Anton Bacalbașa - Knowledge (XXG)

1670: 1133: 1417:. Although he condemned Scorțescu's editorial policy, Toni advised Stere to withdraw his demand for satisfaction, or else "all the crooks and vermin will only have to learn how to duel and that's how the press will be banned from taking a stand." In his column of 1 October, when he discussed the Conservatives' decision to expel all "trouble-making" students, he admitted that the complications of the affair surpassed his power of understanding: "I could not say anymore, there's a sort of black confusion in my mind". 879: 44: 559: 1493: 1641:. Public mourning was taken up by both Fleva and Caragiale. According to the former: "Through every sort of trouble, through every storm I ever had to cross into, I felt strong knowing that Anton Bacalbașa was with me. It is to his talent, his heart and his friendship that I owe the best years of my public life." The same year, the PSDMR itself disappeared from the scene: 1121:. He wrote: " a sinister character emerges, in the person of Anton Bacalbașa, the graduate of two gymnasium classes, along with other unknown celebrities . It is certain that such transitions from one stance to the other have disgusted the cultured public, giving birth to a deep resentment for this sheet that, once taken over by Anton Bacalbașa, did not embrace 1244:, calling them the work of "some stupid parvenu". His conflict with the Gherea socialists was, according to Călinescu, rather pointless, since Bacalbașa is "only apparently an adversary of Vlahuță's". The debate nevertheless grew into a mutual animosity. In one of his letters, Vlahuță feigns shock at the discovery that Toni has judged him to be "talentless". 473:

and socialist milieus. He was, by various accounts, a good public speaker, who knew how to address the workers, but who avoided issues of doctrine and made ample use of "mean gibes" against the politicians in power. Bacalbașa and his brothers became interested in socialist politics at a time when the

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in looks and speech", was a favorite of the Bucharest workers, and made an impression on them by touching the issue of penniless senior citizens. Bacalbașa himself did not have a stable domicile, and slept on the tables at Sotir. By 1893, Kirițescu notes, the task of representing "Marxist orthodoxy"

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Some of Bacalbașa's writings are of a more restrained nature, and even include somber pieces. A younger colleague, C. Cosco, recalled: "We knew that, under his ferocious sarcasm, under his biting wit, he was hiding the sentimentality of a German maiden." In his more serious poems, Toni follows the

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grew in scope, and began publishing satires of Christianity. These earned it a poor reputation in the media, created a political controversy, and nearly resulted in a trial of Ranetti. Additionally, Ranetti used one of Bacalbașa's final texts as preface to a collection of jokes, which saw print in

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Teacă and the other infantry officers are especially violent toward the recruits, and use a wide inventory of corporal punishments, on an advancing scale. In addition to hitting the young soldiers (with their bare knuckles, with sword belts, or with sticks), they force some to run around for hours

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During his 1890s polemics, Anton Bacalbașa explained at length what his vision of didacticism meant. His stated belief was that: "In all of our works, that which is alive first and foremost is ourselves." Nevertheless, George Călinescu writes, Toni "was far from pouring socialism over everything",

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cultural supplement, which gave him the opportunity to engage in major debates over literary theory. Călinescu describes enterprise as reflecting "the socialist spirit". When Caragiale lost his position as a civil servant and fell back on money earned with his restaurant, Toni attempted to stir an

1699:, which endures as Bacalbașa's best liked series, is a tragicomic account of military life. The eponymous hero is a grotesque Army Captain, who is comically illiterate but savage in his treatment of the recruits. The reader never learns his actual name, but only his nickname, literally "Old Man 1306:

piece, calling on the PNL to move further to the left, by "openly embracing the democratic ideals." The offer of a liberal-socialist alliance was announced by the PSDMR's own program, but ignored by the PNL; as a result of this attitude, the PSDMR's Diamandy even suggested an alliance with the

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A serious scandal erupted in June 1894, when the socialists found themselves targeted by nationalist students mobs, who objected to the PSDMR's alleged snubbing of the Romanians of Transylvania. The demonstrations soon degenerated into an attack on private institutions, including the

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published a piece attacking Nădejde for having organized that meeting behind closed doors. He may still have been present at that reunion, representing another club. Toni was also a noted guest at the Sotir meeting acknowledging the party's establishment, addressing a packed hall.

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His political role was recognized by his peers, who nominated him for the Commission drafting the party program, then elected him on the party's governing body (the General Council). Bacalbașa was one of the six people elected by the congress into a ten-member delegation to the

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Bacalbașa's other humorous works are scattered. Călinescu describes him as a restless "buffoon" and "an unpretentious journalist", but acknowledges that his French wit and verve have raised the level of Romania's media. Toni's parodies of Symbolism, published in

434:, the exact date of Anton's birth is a mystery, but, judging by one of Toni's poems, may be 21 February 1865. Authors note that Toni was a passionate and extrovert person, but with a generally weak constitution. Born prematurely, he was reputedly an 1263:, allowed himself to be entirely absorbed into the polemic. Bacalbașa was widely credited as the winner of this collateral dispute, and even Hasdeu was pleasantly surprised by his talents, recommending him as Romania's only genuine journalist. 453:

of military life. According to his own account, he was insulted by a senior officer for not reporting to him concerning the suicide of one recruit; he avenged himself by punching his superior in front of the entire company. Bacalbașa faced a

1480:, but also criticized it for not allowing a state monopoly on mines. Also that year, Bacalbașa dueled with a certain Bogdanovici, having Caragiale as his witness. The event is remembered in literature because Caragiale, using his trademark 1748:

has swelled, he asks, "Who gave the order for this?" He provides his men with incomprehensible advice on how to march, instructs them how to make a polite retreat if the enemy catches them without a weapon, and, while on maneuvers on the

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vied for attention with the same niche of the working public. One of Stere's colleagues, the socialist N. Quinezu, denounced Anton Bacalbașa for being in a conflict of interest, for holding a PSDMR office while still working at

4534: 1274:("The Romanian Rot"). Bacalbașa's political and artistic preoccupations formed the basis for three new books, all printed in 1894. One was dedicated to, and named after, his conference on the topic of "art for art's sake" ( 1005:, most likely written by Bacalbașa himself. The pieces were many times anonymous, and it is occasionally difficult for researchers to distinguish between Caragiale and Bacalbașa's articles. According to Caragiale expert 1424:

for good. It is possible that this rift occurred because of Beldiman, who ceded his stock to Mille without even considering Bacalbașa for a successor. The issue was of interest to the entire socialist movement, since

1102:, making it the informal PSDMR platform. Toni was appointed as one of the paper's editors, and authored what is probably the first-ever interview in Romanian media history. The other Bacalbașas were also enlisted by 493:

each had adherents in Romania. The proponents of a non-violent and liberal Marxism, as theorized political refugee Dobrogeanu-Gherea, eventually won the day, and the socialist clubs began constructing programs for a

1255:, Bacalbașa and his journal reacted with vehemence, debating over this issue with Steuerman-Rodion, a more moderate socialist chronicler. Yet another target for Toni's criticism was the old historian and novelist 1125:, but proceeded to insult with brutality all those things that are notable in industry, commerce, finance". In retrospect, Constantin Bacalbașa also admitted that the socialist takeover was made possible because 1707:" (Bacalbașa hints that derogatory nicknames were commonly used by the recruits when referring to their unpopular superiors). It is generally held that Toni's anti-hero is in large part inspired by a standard of 1251:, an anti-didacticist, degenerated into "a suburbanite airing of dirty laundry"; while Cosco writes that their quarrel was "a waste of humor". When Gherea was challenged from the left by a pseudonymous author, 1669: 4499: 1389:

Mille's group found a friend in Constantin Stere, by then a maverick member of the PNL, who began maneuvering against the PNL's right-wing from the inside. Managing a literary sheet put out by the pro-PNL

1163:, and for this reason did not get along with Beldiman. According to one account, he and Beldiman got into a war of nerves, interrupting each other's activities with the sound of bells—moving from standard 1374:

also reported that the students had originally asked Bacalbașa to tone down his agenda, to which he allegedly replied: "Get out, you dastards!" Reportedly, the rioters were violently dispersed by the

729:, who joined the Sotir group as a 17-year-old, recalls that both men "carried the brunt" of organizing and educating the socialist sympathizers. According to journalist I. Felea, Toni, who "resembled 1769:, the soldiers react badly to injustice and stage a protest, but their effort is ultimately wasted by intrigues. Other categories of servicemen are also touched by Bacalbașa's wit. His stories show 761:, and was originally apolitical, but moved to the left once Bacalbașa took over. He himself lived for a while in the city, and, like Radovici, sat on the Ploiești Workers' Club Executive Committee. 315:, who inspired in him the idea of a socialist art addressed to the masses. He was himself a popularizer of Marxist ideas, and one of the first Marxist intellectuals in Romanian political history. 2068: 2531: 848:, Toni wrote in favor of a workers' art, inspired by the sheer realities of industrial life, and published, in addition to his own short prose, fragments from various socially minded authors— 899:

The busiest part of Toni Bacalbașa's short career covers the years 1893–1894. He had by then befriended the influential satirist Caragiale, and, with him, began work on the humorous gazette

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Moș Teacă has lived all his life in the army, having been a drummer boy by vocation. His obtuse nature greatly disturbs his understanding of civilian affairs: when he is informed that the

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After prolonged debates and negotiations, the various socialist assemblies fused with each other, creating, in March 1893, the PSDMR. It has been described as Romania's "first nation-wide

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in its campaign for literary didacticism, and organized rallies of solidarity with the Bucharest socialists. This happened just as Toni was publishing satirical pieces targeting

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party", and called itself "the vanguard of socialism" in Romania. Toni Bacalbașa was not delegated by Bucharest to represent the Sotir circle at the original PSDMR Congress, and

690:, a major affair which involved both Conservatives and socialists. In June 1891, "Bacalbașa Anton" was also announced as one of the leading contributors to the literary magazine 4217: 4049: 1518:

Eventually, Bacalbașa formalized his split with the socialist party. From 1896, both he and his rival Scorțescu were members of a PNL splinter group, presided upon by lawyer

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tradition, while his memoirs record the involuntarily humorous rhyming of a poet-soldier. Călinescu finds them amusing but, in large part, copied from the French prankster

4404: 430:, from 1834 to 1841, then settled in Brăila with his wife Aneta; they had thirteen children, seven of whom died before reaching maturity. According to literary historian 4409: 4509: 481:

The Romanian socialist clubs, which first held congress during that year, were still undecided about which school of thought should inspire their agenda: Marxism,

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governing Conservatives. Bacalbașa, Mille and Beldiman were all present at a January 1894 conference, which aimed to coalesce the left into a pressure group for

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introduced Bacalbașa as an active participant to "the discussion on art", and reported that the book "enjoyed an unusually great success" in a Romanian context.

