325:
2223:
2265:
2258:
1941:
1927:
1920:
1607:
1593:
1586:
1360:
1346:
1339:
1934:
1600:
1353:
279:
2251:
2244:
2237:
2583:
2337:
2015:
2279:
2730:
and the thinner ones above. 1880 saw the introduction of the 'ship jacket' (similar to today's reefer jacket) for wear at night or in inclement weather in undress. In 1885, a white tunic, worn with white trousers and white sun helmet and black boots, was introduced for wear in hot climates, as well as a navy blue tunic and trousers, of the same cut, for wear in undress in temperate climates. On both garments, rank was initially worn on the sleeve: in white silk for the white uniform, in gold for blue. The reefer jacket replaced the blue tunic in 1889. The white tunic was redesigned at the same time, with rank being worn on shoulder-boards instead of the sleeve.
2272:
2230:
2576:
135:
2286:
2351:
2029:
1681:
1955:
1621:
1374:
1688:
471:
for those training to become officers; usually young gentlemen from well-to-do families. This was a popular and recognised route, offering an opportunity to accumulate knowledge and sea time, prior to becoming a midshipman. Service as a ship's boy was recorded as sea-service; officers' servants could obtain credit towards the mandatory six years of sea time needed before attempting the lieutenant's exam. It was not uncommon for these boys to be signed on in name only while they remained on land at school, high-ranking officers supplying fictitious seatime in exchange for some reward or favour.
1206:
1913:
1579:
1332:
1962:
1628:
305:
2534:
2295:
1973:
1639:
1381:
2569:
2562:
2555:
2330:
2323:
2316:
2008:
2001:
1994:
1667:
1660:
1948:
1614:
2590:
2548:
2344:
2309:
2022:
1987:
1674:
1653:
1367:
1525:. Uniforms for all ranks lost their white facings. Over the next fifty years, epaulettes were the primary means of determining officer rank insignia. Surgeons, who had hitherto worn the standard warrant officer's uniform, were, in June 1805, given waistcoat and breeches, a blue, single-breasted coat with white lining, standing collar and eight buttons for dress occasions. An undress coat was also provided which had a falling collar and no cuff or pocket buttons. A full-dress uniform for pursers and masters was introduced in June 1807.
2541:
2302:
1980:
1646:
1906:
1899:
1572:
1565:
2404:
1325:
1318:
2397:
449:
2390:
2383:
165:
2745:
1851:
2194:
three stripes for captains. These were a precursor to the current system of sleeve rank insignia. Flag officers were to wear their epaulettes with the frock coat. Other officers only were to wear epaulettes on their tailcoat. This garment was worn with plain blue trousers and a peaked cap by all officers. Although short-lived (it was abolished in 1841), this frock-coat was an important precursor and influence on later styles of uniform, particularly in undress.
1863:
1529:
1132:" was a battle condition in which a Royal Navy vessel manned all of its guns with gun crews, stood up damage control and emergency medical teams, and called the ship's senior officers to the quarterdeck in order to direct the ship in battle. A sailor's action station was independent of their watch station or division, although in many cases groups of sailors manning the same action station were assigned from the same division or watch section.
2683:
1170:
1159:
352:. Warrant officers had rights to mess and berth in the wardroom and were normally considered gentlemen; however, the Sailing Master was often a former sailor who had "come through the ranks" therefore might have been viewed as a social unequal. All commissioned and warrant officers wore a type of uniform, although official Navy regulations clarified an officer uniform in 1787 while it was not until 1807 that masters, along with
1239:
2695:
2186:
ordered to be buttoned up at all times. Midshipmen, Masters, Volunteers of the First and Second class and
Surgeons were to keep their existing uniforms but were to wear them fully buttoned up. In 1827, regulations; there was ordered to be no distinction between full dress and undress, the only distinction between the two being that officers were allowed to wear plain blue trousers in undress.
38:
1025:
1183:
2757:
rank (rear-admiral of the red), the flag officer would next be promoted to the rank of vice admiral, and begin again at the lowest coloured squadron (vice-admiral of the blue). The process would continue again, until the vice-admiral of the red was promoted to admiral of the blue. The highest possible rank was admiral of the red squadron, which until 1805 was synonymous with
1191:
398:. Petty officers were seamen who had been "rated" to fill a particular specialist trade on board ship. This rating set the petty officers apart from the common seaman by virtue of technical skill and slightly higher education. No special uniform was allocated for petty officers, although some Royal Navy ships allowed such persons to don a simple blue
2768:, who was promoted directly from rear admiral to vice-admiral of the blue without ever having served as a rear-admiral of the red or white squadron. On the opposite, a higher-ranked admiral in a lower squadron (i.e. vice-admiral of the blue) could not be demoted to a lower rank yet in a higher rated squadron (i.e. rear admiral of the red).
1065:. Once a captain, advancement to admiral was strictly determined by seniority – if a captain served long enough for more senior officers to retire, resign, or die, he would eventually become an admiral. One distinguishing element among captain was, however, determined by the rating of the vessel they commanded. The captain of a
1846:
From March 1812 the full-dress uniform reinstated the white lapels, collars and cuffs that had been replaced by blue in 1795, except on the undress uniform. Midshipmen also retained the all blue jacket and the captain's uniform was now double-breasted. Lieutenants were granted a single gold epaulette
1044:
Senior petty officers could also be rated as a standing officer, of which only three such positions normally existed (boatswain, carpenter, and gunner). These were highly coveted positions since
Standing officers were highly valued due to their skill and experience. Additionally the Standing Officers
1036:
After a year at sea, landsmen were normally advanced to ordinary seaman. Three more years, with appropriate ability displayed, would see a sailor advanced to able seaman. For the "common seaman", this level is where the career path usually ended, and many sailors spent their entire Royal Navy careers
474:
The number of second and third class boys allowed on each ship was dictated by the
Admiralty and could be as many as 13 and 19 respectively for first rate ships while a large frigate might have 10 third class and six second class. The youngest were not supposed be less than 13, or 11 if they were the
214:
position. The rank of "master and commander" (completely separate from the rank of master) first appeared in the 1760s and was originally a temporary appointment, rather than a substantive rank, whereby a lieutenant was appointed to command a vessels without a captain's commission (and the associated
2752:
Flag rank advancement in the 18th and 19th century Royal Navy was determined entirely by seniority. Initial promotion to flag rank from the rank of captain occurred when a vacancy appeared on the admirals' seniority list due to the death or retirement of a flag officer. The captain in question would
1112:
and his mates were interspersed among the various watch teams to ensure good order and discipline. The remainder of the ships' company, who did not stand a regular watch, included the ship's carpenter's crew and the gunnery teams (in charge of the maintenance of the ship's guns). Any other person on
1088:
The heart of the watch were the watch teams, each led by a petty officer known as a captain (separate entirely from the vessel's commanding officer). There were six watch teams on most Royal Navy vessels, divided into three "deck" teams and three "aloft" teams. The aloft teams were manned by sailors
