1051:
sparkling and spumante types. In 1993, output was lowered and modified. Later, in 1999, a production policy was put in action for white berry types (chardonnay and grechetto), red berry types (red, rosato, sangiovese), and Vin Santo, thus fulfilling the aspirations of the producers after more than thirty years. In 1999, the DOC guarantee of origin also varied the name “Valdichiana” and in 2011 with DM 22/11/11, the "Tuscan
Valdichiana" denomination was further varied with the aim of giving the exact perception that the wine produced there comes from the part of the Valdichiana that is situated in the Tuscan region in the provinces of Arezzo and Siena, thus allowing the plan of promotion to strengthen the fundamental, unique, strong, and essential bond with its territory.
1043:
these wines as follows: Talpone (red) and
Ethesiaca (white). This was a vine growing culture spreading over the hills of the Tuscan part of Valdichiana surrounding the important commercial centres of Foiano della Chiana, Lucignano, Cortona, Montepulciano and Arezzo. The importance given to this economical activity was confirmed in the following years in successive stages in the writings of the Bishopric of Arezzo. "Valdichiana Champagne". During the 1800s, the merchants of Bourgogne and Champagne decided to use the wines of Tuscan Valdichiana due to their renowned quality as a base for their champagnes after the phylloxera or vine-pest had destroyed their vineyards.
400:
715:
131:
3339:
3047:
786:
1027:. Located in the southeastern region of Tuscany, the climate of the region is strongly influenced by the sea. The variety of Sangiovese in Montepulciano is known as Prugnolo Gentile and is required to account for at least 80% of the wine. Traditionally Canaiolo and Mammolo make up the remaining part of the blend but some producers have begun to experiment with Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot.
329:
653:
514:
1012:
974:
922:
563:, of which he was given the sale agency by his uncle Mario Incisa della Rocchetta. Other producers followed suit and soon the prices for these Super Tuscans were consistently beating the prices of some of most well known Chianti. Rather than rely on name recognition of the Chianti region, the Super Tuscan producers sought to create a wine
837:
Chianti can vary widely from producer to producer. The use of white grapes in the blend could alter the style of
Chianti by softening the wines with a higher percentage of white grapes, typically indicating that the wine is meant to be drunk younger and not aged for long. In general, Chianti Classicos are described as medium-
1042:
In
Etruscan times, Valdichiana, an area which presently stretches along the Southeastern part of Tuscany up to the Florence-Rome road ramification, was called the "Breadbasket of Etruria". However, its hills were already dotted with vineyards. Later on, Plinius the Elder would describe the quality of
567:
that would be recognizable on its own merits by consumers. By the late 1980s, the trend of creating high-quality non-DOC wines had spread to other regions of
Tuscany, as well as Piedmont and Veneto. Modification to the Chianti DOC regulation attempted to "correct" the issues of Super Tuscans, so that
836:
Since 1996, Chianti is permitted to include as little as 75% Sangiovese, a maximum of 10% Canaiolo, up to 10% of the white wine grapes
Malvasia and Trebbiano and up to 15% of any other red wine grape grown in the region, such as Cabernet Sauvignon. This variety of grapes and usage is one reason why
849:
but it can also carry nutty and floral notes as well. In 2006, the use of white grapes
Trebbiano and Malvasia was prohibited (except in Chianti Colli Senesi until the 2015 vintage). Local laws also require wines to have a minimum of 70% Sangiovese (and 80% for the more prestigious Chianti Classico
668:
shields the area from the winds coming from the southeast. Many of the area's vineyards are located on the hillsides leading up towards the mountain to elevations of around 1,640 ft (500 m) though some vineyards can be found in lower-lying areas. The wines of northern and eastern regions
1046:
The wine making tradition was enriched and endorsed in the late 1960s and early 1970s with the DOC guarantee of origin recognition thanks to the effort of few noble families such as Della Stufa (Castello del
Calcione, Lucignano) and Mancini Griffoli (Fattoria Santa Vittoria, Pozzo della Chiana).
700:. Often called "Baby Brunellos", these wines are typically made from the same grapes, vineyards and style as the regular Brunello di Montalcino but are not aged as long. While similar to Brunellos in flavor and aromas, these wines are often lighter in body and more approachable in their youth.
537:
back in 1944. It was for many years the marchese’s personal wine, until, starting with the 1968 vintage, it was released commercially in 1971. The growth of Super
Tuscans is also rooted in the restrictive DOC practices of the Chianti zone prior to the 1990s. During this time Chianti could be
1050:
The first policy document of 1972 only protected the denomination of the “Virgin White
Valdichiana” type. Later, the policy document was modified and enriched to include the entire selection of wines produced in the Tuscan Valdichiana. In 1989, the DOC guarantee of origin was extended to the
299:
located in the heart of the Chianti Classico zone. Determined to improve the estate, Ricasoli traveled throughout Germany and France, studying the grape varieties and viticultural practices. He imported several of the varieties back to Tuscany and experimented with different varieties in his
239:. In the 14th century, an average of 7.9 million US gallons (30,000 m) of wine was sold every year in Florence. The earliest references to Vino Nobile di Montepulciano wine date to the late 14th century. The first recorded mention of wine from Chianti was by the Tuscan merchant
548:- Italy's lowest wine designation. By the 1970s, the consumer market for Chianti wines was suffering and the wines were widely perceived to be lacking quality. Many Tuscan wine producers thought they could produce a better quality wine if they were not hindered by the DOC regulations.
684:
helped to popularize Brunello di Montalcino in the later half of the 19th century. In the 1980s, it was the first wine to earn the DOCG classification. Today there are about two hundred growers in the Montalcino region producing about 333,000 cases of Brunello di Montalcino a year.
619:
dessert wine Vin Santo (meaning "holy wine"), the Tuscan versions of the wine are well regarded and sought for by wine consumers. The best-known version is from the Chianti Classico and is produced with a blend of Trebbiano and Malvasia Bianca. Red and
142:
524:
Super Tuscans are an unofficial category of Tuscan wines, not recognized within the Italian wine classification system. Although an extraordinary number of wines claim to be “the first Super Tuscan,” most would agree that this credit belongs to
226:
guild established strict regulations on how the Florentine wine merchants could conduct business. No wine was to be sold within 100 yards (91 m) of a church. Wine merchants were also prohibited from serving children under 15 or to
104:(DOCG). In the 1970s a new class of wines known in the trade as "Super Tuscans" emerged. These wines were made outside DOC/DOCG regulations but were considered of high quality and commanded high prices. Many of these wines became
207:. This system took its name from the arrangement whereby the landowner provides the land and resources for planting in exchange for half ("mezza") of the yearly crop. Many Tuscan landowners would turn their half of the grape
809:, which is the original Chianti region, and where some of the best expressions of Chianti wine are produced. The larger Chianti DOCG zone is further divided in six DOC sub-zones and areas in the western part of the
568:
many of the original Super Tuscans would now qualify as standard DOC/G Chianti. Most producers have brought their Super Tuscans back under legal regulations, notably since the creation of the less restrictive IGT
538:
composed of no more than 70% Sangiovese and had to include at least 10% of one of the local white wine grapes. Producers who deviated from these regulations could not use the Chianti name on their
745:
as one of the superior wine producing areas of Tuscany and granted special legal protections in 1716. In the 18th century, the producers of the Carmignano region developed a tradition of blending
375:
The Sangiovese grape performs better when it can receive more direct sunlight, which is a benefit of the many hillside vineyards in Tuscany. The majority of the region's vineyards are found at
676:, ripening easily and consistently producing wines of deep color, extract, richness with full bodies and good balance of tannins. In the mid-19th century, a local farmer named
669:
tend to ripen more slowly and produce more perfumed and lighter wines. The southern and western regions are warmer, and the resulting wines tend to be richer and more intense.
