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For instance,there are indications that both D1 and D2 receptors can trans-activate the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) receptor in neurons (Swift et al., 2011). These two dopamine receptors can also regulate calcium channels through a direct protein–protein interaction in vivo (Kisilevsky
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of a gene, the transcription factor causes that gene to be expressed. The expression of one transactivator gene can activate multiple genes, as long as they have the same, specific promoter region attached. Because the expression of the transactivator gene can be controlled, transactivation can be
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are just two of the many viruses that encode transactivators to enhance viral gene expression. These transactivators can also be linked to cancer if they start interacting with, and increasing expression of, a cellular
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and
Zamponi, 2008; Kisilevsky et al., 2008). Direct interaction of D1 and D2 receptors and Na+-K+-ATPase has also been demonstrated (Hazelwood et al., 2008; Blom et al., 2012).
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Artificial transactivation of a gene is achieved by inserting it into the genome at the appropriate area as transactivator gene adjoined to special promoter regions of
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triggered either by biological processes or by artificial means, through the expression of an intermediate transactivator protein.
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occurs when one or more receptors activate yet another; receptor transactivation may result from the
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Transactivation can be triggered either by endogenous cellular or viral proteins, also called
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a transcription factor that binds to specific promoter region of DNA. By binding to the
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used to turn genes on and off. If this specific promoter region is also attached to a
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Beaulieu JM, Espinoza S, Gainetdinov RR (January 2015).
80:. HTLV, for instance, has been associated with causing
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and via the increased expression of these stimulatory
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primarily through this process. Its transactivator,
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41:G protein–coupled receptor hetero-oligomer
279:at the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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172:Selective glucocorticoid receptor agonist
222:"Dopamine receptors - IUPHAR Review 13"
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27:In the context of receptor signaling,
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16:In the context of gene regulation:
43:subunits, among other mechanisms.
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97:, inducing overexpression of
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195:"receptor transactivation"
144:. The transactivator gene
136:Artificial transactivation
55:. These protein factors
20:is the increased rate of
281:Medical Subject Headings
47:Natural transactivation
126:transcription factors
103:interleukin receptors
39:or the activation of
111:transcription factor
93:can interact with
37:signaling cascades
297:Molecular biology
238:10.1111/bph.12906
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167:Transrepression
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29:transactivation
22:gene expression
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232:(1): 1–23.
178:References
146:expresses
122:cytokines
33:crosstalk
291:Category
256:25671228
161:See also
130:lymphoma
109:and the
82:leukemia
247:4280963
205:6 April
118:T-cells
283:(MeSH)
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107:GM-CSF
114:c-Fos
252:PMID
207:2015
199:EMBL
124:and
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71:and
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87:Tax
69:HIV
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