738:; the "occult leader" Dobrogeanu-Gherea, already "an invalid", was rarely visiting the club, and was losing support among the rank and file. Two other figures, 1571:

The journalist settled down to a family life, marrying Alexandrina Scărișoreanu (who was ten years his younger). He also accepted an offer from Transylvania's

1804:, are described by Cioculescu as even better than those signed by Caragiale, since they hit closer to "the mark". Many of his other written contributions are 1784:

commented that Moș Teacă was the stuff of imagination, and propaganda "for the naive". Toni himself probably intended to make Teacă reach beyond the topic of

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During 1899, Bacalbașa followed Fleva's group as it merged into the Conservative Party. His presence alongside Maiorescu was recorded with displeasure by the

1888:("Stupid Ion"), which, although believed by the publisher to be Bacalbașa's work, may in fact be a forgotten contribution by Caragiale. At around that time, 319: 619: 370: 1909:

for a second series, wherein he continued to poke fun at the Symbolists and awarded a special prize to the stupidest literary work sent in for publishing.

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Toni was later inducted into the Marxist club formed by Constantin Mille at Sotir Hall, Bucharest, and lectured for the public on a weekly basis. Author

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Bacalbașa's efforts were again mainly dedicated to the promotion of didactic art. The main cultural battle was no longer carried between the PSDMR and

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articles which were evidently pro-socialist, and which are most likely Toni's contributions, were attributed to Caragiale by official authors such as

1623:. Toni still pursued his literary interests: together with "Constantin Ivan" (the common pseudonym of his two brothers), he wrote the 3-act political 1187:

Several sources note that Bacalbașa was a harsh reviewer of literary works, who made sure to point out the flaws of literary debutantes. In the end,

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and Alexandru Georgescu, represented the working class on the Sotir presidium, but they were both in the process of becoming prosperous businessmen.

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The boy had difficulties completing his education. He attended school only up to the 8th grade, and, upon turning 17, volunteered for service in the

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and his "generous ones" faction denounced socialist politics as too feeble for the Romanian context, and joined the PNL, leaving a minority, under

539:'s version of the "socialist catechism". As the years progressed, Anton himself joined in the effort: in 1887, he became the editorial director of 4519: 1854:. In a controversial article he wrote in 1890, Toni asserted that Eminescu was a unique genius, who did not fit in with any school of literature. 1290:("From the Military Life"). Also in 1894, Toni and Radovici made new visits to Ploiești, where they recruited members for the socialist movement. 1773:

as a grim spectacle: the physicians are either criminally incompetent or sadistic, driving recruits to the brink of suicide. The elite cavalry (

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magazine, and continued to write humorous pieces in the manner introduced by Caragiale and Toni (a subject-matter that Călinescu has named

466: 943:. Its title translates into "The Romanian Trifle" or "The Romanian Nonsense", referencing one's uppity answer to things presented as new: 2669: 381:. He created the stereotype of the cruel, violent and incompetent officer, and brought to public attention the hazing of young recruits. 4444: 4429: 4094: 3001: 1607:, as one of the reasons why Conservative politics had become ineffectual. A Conservative cabinet was called to power, with Fleva as the 1132: 683:

reported with sarcasm that Panu's promise to fight corruption "with the Bacalbașas" could only bring his party votes from "the naive".

4454: 4434: 4369: 4128: 1733:, who argues: "As a former army volunteer, the future journalist Bacalbașa did not need the French model proposed by Charles Leroy in 3390: 2430: 4484: 4449: 4276: 4252: 4077: 3856: 3559: 3263: 2459: 2190: 905:. The two authors had different backgrounds: to Bacalbașa's socialism, Caragiale opposed a conservatism formed during his stay with 1453:

went out of business on 13 February 1895, and Mille found himself expelled from the PSDMR after the Third Party Congress of April.

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According to one account, Caragiale himself visited Sotir, where he lectured about the causes and consequences of human stupidity.

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became a rather important voice for the socialist movement, receiving collaborations from Gherea, Demetrescu, Mille, I. Nădejde,

3416: 3164: 4459: 4354: 2625: 790: 350:). His choice of subjects and his perceived harshness were the subject of several controversies, and, in 1894, he defended the 4023: 3600: 1792:. In order to ridicule his colleagues in the media, Bacalbașa created an alternative character, the self-seeking newspaperman 643:. Maiorescu reassured Gherea that his followers had no intention of sabotaging the socialist clubs in this disputable manner. 1620: 1552:

policy. Soon, Toni embarked on an additional venture, creating a satirical magazine named after (and featuring stories with)

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cabinet was working on expelling Gherea from the country. Gherea himself was alarmed by this, and requested an audience with

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staff: Mille and Alexandru Ionescu were taken into custody and released a short while after, whereas Bacalbașa absconded.

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economy. Anton Bacalbașa had an essential contribution in this process. After 1881, he joined the Marxist group around

4524: 4474: 4359: 4349: 3421: 3268: 3141: 2727: 2464: 2346: 2195: 1581:("Fun"), but the venture failed to interest the public and was abandoned. On 22 March 1898, Bacalbașa began reissuing 1045: 800:, as envisaged by Gherea. The socialists were unnerved by Conservative theorists, who countered with the principle of 618:, picking up just 6 votes. By then, Dobrogeanu-Gherea and his pupils had caught negative attention from the governing 1247:

The dispute over such issues grew more heated as others joined in. According to Kirițescu, Toni's debate with Doctor

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daily, then as a public speaker, organizing rallies at Dacia Hall and agitating the public for the reinstatement of

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and greatly increased foreign investment in the Romanian economy. The PSDMR, committed to the Marxist theory on the

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Constantin Bacalbașa continued to take the initiative when it came to publicizing Gherea's cause. His 1883 magazine

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and upholding Gherea's political line. His articles touched a sensitive subject: the Law on Mining, passed by the

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headquarters. According to the hostile account of Ilie Ighel, this was the public's way of punishing Bacalbașa's

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office building from rioting anti-socialist students. Over the following years, Bacalbașa drifted away from both

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local socialist movement was taking its first steps. In 1879, Constantin established a leftist magazine, called

4071: 1533: 1256: 975: 3698: 1817: 1593:("Mill the Crocodile"). The co-author of such material was Ranetti-Namuna, who arrived there after a stint at 647: 4281: 4156: 3775: 2032: 1781: 1473: 1438:. On 25 September 1894, Bacalbașa presented his resignation from the PSDMR Council. He also reconciled with 1227: 974:, parodying stories about peasant life. A predilect victim was the nationalist scholar and Caragiale critic 878: 726: 470: 518:. Bacalbașa's literary ambitions were satisfied the same year. Some of his poems saw print in the magazine 4494: 4106: 1966: 1686: 1511: 1351: 841: 574:

seated in the foreground. Toni, in the white hat, is standing behind Morțun, holding him by the shoulder.

558: 543:(also translatable as "The Emancipation"), which advertised itself as a voice of the "working men party" ( 495: 296: 3995: 3762: 3730: 3673: 3641: 3593: 3568: 3399: 3369: 3010: 2854: 2678: 2634: 2410:"Lumea românească la 1900. Traseismul în politică la sfârșitul secolului al XIX-lea. Cazul Gheorghe Panu" 2258: 1957:

In addition to Kirițescu and Cosco's notes, Toni was the subject of a 1924 monograph by socialist critic

1730: 1589:("Civilian and Military Newspaper"). One of its preferred targets was Mille, referred to in the paper as 1328: 1117:, there was a swift transition from republicanism to socialism, effected when some of the old staff left 346:

daily into a socialist tribune, serving as its editor and directing its short-lived literary supplement (

1940:), applied to army men who are thought to display the same characteristics as Bacalbașa's anti-hero. In 1677: 1196: 1126: 893: 758: 719: 587: 4016: 1958: 1745: 1009:, the differences are mostly in style and orthographic preference: Caragiale still used the antiquated 817: 801: 445:, where he became a Sergeant. He preserved a bittersweet record of his army service, reflected in both 4177: 1402:

owner George A. Scorțescu, which left Stere in an awkward position. Stere was consequently accused by

4344: 4339: 4169: 2325: 1992: 1122: 1075: 1006: 699: 525: 442: 4148: 2662: 2539: 2076: 1646: 1507: 922: 857: 579: 292: 4301: 4134: 4032: 3955: 3834: 3609: 2994: 2618: 2098: 1929: 1913: 1777:) show particular restraint in public, but are merciless in dealing with their young subordinates. 1712: 1634: 1560:

and Toni's own satirical portrait of Caragiale as a political opportunist, gravitating between the

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Army men were generally irritated by Bacalbașa's comedy. Some ten years after the author's death,

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thus notes that, while Dobrogeanu-Gherea kept silent, his young pupils launched "a veritable anti-

735: 332: 4293: 1871: 1654: 1347: 1335:), but, a few months later, broke down into competing factions. On 24 January, Toni published in 1319: 1308: 833: 829: 730: 595: 520: 378: 327: 214: 3629: 3114: 1933: 970:

Caragiale's paper was in large part poking fun at the nationalist and traditionalist current in

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colleagues, including Maiorescu—whom it depicted as a libertine and a seducer of schoolgirls.