692:
wines needing five years. Brunellos tend to be very tight and tannic in their youth, needing at least a decade or two before they start to soften with wines from excellent
993:
and full-bodied with earthy notes of honey and minerals. In some styles it can be made to emphasize the fruit more and some producers have experimented with aging or
742:
1034:. The recent use of French oak barrels has increased the body and intensity of the wines which are noted for their plummy fruit, almond notes and smooth tannins.
850:
DOCG). The native varieties Canaiolo and Colorino are also permitted, as are the international classics, Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot, to a limited degree.
771:). Today Carmignano has approximately 270 acres (110 ha) planted, producing nearly 71,500 US gallons (271,000 L) of DOCG designated wine a year.
3381:
599:). These grapes are not originally from the region, but imported and planted later. The climate in Tuscany has proven to be very good for these grapes.
624:
styles are also produced mostly based on the Sangiovese grape. The wines are aged in barrels for a minimum of three years, four if it is meant to be a
555:
was one of the first to create a "Chianti-style" wine that ignored the DOC regulations, releasing a 1971 Sangiovese-Cabernet Sauvignon blend known as
446:
has been planted in Tuscany for over 250 years, but has only recently become associated with the region due to the rise of the Super Tuscans. Other
1102:
is one of Tuscany's emerging wine regions with eight DOC designations, half of which were created in the late 1990s. It includes the Monteregio di
3273:
31:
108:. In the reformation of the Italian classification system many of the original Super Tuscans now qualify as DOC or DOCG wines (such as the new
4088:
1019:
The Vino Nobile di Montepulciano received its DOCG status shortly after Brunello di Montalcino, in 1980. The DOCG covers the red wine of the
3409:
3095:
759:
94:
368:
along the border with Emilia-Romagna. The hills have a tempering effect on the summertime heat, with many vineyards planted on the higher
801:
reds and Vin Santo. The region is split into two DOCG- Chianti and Chianti Classico. The Chianti Classico zone covers the area between
793:
Located in the central region of Tuscany, the Chianti zone is Tuscany's largest classified wine region and produces over eight million
2357:
2173:
2148:
2128:
2108:
2055:
2026:
1976:
1956:
1931:
1911:
1888:
1377:
4751:
3697:
2646:
2332:
1515:
1134:. In Maremma, a hidden gem with many wineries, is Poggio Argentiera winery which makes Morellino di Scansano and other wines.
4782:
3374:
2813:
1157:
has one of the longest winemaking histories in Tuscany and is home to its own DOC. Some of the wines produced here include a
312:
broke out in Italy and Ricasoli's beloved wife died, leaving him with little interest to devote to wine. In the 1850s Oidium
58:
3414:
3299:
1122:
is known for its eclectic mix of white wine grapes in the blend including Chardonnay, the Greco sub variety of Trebbiano,
903:
of 12.5%. Wines from the Chianti DOCG can carry the name of one of the six sub-zones or just the Chianti designation. The
380:
114:
1680:
419:, Tuscany produces the third highest volume of DOC/G quality wines. Tuscany is Italy's third most planted region (behind
3593:
3304:
2067:
1361:
1006:
985:. In 1966, it was the first wine to receive a DOC designation. This wine style has been made in the area for over seven
361:
70:
1479:
4721:
4070:
1413:
428:
4137:
1443:
2262:
1630:
4441:
4419:
3224:
3191:
3020:
1845:
1654:
1503:
1352:
968:
100:
82:
2253:
587:
grape, many well known Super Tuscans are based on a "Bordeaux-blend", meaning a combination of grapes typical for
344:
of Tuscany includes seven coastal islands and is Italy's fifth largest region. It is bordered to the northwest by
4424:
4414:
4162:
3756:
3633:
3367:
3314:
3204:
1855:
1850:
1383:
696:
having the potential to do well past 50 years. In 1984, the Montalcino region was granted the DOC designation of
240:
4049:
1641:
1407:
316:
and war devastated most of Tuscany's vineyards with many peasant farmers leaving for other parts of Italy or to
4711:
3309:
3088:
3030:
2959:
2851:
2452:
2435:
1389:
178:
2221:(official document laying down the regulations for production) separate from that of the rest of the Chianti (
1636:
1395:
797:
a year. In addition to producing the well known red Chianti wine, the Chianti zone also produces white, other
1597:
1431:
853:
The Chianti Classico region covers approximately 100 square miles (260 km) and includes the communes of
4065:
3736:
3445:
3199:
2572:
2408:
1425:
681:
475:
447:
1624:
946:
688:
Brunello di Montalcino wines are required to be aged for at least four years prior to being released, with
259:. During this period Tuscan winemakers began experimenting with new techniques and invented the process of
4756:
3751:
3638:
3628:
3618:
3062:
2985:
2430:
2000:
1816:
1714:
1575:
1545:
1183:
907:
designation refers to wines produced in the provinces of Florence and Siena but not in the Classico zone.
647:
66:
1835:) produced in the communes of Castelnuovo Val di Cecina, Volterra, and Pomarance in the province of Pisa.
1790:
1607:
1563:
4746:
4716:
4431:
3653:
3472:
3404:
3000:
2769:
2413:
1321:
1298:
Chianti Superiore, produced throughout the Chianti region with the exception of the classico sub-region.
1095:
854:
154:
3613:
1551:
399:
1509:
1107:
1106:
region which has been recently the recipient of foreign investment in the area's wine, especially by "
4192:
4102:
3994:
3841:
3786:
2651:
2403:
1580:
1452:
an inter-regional DOC produced in the provinces of Massa-Carrara (Toscana) and of La Spezia (Liguria)
1401:
1325:
1316:
1099:
814:
664:. Located south of the Chianti Classico zone, the Montalcino range is drier and warmer than Chianti.
135:
2239:
1497:
677:
4706:
3846:
3816:
3492:
3482:
3229:
3181:
3081:
2631:
2325:
1602:
1585:
1539:
1473:
1343:
1339:
1334:
1307:
1293:
1277:
1273:
1261:
1239:
1221:
1213:
1196:
1138:
1030:
The wines are required to age two years prior to release, with an additional year if it is to be a
994:
938:
714:
435:
and higher quality levels in their wine. More than 80% of the regions' production is in red wine.
300:
vineyards. However, in his experiments Ricasoli discovered that three local varieties— Sangiovese,
190:
1023:
area. The wine received its name in the 17th century, when it was the favorite wine of the Tuscan
130:
4577:
3666:
3661:
3598:
3583:
3477:
3455:
3450:
3435:
3219:
2724:
1860:
1461:
1249:
1209:
750:
592:
529:, the brainchild of marchese Mario Incisa della Rocchetta, who planted Cabernet Sauvignon at his
443:
365:
296:
269:
the wines and ferment the sugar content sufficiently to make them dry. In 1685 the Tuscan author
4655:
3543:
2246:
1992:
1312:
949:, cousin of the Antinori family. The DOC Bolgheri region is also home to the Super Tuscan wine
1557:
4660:
4502:
4152:
4009:
3608:
3558:
3502:
3465:
3173:
3120:
2704:
2641:
2169:
2144:
2124:
2104:
2051:
2022:
1972:
1952:
1927:
1907:
1884:
1449:
1365:
1356:
1281:
1255:
1243:
1229:
1225:
1200:
1192:
1187:
990:
904:
818:
727:
552:
981:
Vernaccia di San Gimignano is a white wine made from the Vernaccia grape in the areas around
4787:
4761:
4741:
4567:
4446:
4373:
4353:
4004:
3949:
3588:
3553:
3497:
3338:
3046:
2964:
2891:
2754:
2656:
1455:
1347:
1287:
1267:
1235:
1217:
1127:
866:
862:
810:
680:
is believed to have isolated the Brunello clone and planted it in this region. His grandson
530:
341:
313:
292:
266:
30:
4650:
4592:
4532:
4492:
4451:
3942:
3921:
3796:
3643:
3603:
3573:
3460:
3440:
3419:
3390:
3319:
3140:
3057:
2843:
2671:
2606:
2549:
2512:
2392:
1485:
1103:
900:
785:
734:
in their DOC wines since those varieties had a long history of being grown in the region.