466:
Until the child labour laws of the late 19th century, poor children started work as soon as they were able. Child labour was considered both necessary and desirable; being good for the child's development and providing additional income to struggling families. From the ages of five or six, farmers'
2756:
As further vacancies occurred, the
British flag officer would be posted to the same rank in higher squadrons. For instance, a rear admiral of the blue squadron would be promoted to become rear admiral of the white, and then rear admiral of the red squadron. When reaching the highest position of the
1264:
In this year the former 'all-purpose' uniform became full dress. A simpler blue 'frock' was introduced for everyday purposes. In 1783, flag officers were granted a new full-dress uniform; again a heavily embroidered single-breasted coat as before, but for the first time denoted what rank the bearer
1052:
Once commissioned, lieutenants would be rated onboard based on seniority, such as "1st lieutenant", "2nd lieutenant", "3rd lieutenant", etc. with the 1st lieutenant filling the modern-day role of executive officer and second-in-command. Lieutenants, like ordinary sailors, were required to be signed
1048:
Warrant officers were given their positions by various certification boards and had nearly the same rights and respect as commissioned officers, including access to the quarterdeck and wardroom. Advancement into the commissioned officer grades required a royal appointment, following a certification
1032:
Promotion and advancement within the 18th and 19th century Royal Navy varied depending on the status of the sailor in question. At the lower levels, most inexperienced sailors began in the rank of landsman – those joining ships at a very young age were typically entered in the navy as cabin boys or
258:
Naval ranks and positions of the 18th and 19th-century Royal Navy were an intermixed assortment of formal rank titles, positional titles, as well as informal titles used onboard oceangoing ships. Uniforms played a major role in shipboard hierarchy since those positions allocated a formal uniform by
2729:
Although they had always been authorized for undress uniforms, 1878 saw a clarification of the wearing of cuff buttons worn on the undress coats (the frock coat and undress tailcoat) this were worn beneath the cuff stripes. For flag officers, the buttons were worn between the thicker line of braid
2185:
A radical change in the full-dress coat occurred in 1827 when a new pattern was introduced that was very similar to the undress coat of the 1812-1825 pattern. Instead of sloping away from the chest, the tails of the coat were now cut away at the waist (like a modern-day civilian tailcoat) and were
1273:
1787 saw the slashed cuffs of the full-dress for commissioned officers replaced with white round cuffs with three buttons (the lapels and cuffs were blue for
Masters and Commanders). For flag officers, the embroidery on the coat and cuffs was replaced with lace. This year also saw Warrant officers
470:
The Royal Navy was not exceptional in its employment of young boys, who were rated in three classes: A Boy Third Class was under 15 and was usually employed as an officer's servant, a Boy Second class was between 16 and 18 and undertook normal seaman's duties. Boy First Class was a rating reserved
359:
Next came the ship's three "standing officers", the
Carpenter, Gunner and Boatswain (Bo'sun), who along with the master were permanently assigned to a vessel for maintenance, repair, and upkeep. Standing officers were considered the most highly skilled seaman on board, and messed and berthed with
2193:
was allowed to officers for wear in the vicinity of their ships. For more formal wear, the coat above with tails, cocked hat, and epaulets was still prescribed. This featured sleeve lace to denote rank: a braid for midshipmen and mates, two stripes for lieutenants, two stripes for commanders, and
1221:
The first uniforms of the Royal Navy were issued to commissioned officers only and consisted of a blue dress uniform or 'suit', which featured 'boot cuffs'; based upon formal court wear of the time, and a 'frock', which was a simpler uniform that featured 'mariners cuffs' which were used to turn
1230:
were only issued with a frock to act as an all-purpose uniform. This featured (from 1758) the white 'turnback' that is still used as rank insignia for midshipmen to the present day. Both the dress 'suit' and undress 'frock' uniforms were worn with blue breeches and black cocked hats; which were
1040:
Advancement into the petty officer positions required some level of technical skill. A ship's captain typically made petty officer appointments – sailors could also be "rated on the books" as a petty officer when a ship was in port searching for a crew
Honesty was implied, as a sailor falsely
205:
Over time, the nautical command structure merged these two separate command chains into a single entity with captain and lieutenant as commissioned officer ranks while sailing master (often shortened to simply "master") was seen as a type of warrant officer specializing in navigation and ship
2711:
1847 saw the adoption of a double-breasted frock coat, worn in undress that featured rank lace on the sleeves similar to the single-breasted frock coat of the 1820s and 30s. This could be worn either with the peaked cap or with the cocked hat, sword and sword belt for more formal occasions.
1255:
The next major change in Royal Navy uniforms occurred in 1767 when the dress uniform 'suit' was abolished, and the frock became an all-purpose uniform. This state of affairs continued until 1774; when the former frock became the full dress uniform, and a new working or 'undress' uniform was
2848:
Acting lieutenants were normally senior midshipman who were granted wardroom status due to their tenure and experience, although the designation was also extended on occasion to masters and master's mates. One historical case of a master's mate appointed as an acting lieutenant was that of
2502:
1843 saw the return of white facings to the full dress uniforms of commissioned officers. Lieutenants were granted two plain epaulettes in place of the former one.. Captains of less than 3 yrs seniority received a crown on the epaulette, as the plain anchor was given to the
Commander.
483:, was a charity that encouraged poor and destitute young boys to seek a better life in the navy. The society provided food, clothing and bedding, and an education which included basic seaman skills. At its peak, in the 1790s, it was providing 500 to 600 boys a year for the Royal Navy.
367:. This included both midshipmen, who were considered gentlemen and officers under instruction, and master's mates, who derived their status from their role as apprentices to the sailing master. A midshipman outranked most other petty officers and lesser warrant officers, such as the
467:
children would assist with the sowing and gathering crops while a chimney sweep's climbing boy might be as young as three or four. The view that child labour was both morally and legally acceptable was prevalent not just in
Britain but throughout the world's most advanced nations.
249:
were officially introduced. The epaulette style uniforms and insignia endured slight modifications and expansions until a final version appeared in 1846. In 1856, Royal Navy officer insignia shifted to the use of rank sleeve stripes – a pattern which has endured to the present day.
1056:
The title of commander was originally a temporary position for lieutenants placed in charge of smaller vessels. Successful commanders (who were known by courtesy on board their ships as "captain") could aspire for promotion to captain which was known as "making post". Such
1222:
back the cuffs of the coat when strenuous or dirty work was being done. The frock also featured (unlike the single-breasted suit) double-breasted lapels that could be worn either buttoned back or worn buttoned across the chest to protect the wearer from the elements.