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of being a spy and a tool for the Conservatives. The incidents were reviewed with caution by

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The friendship between Bacalbașa and Mille had soured over those months, and Toni soon left

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are reclining in front of them. Also pictured, first from the left in the same row, is poet

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received contributions from, among others, Demetrescu, Constantin Stere (with the pen name

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campaign"; among those he lists in this category are Bacalbașa, Demetrescu, S. Nădejde and

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humorists"). Both Anton and Constantin Bacalbașa were also early pioneers of the Romanian

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closed down. Also in 1893, Constantin Mille took over leadership of the republican daily

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Following Toni's death, Alexandrina Bacalbașa remarried, to the Transylvanian literato

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socialists, Toni was openly courting the much larger PNL. In early 1894, he wrote an

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anti-government reaction among the general public. His publicity stunt, taken up by

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After 1893, Bacalbașa was at the center of Marxist politics, as an executive of the

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proved influential for the work of other Romanian writers, who were active in the

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Both Toni and Constantin were press delegates to the 1890 Congress of Students in

650:, a short-lived and eclectic liberal faction, whose founder and leader was the ex- 3718: 986:, including lampoons of Bacalbașa's former patron, Alexandru Macedonski. Lastly, 4307: 3750: 3661: 3228: 2960: 2875: 2368: 1996: 1650: 1565: 1324: 910: 825: 746: 711: 694:("The Weekly Echo"), alongside a gathering of journalists and social activists: 687: 654: 514: 403: 342: 1685:

and believed that poetry in particular should be apolitical. As early as 1894,

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socialists (represented by A. Ionescu), also protested when PNL Prime Minister

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than Mille's. Vlahuță was already outraged by Caragiale's unsigned parodies in

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This was to be his last known endeavor: on 1 October 1899, having contracted

1184:, announcing that, if stripped of a salary, Caragiale was (as good as) dead. 745:

Beginning in early 1892, Toni centered his activity on the industrial hub of

4114: 1805: 1762: 1754: 1524: 1484:, called on the duelers to fire their pistols from a distance of ten paces. 1413:

When Stere challenged Scorțescu to a duel, Bacalbașa covered the affair for

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Toni's socialist disciples prolonged the scandal, publishing an offshoot of

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did host the occasional socialist article, including an unsigned tribute to

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and the PSDMR, switching his allegiance to the political club formed around

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agenda, skeptical toward all cultural innovation. According to philologist

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The Formation of Labour Movements, 1870–1914: An International Perspective

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I. Felea, "Din vremea cînd socialismul făcea primii pași la 'Sotir' ", in

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political journalist, humorist and politician, chiefly remembered for his

4264: 4164: 2249: 1995:, alongside selected pieces by other hand-picked republicans-socialists ( 1704: 1700: 1181: 1164: 964: 809: 786: 785:; Toni, who made a lasting impression among the readers, represented the 435: 4319: 4185: 1765:) on their back, or to hold aim while staring directly into the sun. In 1270:, entirely dedicated to satirizing the anti-PSDMR coalition, and titled 1222:, but between the socialist and non-socialist advocates of didacticism. 657:. Constantin was afterward the publisher of Panu's political newspaper, 377:, most of which reflect his critique of the political mainstream in the 1980: 1881: 1832: 1827: 1549: 1283: 1168: 624: 308: 278: 192: 172: 146: 1693:

editor had been straying away from Dobrogeanu-Gherea's didactic path.

1657:, to establish a more radical workers' party (embryo of the post-1910 3465: 3357: 1577:

magazine (co-edited by Caragiale) to set up its satirical supplement

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typographers. The Police intervened in the squabble, and placed the

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but, since the recruits refused to report him, was merely demoted.

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During that year, Toni was still active in the party, writing for

419: 197: 1987:

After 1948, Bacalbașa's republicanism made him a favorite of the

1106:: Constantin was one of the main editors; Ioan was famous as the 4080:& Ovidiu Șincai Social Democratic Institute, Bucharest, 2003 1382:

building under armed guard. Arrest warrants were issued for the

757:"). The weekly paper was financed by a lawyer and entrepreneur, 714:, Berman Goldner-Giordano etc. Also joining them were draftsmen 4535:

People from the United Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia

4207: 3925: 3429: 3276: 3177: 3149: 3055: 2932: 2735: 2472: 2441: 2354: 2203: 365:

At the time of his death, aged 34, Bacalbașa had served in the

307:

militant. For a while, his career was intertwined with that of

2920:"George Ranetti despre debutul său literar"; "Note biografice" 1676:

reading about himself in the eponymous magazine—caricature by

663:. Panu and his men tried to negotiate an alliance against the 646:

Around that time, Toni and his brothers became members of the

535:("The Emancipation") made history for circulating portions of 1354:, caricatured as the "avaricious" emperor and the repulsive 1215:, and who referred to Bacalbașa as "my literary godfather". 1991:. In the 1950s, his anti-monarchic work was central to the 1936:. The name itself was virtually turned into a common noun ( 1973:

wrote his deceased friend into the autobiographical novel

1311:. It reached out to the Radicals and liberal democrats at 1020:, while Toni had updated his writing to the latest norms. 982:". Also featured were Caragiale's first jibes against the 4097: 4093:, Nr. 115-120 (1894), pp. 589–596 (digitized by the 1207:. Also featured, on his debut, was the aspiring humorist 671:. Their program included a promise that the outgoing PNL 4139:

Istoria literaturii române de la origini pînă în prezent

2019:. This was a counter-factual effort of transforming the 461:

After leaving the Land Forces, he moved to the capital,

1282:("Beatings in the Army"). The third was a selection of 955:

was a national characteristic, what "spleen" is to the

4257:

Ion Iacoș, "Primul Congres Socialist din România", in

4239:, "Rumania", in Marcel van der Linden, Jürgen Rojahn, 2715: 2713: 508:, was the first ever introduction to, and summary of, 330:, his close friend, in editing the satirical magazine 2366:"Alegerile generale pentru Cameră. Colegiul III", in 1912:

The Bacalbașa genre had other significant effects on

1536:. All three Bacalbașas, together with Fleva and the 1023:

In parallel, Toni completed the first collection of

277:

etc.; 21 February 1865 – 1 October 1899) was a

4500:

Conservative Party (Romania, 1880–1918) politicians

3533:Anton Bacalbașa, "Captain Scabbard (excerpts)", in 3255: 3253: 1506:s editorial staff in 1897, after Toni's departure. 1499:(first seated, from left) and the other members of 206: 160: 152: 142: 119: 84: 72: 53: 34: 3780:Ce este cu Era nouă în oștire. Studiu retrospectiv 2452: 2450: 4203:, Nr. 8/1930, pp. 114–115 (digitized by the 4021:"Modelele prezumtive în romanul lui C. Stere" (I) 3851:, Editura Biblioteca Bucureștilor, 2004, p.224. 3782:, Albert Baer, Bucharest, 1909, pp.59–62, 101–102 3313: 3311: 4415:19th-century Romanian dramatists and playwrights 4271:, Vol. I-II, Editura Minerva, Bucharest, 1998. 1796:(said to have been based on a real-life model). 1522:. He served the "Flevist" cause as a writer for 1027:stories, printed in Bucharest with the subtitle 2912: 2910: 2908: 1729:. This interpretation is nuanced by researcher 1195:, "A Hypochondriac Observer"), H. Sanielevici, 426:. Costache had a military career in autonomous 4314:, Vol. II, Editura Minerva, Bucharest, 1971. 4195:"Ctitorii. Anton Bacalbașa"; "Note biografice" 4050:"Literatura română în școala anilor cincizeci" 4218:"C. Stere și 'Afacerea de onoare' de la 1894" 3849:Titu Maiorescu în fața instanței documentelor 3529: 3527: 3088:Vasile Niculae, "Liga votului universal", in 2655: 2653: 2398: 2396: 2242: 2240: 2238: 1835:genre, which the former helped popularize at 1449:("Guarding the Marketplace", December 1894). 8: 4505:Members of the Chamber of Deputies (Romania) 4111:Bucureștii de altădată. Vol. II: 1885 — 1901 3545: 3543: 3272:, Nr. 51/1894, pp.601–603 (digitized by the 3215: 3213: 3125: 3123: 2999:"Cum se împacă literații cu muzicienii (II)" 2731:, Nr. 50/1894, pp.598–599 (digitized by the 2667:"Procesul stalinist al 'tovarășului Camil' " 2493:Felea, p.7. See also Sanielevici, pp.219–220 2182: 2180: 2178: 1434:, and for vetoing funds for the PSDMR sheet 1129:, the newspaper's owner, was "weak-willed". 804:. Initially, this was a direct dispute with 27:Romanian writer and politician (1880 - 1899) 3630:"Pentru urechile și sufletele personajelor" 3240: 3238: 3075: 3073: 2943: 2941: 2798: 2796: 2794: 2792: 2523: 2521: 2519: 2517: 1476:, supported the law as a step forward into 796:Around that date, Anton Bacalbașa endorsed 524:, which was put out in Bucharest by writer 398:, where his father Costache was serving as 2866: 2864: 2090: 2088: 2086: 2060: 2058: 2056: 1884:was put out in 1900, featuring the sketch 602:are among those standing in the bottom row 31: 4405:19th-century Romanian short story writers 2703: 2701: 2699: 2697: 679:, would be made to face trial. The PNL's 320:Romanian Social Democratic Workers' Party 4410:Romanian male dramatists and playwrights 3960:Lumea ca ziar. A patra putere: Caragiale 3517: 3515: 2898: 2896: 2894: 2829: 2827: 2825: 2823: 2821: 2819: 2817: 2146: 2144: 2142: 2140: 2138: 1866:Anton Bacalbașa on a 1965 Romanian stamp 1861: 1757:with a verbal inspection of the cattle. 1737:; he was directly familiarized with the 1668: 1491: 1131: 877: 557: 402:chief. The family traced its origins to 4510:Republicanism in the Kingdom of Romania 4087:"Le parti social-démocrate de Roumanie" 4073:110 ani de social-democrație în România 3823:"Cu toată seriozitatea despre epigramă" 3145:, Nr. 21/1894, p.251 (digitized by the 3051:, Nr. 36/1929, p.563 (digitized by the 3022: 3020: 2928:, Nr. 21/1928, p.335 (digitized by the 2773: 2771: 2468:, Nr. 22/1891, p.262 (digitized by the 2350:, Nr. 45/1887, p.539 (digitized by the 2199:, Nr. 25/1894, p.296 (digitized by the 2136: 2134: 2132: 2130: 2128: 2126: 2124: 2122: 2120: 2118: 2043: 1259:, who, still grieving for his daughter 1110:(and infamous for never using commas). 418:") when one of them became leader of a 4284:, "Trapanaua prietenului Pițurcă", in 3488:C. Bacalbașa, p.257; Călinescu, p.1006 3224:"Părintele ziaristicii române moderne" 2437:, Nr. 79/1912, p.10 (digitized by the 2228: 2226: 1278:). Another one was a social pamphlet, 1171:. Toni was later assigned to lead the 1031:("From the Boot Camp"). Addressing an 606:Anton Bacalbașa ran for a seat in the 465:, where he began associating with the 3921:, Nr. 12/1900, p.1 (digitized by the 3463:Vasile Goldiș West University of Arad 3425:, Nr. 6/1895, p.70 (digitized by the 3388:"I.L. Caragiale orator și om politic" 3173:, Nr. 21/1894, p.6 (digitized by the 2973:Călinescu, p.564; Durnea (2009), p.42 2216: 2214: 2212: 1236:, whose pro-didactic agenda was more 1153:Proletarians of all countries, unite! 1142:, 1895. The female figure represents 1113:As noted by journalist Ilie Ighel in 749:, where he became managing editor of 240: 7: 3557:"Personajele. Porecle și diminutive" 2023:writer into a champion of the left. 1637:, Bacalbașa died, and was buried at 1323:newspapers, and then to independent 1226:directed its passion against author 947:(in the same sense of "bollocks!"). 4247:, Leiden, 1990, pp. 369–392. 3459:și tribunismul în context european" 2850:"Caragiale în tradiția interviului" 1944:, the writer's name was given to a 1548:refugees for having questioned his 4129:Nicolae Iorga Institute of History 3996:"Înapoi la bucătăria tradițională" 3867:Bezviconi, p.154; Călinescu, p.564 3694:"La cremenal! Avocați și osîndiți" 2588:Cioculescu, pp.41–46; Vianu, p.185 913:notes that, in a cheerful manner, 808:and Maiorescu. Cultural historian 242:[anˈtonkosˈtakebakalˈbaʃa] 25: 4400:Romanian male short story writers 3581:Călinescu, p.564; Kirițescu, p.47 3479:C. Bacalbașa, p.270; Cosco, p.115 3335:Cosco, p.115; Durnea (2009), p.42 2623:"Mai avem azi un Maiorescu? (II)" 1703:", but also rendered as "Captain 1136:PSDMR propaganda in the magazine 562:An 1892 gathering at Sotir, with 48:Photograph of Bacalbașa, ca. 1890 4530:Deaths from pneumonia in Romania 4375:19th-century Romanian memoirists 4095:Bibliothèque nationale de France 4036:, January 2002; Călinescu, p.761 3509:, pp.12–15; Hitchins, pp.380–381 3043:"Amintiri despre Haralamb Lecca" 2431:"Amintiri despre artistul Liciu" 2286:, pp.11–12; Hitchins, pp.376–377 1468:, which did away with the PNL's 1350:and at his designated successor 42: 4470:Romanian human rights activists 4298:Probleme sociale și psihologice 3751:"Cai, călăreți și atelaje hipo" 3662:"Agresiuni, încăierări și arme" 1761:with a "bitch" (the regimental 1488:Conservative politics and death 791:dictatorship of the proletariat 704:Gheorghe "din Moldova" Kernbach 4520:Romanian Land Forces personnel 2050:Călinescu, p.564; Cosco, p.114 1961:, and of a 1938 memoir by his 1343:-like lampoon directed at the 1298:Together with Mille and other 299:, he entered public life as a 1: 4208:Transsylvanica Online Library 4048:Andrei Grigor, Simona Marin, 3926:Transsylvanica Online Library 3719:"Personaje, boale și doftori" 3430:Transsylvanica Online Library 3277:Transsylvanica Online Library 3178:Transsylvanica Online Library 3150:Transsylvanica Online Library 3056:Transsylvanica Online Library 2933:Transsylvanica Online Library 2736:Transsylvanica Online Library 2606:Cioculescu, pp.63–64, 134–135 2473:Transsylvanica Online Library 2442:Transsylvanica Online Library 2355:Transsylvanica Online Library 2204:Transsylvanica Online Library 2099:"Enigmaticul I. Saint Pierre" 1905:1901. Caragiale also revived 1211:, who received the signature 1159:Toni was a noisy presence at 734:had fallen on a new arrival, 566:(holding his two daughters), 504:magazine. His 1883 brochure, 291:. Together with his brothers 4490:Romanian Marxist journalists 4290:, Nr. 4/1928, pp. 43–58 4261:, April 1973, pp. 54–59 4224:, Nr. 2/2009, pp. 30–46 3467:Studii de Știință și Cultură 3302:Adevărul Literar și Artistic 2786:Felea, p.7; Iacoș, pp.54, 59 2552:Ornea (1998, II), pp.357–358 2390:Ornea (1998, II), pp.315–316 2274:, p.11; Hitchins, pp.374–376 1753:, orders them to combat the 1368:proletarian internationalism 925:, the magazine was mainly a 572:Constantin Dobrogeanu-Gherea 313:Constantin Dobrogeanu-Gherea 4440:Romanian newspaper founders 4395:19th-century Romanian poets 3417:"Salon. Literatură și arte" 3412:Călinescu, p.564. See also 3317:Ornea (1998, I), pp.329–330 3189:Durnea (2009), pp.33, 42–44 2723:"Salon. Literatură și arte" 2460:"Salon. Literatură și arte" 1611:, and Bacalbașa ran in the 1514:stand directly behind Mille 614:, 3rd College), during the 551:Democratic Radical, Sotir, 406:, changing their name from 369:as a representative of the 4551: 4445:Romanian newspaper editors 4430:Romanian magazine founders 4233:, March 1968, pp. 4–8 4153:Caragiale față cu kitschul 3966:, Bucharest, 2011, p.47. 