709:
467:
412:
284:
3964:
730:
region was one of the first Tuscan regions to be permitted to use Cabernet Sauvignon and
660:
Brunello is the name of the local Sangiovese variety that is grown around the village of
173:
as early as the 7th century BC. By the 3rd century BC, there were literary references by
718:
Carmignano was the first Tuscan DOCG to sanction the use of blending Cabernet Sauvignon
4436:
3954:
3711:
3568:
3563:
3214:
3209:
3158:
3112:
2969:
2941:
2916:
2837:
2826:
2821:
2719:
2686:
2502:
2480:
2447:
2423:
2318:
1752:
1748:
1591:
1491:
1158:
1141:
region include several varieties that are not commonly found in Tuscan wines including
1131:
997:
the wine in oak barrels in order to give the wine a sense of creaminess or toastiness.
842:
731:
544:
451:
349:
345:
270:
208:
166:
54:
243:, the "merchant of Prato", who described it as a light, white wine. The Vernaccia and
4776:
4477:
4461:
4322:
4302:
3781:
3746:
3522:
3487:
3239:
3148:
2954:
2949:
2626:
2442:
2418:
1020:
982:
588:
486:
416:
404:
248:
244:
198:
891:
deposits while those in the southern communes, like Gaiole, are harder and stonier.
4409:
4378:
4368:
4262:
4187:
4177:
4142:
3851:
3821:
3776:
3623:
3578:
3025:
2616:
2554:
2544:
2497:
1612:
1437:
1419:
1072:
754:
665:
626:
576:
designation in 1994, while the pioneer Sassicaia was prized with its own exclusive
573:
439:
309:
86:
42:
2774:
364:. The terrain is quite hilly (over 68% of the terrain), progressing inward to the
1067:
grape varieties, making wines from both Cabernets as well as Chardonnay, Merlot,
4272:
4247:
4217:
4019:
3906:
3856:
3548:
3343:
3294:
3257:
3051:
2906:
2896:
2794:
2676:
2559:
2490:
2349:
1142:
1076:
1068:
1064:
838:
794:
738:
438:
The Sangiovese grape is Tuscany's most prominent grape; however, many different
432:
252:
228:
182:
973:
638:
Tuscany's 41 DOC and 11 DOCG are spread out across the region's ten provinces.
141:
112:
label) but some producers still prefer the declassified rankings or to use the
4690:
4675:
4640:
4635:
4582:
4557:
4552:
4507:
4343:
4257:
4147:
4112:
4107:
4097:
4029:
3979:
3974:
3911:
3876:
3871:
3761:
3721:
3681:
3671:
3247:
3163:
3153:
3104:
3010:
3005:
2990:
2926:
2921:
2886:
2784:
2779:
2739:
2666:
2611:
2601:
2596:
2583:
2539:
2527:
2517:
2475:
2301:
1569:
1533:
1150:
1119:
896:
884:
875:
of the Classico zone varies throughout the region depending on the vineyards'
746:
661:
584:
539:
502:
463:
455:
328:
232:
74:
17:
2277:
2264:
4731:
4685:
4670:
4623:
4587:
4562:
4282:
4237:
4222:
4207:
4039:
3901:
3866:
3806:
3801:
3791:
3766:
3731:
3726:
3706:
3686:
3528:
3125:
3015:
2995:
2931:
2911:
2901:
2861:
2799:
2681:
2621:
2522:
1627:
produced in the provinces of Arezzo, Firenze, Pisa, Pistoia, Prato and Siena
1521:
1446:
produced in the provinces of Arezzo, Firenze, Pisa, Pistoia, Prato and Siena
1146:
1123:
986:
955:
950:
942:
880:
652:
608:
577:
560:
526:
513:
494:
369:
360:
to the south. To the west is the Tyrrhenian Sea which gives the area a warm
288:
203:
186:
105:
89:
78:
4297:
3989:
442:
varieties exist, as many towns have their own local version of Sangiovese.
379:
of 500–1600 feet (150–500 meters). The higher elevations also increase the
215:. The earliest reference of Florentine wine retailers dates to 1079 and a
4665:
4613:
4608:
4547:
4537:
4497:
4393:
4363:
4348:
4338:
4317:
4307:
4292:
4242:
4232:
4227:
4212:
4182:
4157:
4127:
4024:
3984:
3959:
3916:
3891:
3881:
3836:
3811:
3771:
3741:
3716:
2871:
2866:
2856:
2749:
2729:
2696:
2661:
2591:
2507:
2470:
2382:
2377:
2362:
2194:
1711:) produced in the provinces of Arezzo, Firenze, Pistoia, Prato and Siena.
1467:
1330:
1166:
1115:
1063:
region near Rufina has been historically known for the prevalence of the
1024:
934:
916:
876:
802:
534:
498:
482:
478:
376:
317:
305:
301:
275:
212:
194:
109:
1011:
4736:
4726:
4680:
4572:
4517:
4487:
4388:
4312:
4287:
4277:
4202:
4172:
4132:
4122:
4044:
4034:
4014:
3999:
3969:
3896:
3886:
3861:
3538:
3324:
3130:
2881:
2734:
2709:
2636:
2485:
2372:
2291:
1527:
1205:
1111:
1087:
871:
830:
780:
768:
693:
621:
615:
490:
388:
261:
256:
236:
158:
150:
62:
46:
921:
869:
and Panzano, as well as parts of four other neighboring communes. The
4628:
4542:
4522:
4512:
4482:
4383:
4358:
4267:
4197:
4167:
4117:
4077:
3826:
3676:
3289:
3252:
2876:
2764:
2759:
1260:
Colli Fiorentini as normale and Riserva, produced in the province of
1083:
1060:
858:
846:
826:
822:
596:
459:
424:
420:
353:
174:
162:
427:) but it is eighth in production volume. This is partly because the
92:, made from a variety of the region's grapes. Tuscany has forty-one
3359:
1306:
Aleatico passito produced on the island of Elba in the province of
1266:
Colline Pisane as normale and Riserva, produced in the province of
887:. The soils of the northern communes, such as Greve, are richer in
4645:
4618:
4527:
4252:
3937:
3831:
3533:
3518:
2789:
2744:
2714:
2367:
1286:
Montespertoli as normale and Riserva, produced in the province of
1010:
972:
920:
806:
784:
713:
651:
564:
512:
471:
398:
384:
357:
333:
327:
216:
140:
129:
50:
29:
2068:"Consorzio Vini Valdichiana Toscana - Production Policy Document"
1254:
Colli Senesi as normale and Riserva, produced in the province of
1248:
Colli Aretini as normale and Riserva produced in the province of
2341:
2297:
1303:
1272:
Montalbano as normale and Riserva, produced in the provinces of
1154:
888:
170:
3363:
3077:
2314:
2295:
3073:
1355:(Bianco as normale and Riserva), produced in the province of
1208:(Rosso as normale and Riserva), produced in the provinces of
1195:(Rosso as normale and Riserva), produced in the provinces of
672:
The Brunello variety of Sangiovese seems to flourish in this
161:
remnants originating in the region show that Tuscan wine was
1324:(Rosso as normale and Riserva), produced in the province of
1186:(Rosso as normale and Riserva), produced in the province of
757:" of the late 20th century. In 1975, the region was awarded
1364:(Rosso as normal and Riserva), produced in the province of
1292:
Rufina as normale and Riserva, produced in the province of
1079:
family is one of the area's most prominent wine producers.
1114:
region is known for its white wine blend of Trebbiano and
1098:, which makes a fragrant, dry Sangiovese based wine. The
613:
While Tuscany is not the only Italian region to make the
813:, the Florentine hills north of Chianti Classico in the
2310:
189:
were the main purveyors of wines in the region. As the
1906:
Third Edition pg 715-716 Oxford University Press 2006
1232:; with the option to indicate one of the sub-regions:
895:
Chianti is aged for at least 27 months, some of it in
753:, long before the practice became popularized by the "
57:, Tuscany is home to some of the world's most notable
2160:
2158:
2156:
2095:
2093:
2091:
2089:
2087:
1993:"Rebels without a cause? The demise of Super-Tuscans"
1238:
as normale and Riserva, produced in the provinces of
493:
are the most widely planted. For Tuscan white wines,
431:
of Tuscany is very poor, and producers emphasize low
122:. Tuscany has six sub-categories of IGT wines today.