233:
in 1748; this was in response to the naval officer corps wishing for an established uniform pertaining to their service. Officer uniforms were at first divided into a "best uniform", consisting of an embroidered blue coat with white facings worn unbuttoned with white
2771:
Some flag officers were not assigned to a squadron and thus were referred to simply by the generic title "admiral". Formally known as "admiral without distinction of a squadron", the common term for such officers was "yellow admiral". Still another title was
55:
1085:. Watches were stood 24 hours a day and divided into "watch sections" each of which was led by an "officer of the watch", typically a lieutenant, midshipman, or master's mate (the captain and master did not stand watch but were on call 24 hours a day)
409:, which maintained its hierarchy consisting of a watch captain in charge of a particular area of the ship. Grouped among the watches were also the landsmen, considered the absolute lowest rank in the Royal Navy and assigned to personnel, usually from
266:
1225:
Both the dress suit and frock worn by lieutenants were rather plain, the dress suit featuring plain white boot cuffs and the frock being plain blue with no other distinction. Although included in the 1748 dress regulations,
185:
to reduce fading caused by the rain and spray, with gold embroidery on the cuffs and standing collar to signify the officer's wealth and status. The early Royal Navy also had only three clearly established shipboard ranks:
1045:
remained with a vessel, and continued to be paid, during lay-up and maintenance, whereas the rest of the officers and crew would often be discharged and lose their income if they could not find another ship to join.
180:
Prior to the 1740s, Royal Navy officers and sailors had no established uniforms, although many of the officer class typically wore upper-class clothing with wigs to denote their social status. Coats were often
387:(all Midshipman would be 'rated able' at some point in their service – it was a requirement for them to have been so before they could stand as a Mate, another requirement for promotion to Lieutenant).
219:" and was functionally a permanent rank. The practice of appointing lieutenants to command smaller vessels continued, however, and the term "lieutenant commanding" eventually evolved into the rank of "
1049:
by the lieutenant's examination board. Board eligibility was most often achieved by serving as a midshipman, although the career path of a master or master's mate also permitted this opportunity.
2885:
Unlike modern day navies, the Royal Navy of the 18th and 19th century did not maintain a standing enlisted force. Sailors were signed onto ships in port in order to fill manning requirements.
332:
In the 18th century Royal Navy, rank and position on board ship was defined by a mix of two hierarchies, an official hierarchy of ranks and a conventionally recognized social divide between
102:
74:
1256:
introduced. Enlisted sailors had no established uniform, but were often issued standardised clothing by the ship on which they served to create a uniform appearance among seaman.
363:"Cockpit mate" was a colloquial term for petty officers who were considered gentlemen and officers under instruction and messed and berthed apart from the ordinary sailors in the
2764:
Situations did occur where flag officers would "jump" to a higher rank in a different squadron, without serving their time in each rank of each squadron. Such was the case with
202:, where a military company embarked on ship (led by a captain and a lieutenant) operated independently from the handling of the vessel, which was overseen by the ship's master.
81:
1286:, and Carpenters) being granted a standardised, plain blue uniform as well. Midshipmen's cuffs were changed from slashed cuffs to blue round cuffs with three buttons as well.
88:
360:
the crew. As such, they held a status separate from the other officers and were not granted the privileges of a commissioned or warrant officer if they were captured.
1053:
on to various vessels due to manpower needs. If a lieutenant could not find a billet, the officer was said to be on "half-pay" until a sea billet could be obtained.
70:
3439:
2177:
1825 saw the introduction of the 'undress tailcoat'; which was a blue tailcoat, similar to that worn by civilians at the time, that was worn with the epaulettes.
2876:
In some cases, surgeon's mates were appointed aboard by the commanding officer, usually in remote or distant settings where a formal appointment was not possible
1113:
board who did not stand watch was collective referred to as an "idler" but was still subject to muster when the "all hands on deck" was called by the boatswain.
379:
rating to distinguish their higher social standing from the ordinary sailors. Occasionally, a midshipman would be posted aboard a ship in a lower rating such as
3223:
N.A.M. Rodger (2001) Commissioned officers' careers in the Royal Navy, 1690–1815, Journal for
Maritime Research, 3:1, 85-129, DOI: 10.1080/21533369.2001.9668314
324:
2222:
95:
2753:
then be automatically promoted to rear admiral and assigned to the first of three coloured squadrons, these being the blue, white and red squadrons.
1940:
1606:
1359:
1081:
Royal Navy vessels operated on a number of parallel hierarchies in addition to formal ranks and positions, paramount of which was the vessel's
2582:
2336:
2264:
2257:
2014:
1933:
1599:
1352:
1125:, headed by a lieutenant or midshipman, mainly to muster, mess, and berth; divisions were typically present only on the larger rated vessels.
3415:
1243:
2250:
2243:
2236:
1926:
1919:
1592:
1585:
1345:
1338:
2792:
2271:
139:
2278:
3444:
3434:
2575:
2229:
3397:
3350:
3322:
2610:
2420:
2100:
1768:
1444:
1195:
348:
on board, the Sailing Master, Purser, Surgeon and Chaplain held a warrant from the Navy Board but not an actual commission from the
278:
121:
2830:
Commodores second class commanded their own vessels while commodores first class were appointed a captain to command their flagship
1521:
The most significant uniform change of the late 1700s was on 1 June 1795 when flag officers, captains and commanders were granted
134:
2724:
3367:
2285:
1062:
405:
Seamen were further divided into two grades, these being ordinary seaman and able seaman. Seamen were normally assigned to a
349:
59:
3312:
1687:
2715:
Sleeve stripes were introduced for full dress and on the undress tailcoat for all commissioned officers as well from 1856.
2350:
2028:
1680:
3097:
1121:
In addition to the standard watch organisation of a Royal Navy vessel, additional organisational hierarchies included the
226:
1954:
1620:
1373:
1205:
648:
304:
1089:
known as "topmen" and were considered the most experienced men aboard. In all, the six watch teams were as follows:
2761:(originally this rank wore the same insignia as a regular admiral – a special insignia was first created in 1843).
2533:
2294:
1972:
1638:
2568:
2561:
2554:
2329:
2322:
2315:
2007:
2000:
1993:
1912:
1666:
1659:
1578:
1331:
48:
2773:
2625:
2620:
2435:
2430:
2115:
2110:
1784:
1779:
1459:
1454:
633:
417:
2547:
2308:
1986:
1961:
1652:
1627:
1380:
2914:
1855:
3340:
2540:
2494:
In 1830, the facings of the full-dress coat were changed from white to scarlet. This was the case until 1843.
2403:
2301:
1979:
1947:
1645:
1613:
1366:
2396:
448:
2589:
2343:
2021:
1905:
1898:
1673:
1571:
1564:
1324:
1317:
2653:
2630:
2463:
2440:
2389:
2382:
2143:
2120:
1812:
1789:
1487:
1464:
987:
562:
528:
1847:
on the right-hand side. In 1812, the fouled anchor insignia on uniform buttons was topped with a crown.
455:
215:
seniority and privileges). By the 1790s, the "master and commander" was routinely shortened to simply "
164:
3142:
3072:
2758:
2739:
2647:
2641:
2615:
2457:
2451:
2425:
2137:
2131:
2105:
1806:
1800:
1774:
1481:
1475:
1449:
1041:
claiming experience in order to rate a billet on board ship would be quickly discovered once at sea.
