873:
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Local trains however are subsidised by the German states, which pay the operating companies to run these trains and indeed in 2013, 59% of the cost of short-distance passenger rail transport was covered by subsidies. This resulted in many private companies offering to run local train services as they can provide cheaper service than the state-owned
Deutsche Bahn. Track construction is entirely and track maintenance partly government financed both for long and short range trains. On the other hand, all rail vehicles are charged track access charges by
593:(German Rail) is the major German railway infrastructure and service operator. Though Deutsche Bahn is a private company, the government still holds all shares and therefore Deutsche Bahn can still be called a state-owned company. Since its reformation under private law in 1994, Deutsche Bahn AG (DB AG) no longer publishes details of the tracks it owns; in addition to the DBAG system there are about 280 privately or locally owned railway companies which own an approximate 3,000 km to 4,000 km of the total tracks and use DB tracks in
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720:, differences in signalling, rules and regulations, electrification voltages, etc. create obstacles for freight operations across borders. These obstacles are slowly being overcome, with international (in- and outgoing) and transit (through) traffic being responsible for a large part of the recent uptake in rail freight volume. EU regulations have done much to harmonize standards, making cross border operations easier.
574:
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956:" (~light rail) standard, often including underground sections. In the East, most cities retained or even expanded their tram systems and since reunification a trend towards new tram construction can be observed in most of the country. Today the only major German city without a tram or light rail system is Hamburg.
613:. While the high speed network is not as dense as those of France or Spain, ICE or slightly slower (max. speed 200 km/h) Intercity (IC) serve most major cities. Several extensions or upgrades to high speed lines are under construction or planned for the near future, some of them after decades of planning.
372:, and became almost extinct when legislation was introduced in the 1980s to protect the national railway. After that market was deregulated in 2012, some 150 new intercity bus lines have been established, leading to a significant shift from rail to bus for long journeys. The market has since consolidated with
600:
Railway subsidies amounted to €17.0 billion in 2014 and there are significant differences between the financing of long-distance and short-distance (or local) trains in
Germany. While long-distance trains can be run by any railway company, the companies also receive no subsidies from the government.
1030:
attractive. In 2013 Germany had the fifth largest passenger air market in the world with 105,016,346 passengers. However, the advent of new faster rail lines often leads to cuts in service by the airlines or even total abandonment of routes like
Frankfurt-Cologne, Berlin-Hannover or Berlin-Hamburg.
1029:
Short distances and the extensive network of motorways and railways make airplanes uncompetitive for travel within
Germany. Only about 1% of all distance travelled was by plane in 2002. But due to a decline in prices with the introduction of low-fares airlines, domestic air travel is becoming more
724:
near
Hamburg is the second biggest in the world and the biggest in Europe. It serves as a freight hub distributing goods from Scandinavia to southern Europe and from Central Europe to the port of Hamburg and overseas. Being a densely populated prosperous country in the center of Europe, there are
936:
is even officially called an U-Bahn. To some extent this confusion was deliberate at the time of the opening of the
Stadtbahn networks, as it was seen at the time to be more desirable to have a "proper" U-Bahn system than a "mere" tram system and many cities which embarked on Stadtbahn building
927:
as the logo for the former sometimes employs a white U on a blue background similar to the logo of the latter (in most cases, however, the
Stadtbahn-logo includes additions to that U-logo). Furthermore, Stadtbahn systems often include partially or wholly underground sections (especially in city
520:, one of the main east–west routes. More important routes have lower numbers. Odd numbers are usually applied to north–south oriented roads, and even numbers for east–west routes. Bypass routes are referred to with an appended "a" (alternative) or "n" (new alignment), as in "B 56n".
516:(federal roads). Their numbers are usually well known to local road users, as they appear (written in black digits on a yellow rectangle with black border) on direction traffic signs and on street maps. A Bundesstraße is often referred to as "B" followed by its number, for example
342:
for light vehicles. However, posted limits are in place on many dangerous or congested stretches as well as where traffic noise or pollution poses a problem (20.8% under static or temporary limits and an average 2.6% under variable traffic control limit applications as of 2015).