2042:
2040:
2038:
2036:
2034:
2013:
2011:
1943:
1941:
1939:
4699:
4601:
4470:
4402:
4331:
4086:
4058:
3930:
3695:
3652:
3511:
3428:
3397:
3282:
3266:
3238:
3190:
3172:
3139:
3111:
2978:
2940:
2835:
2812:
2695:
2582:
2570:
2463:
2391:
2348:
2247:
Rebels without a cause? The demise of Super-Tuscans
1898:
1896:
280:, a 980-line poem describing the wines of Tuscany.
177:writers about the quality of Tuscan wine. From the
2143:Third Edition pg 140 Oxford University Press 2006
1971:Third Edition pg 703 Oxford University Press 2006
1883:Third Edition (Oxford University Press) 2006:259.
941:is home to one of the original Super Tuscan wines
1094:. Maremma is also home to Tuscany's newest DOCG,
1398:produced in the provinces of Firenze and Pistoia
1173:List of approved quality labels for Tuscan wines
1075:in addition to the local Italian varieties. The
765:Denominazione di Origine Controllata e Garantita
101:Denominazioni di Origine Controllata e Garantita
767:(DOCG) status in 1990 (retroactive to the 1988
497:is the most widely planted variety followed by
383:, helping the grapes maintain their balance of
2123:pg 376, 386–387 Workman Publishing 2001
1633:produced in the provinces of Firenze and Siena
1386:produced in the provinces of Firenze and Prato
959:as well as Tignanello from Marchesi Antinori.
945:, first made in 1944 produced by the marchesi
3375:
3089:
2326:
2217:Since 1996 the Classico sub-region has had a
1416:produced in the provinces of Arezzo and Siena
737:Noted for the quality of its wines since the
211:into wine that would be sold to merchants in
8:
1813:) produced in the province of Massa Carrara.
1787:) produced throughout the region of Toscana.
743:Cosimo III de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany
1082:In southern Tuscany, towards the region of
817:, the Siena hills south of the city in the
3382:
3368:
3360:
3096:
3082:
3074:
2579:
2333:
2319:
2311:
2292:
763:(DOC) status and subsequently promoted to
291:. It was at this point that the statesman
1986:
1984:
1434:produced in the province of Massa-Carrara
295:inherited his family ancestral estate in
145:Winemaker and politician Bettino Ricasoli
3274:Clarification and stabilization of wine
2249:" The World of Fine Wine, Issue 23 2009
2199:Fattoria Santa Vittoria Winery and Farm
2021:pg 155 & 167-169 Hungry Minds 2001
1872:
1745:) produced in the province of Grosseto.
1315:Sangiovese produced in the province of
1677:) produced in the province of Firenze.
287:, Tuscany returned to the rule of the
1165:, and a semi-sweet dessert wine from
391:as well as their aromatic qualities.
153:dates back to its settlements by the
7:
2256:" The New York Times, April 13, 2009
2164:M. Ewing-Mulligan & E. McCarthy
2099:M. Ewing-Mulligan & E. McCarthy
2046:M. Ewing-Mulligan & E. McCarthy
2017:M. Ewing-Mulligan & E. McCarthy
1947:M. Ewing-Mulligan & E. McCarthy
1572:produced in the province of Grosseto
1530:produced in the province of Grosseto
1506:produced in the province of Grosseto
1500:produced in the province of Grosseto
1488:produced in the province of Grosseto
1440:produced in the province of Grosseto
1404:produced in the province of Grosseto
1380:produced in the province of Grosseto
1153:is also popular here. The island of
825:and the area around the communes of
760:Denominazione di origine controllata
197:classes emerged, they inherited the
95:Denominazioni di origine controllata
2242:" Food and Wine Magazine, Dec. 2006
1926:pg 416-420 Simon and Schuster 1989
1621:produced in the provinces of Arezzo
1615:produced in the Province of Pistoia
1536:produced in the province of Firenze
1482:produced in the provinces of Arezzo
1470:produced in the province of Livorno
1428:produced in the province of Livorno
1422:produced in the province of Livorno
1392:produced in the province of Pistoia
403:Sangiovese grapes harvested in the
308:— produced the best wine. In 1848,
1464:produced in the province of Arezzo
1342:Rosso produced in the province of
1090:which has its own IGT designation
583:In addition to wines based on the
25:
2358:Annual growth cycle of grapevines
1644:produced in the province of Siena
1594:produced in the province of Siena
1566:produced in the province of Siena
1554:produced in the province of Siena
1548:produced in the province of Siena
1542:produced in the province of Siena
1524:produced in the province of Siena
1518:produced in the province of Siena
1494:produced in the province of Lucca
1480:Grechetto Valdichiana Toscana Doc
1476:produced in the province of Siena
1458:produced in the province of Lucca
1161:Trebbiano wine, a sweet Ansonica
520:, one of the early Super Tuscans.
4752:List of Italian foods and drinks
3337:
3045:
1619:Vinsanto Valdichiana Toscana Doc
1560:produced in the province of Pisa
1512:produced in the province of Pisa
1414:Bianco Vergine della Valdichiana
1410:produced in the province of Pisa
85:. Tuscany is also known for the
81:grape is the basis of the white
1038:The origin of Valdichiana wines
1015:A Vino Nobile di Montepulciano.
953:which was featured in the film
741:, Carmignano was identified by
201:system of agriculture known as
2254:Are Super-Tuscans Still Super?
2240:Are Super-Tuscans Still Super?
2141:"The Oxford Companion to Wine"
1969:"The Oxford Companion to Wine"
1904:"The Oxford Companion to Wine"
1881:"The Oxford Companion to Wine"
1631:Vin Santo del Chianti Classico
1378:Ansonica Costa dell'Argentario
845:. The characteristic aroma is
149:The history of viticulture in
1:
3300:Glossary of viticulture terms
2168:pg 147-155 Hungry Minds 2001
2103:pg 164-174 Hungry Minds 2001
2072:www.vinivaldichianatoscana.it
2050:pg 156-163 Hungry Minds 2001
1951:pg 142-145 Hungry Minds 2001
1504:Monteregio di Massa Marittima
381:diurnal temperature variation
115:Indicazione Geografica Tipica
3594:Pasta con i peperoni cruschi
3305:Glossary of winemaking terms
1681:Colli della Toscana Centrale
1362:Vino Nobile di Montepulciano
1333:produced in the province of
1007:Vino Nobile di Montepulciano
1001:Vino Nobile di Montepulciano
572:designation in 1992 and the
559:in 1978. He was inspired by
255:and treasured as gifts over
71:Vino Nobile di Montepulciano
27:Notable wine region in Italy
4722:Sausages in Italian cuisine
1444:Colli dell'Etruria Centrale
542:and would be classified as
49:region. Located in central
4804:
3225:Yeast assimilable nitrogen
1924:Vintage: The Story of Wine
1846:List of Italian DOCG wines
1642:Vin Santo di Montepulciano
1408:Bianco Pisano di San Torpè
1353:Vernaccia di San Gimignano
1149:. The minor Chianti grape
1004:
977:Vineyards in San Gimignano
969:Vernaccia di San Gimignano
966:
963:Vernaccia di San Gimignano
914:
899:, and must have a minimum
778:
707:
645:
606:
83:Vernaccia di San Gimignano
4163:Crocetta of Caltanissetta
3634:Spaghetti alla puttanesca
3333:
3315:History of the wine press
3205:Sparkling wine production
3039:
2308:
2166:Italian Wines for Dummies
2101:Italian Wines for Dummies
2048:Italian Wines for Dummies
2019:Italian Wines for Dummies
1949:Italian Wines for Dummies
1856:List of Italian IGT wines
1851:List of Italian DOC wines
1390:Bianco della Valdinievole
1384:Barco Reale di Carmignano
1126:, Malvasia, Pinot blanc,
929:from the Bolgheri region.