2011:). However, the anonymous 394:Bacalbașa was a native of 4455:Romanian male journalists 4435:Romanian magazine editors 4370:Romanian literary critics 3915:"Din Romania. Dela Senat" 3117:; retrieved 12 March 2012 3112:Marxists Internet Archive 3110:, accessible through the 2159:Călinescu, p.564; Cosco, 1969:. In the 1930s, the aged 1442:, where he published his 1333:Constantin Dobrescu-Argeș 414:(literally, "head of the 41: 4485:Romanian revolutionaries 4450:19th-century journalists 4026:11 November 2010 at the 3756:26 February 2013 at the 3635:10 December 2010 at the 3344:C. Bacalbașa, pp.196–197 3133:"Ce e nou? Studenții și 3115:Romanian Literature page 2570:Cazimir, pp.20–21, 28–31 2484:Cosco, p.114; Felea, p.7 2112:, Nr. 312, February 2011 2005:Dumitru Theodor Neculuță 1613:general election of 1899 1257:Bogdan Petriceicu Hasdeu 976:Bogdan Petriceicu Hasdeu 963:, and "Nihilism" to the 648:Democratic Radical Party 616:election of October 1888 234:Anton Costache Bacalbașa 4425:Romanian epigrammatists 4390:Romanian-language poets 4365:Romanian male essayists 4205:Babeș-Bolyai University 4123:Gheorghe G. Bezviconi, 4078:Social Democratic Party 3923:Babeș-Bolyai University 3427:Babeș-Bolyai University 3274:Babeș-Bolyai University 3198:Durnea (2009), pp.36–37 3175:Babeș-Bolyai University 3147:Babeș-Bolyai University 3094:, August 1973, pp.72–73 3053:Babeș-Bolyai University 3004:2 February 2014 at the 2930:Babeș-Bolyai University 2733:Babeș-Bolyai University 2470:Babeș-Bolyai University 2439:Babeș-Bolyai University 2381:Ornea (1998, II), p.315 2352:Babeș-Bolyai University 2254:"Capitala de odinioară" 2201:Babeș-Bolyai University 2104:30 October 2018 at the 2033:List of peace activists 1916:, and in particular on 1659:Social Democratic Party 1474:relations of production 1193:Un observator ipohondru 1043:, the cultural journal 951:editorials had it that 238:Romanian pronunciation: 4355:19th-century essayists 3982:Călinescu, pp.782, 929 3913:, Nr. 2/1900, pp.2–3; 3809:Călinescu, pp.564, 565 3776:Constantin I. Brătianu 3441:Călinescu, pp.564, 728 2873:Florentina Tone, , in 2372:, 16 October 1888, p.1 2191:"Salon. Din Bucureșci" 1967:Izabela Sadoveanu-Evan 1867: 1687:Avram Steuerman-Rodion 1681: 1515: 1156: 959:, "chauvinism" to the 896: 842:Avram Steuerman-Rodion 779:evolutionary socialist 665:National Liberal Party 603: 4269:Junimea și junimismul 3876:Bezviconi, pp.58, 154 3791:Călinescu, pp.564–565 3455:"Ioan Slavici – 3356:Cornelia Ștefănescu, 3326:Călinescu, pp.493–494 3297:, prin filele vremii" 1975:În preajma revoluției 1892:also tried to revive 1865: 1818:épater la bourgeoisie 1672: 1587:Jurnal Țivil și Cazon 1495: 1135: 909:. Literary historian 881: 561: 545:partidul lucrătorilor 4282:Constantin Kirițescu 4180:, Bucharest, 1974. 4159:, Bucharest, 1988. 4107:Constantin Bacalbașa 3885:Cioculescu, pp.43–46 3828:7 March 2009 at the 3800:Cioculescu, pp.63–64 3724:7 April 2014 at the 3667:7 April 2014 at the 3603:7 April 2014 at the 3562:7 April 2014 at the 3393:7 April 2014 at the 3363:7 April 2014 at the 3067:"Le parti...", p.589 2756:"Le parti...", p.596 2672:7 April 2014 at the 2628:7 April 2014 at the 2597:Cioculescu, pp.64–65 2342:"Literatură și arte" 1621:Assembly of Deputies 1609:Agriculture Minister 1534:Metropolitan-Primate 1512:Constantin Bacalbașa 1123:scientific socialism 1076:Second International 980:Magnum Mophtologicum 727:Constantin Kirițescu 608:Assembly of Deputies 526:Alexandru Macedonski 443:Romanian Land Forces 367:Assembly of Deputies 245:, commonly known as 4460:Adevărul columnists 4420:Romanian columnists 4385:Romanian male poets 4380:Romanian memoirists 4125:Necropola Capitalei 4091:La Revue Socialiste 4033:Convorbiri Literare 3946:Cazimir, pp.101–102 3907:"Depravație morală" 3835:Convorbiri Literare 3610:Convorbiri Literare 3594:Constantin Ciopraga 3207:Durnea (2009), p.44 3108:Urechilă Moștenitor 3079:Durnea (2009), p.32 2888:C. Bacalbașa, p.160 2802:Durnea (2009), p.42 2502:Kirițescu, pp.48–49 1993:Romanian curriculum 1914:Romanian literature 1825:("the technique of 1735:Le Colonel Ramollot 1731:Constantin Ciopraga 1711:, in particular by 1635:bacterial pneumonia 1329:Vasile Kogălniceanu 1039:and other parts of 972:Romanian literature 937:, prevalent in the 886:", as portrayed by 375:Romanian literature 4525:Romanian duellists 4515:People from Brăila 4475:Romanian pacifists 4360:Romanian essayists 4350:Romanian humorists 4294:Henric Sanielevici 4056:, Nr. 1/2011, p.31 3847:C. Popescu-Cadem, 3470:, Nr. 4/2008, p.80 3382:Cioculescu, p.23; 3232:, 21 December 2008 2964:, 30 December 2008 2952:"Scriitorii de la 2879:, 31 December 2008 2533:Democrația Socială 2172:Sanielevici, p.220 2080:, 11 February 2012 2070:Democrația Socială 1868: 1682: 1678:Constantin Jiquidi 1655:Christian Rakovsky 1516: 1394:, Stere supported 1348:Carol I of Romania 1309:universal suffrage 1288:Din viața militară 1197:Simion Sanielevici 1157: 1127:Alexandru Beldiman 1096:Democrația Socială 984:Symbolist movement 897: 894:Constantin Jiquidi 846:Democrația Socială 834:Henric Sanielevici 830:Raicu Ionescu-Rion 818:Garabet Ibrăileanu 802:art for art's sake 789:, prophesying the 763:Democrația Socială 759:Alexandru Radovici 751:Democrația Socială 731:Ferdinand Lassalle 720:Constantin Jiquidi 638:Education Minister 620:Conservative Party 604: 596:Henric Sanielevici 588:Simion Sanielevici 553:Democrația Socială 478:("Human Rights"). 371:Conservative Party 328:Ion Luca Caragiale 129:opinion journalist 36:Anton C. Bacalbașa 4480:Romanian Marxists 4304:, Bucharest, 1920 4200:Universul Literar 4170:Șerban Cioculescu 4157:Cartea Românească 4145:, Bucharest, 1986 4131:, Bucharest, 1972 4120:, Bucharest, 1928 4115:Editura Ziarului 4017:Alexandru Burlacu 4004:, 21 January 2009 3972:978-973-50-2954-8 3937:Călinescu, p.1019 3919:Tribuna Poporului 3911:Tribuna Poporului 3386:Ion N. Nastasia, 3358:"Substanța umană" 3264:"La garda pieții" 3262:Anton Bacalbașa, 3222:Florentina Tone, 3170:Universul Literar 3106:Anton Bacalbașa, 3048:Universul Literar 2950:Florentina Tone, 2925:Universul Literar 2707:Călinescu, p.1006 2561:Vianu, pp.183–184 2543:, 4 February 2012 2530:Paul D. Popescu, 2329:, 7 December 2007 2319:Mircea Dumitriu, 2163:; Kirițescu, p.46 2067:Paul D. Popescu, 2001:Traian Demetrescu 1790:Senate of Romania 1771:military medicine 1709:French literature 1530:Ghenadie Petrescu 1358:("Floppy Ears"). 1228:Alexandru Vlahuță 1007:Șerban Cioculescu 854:Guy de Maupassant 740:Alexandru Ionescu 696:Traian Demetrescu 681:George D. Pallade 576:Alexandru Ionescu 476:Drepturile Omului 231: 230: 207:Literary movement 16:(Redirected from 4542: 4465:Adevărul editors 4312:Scriitori români 4287:Viața Românească 4245:Brill Publishers 4215: 4192: 4178:Editura Eminescu 4135:George Călinescu 4085: 4070: 4057: 4047: 4043: 4037: 4015: 4011: 4005: 4001:Ziarul Financiar 3993: 3989: 3983: 3980: 3974: 3956:Ioana Pârvulescu 3953: 3947: 3944: 3938: 3935: 3929: 3905: 3901: 3895: 3894:Călinescu, p.728 3892: 3886: 3883: 3877: 3874: 3868: 3865: 3859: 3845: 3839: 3820: 3816: 3810: 3807: 3801: 3798: 3792: 3789: 3783: 3773: 3767: 3763:România Literară 3745: 3741: 3735: 3731:România Literară 3713: 3709: 3703: 3702:, Nr. 23-24/2008 3688: 3684: 3678: 3674:România Literară 3656: 3652: 3646: 3642:România Literară 3624: 3620: 3614: 3592: 3588: 3582: 3579: 3573: 3569:România Literară 3551: 3547: 3538: 3531: 3522: 3521:Călinescu, p.565 3519: 3510: 3504: 3498: 3495: 3489: 3486: 3480: 3477: 3471: 3452: 3448: 3442: 3439: 3433: 3415: 3410: 3404: 3400:România Literară 3385: 3380: 3374: 3370:România Literară 3355: 3351: 3345: 3342: 3336: 3333: 3327: 3324: 3318: 3315: 3306: 3290: 3286: 3280: 3261: 3257: 3248: 3242: 3233: 3221: 3217: 3208: 3205: 3199: 3196: 