425:
Germany has approximately 650,000 km of roads, of which 231,000 km are non-local roads. The road network is extensively used with nearly 2 trillion km travelled by car in 2005, in comparison to just 70 billion km travelled by rail and 35 billion km travelled by plane.
659:
The German government on 13 February 2018 announced plans to make public transportation free as a means to reduce road traffic and decrease air pollution to EU-mandated levels. The new policy will be put to the test by the end of the year in the cities of
644:. The rail network throughout Germany is extensive and provides services in most areas. On regular lines, at least one train every two hours will call even in the smallest of villages during the day. Nearly all larger metropolitan areas are served by
1170:
There are several more scheduled passenger airports throughout
Germany, mainly serving European metropolitan and leisure destinations. Intercontinental long-haul routes are operated to and from the airports in Frankfurt, Munich, Berlin, Düsseldorf,
1547:
Ferries operate mostly between mainland
Germany and its islands, serving both tourism and freight transport. Car ferries also operate across the Baltic Sea to the Nordic countries, Russia and the Baltic countries. Rail ferries operate across the
951:
Germany was among the first countries to have electric streetcars, and Berlin has one of the longest tram networks in the world. Many West German cities abandoned their previous tram systems in the 1960s and 1970s while others upgraded them to
1079:, which also operated a network of domestic and European destinations with a focus on leisure routes as well as some long-haul services. Air Berlin declared bankruptcy in 2017 with the last flight under its own name in October of that year.
1147:. It is one of the airports with the largest number of international destinations served worldwide. Depending on whether total passengers, flights or cargo traffic are used as a measure, it ranks first, second or third in Europe alongside
537:(state road). The numbers of these roads are prefixed with "L", "S" or "St", but are usually not seen on direction signs or written on maps. They appear on the kilometre posts on the roadside. Numbers are unique only within one state.
230:
is available in most areas. Buses have historically only played a marginal role in long-distance passenger service, as all routes directly competing with rail services were technically outlawed by a law dating to 1935 (during the
1840:
314:
The volume of traffic in
Germany, especially goods transportation, is at a very high level due to its central location in Europe. In the past few decades, much of the freight traffic shifted from rail to road, which led the
197:
network has no general speed limit for light vehicles (although there are speed limits in many sections today, and there is an 80 km/h (50 mph) limit for trucks). The country's most important waterway is the river
804:) systems are far more common. In some cities the distinction between U-Bahn and S-Bahn systems is blurred; for instance, some S-Bahn systems run underground, have frequencies similar to U-Bahn, and form part of the same
1386:
links Rotterdam on the North Sea with the Black Sea. It passes through the highest point reachable by ocean-going vessels from the sea. The Canal has gained importance for leisure cruises in addition to cargo traffic.
278:
608:
High speed rail started in the early 1990s with the introduction of the Inter City Express (ICE) into revenue service after first plans to modernize the rail system had been drawn up under the government of
964:
first came to prominence in Germany in the early 1990s and are implemented or discussed in several cities, providing coverage far into the rural areas surrounding cities. Trams exist in all but two of the
883:
With the exception of Hamburg, all of those aforementioned cities also have a tram system, often with new lines built to light rail standards. Berlin and Hamburg (as well as the then independent city of
319:
to introduce a motor toll for trucks in 2005. Individual road usage increased resulting in a relatively high traffic density to other nations. A further increase of traffic is expected in the future.
502:
The autobahns are considered the safest category of German roads: for example, in 2012, while carrying 31% of all motorized road traffic, they only accounted for 11% of Germany's traffic fatalities.