450:found in Tuscany include
283:Following the end of the
241:Francesco di Marco Datini
4712:Italian-American cuisine
4138:Cassatella di sant'Agata
3310:Wine tasting descriptors
3031:Wine tasting descriptors
2960:Phenolic content in wine
2852:Alternative wine closure
2436:Great French Wine Blight
1637:Vin Santo del Carmignano
1516:Moscadello di Montalcino
474:. Of the many local red
179:fall of the Roman Empire
134:Banqueting scene in the
118:(IGT) classification of
73:are primarily made with
4059:Cheeses and charcuterie
3737:Cotoletta alla milanese
3200:Malolactic fermentation
1991:O'Keefe, Kerin (2009).
1588:in the province of Pisa
1432:Candia dei Colli Apuani
553:marchese Piero Antinori
448:international varieties
157:in the 8th century BC.
3757:BaccalĂ alla vicentina
3639:Spaghetti alle vongole
3629:Spaghetti aglio e olio
3619:Rigatoni con la Pajata
2001:The World of Fine Wine
1655:Alta Valle della Greve
1546:Rosso di Montepulciano
1184:Brunello di Montalcino
1016:
978:
930:
925:The Super Tuscan wine
883:and distance from the
790:
723:
682:Ferruccio Biondi-Santi
657:
656:Village of Montalcino.
648:Brunello di Montalcino
642:Brunello di Montalcino
521:
408:
337:
146:
138:
67:Brunello di Montalcino
35:
4783:Wine regions of Italy
4747:List of Italian chefs
4717:Italian food products
4087:Pastry and desserts (
3931:Pizza and street food
3405:Ancient Roman cuisine
3001:Wine and food pairing
2278:43.77139°N 11.25417°E
1625:Vin Santo del Chianti
1322:Morellino di Scansano
1118:. The wine Bianco di
1096:Morellino di Scansano
1014:
976:
947:Incisa della Rochetta
924:
841:wines with firm, dry
788:
717:
655:
516:
402:
362:mediterranean climate
331:
324:Climate and geography
219:was created in 1282.
144:
133:
33:
4193:Neapolitan ice cream
3842:Frittola (meat dish)
3787:Carciofi alla romana
3420:Contemporary cuisine
3415:Early modern cuisine
2652:Muscat of Alexandria
2223:Decreto Ministeriale
1576:Terratico di Bibbona
1402:Bianco di Pitigliano
1396:Bianco dell'Empolese
1100:province of Grosseto
815:province of Florence
136:Tomb of the Leopards
4707:Sammarinese cuisine
4471:Alcoholic beverages
4050:U' pastizz 'rtunnar
3847:Frittola (doughnut)
3817:Coda alla vaccinara
3752:BaccalĂ alla lucana
3230:Yeast in winemaking
3182:Carbonic maceration
2274: /
1608:Valdichiana Toscana
1598:Val d'Arno di Sopra
1540:Rosso di Montalcino
789:A glass of Chianti.
698:Rosso di Montalcino
224:Arte dei Vinattieri
181:and throughout the
3667:Soup alla modenese
3662:Soup alla canavese
3614:Pasta all'Ortolana
3599:Pasta con le sarde
3584:Fettuccine Alfredo
3220:Traditional method
3021:Wine personalities
2725:Cabernet Sauvignon
2283:43.77139; 11.25417
2225:of 5 August 1996).
1861:History of Chianti
1426:Bolgheri Sassicaia
1055:Other Tuscan wines
1017:
979:
931:
821:, the province of
791:
751:Cabernet Sauvignon
724:
658:
593:Cabernet Sauvignon
578:Bolgheri Sassicaia
522:
444:Cabernet Sauvignon
409:
372:of the hillsides.
366:Apennine Mountains
338:
147:
139:
98:(DOC) and eleven
77:grape whereas the
36:
4770:
4769:
4153:Colomba di Pasqua
3609:Pasta al pomodoro
3559:Amatriciana sauce
3429:Regional cuisines
3357:
3356:
3351:
3350:
3121:Late harvest wine
3071:
3070:
2808:
2807:
2705:Alicante Bouschet
2453:Judgment of Paris
2184:wine-searcher.com
2139:J. Robinson (ed)
1967:J. Robinson (ed)
1902:J. Robinson (ed)
1879:J. Robinson (ed)
1108:flying winemakers
1086:, is the area of
905:Chianti Superiore
819:province of Siena
332:Vineyards around
320:to the Americas.
16:(Redirected from
4795:
4762:Italian Sounding
4374:Pane di Altamura
4354:Coppia Ferrarese
3950:Neapolitan pizza
3589:Pasta alla Norma
3554:Arrabbiata sauce
3512:Pasta and sauces
3410:Medieval cuisine
3391:Cuisine of Italy
3384:
3377:
3370:
3361:
3342:
3341:
3098:
3091:
3084:
3075:
3050:
3049:
2965:Proteins in wine
2632:GrĂĽner Veltliner
2580:
2335:
2328:
2321:
2312:
2293:
2289:
2288:
2286:
2285:
2284:
2279:
2275:
2272:
2271:
2270:
2267:
2226:
2215:
2209:
2208:
2206:
2205:
2191:
2185:
2182:
2176:
2162:
2151:
2137:
2131:
2117:
2111:
2097:
2082:
2081:
2079:
2078:
2064:
2058:
2044:
2029:
2015:
2006:
2005:
1997:
1988:
1979:
1965:
1959:
1945:
1934:
1920:
1914:
1900:
1891:
1877:
1783:, Abboccato and
1456:Colline Lucchesi
939:Livorno province
811:province of Pisa
722:with Sangiovese.
531:Tenuta San Guido
395:Wines and grapes
356:to the east and
314:Uncinula necator
293:Bettino Ricasoli
265:which helped to
251:were considered
55:Tyrrhenian coast
21:
4803:
4802:
4798:
4797:
4796:
4794:
4793:
4792:
4773:
4772:
4771:
4766:
4695:
4656:Caffè macchiato
4651:Latte macchiato
4597:
4466:
4398:
4327:
4082:
4054:
3926:
3922:Vitello tonnato
3797:Carne pizzaiola
3691:
3648:
3644:Tumact me tulez
3604:Pasta e fagioli
3574:Bolognese sauce
3544:Neapolitan ragĂą
3507:
3424:
3393:
3388:
3358:
3353:
3352:
3347:
3344:Wine portal
3336:
3329:
3320:History of wine
3278:
3262:
3234:
3186:
3168:
3149:Deacidification
3135:
3107:
3102:
3072:
3067:
3052:Wine portal
3044:
3035:
2974:
2936:
2841:
2831:
2804:
2691:
2672:Sauvignon blanc
2607:Cayetana blanca
2575:
2573:grape varieties
2566:
2459:
2387:
2344:
2339:
2304:
2282:
2280:
2276:
2273:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2261:
2260:
2235:
2230:
2229:
2216:
2212:
2203:
2201:
2193:
2192:
2188:
2183:
2179:
2163:
2154:
2138:
2134:
2118:
2114:
2098:
2085:
2076:
2074:
2066:
2065:
2061:
2045:
2032:
2016:
2009:
1995:
1990:
1989:
1982:
1966:
1962:
1946:
1937:
1921:
1917:
1901:
1894:
1878:
1874:
1869:
1842:
1775:and Abboccato;
1767:and Abboccato;
1651:
1581:Terre di Casole
1486:Maremma Toscana
1374:
1180:
1175:
1104:Massa Marittima
1092:Maremma Toscana
1057:
1040:
1009:
1003:
971:
965:
919:
913:
901:alcohol content
783:
777:
712:
710:Carmignano DOCG
706:
650:
644:
636:
611:
605:
511:
505:and Vernaccia.