3190: 3187: 3181: 3163: 3159: 3153: 3131: 3127: 3118: 3105: 3101: 3095: 3086: 3080: 3077: 3068: 3065: 3059: 3037: 3033: 3027: 3024: 3015: 3011:România Literară 2995:Ioana Pârvulescu 2993: 2989: 2983: 2980: 2974: 2971: 2965: 2949: 2945: 2936: 2918: 2914: 2903: 2900: 2889: 2886: 2880: 2872: 2868: 2859: 2855:România Literară 2844: 2840: 2834: 2831: 2812: 2809: 2803: 2800: 2787: 2784: 2778: 2775: 2766: 2763: 2757: 2754: 2748: 2745: 2739: 2721: 2717: 2708: 2705: 2692: 2691:Cioculescu, p.43 2689: 2683: 2679:România Literară 2661: 2657: 2648: 2645: 2639: 2635:România Literară 2619:Ioana Pârvulescu 2617: 2613: 2607: 2604: 2598: 2595: 2589: 2586: 2580: 2577: 2571: 2568: 2562: 2559: 2553: 2550: 2544: 2529: 2525: 2512: 2509: 2503: 2500: 2494: 2491: 2485: 2482: 2476: 2458: 2454: 2445: 2429: 2425: 2419: 2418:, 8 October 2009 2415:Ziarul Financiar 2404: 2400: 2391: 2388: 2382: 2379: 2373: 2364: 2358: 2340: 2336: 2330: 2318: 2314: 2308: 2305: 2299: 2293: 2287: 2281: 2275: 2269: 2263: 2259:România Literară 2248: 2244: 2233: 2230: 2221: 2218: 2207: 2188: 2184: 2173: 2170: 2164: 2157: 2151: 2150:Călinescu, p.564 2148: 2113: 2096: 2092: 2081: 2066: 2062: 2051: 2048: 1989:communist regime 1971:Constantin Stere 1942:Romanian cuisine 1930:Gheorghe Brăescu 1849: 1811:, or samples of 1782:General Brătianu 1741:of yesteryear." 1726:Joseph Prudhomme 1691:Adevărul Literar 1585:, introduced as 1542:Dimitrie Sturdza 1505: 1497:Constantin Mille 1451:Adevărul Literar 1280:Bătaia în armată 1276:Artă pentru artă 1272:Putregaiul Român 1230:and his journal 1224:Adevărul Literar 1189:Adevărul Literar 1178:Adevărul Literar 1173:Adevărul Literar 1144:social democracy 1108:gossip columnist 1055:Adevărul Literar 1011:Romanian letters 838:Constantin Stere 783:liberal democrat 755:Social Democracy 692:Ecoul Sĕptĕmânii 669:two-party system 592:Henric Streitman 564:Constantin Mille 432:George Călinescu 348:Adevărul Literar 338:Constantin Mille 283:antimilitaristic 244: 239: 79: 64:21 February 1865 63: 61: 46: 32: 21: 4550: 4549: 4545: 4544: 4543: 4541: 4540: 4539: 4330: 4329: 4328: 4259:Magazin Istoric 4230:Magazin Istoric 4216:Victor Durnea, 4213: 4190: 4143:Editura Minerva 4101:digital library 4083: 4068: 4065: 4060: 4045: 4044: 4040: 4028:Wayback Machine 4013: 4012: 4008: 3991: 3990: 3986: 3981: 3977: 3954: 3950: 3945: 3941: 3936: 3932: 3903: 3902: 3898: 3893: 3889: 3884: 3880: 3875: 3871: 3866: 3862: 3846: 3842: 3830:Wayback Machine 3821:Liviu Grăsoiu, 3818: 3817: 3813: 3808: 3804: 3799: 3795: 3790: 3786: 3774: 3770: 3758:Wayback Machine 3743: 3742: 3738: 3726:Wayback Machine 3711: 3710: 3706: 3686: 3685: 3681: 3669:Wayback Machine 3654: 3653: 3649: 3637:Wayback Machine 3622: 3621: 3617: 3613:, November 2002 3605:Wayback Machine 3598:"Proze recente" 3590: 3589: 3585: 3580: 3576: 3564:Wayback Machine 3549: 3548: 3541: 3535:Plural Magazine 3532: 3525: 3520: 3513: 3505: 3501: 3497:Bezviconi, p.58 3496: 3492: 3487: 3483: 3478: 3474: 3450: 3449: 3445: 3440: 3436: 3413: 3411: 3407: 3395:Wayback Machine 3383: 3381: 3377: 3365:Wayback Machine 3353: 3352: 3348: 3343: 3339: 3334: 3330: 3325: 3321: 3316: 3309: 3305:, 19 April 2011 3291:Simona Chițan, 3288: 3287: 3283: 3259: 3258: 3251: 3243: 3236: 3219: 3218: 3211: 3206: 3202: 3197: 3193: 3188: 3184: 3161: 3160: 3156: 3129: 3128: 3121: 3103: 3102: 3098: 3091:Magazin Istoric 3087: 3083: 3078: 3071: 3066: 3062: 3035: 3034: 3030: 3026:Kirițescu, p.46 3025: 3018: 3006:Wayback Machine 2991: 2990: 2986: 2981: 2977: 2972: 2968: 2947: 2946: 2939: 2916: 2915: 2906: 2901: 2892: 2887: 2883: 2870: 2869: 2862: 2842: 2841: 2837: 2832: 2815: 2811:Iacoș, pp.58–59 2810: 2806: 2801: 2790: 2785: 2781: 2776: 2769: 2764: 2760: 2755: 2751: 2747:Hitchins, p.378 2746: 2742: 2719: 2718: 2711: 2706: 2695: 2690: 2686: 2674:Wayback Machine 2659: 2658: 2651: 2646: 2642: 2630:Wayback Machine 2615: 2614: 2610: 2605: 2601: 2596: 2592: 2587: 2583: 2578: 2574: 2569: 2565: 2560: 2556: 2551: 2547: 2527: 2526: 2515: 2511:Kirițescu, p.48 2510: 2506: 2501: 2497: 2492: 2488: 2483: 2479: 2456: 2455: 2448: 2427: 2426: 2422: 2402: 2401: 2394: 2389: 2385: 2380: 2376: 2365: 2361: 2338: 2337: 2333: 2316: 2315: 2311: 2307:Hitchins, p.376 2306: 2302: 2294: 2290: 2282: 2278: 2270: 2266: 2246: 2245: 2236: 2232:Kirițescu, p.47 2231: 2224: 2219: 2210: 2186: 2185: 2176: 2171: 2167: 2158: 2154: 2149: 2116: 2106:Wayback Machine 2097:Victor Durnea, 2094: 2093: 2084: 2064: 2063: 2054: 2049: 2045: 2041: 2029: 1959:Barbu Lăzăreanu 1934:Neagu Rădulescu 1926:interwar period 1860: 1847: 1767:La garda pieții 1746:Dâmbovița River 1739:Prussian spirit 1689:noted that the 1680:, February 1896 1667: 1591:Millu Crocodilu 1503: 1490: 1464:Prime Minister 1447:La garda pieții 1296: 1253:I. Saint Pierre 1080:Zurich Congress 1059: 1041:Austria-Hungary 1033:ethnic Romanian 917:reflected that 876: 822:Dimitrie Anghel 781:, Radovici the 775:George Diamandy 716:Nicolae Vermont 700:Saniel Grossman 600:Ion Păun-Pincio 556: 392: 387: 379:monarchical era 237: 227: 202: 138: 115: 77: 65: 59: 57: 49: 37: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 4548: 4546: 4538: 4537: 4532: 4527: 4522: 4517: 4512: 4507: 4502: 4497: 4492: 4487: 4482: 4477: 4472: 4467: 4462: 4457: 4452: 4447: 4442: 4437: 4432: 4427: 4422: 4417: 4412: 4407: 4402: 4397: 4392: 4387: 4382: 4377: 4372: 4367: 4362: 4357: 4352: 4347: 4342: 4332: 4331: 4327: 4326:External links 4324: 4323: 4322: 4305: 4291: 4279: 4262: 4255: 4237:Keith Hitchins 4234: 4225: 4211: 4188: 4167: 4149:Ștefan Cazimir 4146: 4132: 4121: 4104: 4081: 4064: 4061: 4059: 4058: 4038: 4006: 3984: 3975: 3948: 3939: 3930: 3896: 3887: 3878: 3869: 3860: 3840: 3811: 3802: 3793: 3784: 3768: 3736: 3704: 3679: 3647: 3615: 3583: 3574: 3539: 3523: 3511: 3499: 3490: 3481: 3472: 3453:Stelean Boia, 3443: 3434: 3405: 3375: 3346: 3337: 3328: 3319: 3307: 3293:"Ieri și azi: 3281: 3249: 3234: 3209: 3200: 3191: 3182: 3154: 3119: 3096: 3081: 3069: 3060: 3028: 3016: 2984: 2975: 2966: 2937: 2904: 2890: 2881: 2860: 2835: 2813: 2804: 2788: 2779: 2767: 2765:Felea, pp.6, 8 2758: 2749: 2740: 2709: 2693: 2684: 2663:Al. Săndulescu 2649: 2640: 2608: 2599: 2590: 2581: 2572: 2563: 2554: 2545: 2540:Ziarul Prahova 2513: 2504: 2495: 2486: 2477: 2446: 2435:Românul (Arad) 2420: 2392: 2383: 2374: 2359: 2331: 2326:România Liberă 2309: 2300: 2288: 2276: 2264: 2234: 2222: 2208: 2174: 2165: 2152: 2114: 2082: 2077:Ziarul Prahova 2052: 2042: 2040: 2037: 2036: 2035: 2028: 2025: 2017:Camil Petrescu 2009:Alexandru Toma 1918:comedy-writing 1890:George Ranetti 1859: 1856: 1852:Mihai Eminescu 1809:one-line jokes 1786:antimilitarism 1666: 1663: 1647:C. Z. Buzdugan 1639:Bellu cemetery 1558:Gala Galaction 1489: 1486: 1295: 1292: 1209:George Ranetti 1058: 1051: 1035:readership in 923:Ștefan Cazimir 884:Symbolist poet 875: 870: 858:Mircea Rosetti 708:Dumitru Teleor 673:Prime Minister 641:Titu Maiorescu 580:C. Z. Buzdugan 555: 549: 391: 388: 386: 383: 326:, Toni joined 324:Romanian humor 251:Tony Bacalbașa 229: 228: 226: 225: 218: 210: 208: 204: 203: 201: 200: 195: 190: 185: 180: 175: 170: 164: 162: 158: 157: 154: 150: 149: 144: 140: 139: 137: 136: 133: 130: 127: 123: 121: 117: 116: 114: 113: 110: 107: 104: 101: 98: 95: 94:Tony Bacalbașa 92: 91:Toni Bacalbașa 88: 86: 82: 81: 80:(aged 34) 76:1 October 1899 74: 70: 69: 55: 51: 50: 47: 39: 38: 35: 26: 24: 18:Tony Bacalbașa 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4547: 4536: 4533: 4531: 4528: 4526: 4523: 4521: 4518: 4516: 4513: 4511: 4508: 4506: 4503: 4501: 4498: 4496: 4495:Marxist poets 4493: 4491: 4488: 4486: 4483: 4481: 4478: 4476: 4473: 4471: 4468: 4466: 4463: 4461: 4458: 4456: 4453: 4451: 4448: 4446: 4443: 4441: 4438: 4436: 4433: 4431: 4428: 4426: 4423: 4421: 4418: 4416: 4413: 4411: 4408: 4406: 4403: 4401: 4398: 4396: 4393: 4391: 4388: 4386: 4383: 4381: 4378: 4376: 4373: 4371: 4368: 4366: 4363: 4361: 4358: 4356: 4353: 4351: 4348: 4346: 4343: 4341: 4338: 4337: 4335: 4325: 4321: 4317: 4313: 4309: 4306: 4303: 4302:Editura Socec 4299: 4295: 4292: 4289: 4288: 4283: 4280: 4278: 4277:973-21-0562-3 4274: 4270: 4266: 4263: 4260: 4256: 4254: 4253:90-04-09276-5 4250: 4246: 4242: 4238: 4235: 4232: 4231: 4226: 4223: 4219: 4214:(in Romanian) 4212: 