1320:
1311:
1293:
1281:. Retrieved
1277:the original
1272:
1262:
1253:
1244:
1231:
1208:
1205:"Chalcedony"
1199:
1178:
1169:
1150:arfvedsonite
1120:Biggs jasper
954:Deccan Traps
935:South Africa
714:Lydian stone
713:
707:
693:
681:
680:in his book
678:Theophrastus
669:
666:Lydian stone
665:
663:
637:Staryi Sibay
613:Biggs jasper
598:
582:
554:
545:
538:
530:volcanic ash
518:
462:
454:
436:
424:
422:
388:
379:
367:
351:
340:
315:
313:Anglo-Norman
311:(variant of
301:
198:
197:
29:
2940:Chrysoprase
2895:Tiger's eye
2775:Crystalline
2659:Art jewelry
2483:Tiger's eye
2388:Labradorite
2338:Chrysocolla
2333:Chrysoberyl
2249:Mokume-gane
2226:Base metals
1998:centrifugal
1967:Silversmith
1842:Ferronnière
1792:Belt buckle
1787:Belly chain
1319:. Lexicon.
1082:thundereggs
1004:Morgan Hill
750:touchstones
746:New England
718:radiolarite
694:Peri Lithon
674:Bacchylides
605:Purbalingga
447:chrysoprase
244:snuff boxes
158:Diaphaneity
25:Ancorinidae
3021:Prasiolite
2950:Moss agate
2945:Heliotrope
2917:Chalcedony
2836:Chalcedony
2813:Stishovite
2808:Seifertite
2493:Tourmaline
2438:Prasiolite
2313:Aventurine
2184:Crown gold
2086:Draw plate
2035:Metal clay
1972:Watchmaker
1962:Lapidarist
1947:Clockmaker
1822:Collar pin
1817:Chatelaine
1674:Mindat.org
1670:"Basanite"
1599:Mindat.org
1579:16 January
1283:16 October
1254:Mindat.org
1192:References
1047:Madagascar
1008:California
950:bloodstone
911:chalcedony
818:Kyrgyzstan
774:mineralogy
730:siltstones
690:Περὶ λίθων
670:touchstone
649:Kazakhstan
594:brecciated
484:, Pakistan
474:Bronze Age
443:chalcedony
391:bow drills
304:Old French
296:Low-relief
252:Jaspillite
232:inclusions
217:chalcedony
135:Mohs scale
2978:Geyserite
2930:Carnelian
2869:Fulgurite
2861:Amorphous
2818:Tridymite
2639:Toadstone
2576:Operculum
2503:Variscite
2498:Turquoise
2478:Tanzanite
2413:Moonstone
2408:Marcasite
2403:Malachite
2328:Carnelian
2303:Amazonite
2290:gemstones
2264:Pinchbeck
2209:Argentium
2199:Shibuichi
2140:Palladium
2119:Materials
2055:Soldering
2045:Polishing
2020:Engraving
2015:Enameling
1981:Processes
1952:Goldsmith
1887:Tie chain
1862:Neck ring
1852:Lapel pin
1761:Jewellery
1495:cited in
1161:Footnotes
1147:amphibole
1139:Dalmatian
974:Barcelona
770:petrology
710:bassanite
682:On Stones
623:from the
601:Indonesia
590:liesegang
586:orbicular
541:dendritic
229:iron(III)
203:aggregate
182:1.54–2.65
96:Hexagonal
3058:Category
3001:Ametrine
2996:Amethyst
2798:Moganite
2767:minerals
2707:Gemology
2681:Fineness
2672:(purity)
2607:Bog-wood
2554:Precious
2534:Ammolite
2473:Sunstone
2463:Sodalite
2458:Sapphire
2418:Obsidian
2358:Fluorite
2348:Diopside
2308:Amethyst
2288:Mineral
2279:Tungsten
2274:Titanium
2189:Electrum
2145:Platinum
2030:Kazaziye
2025:Filigree
2003:lost-wax
1902:Toe ring
1892:Tie clip
1867:Pectoral
1857:Necklace
1832:Cufflink
1807:Bracelet
1802:Bolo tie
1782:Barrette
1680:24 March
1604:21 April
1510:"Jasper"
1499:(1911)..
1417:"Jasper"
1391:(2004).