2232:
1719:
729:
has undergone upgrades and refurbishments since the 1980s and will likely undergo further upgrades for decades to come as it is the main route from the North Sea Ports to northern Italy via the
1896:
973:
being the capital outside the aforementioned states without a tram system). While there have been attempts to (re)-establish tram systems in many cities that formerly had them (for example
892:) began building their networks before World War I whereas Nuremberg and Munich - despite earlier attempts in the 1930s and 1940s - only opened their networks in the 1970s (in time for the
346:
The German government has had issues with upkeep of the country's autobahn network, having had to revamp the Eastern portion's transport system since the unification of Germany between the
1816:
354:(West Germany). With that, numerous construction projects have been put on hold in the west, and a vigorous reconstruction has been going since the late 1990s. However, ever since the
1847:
254:
era) to a more balanced flow with both major North-South and East-West corridors, both domestically and in transit. Infrastructure, which was further hampered by the havoc wars and
1762:
499:
increase from west to east; that is to say, the more easterly roads are given higher numbers. Similarly, the east–west routes use increasing numbers from north to south.
457:
network had a total length of about 12,996 kilometres (8,075 mi) in 2016, which ranks it among the most dense and longest systems in the world. Only federally built
1643:
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872:
546:(districts) and municipalities are in charge of the minor roads and streets within villages, towns and cities. These roads have the number prefix "K" indicating a
3151:
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to Sweden (both carrying passenger trains) and from the Mukran port in Sassnitz on the island of Rügen to numerous Baltic Sea destinations (freight only).
157:
1075:, which operates independently. Lufthansa flies a dense network of domestic, European and intercontinental routes. Germany's second-largest airline was
726:
1921:
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2130:
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1823:
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680:. Issues remain concerning the costs of such a move as ticket sales for public transportation constitute a major source of income for cities.
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52:
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568:
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1983:
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were developed and built in Germany. Germany possesses one of the most dense road systems of the world. German motorways have no blanket
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71:
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era). Only in 2012 was this law officially amended and thus a long-distance bus market has also emerged in Germany since then.
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3254:
2707:
2523:
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1278:
1103:
56:
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2007:
1300:
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going all across Germany have single digit numbers. Shorter highways of regional importance have double digit numbers (like
78:
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connects several large cities. An S-Bahn calls at all intermediate stations and runs more frequently than other trains. In
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3001:
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1958:
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East–west routes are usually even-numbered, north–south routes are usually odd-numbered. The numbers of the north–south
1646:- The federal government says 40% of €164,000,000,000 spent on transport infrastructure where spent in the eastern part
445:, abbreviated 'BAB'), which translates as 'federal motorway'. Where no local speed limit is posted, the advisory limit
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1307:
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85:
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1897:"POLITICO Morgen Europa: Freie Öffis gegen schlechte Luft — Neues zum Spitzenkandidatenprozess — In eigener Sache"
358:
formed, an overall streamlining and change of route plans have occurred as faster and more direct links to former
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2176:
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246:. Due to Germany's varied history, main traffic flows have changed from primarily East-West (old Prussia and the
67:
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985:) as well as in some cities that never had them, but are comparatively close to a city that does (for example
587:
Germany features a total of 43,468 km railways, of which at least 19,973 km are electrified (2014).
1682:
749:). These usually connect larger agglomerations to their suburbs and often other regional towns, although the
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190:
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the prominence of the U-Bahn-like "U" compared to the "Stadtbahn" term makes the confusion understandable
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projects did so with the official goal of eventually converting the entire network to U-Bahn standards.
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131:
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substantial effort has been made to improve and expand transport infrastructure in what was formerly
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policies as well as reparations wrought, had to be adjusted and upgraded with each of those shifts.
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484:, connecting Berlin and Hamburg). Very short stretches built for heavy local traffic (for example
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1067:, which was privatised in the 1990s. Lufthansa also operates two regional subsidiaries under the
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172:
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from Cologne to Bonn) usually have three digits, where the first digit depends on the region.
481:
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countries now exist and are in the works, with intense co-operation among European countries.