4209: 4206: 4202: 4201: 4196: 4191:(in Romanian) 4189: 4187: 4183: 4179: 4175: 4171: 4168: 4166: 4162: 4158: 4154: 4150: 4147: 4144: 4140: 4136: 4133: 4130: 4126: 4122: 4119: 4118: 4112: 4108: 4105: 4102: 4100: 4096: 4092: 4088: 4082: 4079: 4075: 4074: 4069:(in Romanian) 4067: 4066: 4062: 4055: 4051: 4046:(in Romanian) 4042: 4039: 4035: 4034: 4029: 4025: 4022: 4018: 4014:(in Romanian) 4010: 4007: 4003: 4002: 3997: 3992:(in Romanian) 3988: 3985: 3979: 3976: 3973: 3969: 3965: 3961: 3957: 3952: 3949: 3943: 3940: 3934: 3931: 3927: 3924: 3920: 3916: 3912: 3908: 3904:(in Romanian) 3900: 3897: 3891: 3888: 3882: 3879: 3873: 3870: 3864: 3861: 3858: 3857:973-8369-16-9 3854: 3850: 3844: 3841: 3837: 3836: 3831: 3827: 3824: 3819:(in Romanian) 3815: 3812: 3806: 3803: 3797: 3794: 3788: 3785: 3781: 3777: 3772: 3769: 3766:, Nr. 11/2008 3765: 3764: 3759: 3755: 3752: 3748: 3744:(in Romanian) 3740: 3737: 3734:, Nr. 37/2007 3733: 3732: 3727: 3723: 3720: 3716: 3712:(in Romanian) 3708: 3705: 3701: 3700: 3695: 3691: 3687:(in Romanian) 3683: 3680: 3677:, Nr. 31/2006 3676: 3675: 3670: 3666: 3663: 3659: 3655:(in Romanian) 3651: 3648: 3644: 3643: 3638: 3634: 3631: 3627: 3623:(in Romanian) 3619: 3616: 3612: 3611: 3606: 3602: 3599: 3595: 3591:(in Romanian) 3587: 3584: 3578: 3575: 3571: 3570: 3565: 3561: 3558: 3554: 3550:(in Romanian) 3546: 3544: 3540: 3537:, Nr. 10/2001 3536: 3530: 3528: 3524: 3518: 3516: 3512: 3508: 3503: 3500: 3494: 3491: 3485: 3482: 3476: 3473: 3469: 3468: 3464: 3460: 3458: 3451:(in Romanian) 3447: 3444: 3438: 3435: 3431: 3428: 3424: 3423: 3418: 3414:(in Romanian) 3409: 3406: 3402: 3401: 3396: 3392: 3389: 3384:(in Romanian) 3379: 3376: 3372: 3371: 3366: 3362: 3359: 3354:(in Romanian) 3350: 3347: 3341: 3338: 3332: 3329: 3323: 3320: 3314: 3312: 3308: 3304: 3303: 3298: 3296: 3289:(in Romanian) 3285: 3282: 3278: 3275: 3271: 3270: 3265: 3260:(in Romanian) 3256: 3254: 3250: 3246: 3241: 3239: 3235: 3231: 3230: 3225: 3220:(in Romanian) 3216: 3214: 3210: 3204: 3201: 3195: 3192: 3186: 3183: 3179: 3176: 3172: 3171: 3166: 3162:(in Romanian) 3158: 3155: 3151: 3148: 3144: 3143: 3138: 3136: 3130:(in Romanian) 3126: 3124: 3120: 3116: 3113: 3109: 3104:(in Romanian) 3100: 3097: 3093: 3092: 3085: 3082: 3076: 3074: 3070: 3064: 3061: 3057: 3054: 3050: 3049: 3044: 3040: 3036:(in Romanian) 3032: 3029: 3023: 3021: 3017: 3014:, Nr. 16/2009 3013: 3012: 3007: 3003: 3000: 2996: 2992:(in Romanian) 2988: 2985: 2979: 2976: 2970: 2967: 2963: 2962: 2957: 2955: 2948:(in Romanian) 2944: 2942: 2938: 2934: 2931: 2927: 2926: 2921: 2917:(in Romanian) 2913: 2911: 2909: 2905: 2899: 2897: 2895: 2891: 2885: 2882: 2878: 2877: 2871:(in Romanian) 2867: 2865: 2861: 2857: 2856: 2851: 2847: 2843:(in Romanian) 2839: 2836: 2830: 2828: 2826: 2824: 2822: 2820: 2818: 2814: 2808: 2805: 2799: 2797: 2795: 2793: 2789: 2783: 2780: 2774: 2772: 2768: 2762: 2759: 2753: 2750: 2744: 2741: 2737: 2734: 2730: 2729: 2724: 2720:(in Romanian) 2716: 2714: 2710: 2704: 2702: 2700: 2698: 2694: 2688: 2685: 2682:, Nr. 11/1999 2681: 2680: 2675: 2671: 2668: 2664: 2660:(in Romanian) 2656: 2654: 2650: 2644: 2641: 2638:, Nr. 20/2009 2637: 2636: 2631: 2627: 2624: 2620: 2616:(in Romanian) 2612: 2609: 2603: 2600: 2594: 2591: 2585: 2582: 2576: 2573: 2567: 2564: 2558: 2555: 2549: 2546: 2542: 2541: 2536: 2534: 2528:(in Romanian) 2524: 2522: 2520: 2518: 2514: 2508: 2505: 2499: 2496: 2490: 2487: 2481: 2478: 2474: 2471: 2467: 2466: 2461: 2457:(in Romanian) 2453: 2451: 2447: 2443: 2440: 2436: 2432: 2428:(in Romanian) 2424: 2421: 2417: 2416: 2411: 2407: 2403:(in Romanian) 2399: 2397: 2393: 2387: 2384: 2378: 2375: 2371: 2370: 2363: 2360: 2356: 2353: 2349: 2348: 2343: 2339:(in Romanian) 2335: 2332: 2328: 2327: 2322: 2317:(in Romanian) 2313: 2310: 2304: 2301: 2297: 2292: 2289: 2285: 2280: 2277: 2273: 2268: 2265: 2262:, Nr. 13/2001 2261: 2260: 2255: 2251: 2247:(in Romanian) 2243: 2241: 2239: 2235: 2229: 2227: 2223: 2217: 2215: 2213: 2209: 2205: 2202: 2198: 2197: 2192: 2187:(in Romanian) 2183: 2181: 2179: 2175: 2169: 2166: 2162: 2156: 2153: 2147: 2145: 2143: 2141: 2139: 2137: 2135: 2133: 2131: 2129: 2127: 2125: 2123: 2121: 2119: 2115: 2111: 2107: 2103: 2100: 2095:(in Romanian) 2091: 2089: 2087: 2083: 2079: 2078: 2073: 2071: 2065:(in Romanian) 2061: 2059: 2057: 2053: 2047: 2044: 2038: 2034: 2031: 2030: 2026: 2024: 2022: 2018: 2014: 2010: 2006: 2002: 1998: 1994: 1990: 1985: 1983: 1982: 1976: 1972: 1968: 1965:acquaintance 1964: 1960: 1955: 1953: 1949: 1948: 1943: 1939: 1935: 1931: 1927: 1923: 1919: 1915: 1910: 1908: 1903: 1899: 1895: 1891: 1887: 1883: 1880: 1875: 1873: 1864: 1857: 1855: 1853: 1846: 1843:model set by 1840: 1838: 1834: 1830: 1829: 1824: 1820: 1819: 1814: 1810: 1807: 1803: 1797: 1795: 1791: 1787: 1783: 1778: 1776: 1772: 1768: 1764: 1758: 1756: 1752: 1747: 1742: 1740: 1736: 1732: 1728: 1727: 1722: 1721:Henry Monnier 1718: 1717:Col. Ramollot 1714: 1713:Charles Leroy 1710: 1706: 1702: 1698: 1694: 1692: 1688: 1679: 1675: 1671: 1665:Literary work 1664: 1662: 1660: 1656: 1652: 1648: 1644: 1640: 1636: 1631: 1629: 1626: 1622: 1618: 1615:, earning an 1614: 1610: 1606: 1603: 1598: 1596: 1592: 1588: 1584: 1580: 1576: 1575: 1569: 1568:'s Radicals. 1567: 1563: 1559: 1555: 1551: 1547: 1543: 1539: 1535: 1531: 1527: 1526: 1521: 1520:Nicolae Fleva 1513: 1509: 1502: 1498: 1494: 1487: 1485: 1483: 1479: 1475: 1471: 1470:protectionism 1467: 1466:Petre P. Carp 1463: 1459: 1454: 1452: 1448: 1445: 1441: 1437: 1433: 1428: 1423: 1418: 1416: 1411: 1409: 1405: 1401: 1397: 1393: 1387: 1385: 1381: 1377: 1373: 1369: 1365: 1359: 1357: 1353: 1349: 1346: 1345:Romanian King 1342: 1338: 1334: 1330: 1326: 1322: 1321: 1316: 1315: 1310: 1305: 1301: 1294:1894 scandals 1293: 1291: 1289: 1285: 1281: 1277: 1273: 1269: 1264: 1262: 1258: 1254: 1250: 1249:Alceu Urechia 1245: 1243: 1239: 1235: 1234: 1229: 1225: 1221: 1216: 1214: 1210: 1206: 1202: 1198: 1194: 1190: 1185: 1183: 1180:, was a faux 1179: 1174: 1170: 1166: 1162: 1155: 1154: 1149: 1145: 1141: 1140: 1134: 1130: 1128: 1124: 1120: 1116: 1111: 1109: 1105: 1101: 1097: 1093: 1092: 1087: 1086: 1081: 1077: 1071: 1068: 1064: 1063:working-class 1056: 1052: 1050: 1048: 1047: 1042: 1038: 1034: 1030: 1026: 1021: 1019: 1015: 1012: 1008: 1004: 1000: 995: 993: 990:taunted some 989: 985: 981: 977: 973: 968: 966: 962: 958: 954: 950: 946: 942: 941: 940:fin de siècle 936: 932: 928: 924: 920: 916: 912: 908: 904: 903: 895: 891: 890: 885: 880: 874: 871: 869: 867: 863: 862:Ivan Turgenev 859: 855: 851: 847: 843: 839: 835: 831: 827: 823: 820:, along with 819: 815: 811: 807: 803: 799: 794: 792: 788: 784: 780: 776: 772: 768: 767:Sofia Nădejde 764: 760: 756: 752: 748: 743: 741: 737: 732: 728: 723: 721: 717: 713: 709: 705: 701: 697: 693: 689: 684: 682: 678: 674: 670: 666: 662: 661: 656: 653: 649: 644: 642: 639: 635: 631: 627: 626: 621: 617: 613: 609: 601: 597: 593: 589: 585: 581: 577: 573: 569: 568:Vasile Morțun 565: 560: 554: 550: 548: 546: 542: 538: 534: 529: 527: 523: 522: 517: 516: 511: 507: 503: 502: 501:Contemporanul 497: 492: 488: 484: 479: 477: 472: 468: 464: 459: 457: 456:court-martial 452: 448: 444: 439: 437: 433: 429: 425: 421: 417: 413: 409: 405: 401: 397: 389: 384: 382: 380: 376: 372: 368: 363: 361: 360:Nicolae Fleva 357: 353: 349: 345: 344: 339: 335: 334: 329: 325: 321: 316: 314: 310: 306: 302: 298: 294: 290: 289: 284: 280: 276: 272: 268: 264: 260: 256: 252: 248: 243: 235: 224: 223: 222:Contemporanul 219: 217: 216: 212: 211: 209: 205: 199: 196: 194: 191: 189: 186: 184: 181: 179: 176: 174: 171: 169: 166: 165: 163: 159: 156:ca. 1881–1899 155: 151: 148: 145: 141: 134: 131: 128: 125: 124: 122: 118: 111: 108: 105: 102: 99: 96: 93: 90: 89: 87: 83: 75: 71: 68: 56: 52: 45: 40: 33: 30: 19: 4311: 4297: 4285: 4268: 4258: 4240: 4228: 4222:Transilvania 4221: 4198: 4174:Caragialiana 4173: 4152: 4138: 4124: 4116: 4110: 4098: 4090: 4072: 4054:Transilvania 4053: 4041: 4031: 4009: 3999: 3994:Ioana Mitu, 3987: 3978: 3959: 3951: 3942: 3933: 3918: 3910: 3899: 3890: 3881: 3872: 3863: 3848: 3843: 3838:, April 2003 3833: 3814: 3805: 3796: 3787: 3779: 3771: 3761: 3747:Horia Gârbea 3739: 3729: 3715:Horia Gârbea 3707: 3697: 3690:Horia Gârbea 3682: 3672: 3658:Horia Gârbea 3650: 3645:, Nr. 2/2008 3640: 3626:Horia Gârbea 3618: 