552:
220:
1850:
3120:
3050:
2906:
2858:
2796:
2744:
1265:
was by stripes on the cuffs; three for Admirals, two for vice admirals, and one for rear admirals.
1122:
890:
1139:". Such vessels were usually permanently moored with masts and sails removed and manned only by a
416:
Enlisted seamen and marines discharged due to disability or advanced age could be admitted to the
2850:
977:
390:
The remainder of the ship's company, who lived and berthed in the common crew quarters, were the
380:
187:
169:
1862:
1528:
730:
242:, as well as a "working rig" which was a simpler, less embroidered uniform for day-to-day use.
3411:
3393:
3375:
3356:
3346:
3328:
3318:
2658:
2468:
2148:
1817:
1693:
1492:
663:
575:
536:
437:
384:
364:
211:
182:
3018:
2663:
2595:
2473:
2356:
2153:
2034:
1822:
1698:
1497:
1129:
1024:
709:
643:
420:. From 1805 until 1869, pensioners were issued with a distinctive uniform comprising a blue
2682:
1143:. In ordinary vessels did not maintain full watch sections and were normally maintained as
2687:
1169:
1158:
376:
372:
345:
286:
1194:
Royal Navy admiral insignia. The rank of "fleet admiral" was known in its full form of "
704:
Special grade reserved for master's mates who had passed the examination for lieutenant
1275:
1144:
997:
965:
845:
610:
603:
588:
476:
368:
230:
195:
1238:
752:
Only present on larger ships. Primary duty to instruct midshipmen in academic matters
3428:
2854:
2802:
2765:
2699:
1140:
1136:
1101:
880:
757:
491:
395:
391:
294:
282:
259:
navy regulations were generally considered of higher standing, even if not by rank.
2637:
2447:
2127:
1796:
1471:
1173:
Admiral Sir Peter Warren wearing the 1748-1767 pattern flag officer's dress uniform
1082:
1058:
480:
406:
341:
313:
173:
2694:
765:
A more senior cook and servant, usually reserved for flagships and larger vessels
156:
to create standardized rank and insignia system for use both at shore and at sea.
3387:
599:
No established uniform (recipients would wear the uniform of the last grade held)
486:
Once a boy, further advancement could be obtained through various specialties. A
320:. Uniforms of this pattern were regulation from 1840 until the late 20th century.
1152:
1105:
495:
433:
410:
309:
298:
245:
In 1767, the terms "dress" and "undress" uniform had been adopted and, by 1795,
199:
37:
1182:
2862:
2806:
2667:
2599:
2477:
2360:
2190:
2157:
2038:
1826:
1702:
1522:
1501:
1227:
1162:
1070:
1066:
1013:
Lowest possible position on board, normally held by boys 12 years or younger.
770:
673:
615:
499:
452:
421:
399:
317:
207:
191:
153:
498:
ended, the position of ship's boy became an actual Royal Navy rank known as "
336:
and non-gentlemen. Royal Navy ships were led by commissioned officers of the
3360:
3332:
1283:
1109:
807:
797:
487:
425:
333:
290:
246:
216:
143:
3379:
1190:
3039:
Jack Tar: Life in Nelson's Navy (2008), by Roy and Leslie Adkins, page 389
265:
870:
838:
820:
658:
429:
337:
239:
235:
142:, wearing a vice admiral's full dress coat with late 18th century style
2839:
After 1795 (Commander) and 1812 (Lieutenant), blue coat with epaulettes
1232:
340:, which consisted of the captain, his lieutenants, as well as embarked
168:
Naval officers' uniforms of the early 18th century, as worn by Admiral
1135:
A unique readiness condition of some Royal Navy vessels was known as "
172:, were based on contemporary civilian patterns and usually included a
71:"Royal Navy ranks, rates, and uniforms of the 18th and 19th centuries"
17:
1279:
628:
459:
353:
344:
officers, all of whom were officers and gentlemen. The higher ranked
2776:
which was the title for the senior naval officer of a British port.
2060:
2 gold stripes on blue cuff with gold buttons and lined button holes
2055:
3 gold stripes on blue cuff with gold buttons and lined button holes
2050:
3 gold stripes on blue cuff with gold buttons and lined button holes
1724:
2 gold stripes on blue cuff with gold buttons and lined button holes
1719:
3 gold stripes on blue cuff with gold buttons and lined button holes
1714:
3 gold stripes on blue cuff with gold buttons and lined button holes
150:
Royal Navy ranks, rates, and uniforms of the 18th and 19th centuries
2070:
1 gold stripe on blue cuff with gold buttons and lined button holes
2065:
1 gold stripe on blue cuff with gold buttons and lined button holes
1734:
1 gold stripe on blue cuff with gold buttons and lined button holes
1729:
1 gold stripe on blue cuff with gold buttons and lined button holes
490:
assisted with the ship's kitchen, as well as other duties, while a
2743:
2693:
2681:
1861:
1849:
1527:
1237:
1204:
1189:
1181:
1168:
1157:
1148:
1023:
447:
323:
303:
277:
163:
133:
2702:
wearing the 1843-1846 pattern undress tailcoat with cocked hat
2690:
wearing the 1843-1846 pattern undress tailcoat with peaked cap
31:
885:
Helmsman on board the ship serving watch at the ship's wheel
570:
Non-rated ship captain. (Full title "master and commander")
1104:
handled the navigation and steering of the vessel from the
547:
Special grade for captains in charge of multiple vessels
328:
Turn of the century sailors in the white tropical uniform
2918:
2950:
2948:
1069:, for instance, was generally junior to a captain of a
1028:
Illustrated commission path for a Royal Navy lieutenant
475:
son of an officer, but this rule was often broken. The
1246:
wearing the 1748-1767 pattern 'frock' or undress coat.
383:
but would eat and sleep with his social equals in the
865:
Yeoman of the sheets & yeoman of the powder room
1209:
File:Timeline of the Royal Navy uniforms (1787-1833)
371:. Boys aspiring for a commission were often called
62:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
3408:The Wooden World - An Anatomy of the Georgian Navy
198:. This simplicity of rank had its origins in the
1165:wearing a 1770s era Royal Navy captain's uniform
3342:Nelson's Navy: The Ships, Men and Organization
2090:White cuff with buttons and lined button holes
1754:White cuff with buttons and lined button holes
1431:White cuff with buttons and lined button holes
1416:2 gold stripes on white cuff with gold buttons
1401:2 gold stripes on white cuff with gold buttons
1396:3 gold stripes on white cuff with gold buttons
1391:3 gold stripes on white cuff with gold buttons
1093:Aloft: Fore topmen, main topmen, mizzen topmen
2990:
2954:
1421:1 gold stripe on white cuff with gold buttons
1411:1 gold stripe on white cuff with gold buttons
1406:1 gold stripe on white cuff with gold buttons
982:Seaman with more than three years experience
911:Experienced seaman in charge of a watch team
8:
1426:1 gold stripe on blue cuff with gold buttons
775:Normally an older retired or injured seaman
638:Ship's accountant, responsible for supplies
3311:Blake, Nicholas; Lawrence, Richard (2005),
3232:
3098:"The Struggle for Democracy - Child Labour"
1061:were then assigned to-rated vessels in the
3314:The Illustrated Companion to Nelson's Navy
3245:
3243:
3241:
3001:
2999:
1858:wearing the 1812-1825 pattern undress coat
1096:Deck: Forecastle men, waisters, afterguard
1002:Seaman with less than one year experience
687:Blue frock coat, white button collar patch
413:, who held little to no naval experience.