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219:
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135:
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meeting certain construction standards including at least two lanes per direction are called
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connect cities for passenger travel with speeds up to 300 km/h. Many German cities have
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German autobahns are still toll-free for light vehicles, but on 1 January 2005, a blanket
969:(Hamburg and Schleswig Holstein being the exception) and in 13 of the 16 state capitals (
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17:
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is used for greater distances within Germany but faces competition from the state-owned
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are named by using the capital letter A, followed by a blank and a number (for example
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1922:"Kostenloser Nahverkehr: Allein in Hamburg so teuer wie eine Elbphilharmonie pro Jahr"
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993:), only a handful of such proposals have come to fruition since World War II - the
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351:
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1946:
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High-speed vehicular traffic has a long tradition in Germany given that the first
1984:"Germany's Kiel Canal: The world's busiest man-made waterway is an engineer feat"
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2252:
1529:
1415:
1353:
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465:. They have their own, blue-coloured signs and their own numbering system. All
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The Autobahn is the German federal highway system. The official German term is
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1745:"Gemeinsames Datenangebot der Statistischen Ämter des Bundes und der Länder"
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or ICE connects major German and neighbouring international centres such as
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is Germany's largest airport, a major transportation hub in Europe and the
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Almost all major metro areas of Germany have suburban rail systems called
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controlling over 90% of it and also expanding into neighboring countries.
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997:(trams defunct in 1965; Saarbahn established in 1997) in Saarbrücken,
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is the largest sea-harbour in Germany and ranks #3 in Europe (after
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which in turn delivers (part of) its profits to the federal budget.
2108:
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Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen (Federal Highway Research Institute)
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whereas all other S-Bahn services rely on catenary power supply.
1772:. Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen. September 2013. Archived from
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1403:
1367:
1010:
978:
661:
331:
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2112:
1873:"German cities to trial free public transport to cut pollution"
1250:
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systems in the world to have been built, the extensive German
28:
2233:
Chronology of warfare between the Romans and Germanic peoples
210:
is a major international airport and European transport hub.
616:
The fastest high-speed train operated by Deutsche Bahn, the
808:. A larger number of cities has upgraded their tramways to
1658:"European Bus Upstarts Snatch 20% of Passengers from Rail"
1763:"Traffic and Accident Data: Summary Statistics - Germany"
1366:
7,467 km (2013); major rivers include the Rhine and
167:
As a densely populated country in a central location in
1005:
in 1998) and a few extensions across the border - the
792:
Relatively few cities have a full-fledged underground
2074:
1500:), #17 worldwide (2016), in total container traffic.
1114:(which is jointly owned by DHL and Lufthansa Cargo).
1155:. Germany's second biggest international airport is
1001:(defunct in 1955, re-established as an extension of
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1959:"Airports with the most passengers in Germany 2022"
1382:and one of the busiest waterways in the world, the
1281:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
725:many important transit routes through Germany. The
59:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1656:Logistics, Oliver Wyman on Transportation &.
149:, Europe's largest railway station by floor area
1947:http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IS.AIR.PSGR
523:Other main public roads are maintained by the
3145:
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8:
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2243:Roman campaigns in Germania (12 BC – AD 16)
1687:International Transport Statistics Database
3152:
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2567:
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2156:
2131:
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2109:
876:Street car passengers and tram systems by
293:are available here in German and English.
250:) to primarily North-South (the 1949-1990
218:'s rail network. High-speed trains called
1341:Learn how and when to remove this message
512:The national roads in Germany are called
119:Learn how and when to remove this message
152:
141:
130:
2081:
1841:"Market Analysis: German Railways 2014"
1636:
1374:is an important connection between the
1716:"BMVBS - Verkehr und Mobilität-Straße"
158:Cologne–Frankfurt high-speed rail line
138:, the fourth-busiest airport in Europe
2008:"Water locks on the rivers of Europe"
1082:Charter and leisure carriers include
368:within Germany fell out of favour as
270:
7:
1279:adding citations to reliable sources
915:systems can be found in the article
812:standards. These systems are called
569:History of rail transport in Germany
57:adding citations to reliable sources
1602:List of federal highways in Germany
1098:. Major German cargo operators are
888:whose lone subway line is today's
816:(not to be confused with S-Bahn).