1339:"Jasper"
1317:"iaspis"
1269:"Jasper"
1250:"Jasper"
1209:USGS.gov
1143:perthite
1107:), rough
1036:rhyolite
1010:), rough
970:Montjuïc
896:Brittany
861:Kara Dag
845:cabochon
577:rhyolite
526:sediment
463:tarshish
429:nephrite
395:Mehrgarh
365:Akkadian
324:iaspidem
236:gemstone
152:Vitreous
138:hardness
125:Cleavage
63:Category
2973:Fiorite
2793:Keatite
2783:Coesite
2702:Fashion
2676:Finding
2524:Abalone
2433:Peridot
2398:Larimar
2383:Kyanite
2368:Howlite
2353:Emerald
2343:Diamond
2216:Tumbaga
2194:Shakudō
2150:Rhodium
2101:Mandrel
2040:Plating
1993:Casting
1988:Carving
1897:Tie pin
1872:Pendant
1847:Genital
1837:Earring
1709:. 1920.
1644:Bibcode
1542:(main).
1519:10 June
1493:. 1902,
1473:(ed.).
1463::
780:Gallery
761:streaks
688:title:
655:mine.)
478:Harappa
433:emerald
418:Knossos
376:Persian
368:yashupu
360:yashpeh
333:) from
248:density
212:and/or
172:2.5–2.9
74:Formula
67:Mineral
58:General
3064:Jasper
2988:Quartz
2851:Jasper
2803:Quartz
2764:Silica
2666:(mass)
2602:Bezoar
2508:Zircon
2468:Spinel
2443:Quartz
2378:Jasper
2363:Garnet
2259:Pewter
2244:Copper
2239:Bronze
2166:alloys
2155:Silver
2106:Pliers
2096:Hammer
2008:vacuum
1935:People
1928:Making
1912:pocket
1812:Brooch
1777:Anklet
1469:". In
1467:Jasper
1457:
1399:
1367:
1179:jasper
1124:Oregon
989:Oregon
931:clasts
865:Crimea
772:- and
757:alloys
742:Turkey
726:cherts
716:, and
702:basalt
653:copper
609:Oregon
521:opaque
425:iaspis
411:Minoan
403:Arabic
372:Jasper
349:Hebrew
341:iaspis
338:ἴασπις
330:iaspis
327:(nom.
318:) and
308:jaspre
282:Amulet
246:. The
242:, and
225:silica
221:opaque
210:quartz
199:Jasper
162:Opaque
148:Luster
116:Colour
38:Jasper
2925:Agate
2900:Aqeeq
2846:Flint
2841:Chert
2670:Carat
2664:Carat
2652:Terms
2627:Shell
2581:Pearl
2571:Nacre
2561:Ivory
2549:Black
2544:Coral
2539:Copal
2529:Amber
2488:Topaz
2447:smoky
2318:Beryl
2298:Agate
2234:Brass
2079:Tools
1917:strap
1907:Watch
1882:Tiara
1827:Crown
1797:Bindi
1769:Forms
1236:(PDF)
1078:Idaho
956:India
765:other
738:Lydia
722:tuffs
698:Pliny
633:Wales
617:Idaho
489:Types
414:Crete
409:. On
407:Latin
380:yashp
347:(cf.
335:Greek
320:Latin
316:jaspe
254:is a
240:seals
201:, an
192:0.009
142:6.5–7
2965:Opal
2955:Onyx
2879:Opal
2622:Hair
2453:Ruby
2428:Opal
2423:Onyx
2373:Jade
2135:Gold
2091:File
1877:Ring
1682:2013
1606:2020
1581:2015
1521:2022
1397:ISBN
1365:ISBN
1285:2006
1040:tuff
728:and
615:and
455:odem
384:یَشم
354:ישפה
2566:Jet
2322:red
1652:doi
1084:),
1038:or
712:),
668:or
631:in
619:'s
611:'s
528:or
393:in
386:).
205:of
82:SiO
3060::
1719:.
1703:.
1672:.
1650:.
1640:12
1638:.
1597:.
1571:.
1538:.
1512:.
1444:^
1434:.
1387:;
1351:^
1341:.
1301:.
1271:.
1252:.
1221:^
1122:,
1076:,
1042:)
1006:,
972:,
913:,
894:,
863:,
724:,
692::
639:,
532:.
501:,
480:,
476:,
420:.
363:,
2756:e
2749:t
2742:v
2449:)
2445:(
2324:)
2320:(
1753:e
1746:t
1739:v
1684:.
1658:.
1654::
1646::
1608:.
1583:.
1557:.
1523:.
1438:.
1405:.
1373:.
1345:.
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1287:.
1256:.
1215:.
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684:(
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