3174:
3172:
992:Seaman with at least one year experience
122:Learn how and when to remove this message
3345:, Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press,
3143:"Child Labour in Historical Perspective"
3073:"Child Labour in Historical Perspective"
623:Highest ranked warrant officer on board
544:Blue frock coat with gold laced buttons.
504:
494:helped in the ship's armoury. After the
356:, received their own regulated uniform.
3266:
3264:
2898:
2785:
2748:Promotion path of British flag officers
714:Could also be rated as "second master"
3440:19th-century history of the Royal Navy
2978:
895:Worked directly for the ship's purser
620:Blue frock coat with gold Navy buttons
3100:. House of Lords Records office. 1996
3005:
2966:
2939:
2821:After 1795, blue coat with epaulettes
229:first issued uniform regulations for
7:
3374:, London: George Allen & Unwin,
3051:"Childhood and Childrens Literature"
3021:. Pitcairn Island Study Center. 2008
2795:served as an able seaman aboard the
2189:In 1829, however, a single-breasted
802:Most experienced deck seaman aboard
210:was introduced, which was a type of
60:adding citations to reliable sources
1037:as able seaman on various vessels.
875:Deck hand specialist petty officer
792:In charge of all ship's armaments
25:
789:Blue frock coat with Navy buttons
567:Blue frock coat white waist coat.
458:wearing the single breasted blue
436:similar to those issued to their
3258:Blake & Lawrence pp. 74 - 79
2805:served as an able seaman aboard
2725:Royal Navy officer rank insignia
2588:
2581:
2574:
2567:
2560:
2553:
2546:
2539:
2532:
2402:
2395:
2388:
2381:
2349:
2342:
2335:
2328:
2321:
2314:
2307:
2300:
2293:
2284:
2277:
2270:
2263:
2256:
2249:
2242:
2235:
2228:
2221:
2027:
2020:
2013:
2006:
1999:
1992:
1985:
1978:
1971:
1960:
1953:
1946:
1939:
1932:
1925:
1918:
1911:
1904:
1897:
1686:
1679:
1672:
1665:
1658:
1651:
1644:
1637:
1626:
1619:
1612:
1605:
1598:
1591:
1584:
1577:
1570:
1563:
1379:
1372:
1365:
1358:
1351:
1344:
1337:
1330:
1323:
1316:
1231:gold-laced and featured a black
903:Assistant to the master-at-arms
786:Shipboard appointment by captain
725:Ship's medic on smaller vessels
264:
152:were the original effort of the
36:
3121:"Chimney Sweeps' Climbing Boys"
1063:rating system of the Royal Navy
701:Blue frock coat with white trim
681:Various methods for appointment
668:Only present on larger vessels
583:Division officer/watch officer
206:handling. In 1758, the rank of
47:needs additional citations for
2080:2 gold stripes on slashed cuff
2075:2 gold stripes on slashed cuff
1744:2 gold stripes on slashed cuff
1739:2 gold stripes on slashed cuff
812:Shipboard issued crew clothing
744:Clerical duties on board ship
1:
3249:Blake & Lawrence pp.75-79
2085:1 gold stripe on slashed cuff
1866:Royal Navy uniforms 1812-1825
1749:1 gold stripe on slashed cuff
1532:Royal Navy uniforms 1795-1812
815:Head of the carpenter's team
3392:, London: Salamander Books,
2410:1 line of gold braid on cuff
1186:Royal Navy shoulder insignia
1005:
995:
985:
975:
970:
963:
952:
947:
942:
937:
932:
927:
922:
914:
906:
898:
888:
878:
868:
858:
850:
843:
836:
831:
818:
805:
795:
778:
768:
755:
747:
728:
717:
707:
693:
671:
656:
641:
626:
608:
586:
573:
560:
550:
526:
438:army counterparts at Chelsea
762:Crew's messing and berthing
690:Officer candidate position
3461:
3297:Blake & Lawrence p. 68
3288:Blake & Lawrence p. 77
3279:Blake & Lawrence p. 73
3270:Blake & Lawrence p. 70
3196:Blake & Lawrence p. 72
3078:. UNICEF. 1996. p. 41
2907:"National Maritime Museum"
2737:
2722:
1108:. Furthermore, the ship's
824:
811:
785:
761:
738:Typically hired by captain
557:Vessel commanding officer
424:with brass buttons, white
3445:British military uniforms
3435:History of the Royal Navy
3410:. London: Fontana Press.
3386:O'Neill, Richard (2003),
3148:. UNICEF. 1996. p. 8
2991:Blake & Lawrence 2005
2955:Blake & Lawrence 2005
2524:
2517:
2514:
2511:
2215:
2208:
2205:
2202:
1891:
1884:
1881:
1878:
1557:
1550:
1547:
1544:
1310:
1303:
1300:
1297:
1020:Promotion and advancement
959:
956:
918:
827:
788:
782:
740:
737:
734:
700:
697:
683:
680:
619:
592:
579:
566:
543:
540:
535:
532:
418:Royal Hospital, Greenwich
3406:Roger, N. A. M. (1986).
2915:National Maritime Museum
2857:much to the derision of
2650:(under 3 yrs seniority)
2633:(wears R. Adm. uniform)
2460:(under 3 yrs seniority)
2443:(wears R. Adm. uniform)
2140:(under 3 yrs seniority)
2123:(wears R. Adm. uniform)
1856:Sir George Ralph Collier
1809:(under 3 yrs seniority)
1792:(wears R. Adm. uniform)
1484:(under 3 yrs seniority)
1467:(wears R. Adm. uniform)
1100:A special watch team of
855:Mid-grade petty officer
444:Minors in the Royal Navy
402:to denote their status.
2644:(over 3 yrs seniority)
2454:(over 3 yrs seniority)
2134:(over 3 yrs seniority)
1803:(over 3 yrs seniority)
1478:(over 3 yrs seniority)
653:Ship's medical officer
308:Enlisted Victorian era
3389:Patrick O'Brian's Navy
3372:England's Sea-Officers
3339:Lavery, Brian (1989),
3119:Jessica Brain (2021).
2749:
2703:
2691:
2464:Master & Commander
2144:Master & Commander
1867:
1859:
1813:Master & Commander
1533:
1488:Master & Commander
1436:Blue cuff with buttons
1247:
1210:
1199:
1187:
1178:Chronology of uniforms
1174:
1166:
1029:
828:Senior petty officers
517:Messing & berthing
463:
462:with white collar tabs
329:
321:
301:
177:
146:
3049:Emma Griffin (2014).