476:grape varieties
468:Sauvignon blanc
397:
348:, the north by
326:
285:Napoleonic Wars
128:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4801:
4799:
4791:
4790:
4785:
4775:
4774:
4768:
4767:
4765:
4764:
4759:
4757:Meal structure
4754:
4749:
4744:
4739:
4734:
4729:
4724:
4719:
4714:
4709:
4703:
4701:
4697:
4696:
4694:
4693:
4688:
4683:
4678:
4673:
4668:
4663:
4661:Caffè corretto
4658:
4653:
4648:
4643:
4638:
4633:
4632:
4631:
4626:
4621:
4611:
4605:
4603:
4599:
4598:
4596:
4595:
4590:
4585:
4580:
4575:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4540:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4505:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4485:
4480:
4474:
4472:
4468:
4467:
4465:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4449:
4444:
4439:
4434:
4429:
4428:
4427:
4422:
4417:
4406:
4404:
4400:
4399:
4397:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4335:
4333:
4329:
4328:
4326:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4280:
4275:
4270:
4265:
4260:
4255:
4250:
4245:
4240:
4235:
4230:
4225:
4220:
4215:
4210:
4205:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4185:
4180:
4175:
4170:
4165:
4160:
4155:
4150:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4094:
4092:
4084:
4083:
4081:
4080:
4075:
4074:
4073:
4062:
4060:
4056:
4055:
4053:
4052:
4047:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3957:
3955:Sicilian pizza
3952:
3947:
3946:
3945:
3934:
3932:
3928:
3927:
3925:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3759:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3703:
3701:
3696:Other dishes (
3693:
3692:
3690:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3658:
3656:
3650:
3649:
3647:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3569:Genovese sauce
3566:
3564:Marinara sauce
3561:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3515:
3513:
3509:
3508:
3506:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3469:
3468:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3432:
3430:
3426:
3425:
3423:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3401:
3399:
3395:
3394:
3389:
3387:
3386:
3379:
3372:
3364:
3355:
3354:
3349:
3348:
3334:
3331:
3330:
3328:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3286:
3284:
3280:
3279:
3277:
3276:
3270:
3268:
3264:
3263:
3261:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3244:
3242:
3236:
3235:
3233:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3210:Sugars in wine
3207:
3202:
3196:
3194:
3188:
3187:
3185:
3184:
3178:
3176:
3170:
3169:
3167:
3166:
3161:
3159:Chaptalization
3156:
3151:
3145:
3143:
3137:
3136:
3134:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3117:
3115:
3109:
3108:
3103:
3101:
3100:
3093:
3086:
3078:
3069:
3068:
3066:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3040:
3037:
3036:
3034:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2986:Classification
2982:
2980:
2976:
2975:
2973:
2972:
2970:Sugars in wine
2967:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2946:
2944:
2942:Wine chemistry
2938:
2937:
2935:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2917:Wine dispenser
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2848:
2846:
2833:
2832:
2830:
2829:
2824:
2818:
2816:
2810:
2809:
2806:
2805:
2803:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2720:Cabernet Franc
2717:
2712:
2707:
2701:
2699:
2693:
2692:
2690:
2689:
2687:Welschriesling
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2642:MĂĽller-Thurgau
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2588:
2586:
2577:
2568:
2567:
2565:
2564:
2563:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2533:
2532:
2531:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2494:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2467:
2465:
2461:
2460:
2458:
2457:
2456:
2455:
2445:
2440:
2439:
2438:
2428:
2427:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2409:Ancient Greece
2406:
2397:
2395:
2389:
2388:
2386:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2354:
2352:
2346:
2345:
2340:
2338:
2337:
2330:
2323:
2315:
2309:
2306:
2305:
2296:
2258:
2257:
2250:
2243:
2234:
2233:External links
2231:
2228:
2227:
2210:
2186:
2177:
2152:
2132:
2121:The Wine Bible
2112:
2083:
2059:
2030:
2007:
1980:
1960:
1935:
1915:
1892:
1871:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1864:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1841:
1838:
1837:
1836:
1827:in the styles
1814:
1805:in the styles
1788:
1779:in the styles
1771:in the styles
1759:in the styles
1746:
1737:in the styles
1721:in the styles
1712:
1703:in the styles
1687:in the styles
1678:
1669:in the styles
1650:
1647:
1646:
1645:
1639:
1634:
1628:
1622:
1616:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1589:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1567:
1561:
1555:
1549:
1543:
1537:
1531:
1525:
1519:
1513:
1507:
1501:
1495:
1489:
1483:
1477:
1471:
1465:
1459:
1453:
1447:
1441:
1435:
1429:
1423:
1417:
1411:
1405:
1399:
1393:
1387:
1381:
1373:
1370:
1369:
1368:
1359:
1350:
1337:
1328:
1319:
1310:
1301:
1300:
1299:
1296:
1290:
1284:
1270:
1264:
1258:
1252:
1246:
1203:
1190:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1132:Welschriesling
1056:
1053:
1039:
1036:
1005:Main article:
1002:
999:
989:. The wine is
967:Main article:
964:
961:
937:region of the
915:Main article:
912:
909:
779:Main article:
776:
773:
732:Cabernet Franc
708:Main article:
705:
702:
678:Clemente Santi
646:Main article:
643:
640:
635:
632:
607:Main article:
604:
601:
545:vino da tavola
510:
507:
452:Cabernet franc
396:
393:
350:Emilia-Romagna
325:
322:
271:Francesco Redi
167:southern Italy
127:
124:
26:
24:
18:Toscana (wine)
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4800:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4780:
4778:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4750:
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4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4728:
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4715:
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4710:
4708:
4705:
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4698:
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4689:
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4684:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4674:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
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4647:
4644:
4642:
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4627:
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4607:
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4526:
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4521:
4519:
4516:
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4509:
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4501:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4475:
4473:
4469:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
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4440:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4413:
4412:
4411:
4408:
4407:
4405:
4401:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4336:
4334:
4330:
4324:
4323:Zuppa Inglese
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4303:Torta caprese
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4236:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4211:
4209:
4206:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4164:
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4159:
4156:
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4151:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
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4121:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
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4090:
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4079:
4076:
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4069:
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4043:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4005:Pani câ meusa
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3965:Piscialandrea
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3944:
3941:
3940:
3939:
3936:
3935:
3933:
3929:
3923:
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3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
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3870:
3868:
3865:
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3860:
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3840:
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3835:
3833:
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3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3782:Caprese salad
3780:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3747:Bollito misto
3745:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
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3702:
3699:
3694:
3688:
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3670:
3668:
3665:
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3660:
3659:
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3640:
3637:
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3630:
3627:
3625:
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3607:
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3600:
3597:
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3577:
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3545:
3542:
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3517:
3516:
3514:
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3499:
3496:
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3479:
3476:
3474:
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3454:
3452:
3449:
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3431:
3427:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3402:
3400:
3396:
3392:
3385:
3380:
3378:
3373:
3371:
3366:
3365:
3362:
3346:
3345:
3340:
3332:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3287:
3285:
3281:
3275:
3272:
3271:
3269:
3265:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3245:
3243:
3241:
3237:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3197:
3195:
3193:
3189:
3183:
3180:
3179:
3177:
3175:
3171:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3146:
3144:
3142:
3138:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3118:
3116:
3114:
3110:
3106:
3099:
3094:
3092:
3087:
3085:
3080:
3079:
3076:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3053:
3048:
3042:
3041:
3038:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2983:
2981:
2977:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2955:Acids in wine
2953:
2951:
2950:Aroma of wine
2948:
2947:
2945:
2943:
2939:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2849:
2847:
2845:
2839:
2834:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2819:
2817:
2815:
2814:Major regions
2811:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2770:Montepulciano
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2702:
2700:
2698:
2694:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2589:
2587:
2585:
2581:
2578:
2574:
2569:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2537:
2535:
2534:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2500:
2499:
2496:
2495:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2468:
2466:
2462:
2454:
2451:
2450:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2437:
2434:
2433:
2432:
2429:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2401:
2399:
2398:
2396:
2394:
2390:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2355:
2353:
2351:
2347:
2343:
2336:
2331:
2329:
2324:
2322:
2317:
2316:
2313:
2307:
2303:
2299:
2294:
2290:
2287:
2255:
2251:
2248:
2244:
2241:
2237:
2236:
2232:
2224:
2220:
2214:
2211:
2200:
2196:
2190:
2187:
2181:
2178:
2175:
2174:0-7645-5355-0
2171:
2167:
2161:
2159:
2157:
2153:
2150:
2149:0-19-860990-6
2146:
2142:
2136:
2133:
2130:
2129:1-56305-434-5
2126:
2122:
2116:
2113:
2110:
2109:0-7645-5355-0
2106:
2102:
2096:
2094:
2092:
2090:
2088:
2084:
2073:
2069:
2063:
2060:
2057:
2056:0-7645-5355-0
2053:
2049:
2043:
2041:
2039:
2037:
2035:
2031:
2028:
2027:0-7645-5355-0
2024:
2020:
2014:
2012:
2008:
2003:
2002:
1994:
1987:
1985:
1981:
1978:
1977:0-19-860990-6
1974:
1970:
1964:
1961:
1958:
1957:0-7645-5355-0
1954:
1950:
1944:
1942:
1940:
1936:
1933:
1932:0-671-68702-6
1929:
1925:
1919:
1916:
1913:
1912:0-19-860990-6
1909:
1905:
1899:
1897:
1893:
1890:
1889:0-19-860990-6
1886:
1882:
1876:
1873:
1866:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1843:
1839:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1817:Montecastelli
1815:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1789:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1747:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1715:Costa Toscana
1713:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1679:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1653:
1652:
1648:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1632:
1629:
1626:
1623:
1620:
1617:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1603:Val di Cornia
1601:
1599:
1596:
1593:
1590:
1587:
1586:Terre di Pisa
1584:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1571:
1568:
1565:
1562:
1559:
1556:
1553:
1552:San Gimignano
1550:
1547:
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1021:Montepulciano
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983:San Gimignano
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487:Malvasia nera
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249:San Gimignano
246:
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199:sharecropping
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68:
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60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
40:
32:
19:
4456:
4379:Pane sciocco
4369:Pane carasau
4263:Sfogliatelle
4188:Mustacciuoli
4178:Grattachecca
4143:Castagnaccio
3852:Istrian stew
3777:Cappon magro
3624:Cacio e pepe
3579:Checca sauce
3335:
3192:Fermentation
3043:
3026:Wine tasting
2647:Muscat blanc
2617:Chenin blanc
2414:Ancient Rome
2259:
2222:
2219:disciplinare
2218:
2213:
2202:. Retrieved
2198:
2195:"The winery"
2189:
2180:
2165:
2140:
2135:
2120:
2115:
2100:
2075:. Retrieved
2071:
2062:
2047:
2018:
2004:(23): 94–99.
1999:
1968:
1963:
1948:
1923:
1918:
1903:
1880:
1875:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1791:Val di Magra
1784:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1726:
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1700:
1696:
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1674:
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1666:
1662:
1658:
1618:
1613:Valdinievole
1510:Montescudaio
1162:
1136:
1091:
1081:
1073:Pinot grigio
1058:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1031:
1029:
1018:
980:
954:
935:DOC Bolgheri
932:
926:
892:
870:
852:
835:
798:
792:
764:
758:
755:Super Tuscan
736:
725:
719:
697:
689:
687:
673:
671:
666:Monte Amiata
659:
637:
634:Wine regions
625:
614:
612:
582:
574:DOC Bolgheri
569:
556:
550:
543:
523:
517:
437:
410:
374:
339:
282:
274:
260:
253:luxury items
223:
221:
202:
191:aristocratic
148:
119:
113:
99:
93:
87:dessert wine
59:wine regions
43:Italian wine
38:
37:
4452:Piedmontese
4273:Sponge cake
4248:Ricciarelli
4218:Panna cotta
4020:Arrosticini
3907:Saltimbocca
3857:Lampredotto
3712:Bagna cĂ uda
3549:Struncatura
3483:Piedmontese
3295:Wine bottle
3267:Other steps
3258:Wine cellar
3215:SĂĽssreserve
2907:Wine cellar
2897:Wine bottle
2838:accessories
2836:Packaging,
2795:Tempranillo
2424:Noah's wine
2404:Phoenicians
2350:Viticulture
2281: /
2119:K. MacNeil
1922:H. Johnson
1592:Val d'Arbia
1564:Sant'Antimo
1077:Frescobaldi
1069:Pinot blanc
1065:French wine
739:Middle Ages
