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For instance,there are indications that both D1 and D2 receptors can trans-activate the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) receptor in neurons (Swift et al., 2011). These two dopamine receptors can also regulate calcium channels through a direct protein–protein interaction in vivo (Kisilevsky
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of a gene, the transcription factor causes that gene to be expressed. The expression of one transactivator gene can activate multiple genes, as long as they have the same, specific promoter region attached. Because the expression of the transactivator gene can be controlled, transactivation can be
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are just two of the many viruses that encode transactivators to enhance viral gene expression. These transactivators can also be linked to cancer if they start interacting with, and increasing expression of, a cellular
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and
Zamponi, 2008; Kisilevsky et al., 2008). Direct interaction of D1 and D2 receptors and Na+-K+-ATPase has also been demonstrated (Hazelwood et al., 2008; Blom et al., 2012).
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Artificial transactivation of a gene is achieved by inserting it into the genome at the appropriate area as transactivator gene adjoined to special promoter regions of
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triggered either by biological processes or by artificial means, through the expression of an intermediate transactivator protein.
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occurs when one or more receptors activate yet another; receptor transactivation may result from the
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Transactivation can be triggered either by endogenous cellular or viral proteins, also called
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a transcription factor that binds to specific promoter region of DNA. By binding to the
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used to turn genes on and off. If this specific promoter region is also attached to a
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Beaulieu JM, Espinoza S, Gainetdinov RR (January 2015).
91:. HTLV, for instance, has been associated with causing
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and via the increased expression of these stimulatory
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primarily through this process. Its transactivator,
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52:G protein–coupled receptor hetero-oligomer
290:at the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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183:Selective glucocorticoid receptor agonist
233:"Dopamine receptors - IUPHAR Review 13"
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27:In the context of gene regulation:
54:subunits, among other mechanisms.
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206:"receptor transactivation"
155:. The transactivator gene
147:Artificial transactivation
66:. These protein factors
31:is the increased rate of
292:Medical Subject Headings
58:Natural transactivation
137:transcription factors
114:interleukin receptors
50:or the activation of
122:transcription factor
104:can interact with
48:signaling cascades
308:Molecular biology
249:10.1111/bph.12906
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243:(1): 1–23.
189:References
157:expresses
133:cytokines
44:crosstalk
302:Category
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172:See also
141:lymphoma
120:and the
93:leukemia
258:4280963
216:6 April
129:T-cells
294:(MeSH)
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118:GM-CSF
125:c-Fos
263:PMID
218:2015
210:EMBL
135:and
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