2747:
2697:
2685:
1865:
1853:
1531:
1241:
1208:
1193:
1185:
1172:
1161:
1117:Quarters and stations
1027:
949:Quartermaster's mate
919:Junior petty officer
479:, founded in 1756 by
456:Henry William Baynton
451:
432:, black shoes, and a
327:
307:
281:
167:
137:
27:British naval history
2759:admiral of the fleet
2740:Admiral (Royal Navy)
2611:Admiral of the Fleet
2421:Admiral of the Fleet
2101:Admiral of the Fleet
1769:Admiral of the Fleet
1445:Admiral of the Fleet
1244:Sir Charles Saunders
1196:admiral of the fleet
1033:officers' servants.
533:Commissioned officer
221:lieutenant commander
56:improve this article
3317:, Stackpole Books,
2921:on 12 December 2011
960:Seaman specialists
722:Sick and Hurt Board
649:Sick and Hurt Board
312:uniform comprising
274:Shipboard hierarchy
254:Ranks and positions
2851:Fletcher Christian
2750:
2704:
2692:
1868:
1860:
1534:
1248:
1211:
1200:
1188:
1175:
1167:
1083:watch organization
1077:Watch organization
1030:
464:
330:
322:
302:
178:
170:Cloudesley Shovell
147:
3417:978-0-00-686152-2
3053:. British Library
2677:
2676:
2487:
2486:
2167:
2166:
1836:
1835:
1511:
1510:
1017:
1016:
972:Carpenter's crew
944:Sailmaker's mate
939:Carpenter's mate
929:Boatswain's mate
741:Civilian clothing
695:Midshipman's mate
664:Church of England
634:Victualling Board
589:Acting lieutenant
514:Appointing Agency
375:instead of their
212:officer candidate
132:
131:
124:
106:
16:(Redirected from
3452:
3421:
3402:
3382:
3363:
3335:
3298:
3295:
3289:
3286:
3280:
3277:
3271:
3268:
3259:
3256:
3250:
3247:
3236:
3230:
3224:
3221:
3215:
3212:
3206:
3203:
3197:
3194:
3188:
3185:
3179:
3176:
3167:
3164:
3158:
3157:
3155:
3153:
3147:
3139:
3133:
3132:
3130:
3128:
3116:
3110:
3109:
3107:
3105:
3094:
3088:
3087:
3085:
3083:
3077:
3069:
3063:
3062:
3060:
3058:
3046:
3040:
3037:
3031:
3030:
3028:
3026:
3015:
3009:
3003:
2994:
2988:
2982:
2976:
2970:
2964:
2958:
2952:
2943:
2937:
2931:
2930:
2928:
2926:
2917:. Archived from
2903:
2886:
2883:
2877:
2874:
2868:
2861:, master of the
2846:
2840:
2837:
2831:
2828:
2822:
2819:
2813:
2790:
2592:
2585:
2578:
2571:
2564:
2557:
2550:
2543:
2536:
2518:Junior officers
2515:Senior officers
2506:
2505:
2411:
2406:
2399:
2392:
2385:
2353:
2346:
2339:
2332:
2325:
2318:
2311:
2304:
2297:
2288:
2281:
2274:
2267:
2260:
2253:
2246:
2239:
2232:
2225:
2209:Junior officers
2206:Senior officers
2197:
2196:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2031:
2024:
2017:
2010:
2003:
1996:
1989:
1982:
1975:
1964:
1957:
1950:
1943:
1936:
1929:
1922:
1915:
1908:
1901:
1885:Junior officers
1882:Senior officers
1873:
1872:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1690:
1683:
1676:
1669:
1662:
1655:
1648:
1641:
1630:
1623:
1616:
1609:
1602:
1595:
1588:
1581:
1574:
1567:
1551:Junior officers
1548:Senior officers
1539:
1538:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1383:
1376:
1369:
1362:
1355:
1348:
1341:
1334:
1327:
1320:
1304:Junior officers
1301:Senior officers
1292:
1291:
783:Standing officer
505:
346:warrant officers
268:
127:
120:
116:
113:
107:
105:
64:
40:
32:
21:
3460:
3459:
3455:
3454:
3453:
3451:
3450:
3449:
3425:
3424:
3418:
3405:
3400:
3385:
3366:
3353:
3338:
3325:
3310:
3307:
3302:
3301:
3296:
3292:
3287:
3283:
3278:
3274:
3269:
3262:
3257:
3253:
3248:
3239:
3231:
3227:
3222:
3218:
3213:
3209:
3204:
3200:
3195:
3191:
3186:
3182:
3177:
3170:
3165:
3161:
3151:
3149:
3145:
3141:
3140:
3136:
3126:
3124:
3118:
3117:
3113:
3103:
3101:
3096:
3095:
3091:
3081:
3079:
3075:
3071:
3070:
3066:
3056:
3054:
3048:
3047:
3043:
3038:
3034:
3024:
3022:
3019:"Pitcairn Crew"
3017:
3016:
3012:
3004:
2997:
2989:
2985:
2977:
2973:
2965:
2961:
2953:
2946:
2938:
2934:
2924:
2922:
2905:
2904:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2889:
2884:
2880:
2875:
2871:
2853:, appointed by
2847:
2843:
2838:
2834:
2829:
2825:
2820:
2816:
2791:
2787:
2782:
2742:
2736:
2727:
2721:
2709:
2688:Francis Crozier
2679:
2500:
2492:
2409:
2183:
2175:
2169:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
1870:
1844:
1838:
1771:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1536:
1519:
1513:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1289:
1271:
1262:
1253:
1219:
1213:
1202:
1180:
1145:receiving ships
1130:Action Stations
1119:
1079:
1022:
988:Ordinary seaman
934:Caulker's mate
916:Armourer's mate
900:Ship's corporal
864:
731:Captain's Clerk
678:Cockpit officer
602:Later known as
593:Warrant officer
446:
373:young gentlemen
287:Napoleonic Wars
276:
271:
270:
269:
256:
162:
128:
117:
111:
108:
65:
63:
53:
41:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3458:
3456:
3448:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3427:
3426:
3423:
3422:
3416:
3403:
3398:
3383:
3368:Lewis, Michael
3364:
3351:
3336:
3323:
3306:
3303:
3300:
3299:
3290:
3281:
3272:
3260:
3251:
3237:
3225:
3216:
3207:
3198:
3189:
3180:
3168:
3159:
3134:
3111:
3089:
3064:
3041:
3032:
3010:
2995:
2983:
2971:
2959:
2944:
2932:
2897:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2888:
2887:
2878:
2869:
2841:
2832:
2823:
2814:
2793:Horatio Nelson
2784:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2738:Main article:
2735:
2732:
2723:Main article:
2720:
2717:
2708:
2705:
2675:
2674:
2671:
2670:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2645:
2634:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2605:
2604:
2602:
2593:
2586:
2579:
2572:
2565:
2558:
2551:
2544:
2537:
2530:
2528:
2522:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2513:
2512:Flag officers
2510:
2499:
2496:
2491:
2488:
2485:
2484:
2481:
2480:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2455:
2444:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2415:
2414:
2412:
2407:
2400:
2393:
2386:
2379:
2377:
2375:
2373:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2365:
2363:
2354:
2347:
2340:
2333:
2326:
2319:
2312:
2305:
2298:
2290:
2289:
2282:
2275:
2268:
2261:
2254:
2247:
2240:
2233:
2226:
2219:
2213:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2204:
2203:Flag officers
2201:
2182:
2179:
2174:
2171:
2165:
2164:
2161:
2160:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2135:
2124:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2095:
2094:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2044:
2043:
2041:
2032:
2025:
2018:
2011:
2004:
1997:
1990:
1983:
1976:
1968:
1967:
1965:
1958:
1951:
1944:
1937:
1930:
1923:
1916:
1909:
1902:
1895:
1889:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1880:
1879:Flag officers
1877:
1843:
1840:
1834:
1833:
1830:
1829:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1804:
1793:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1766:
1763:
1762:
1759:
1758:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1708:
1707:
1705:
1696:
1691:
1684:
1677:
1670:
1663:
1656:
1649:
1642:
1634:
1633:
1631:
1624:
1617:
1610:
1603:
1596:
1589:
1582:
1575:
1568:
1561:
1555:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1546:
1545:Flag officers
1543:
1518:
1515:
1509:
1508:
1505:
1504:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1479:
1468:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1439:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1387:
1386:
1384:
1377:
1370:
1363:
1356:
1349:
1342:
1335:
1328:
1321:
1314:
1308:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1299:
1298:Flag officers
1296:
1270:
1267:
1261:
1258:
1252:
1249:
1218:
1215:
1179:
1176:
1118:
1115:
1102:quartermasters
1098:
1097:
1094:
1078:
1075:
1021:
1018:
1015:
1014:
1011:
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1003:
1000:
994:
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984:
983:
980:
974:
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968:
966:Quarter gunner
962:
961:
958:
955:
951:
950:
946:
945:
941:
940:
936:
935:
931:
930:
926:
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924:Gunner's mate
921:
920:
917:
913:
912:
909:
908:Watch captains
905:
904:
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893:
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867:
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861:
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846:Master-at-arms
842:
841:
835:
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830:
829:
826:
823:
817:
816:
813:
810:
804:
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781:
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750:
749:School teacher
746:
745:
742:
739:
736:
733:
727:
726:
723:
720:
719:Surgeon's mate
716:
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712:
706:
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699:
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631:
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621:
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613:
607:
606:
604:sub-lieutenant
600:
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596:Ship's captain
594:
591:
585:
584:
581:
578:
572:
571:
568:
565:
559:
558:
555:
549:
548:
545:
542:
539:
534:
531:
525:
524:
521:
518:
515:
512:
509:
477:Marine Society
445:
442:
392:petty officers
369:Master-at-arms
275:
272:
263:
262:
261:
255:
252:
231:naval officers
161:
158:
130:
129:
44:
42:
35:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3457:
3446:
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3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3432:
3430:
3419:
3413:
3409:
3404:
3401:
3399:0-7624-1540-1
3395:
3391:
3390:
3384:
3381:
3377:
3373:
3369:
3365:
3362:
3358:
3354:
3352:0-87021-258-3
3348:
3344:
3343:
3337:
3334:
3330:
3326:
3324:0-8117-3275-4
3320:
3316:
3315:
3309:
3308:
3304:
3294:
3291:
3285:
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3276:
3273:
3267:
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3261:
3255:
3252:
3246:
3244:
3242:
3238:
3234:
3229:
3226:
3220:
3217:
3214:Lavery p. 124
3211:
3208:
3202:
3199:
3193:
3190:
3187:Rodger p. 263
3184:
3181:
3178:Lavery p. 138
3175:
3173:
3169:
3166:Lavery p. 129
3163:
3160:
3144:
3138:
3135:
3123:. Historic UK
3122:
3115:
3112:
3099:
3093:
3090:
3074:
3068:
3065:
3052:
3045:
3042:
3036:
3033:
3020:
3014:
3011:
3008:, p. 267
3007:
3002:
3000:
2996:
2992:
2987:
2984:
2981:, p. 270
2980:
2975:
2972:
2969:, p. 270
2968:
2963:
2960:
2956:
2951:
2949:
2945:
2942:, p. 228
2941:
2936:
2933:
2920:
2916:
2912:
2911:www.nmm.ac.uk
2908:
2902:
2899:
2892:
2882:
2879:
2873:
2870:
2866:
2865:
2860:
2856:
2855:William Bligh
2852:
2845:
2842:
2836:
2833:
2827:
2824:
2818:
2815:
2811:
2810:
2804:
2803:Peter Heywood
2800:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2786:
2779:
2777:
2775:
2769:
2767:
2766:William Bligh
2762:
2760:
2754:
2746:
2741:
2734:Flag officers
2733:
2731:
2726:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2706:
2701:
2700:John Franklin
2696:
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2019:
2016:
2012:
2009:
2005:
2002:
1998:
1995:
1991:
1988:
1984:
1981:
1977:
1974:
1970:
1969:
1966:
1963:
1959:
1956:
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1942:
1938:
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1197:
1192:
1184:
1177:
1171:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1141:skeleton crew
1138:
1133:
1131:
1126:
1124:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1095:
1092:
1091:
1090:
1086:
1084:
1076:
1074:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1059:post captains
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1026:
1019:
1012:
1009:
1006:
1001:
999:
996:
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986:
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938:
933:
928:
923:
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910:
907:
902:
899:
894:
892:
889:
884:
882:
881:Quartermaster
879:
874:
872:
869:
863:Two on board:
862:
859:
854:
851:
847:
844:
840:
837:
832:
825:Petty officer
822:
819:
814:
809:
806:
801:
799:
796:
791:
779:
774:
772:
769:
764:
759:
756:
751:
748:
743:
732:
729:
724:
721:
718:
713:
711:
710:Master's mate
708:
703:
694:
689:
686:
677:
675:
672:
667:
665:
662:
660:
657:
652:
650:
647:
645:
642:
637:
635:
632:
630:
627:
622:
617:
614:
612:
609:
605:
601:
598:
595:
590:
587:
582:
577:
574:
569:
564:
561:
556:
554:
551:
546:
538:
530:
527:
522:
519:
516:
513:
510:
507:
506:
503:
501:
497:
493:
492:powder monkey
489:
484:
482:
478:
472:
468:
461:
457:
454:
450:
443:
441:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
414:
412:
408:
403:
401:
397:
393:
388:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
361:
357:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
326:
319:
315:
311:
306:
300:
296:
295:reefer jacket
292:
288:
284:
283:Petty officer
280:
273:
267:
260:
253:
251:
248:
243:
241:
237:
232:
228:
224:
222:
218:
213:
209:
203:
201:
197:
193:
189:
184:
175:
171:
166:
159:
157:
155:
151:
145:
141:
140:Edward Pellew
136:
126:
123:
115:
104:
101:
97:
94:
90:
87:
83:
80:
76:
73: –
72:
68:
67:Find sources:
61:
57:
51:
50:
45:This article
43:
39:
34:
33:
30:
19:
3407:
3388:
3371:
3341:
3313:
3293:
3284:
3275:
3254:
3235:, p. 75
3233:O'Neill 2003
3228:
3219:
3210:
3205:Rodger p. 27
3201:
3192:
3183:
3162:
3152:10 September
3150:. Retrieved
3137:
3127:10 September
3125:. Retrieved
3114:
3104:10 September
3102:. Retrieved
3092:
3082:10 September
3080:. Retrieved
3067:
3057:10 September
3055:. Retrieved
3044:
3035:
3023:. Retrieved
3013:
2993:, p. 72
2986:
2974:
2962:
2957:, p. 71
2935:
2923:. Retrieved
2919:the original
2910:
2901:
2881:
2872:
2863:
2844:
2835:
2826:
2817:
2808:
2797:
2788:
2774:port admiral
2770:
2763:
2755:
2751:
2728:
2714:
2710:
2698:Captain Sir
2678:
2626:Rear admiral
2621:Vice admiral
2525:
2501:
2493:
2436:Rear admiral
2431:Vice admiral
2216:
2188:
2184:
2176:
2168:
2116:Rear admiral
2111:Vice admiral
1892:
1869:
1845:
1837:
1785:Rear admiral
1780:Vice admiral
1558:
1535:
1520:
1512:
1460:Rear admiral
1455:Vice admiral
1311:
1288:
1278:, Surgeons,
1272:
1263:
1254:
1224:
1220:
1212:
1201:
1153:prison ships
1134:
1127:
1120:
1099:
1087:
1080:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
698:Cockpit mate
485:
481:Jonas Hanway
473:
469:
465:
415:
404:
389:
362:
358:
342:Royal Marine
331:
314:bell bottoms
257:
244:
225:
204:
179:
174:powdered wig
149:
148:
118:
109:
99:
92:
85:
78:
66:
54:Please help
49:verification
46:
29:
2979:Lavery 1989
2509:Rank group
2200:Rank group
1876:Rank group
1542:Rank group
1295:Rank group
1137:in ordinary
1106:quarterdeck
978:Able seaman
541:Great Cabin
496:Age of Sail
434:tricorn hat
411:press gangs
381:able seaman
377:substantive
299:neckerchief
200:Middle Ages
3429:Categories
3006:Lewis 1939
2967:Lewis 1939
2940:Lewis 1939
2925:31 January
2893:References
2859:John Fryer
2719:After 1856
2668:Midshipman
2659:Lieutenant
2600:Midshipman
2478:Midshipman
2469:Lieutenant
2361:Midshipman
2191:frock coat
2158:Midshipman
2149:Lieutenant
2039:Midshipman
1827:Midshipman
1818:Lieutenant
1703:Midshipman
1694:Lieutenant
1523:epaulettes
1502:Midshipman
1493:Lieutenant
1284:Boatswains
1228:midshipmen
1163:James Cook
1128:The term "
1071:first-rate
1067:sixth rate
833:Ropemaker
674:Midshipman
616:Navy Board
576:Lieutenant
500:boy seaman
453:Midshipman
430:pantaloons
422:frock coat
400:frock coat
318:sailor cap
310:square rig
247:epaulettes
227:Lord Anson
208:midshipman
192:lieutenant
154:Royal Navy
144:epaulettes
82:newspapers
2707:1846-1856
2654:Commander
2631:Commodore
2526:1843-1864
2498:1843-1846
2490:1830-1843
2441:Commodore
2217:1827-1841
2181:1827-1830
2173:1825-1827
2121:Commodore
1893:1812-1825
1842:1812-1827
1790:Commodore
1559:1795-1812
1517:1795–1812
1465:Commodore
1312:1787-1795
1269:1787–1795
1260:1774–1787
1251:1767–1774
1110:boatswain
852:Sailmaker
808:Carpenter
798:Boatswain
563:Commander
537:Admiralty
529:Commodore
488:cabin boy
426:waistcoat
334:gentlemen
291:straw hat
240:stockings
217:commander
183:dark blue
112:June 2022
3370:(1939),
3361:20997619
3333:70659490
3025:28 April
2798:Seahorse
2686:Captain
1854:Captain
1242:Admiral
1147:, shore
1123:division
998:Landsman
954:Gunsmith
871:Coxswain
821:Armourer
735:Civilian
659:Chaplain
580:Wardroom
508:Position
338:wardroom
289:wearing
236:breeches
3380:1084558
3305:Sources
2648:Captain
2642:Captain
2616:Admiral
2458:Captain
2452:Captain
2426:Admiral
2138:Captain
2132:Captain
2106:Admiral
1807:Captain
1801:Captain
1775:Admiral
1482:Captain
1476:Captain
1450:Admiral
1280:Pursers
1276:Masters
1233:cockade
1217:1748–67
1010:Servant
839:Caulker
758:Steward
684:Cockpit
644:Surgeon
553:Captain
520:Uniform
385:cockpit
365:cockpit
354:pursers
285:of the
188:captain
160:History
96:scholar
3414:
3396:
3378:
3359:
3349:
3331:
3321:
2864:Bounty
2809:Bounty
2801:, and
1149:barges
957:Seaman
891:Cooper
860:Yeoman
780:Gunner
629:Purser
611:Master
523:Notes
511:Status
460:coatee
396:seamen
196:master
194:, and
98:
91:
84:
77:
69:
18:Topmen
3146:(PDF)
3076:(PDF)
2780:Notes
1151:, or
407:watch
350:Crown
103:JSTOR
89:books
3412:ISBN
3394:ISBN
3376:OCLC
3357:OCLC
3347:ISBN
3329:OCLC
3319:ISBN
3154:2022
3129:2022
3106:2022
3084:2022
3059:2022
3027:2010
2927:2015
2807:HMS
2664:Mate
2638:Post
2596:Mate
2474:Mate
2448:Post
2357:Mate
2154:Mate
2128:Post
2035:Mate
1823:Mate
1797:Post
1699:Mate
1498:Mate
1472:Post
771:Cook
428:and
394:and
316:and
297:and
238:and
138:Sir
75:news
1007:Boy
502:".
223:."
58:by
3431::
3355:,
3327:,
3263:^
3240:^
3171:^
2998:^
2947:^
2913:.
2909:.
2640:)
2450:)
2130:)
1799:)
1474:)
1282:,
1235:.
1198:".
1155:.
1073:.
440:.
293:,
190:,
3420:.
3156:.
3131:.
3108:.
3086:.
3061:.
3029:.
2929:.
2867:.
2812:.
2666:/
2636:(
2598:/
2476:/
2446:(
2359:/
2156:/
2126:(
2037:/
1825:/
1795:(
1701:/
1500:/
1470:(
1274:(
176:.
125:)
119:(
114:)
110:(
100:·
93:·
86:·
79:·
52:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