540:wine labels
310:revolutions
229:prostitutes
187:monasteries
183:Middle Ages
39:Tuscan wine
4777:Categories
4691:Bombardino
4676:Marocchino
4646:Caffelatte
4641:Cappuccino
4636:Espressino
4583:Frangelico
4558:Maraschino
4553:Bargnolino
4508:Limoncello
4344:Breadstick
4258:Semifreddo
4148:Cavallucci
4128:Cantuccini
4113:Buccellato
4108:Bruttiboni
4098:Bocconotto
4030:Tramezzino
3975:Panzerotti
3912:Scaloppine
3877:Parmigiana
3872:Panzanella
3822:Fiorentina
3762:Cacciatore
3722:Bruschetta
3682:Minestrone
3672:Acquacotta
3478:Neapolitan
3174:Maceration
3164:Wine press
3154:Destemming
3105:Winemaking
3011:Wine fraud
3006:Wine fault
2991:Oenophilia
2927:Wine label
2922:Wine glass
2887:Port tongs
2785:Sangiovese
2780:Pinot noir
2740:Douce noir
2667:Rkatsiteli
2612:Chardonnay
2602:Catarratto
2576:by acreage
2550:Biodynamic
2513:Aromatized
2302:winemaking
2269:11°15′15″E
2266:43°46′17″N
2204:2019-12-19
2077:2019-12-19
1867:References
1498:Montecucco
1492:Montecarlo
1313:Montecucco
1193:Carmignano
1178:DOCG Wines
1151:Ciliegiolo
1139:Montecarlo
1120:Pitigliano
995:fermenting
885:Arno River
855:Castellina
747:Sangiovese
728:Carmignano
720:(pictured)
704:Carmignano
662:Montalcino
585:Sangiovese
557:Tignanello
533:estate in
518:Tignanello
503:Vermentino
464:Pinot noir
456:Chardonnay
370:elevations
278:in Toscana
106:cult wines
75:Sangiovese
53:along the
4732:Trattoria
4686:Barbajada
4671:Mocaccino
4624:Ristretto
4588:Alchermes
4563:Sassolino
4437:Calabrian
4410:Varieties
4283:Struffoli
4238:Pignolata
4223:Panpepato
4208:Panettone
4103:Bombolone
4040:Sardenara
3943:al taglio
3902:Rollatini
3867:Porchetta
3807:Ciambotta
3802:Cassoeula
3792:Carpaccio
3767:Cacciucco
3732:Cotoletta
3727:Bruscitti
3707:Abbacchio
3687:Ribollita
3529:Carbonara
3493:Sardinian
3446:Arbëreshë
3436:Abruzzese
3126:Noble rot
3016:Winemaker
2996:Sommelier
2932:Wine rack
2912:Wine cork
2902:Wine cave
2892:Screw cap
2862:Corkscrew
2827:New World
2822:Old World
2800:Zinfandel
2775:Mourvèdre
2682:Trebbiano
2622:Colombard
2523:Noble rot
2503:Fortified
2481:Sparkling
2448:New World
1765:Frizzante
1727:Frizzante
1693:Frizzante
1649:IGT Wines
1558:San Torpè
1372:DOC Wines
1159:sparkling
1147:Roussanne
1124:Grechetto
987:centuries
956:Mondovino
951:Ornellaia
943:Sassicaia
927:Sassicaia
881:soil type
609:Vin Santo
603:Vin Santo
561:Sassicaia
527:Sassicaia
495:Trebbiano
377:altitudes
289:Habsburgs
267:stabilize
247:wines of
204:mezzadria
155:Etruscans
90:Vin Santo
79:Vernaccia
45:from the
4666:Affogato
4614:Espresso
4578:Galliano
4548:Centerbe
4538:Amaretto
4498:Vermouth
4462:Venetian
4394:Vastedda
4364:Michetta
4349:Ciabatta
4339:Borlengo
4318:Zuccotto
4308:Zabaione
4293:Tiramisu
4268:Sorbetto
4243:Pizzelle
4233:Pastiera
4228:Parrozzo
4213:Panforte
4183:Marzipan
4158:Crostata
4025:Farinata
3995:Frittula
3985:Arancini
3960:Focaccia
3917:Timballo
3892:Rafanata
3882:Ossobuco
3837:Frittata
3812:Ciccioli
3772:Caponata
3742:Crostino
3717:Braciola
3503:Venetian
3498:Sicilian
3473:Lucanian
3456:Ligurian
3451:Corsican
3141:Pressing
3063:Glossary
2979:Industry
2872:Jug wine
2867:Decanter
2857:Box wine
2755:Isabella
2750:Grenache
2730:Carignan
2677:SĂ©millon
2662:Riesling
2657:Palomino
2400:Ancient
2383:Vineyard
2378:Veraison
2363:Oenology
1840:See also
1438:Capalbio
1420:Bolgheri
1331:Suvereto
1326:Grosseto
1317:Grosseto
1236:Classico
1167:Aleatico
1143:SĂ©millon
1128:Verdello
1116:Ansonica
1025:nobility
917:Bolgheri
911:Bolgheri
877:altitude
803:Florence
694:vintages
589:Bordeaux
535:Bolgheri
499:Malvasia
483:Colorino
479:Canaiolo
415:and the
413:Piedmont
318:emigrate
306:Malvasia
302:Canaiolo
233:ruffians
213:Florence
195:merchant
163:exported
110:Bolgheri
4788:Tuscany
4737:Enoteca
4727:Osteria
4700:Related
4681:Bicerin
4573:Rosolio
4518:Campari
4488:Sambuca
4447:Lombard
4442:Friulan
4432:Abruzzo
4389:Taralli
4313:Zeppole
4298:Torrone
4288:Tartufo
4278:Spumoni
4203:Pandoro
4173:Granita
4133:Cassata
4123:Cannoli
4066:Cheeses
4045:Scaccia
4035:Zippuli
4015:Piadina
4000:Panelle
3980:Crocchè
3970:Calzone
3897:Risotto
3887:Orzotto
3862:Polenta
3466:Mantuan
3461:Lombard
3441:Apulian
3398:History
3325:Terroir
3283:Related
3131:Vintage
3113:Harvest
3058:Outline
2882:Muselet
2844:storage
2735:Cinsaut
2710:Barbera
2637:Macabeo
2597:Aligoté
2555:Organic
2545:Natural
2498:Dessert
2443:Georgia
2393:History
2373:Terroir
2368:Species
1833:Novello
1829:normale
1811:Novello
1807:normale
1785:Novello
1781:normale
1773:normale
1761:normale
1753:Toscana
1749:Toscano
1743:Novello
1739:normale
1723:normale
1709:Novello
1705:normale
1689:normale
1675:Novello
1671:normale
1528:Parrina
1462:Cortona
1344:Livorno
1335:Livorno
1308:Livorno
1294:Firenze
1278:Pistoia
1274:Firenze
1262:Firenze
1240:Firenze
1222:Pistoia
1214:Firenze
1206:Chianti
1197:Firenze
1163:passito
1112:Parrina
1110:". The
1088:Maremma
1032:riserva
893:Riserva
872:terroir
843:tannins
831:Pistoia
781:Chianti
775:Chianti
769:vintage
690:riserva
674:terroir
627:Riserva
616:passito
570:Toscana
491:Mammolo
407:region.
389:acidity
346:Liguria
297:Broglio
262:governo
257:saffron
237:thieves
209:harvest
159:Amphora
151:Tuscany
126:History
120:Toscana
63:Chianti
47:Tuscany
34:Tuscany
4629:Doppio
4602:Coffee
4568:Strega
4543:Nocino
4523:Aperol
4513:Fernet
4503:Spritz
4483:Grappa
4457:Tuscan
4384:Sgabeo
4359:Filone
4332:Breads
4198:Neccio
4168:Gelato
4118:Budino
4078:Salumi
4010:Panino
3990:Supplì
3827:Fondue
3677:Bagnun
3290:Winery
3253:Solera
2877:Kvevri
2765:Merlot
2760:Malbec
2560:Kosher
2536:Other
2491:Orange
2464:Styles
2431:France
2172:
2147:
2127:
2107:
2054:
2025:
1975:
1955:
1930:
1910:
1887:
1821:Bianco
1799:Rosato
1795:Bianco
1769:Rosato
1757:Bianco
1731:Rosato
1719:Bianco
1697:Rosato
1685:Bianco
1663:Rosato
1659:Bianco
1570:Sovana
1534:Pomino
1250:Arezzo
1210:Arezzo
1084:Latium
1061:Pomino
859:Gaiole
847:cherry
839:bodied
827:Rufina
823:Arezzo
597:Merlot
591:(esp.
460:Merlot
440:clonal
433:yields
425:Apulia
421:Sicily
417:Veneto
411:After
385:sugars
354:Umbria
342:region
273:wrote
4742:Sagra
4619:Lungo
4609:Caffè
4593:Aurum
4533:Amaro
4528:Cynar
4493:Mirto
4403:Wines
4253:Seada
3938:Pizza
3832:Frico
3654:Soups
3534:Pesto
3519:Pasta
3488:Roman
3240:Aging
2790:Syrah
2745:Gamay
2715:Bobal
2627:Glera
2592:Airén
2584:White
2540:Table
2528:Straw
2518:Fruit
2476:White
2419:China
2298:Wines
1996:(PDF)
1825:Rosso
1803:Rosso
1777:Rosso
1735:Rosso
1701:Rosso
1667:Rosso
1522:Orcia
1366:Siena
1357:Siena
1282:Prato
1256:Siena
1244:Siena
1230:Siena
1226:Prato
1201:Prato
1188:Siena
867:Radda
863:Greve
807:Siena
799:Rosso
795:cases
749:with
580:DOC.
565:brand
472:Syrah
358:Lazio
334:Siena
276:Bacco
245:Greco
217:guild
175:Greek
51:Italy
4478:Beer
4420:DOCG
4089:List
3698:List
3539:RagĂą
3523:List
2842:and
2571:Top
2486:Rosé
2342:Wine
2300:and
2170:ISBN
2145:ISBN
2125:ISBN
2105:ISBN
2052:ISBN
2023:ISBN
1973:ISBN
1953:ISBN
1928:ISBN
1908:ISBN
1885:ISBN
1831:and
1809:and
1741:and
1725:and
1707:and
1691:and
1673:and
1468:Elba
1348:Pisa
1346:and
1304:Elba
1288:Pisa
1280:and
1268:Pisa
1242:and
1228:and
1218:Pisa
1199:and
1155:Elba
1145:and
1130:and
1059:The
933:The
889:clay
865:and
829:and
805:and
726:The
622:rosé
595:and
551:The
489:and
470:and
429:soil
423:and
387:and
340:The
304:and
235:and
222:The
193:and
171:Gaul
169:and
69:and
4425:DOC
4415:IGT
4071:PDO
3248:Oak
2697:Red
2508:Ice
2471:Red
1751:or
991:dry
897:oak
165:to
41:is
4779::
2197:.
2155:^
2086:^
2070:.
2033:^
2010:^
1998:.
1983:^
1938:^
1895:^
1823:;
1801:;
1797:;
1763:,
1733:;
1729:;
1699:;
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1220:,
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1169:.
1071:,
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833:.
630:.
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481:,
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4091:)
3700:)
3525:)
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2245:"
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