3608: 3586: 3577: 3572:, Nr. 7/2012 3567: 3553:Horia Gârbea 3534: 3506: 3502: 3493: 3484: 3475: 3466: 3456: 3446: 3437: 3420: 3408: 3403:, Nr. 6/2001 3398: 3378: 3373:, Nr. 3/2003 3368: 3349: 3340: 3331: 3322: 3300: 3294: 3284: 3267: 3244: 3227: 3203: 3194: 3185: 3168: 3157: 3140: 3134: 3107: 3099: 3089: 3084: 3063: 3046: 3039:Ludovic Dauș 3031: 3009: 2987: 2982:Vianu, p.185 2978: 2969: 2959: 2953: 2923: 2902:Cosco, p.114 2884: 2874: 2858:, Nr. 9/2005 2853: 2838: 2833:Cosco, p.115 2807: 2782: 2761: 2752: 2743: 2726: 2687: 2677: 2643: 2633: 2611: 2602: 2593: 2584: 2579:Vianu, p.183 2575: 2566: 2557: 2548: 2538: 2532: 2507: 2498: 2489: 2480: 2463: 2434: 2423: 2413: 2386: 2377: 2367: 2362: 2345: 2334: 2324: 2312: 2303: 2295: 2291: 2283: 2279: 2271: 2267: 2257: 2194: 2189:Ilie Ighel, 2168: 2160: 2155: 2109: 2075: 2069: 2046: 2020: 2013:Moftul Român 2012: 1986: 1978: 1974: 1962: 1956: 1947:delicatessen 1945: 1938:un moș teacă 1937: 1921: 1911: 1907:Moftul Român 1906: 1901: 1897: 1893: 1885: 1878: 1876: 1869: 1844: 1841: 1836: 1826: 1823:Alfred Jarry 1816: 1813:absurd humor 1802:Moftul Român 1801: 1798: 1793: 1779: 1774: 1766: 1759: 1743: 1734: 1724: 1716: 1696: 1695: 1690: 1683: 1643:Ioan Nădejde 1632: 1627: 1619:seat in the 1617:Ilfov County 1605:Ioan Slavici 1601: 1599: 1594: 1590: 1586: 1582: 1578: 1572: 1570: 1561: 1553: 1537: 1523: 1517: 1500: 1461: 1457: 1455: 1450: 1446: 1444:sketch story 1439: 1435: 1431: 1426: 1421: 1419: 1414: 1412: 1407: 1403: 1399: 1395: 1391: 1388: 1383: 1379: 1375: 1371: 1363: 1360: 1355: 1336: 1318: 1312: 1303: 1299: 1297: 1287: 1279: 1275: 1271: 1267: 1265: 1252: 1246: 1241: 1231: 1223: 1219: 1217: 1212: 1205:Artur Stavri 1192: 1188: 1186: 1177: 1172: 1160: 1158: 1151: 1137: 1118: 1114: 1112: 1103: 1099: 1095: 1089: 1083: 1072: 1067:Moftul Român 1066: 1060: 1054: 1044: 1037:Transylvania 1028: 1024: 1022: 1017: 1013: 999:Moftul Român 998: 996: 991: 988:Moftul Român 987: 979: 969: 952: 948: 944: 938: 918: 914: 906: 902:Moftul Român 900: 898: 889:Moftul Român 887: 873:Moftul Român 872: 845: 813: 805: 798:didactic art 795: 762: 750: 744: 736:Ioan Nădejde 724: 691: 685: 677:Ion Brătianu 658: 651: 645: 633: 629: 623: 612:Ilfov County 605: 584:Artur Stavri 552: 544: 540: 537:Jules Guesde 532: 530: 519: 513: 505: 499: 496:collectivist 480: 475: 467:left-liberal 460: 446: 440: 411: 407: 393: 364: 355: 351: 347: 341: 336:. He helped 333:Moftul Român 331: 317: 286: 274: 270: 266: 262: 258: 254: 253:, pen names 250: 246: 233: 232: 220: 213: 183:sketch story 78:(1899-10-01) 29: 4345:1899 deaths 4340:1865 births 4308:Tudor Vianu 4084:(in French) 2777:Iacoș, p.54 1997:N. D. Cocea 1950:variety of 1886:Ion prostul 1872:Nerva Hodoș 1806:homographic 1651:I. C. Frimu 1566:George Panu 1482:black humor 1404:Evenimentul 1400:Evenimentul 1392:Evenimentul 1327:activists ( 1320:Evenimentul 1029:Din cazarmă 933:and modern 931:neoromantic 911:Tudor Vianu 892:cartoonist 826:Emil Fagure 712:Maica Smara 655:George Panu 636:leader and 533:Emanciparea 521:Literatorul 515:Das Kapital 404:Gorj County 390:Early years 215:Literatorul 143:Nationality 4334:Categories 4193:C. Cosco, 4063:References 3699:Luceafărul 3507:110 ani... 3245:110 ani... 2647:Felea, p.8 2296:110 ani... 2284:110 ani... 2272:110 ani... 2220:Felea, p.7 1952:smoked ham 1794:Spanachidi 1751:Prut River 1538:Lumea Nouă 1478:capitalism 1458:Lumea Nouă 1436:Lumea Nouă 1341:fairy-tale 1238:right-wing 1150:is marked 1146:, and the 1139:Lumea Nouă 1085:Lumea Nouă 1053:PSDMR and 961:Hungarians 866:Émile Zola 541:Desrobirea 483:Lassallism 301:republican 297:Constantin 259:Wunderkind 135:politician 120:Occupation 106:Wunderkind 60:1865-02-21 4117:Universul 3964:Humanitas 3461:, in the 3295:Literarul 2846:Ion Simuț 2406:Ion Bulei 1922:Moș Teacă 1902:Moș Teacă 1898:Moftology 1894:Moș Teacă 1879:Moș Teacă 1763:Maxim gun 1755:epizootic 1697:Moș Teacă 1674:Moș Teacă 1583:Moș Teacă 1562:Junimists 1554:Moș Teacă 1546:Aromanian 1544:expelled 1525:Dreptatea 1352:Ferdinand 1201:Ion Gorun 1167:to heavy 1165:handbells 1057:campaigns 1025:Moș Teacă 850:Mór Jókai 510:Karl Marx 506:Capitalul 487:Anarchism 463:Bucharest 449:and some 447:Moș Teacă 436:epileptic 428:Wallachia 412:Bacalbașa 385:Biography 340:to turn 305:socialist 288:Moș Teacă 4265:Z. Ornea 4165:21523836 4024:Archived 3826:Archived 3754:Archived 3722:Archived 3665:Archived 3633:Archived 3601:Archived 3560:Archived 3391:Archived 3361:Archived 3229:Adevărul 3135:Adevĕrul 3002:Archived 2961:Adevărul 2954:Adevĕrul 2876:Adevărul 2670:Archived 2626:Archived 2369:Adevărul 2250:Z. Ornea 2102:Archived 2027:See also 2021:Junimist 1963:Adevărul 1877:A final 1828:Ubuesque 1705:Scabbard 1701:Scabbard 1602:Junimist 1501:Adevărul 1462:Junimist 1432:Adevărul 1427:Adevărul 1422:Adevărul 1415:Adevărul 1408:Adevărul 1396:Adevărul 1384:Adevărul 1380:Adevărul 1376:Adevărul 1364:Adevărul 1356:Urechilă 1337:Adevărul 1325:agrarian 1304:Adevărul 1300:Adevărul 1284:novellas 1182:obituary 1169:cowbells 1161:Adevărul 1148:red flag 1119:Adevărul 1104:Adevărul 1100:Adevărul 992:Junimist 965:Russians 919:Junimist 814:Junimist 810:Z. Ornea 787:far left 747:Ploiești 688:Botoșani 652:Junimist 630:Junimist 491:Nihilism 356:Adevărul 352:Adevărul 343:Adevărul 279:Romanian 147:Romanian 126:humorist 85:Pen name 4320:7431692 4186:6890267 4099:Gallica 3457:Tribuna 3422:Familia 3269:Familia 3165:"Știri" 3142:Familia 2728:Familia 2465:Familia 2347:Familia 2196:Familia 2110:Cultura 1981:Baclava 1932:, then 1882:almanac 1845:Junimea 1833:epigram 1815:in the 1775:Roșiori 1628:Pardon! 1550:Balkans 1440:Familia 1372:Familia 1314:Românul 1220:Junimea 1115:Familia 1046:Familia 1003:May Day 957:English 929:of the 907:Junimea 806:Junimea 771:O. Carp 634:Junimea 625:Junimea 471:Radical 451:memoirs 416:grocers 408:Telescu 309:Marxist 285:series 193:epigram 173:novella 4318: 4275: 4251: 4184: 4163: 3970: 3855: 3247:, p.12 2298:, p.11 2161:passim 1858:Legacy 1837:Moftul 1268:Moftul 1242:Moftul 1233:Vieața 1213:Namuna 949:Moftul 935:kitsch 927:parody 915:Moftul 424:Galați 400:Police 396:Brăila 311:doyen 255:Rigolo 188:memoir 178:parody 168:satire 153:Period 103:Rigolo 67:Brăila 4220:, in 4197:, in 4089:, in 4052:, in 4030:, in 3998:, in 3917:, in 3909:, in 3832:, in 3760:, in 3728:, in 3696:, in 3671:, in 3639:, in 3607:, in 3566:, in 3419:, in 3397:, in 3367:, in 3299:, in 3266:, in 3226:, in 3167:, in 3139:, in 3045:, in 3008:, in 2958:, in 2922:, in 2852:, in 2725:, in 2676:, in 2632:, in 2537:, in 2462:, in 2433:, in 2412:, in 2344:, in 2323:, in 2256:, in 2193:, in 2108:, in 2074:, in 2072:(II)" 2039:Notes 1979:Toni 1977:, as 1848:' 1625:revue 1595:Lupta 1579:Hazul 1574:Vatra 1504:' 1261:Iulia 1091:Munca 953:moft! 945:moft! 882:"The 868:etc. 844:. At 660:Lupta 420:guild 198:revue 161:Genre 4316:OCLC 4273:ISBN 4249:ISBN 4182:OCLC 4161:OCLC 3968:ISBN 3853:ISBN 2535:(I)" 1719:and 1653:and 1564:and 1510:and 1508:Ioan 1317:and 1203:and 1016:and 840:and 773:and 718:and 578:and 570:and 489:and 303:and 295:and 293:Ioan 275:Zig. 271:Wus. 267:Jus. 263:Inot 247:Toni 132:poet 112:Zig. 109:Wus. 100:Jus. 97:Inot 73:Died 54:Born 1900:). 1723:'s 1715:'s 1661:). 1532:as 1094:), 1078:'s 547:). 512:'s 422:in 410:to 249:or 4336:: 4310:, 4300:, 4296:, 4267:, 4243:, 4176:, 4172:, 4155:, 4151:, 4141:, 4137:, 4127:, 4113:, 4109:, 4076:, 4019:, 3962:, 3958:, 3778:, 3749:, 3717:, 3692:, 3660:, 3628:, 3596:, 3555:, 3542:^ 3526:^ 3514:^ 3310:^ 3252:^ 3237:^ 3212:^ 3122:^ 3072:^ 3041:, 3019:^ 2997:, 2940:^ 2907:^ 2893:^ 2863:^ 2848:, 2816:^ 2791:^ 2770:^ 2712:^ 2696:^ 2665:, 2652:^ 2621:, 2516:^ 2449:^ 2408:, 2395:^ 2252:, 2237:^ 2225:^ 2211:^ 2177:^ 2117:^ 2085:^ 2055:^ 2007:, 2003:, 1999:, 1984:. 1954:. 1928:: 1920:. 1850:s 1839:. 1649:, 1630:. 1597:. 1370:. 1339:a 1331:, 1286:, 1199:, 1088:, 967:. 864:, 860:, 856:, 852:, 836:, 832:, 828:, 824:, 793:. 769:, 753:(" 722:. 710:, 706:, 702:, 698:, 675:, 598:, 594:, 590:, 586:. 528:. 485:, 469:, 362:. 273:, 269:, 265:, 261:, 257:, 4210:) 4103:) 3928:) 3432:) 3279:) 3180:) 3152:) 3137:" 3058:) 2956:" 2935:) 2738:) 2475:) 2444:) 2357:) 2206:) 1018:ê 1014:ĕ 610:( 236:( 62:) 58:( 20:)

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