310:Map of the German autobahn network
25:
1071:brand and a low-cost subsidiary,
2096:
2084:
1871:Oltermann, Philip (2018-02-14).
1574:
1564:
1255:
1214:Airports — with unpaved runways:
727:Mannheim–Karlsruhe–Basel railway
33:
2335:German revolutions of 1848–1849
2304:Ostsiedlung (East Colonisation)
1626:- see section on transportation
1266:needs additional citations for
1153:Paris-Charles de Gaulle Airport
1145:world's twelfth busiest airport
291:Transportation signs in Germany
44:needs additional citations for
2320:Early modern period, 1500–1800
2208:List of early Germanic peoples
2054:"Top 50 World Container Ports"
1982:Stewart, Alison (2020-01-23).
1187:Airports — with paved runways:
1104:European Air Transport Leipzig
507:mandatory toll on heavy trucks
202:, and largest port is that of
1:
2443:History of Germany since 1990
1803:"CIA World Facebook: Germany"
1582:travel guide from Wikivoyage
1063:Germany's largest airline is
370:post-war prosperity increased
297:Road and automotive transport
1597:List of motorways in Germany
1572:travel guide from Wikivoyage
1234:under 914 m: 185 (2013 est.)
1207:under 914 m: 125 (2013 est.)
928:centers) and in the case of
806:integrated transport network
684:International freight trains
2041:Central Intelligence Agency
1822:. p. 2. Archived from
1587:List of airports in Germany
1126:List of airports in Germany
1042:List of airlines of Germany
919:. Locals sometimes confuse
890:line 4 of the Berlin U-Bahn
352:Federal Republic of Germany
272:[fɛɐ̯ˈkeːɐ̯sˌmɪtl̩]
3561:
2350:North German Confederation
2330:Confederation of the Rhine
1817:"German Railway Financing"
1540:10, refrigerated cargo 3,
1161:Berlin Brandenburg Airport
1106:(which is a subsidiary of
944:
688:While Germany and most of
562:
459:controlled-access highways
383:
348:German Democratic Republic
3084:
2824:
2698:
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1988:The Sydney Morning Herald
1592:License plates in Germany
1393:oil 2,400 km (2013)
765:-like service and uses a
565:Rail transport in Germany
18:Transportation in Germany
2502:Administrative divisions
896:in the case of Munich).
722:Maschen Marshalling Yard
334:, and the world's first
1384:Rhine-Main-Danube Canal
1149:London Heathrow Airport
350:(East Germany) and the
3210:Bosnia and Herzegovina
2763:Science and technology
2464:History of Brandenburg
2355:Unification of Germany
2345:Frankfurt Constitution
2058:World Shipping Council
1683:"Transport in Germany"
1580:Rail travel in Germany
1360:
1290:"Transport in Germany"
1137:
1060:
908:
880:
789:
773:Rapid transit (U-Bahn)
584:
582:Stuttgart Hauptbahnhof
453:is 130 km/h. The
440:
432:
422:
407:
311:
191:limited-access highway
164:
160:, running parallel to
150:
139:
68:"Transport in Germany"
2400:Flight and expulsions
1945:World Bank Datebase,
1542:roll-on/roll-off ship
1530:Liquified Gas Carrier
1356:
1135:
1051:
902:
875:
780:
656:and/or bus networks.
576:
413:
405:
366:Intercity bus service
309:
171:and with a developed
156:
145:
134:
3545:Transport in Germany
3161:Transport in Europe
3072:World Heritage Sites
2750:German states by GDP
2340:German Confederation
2012:Darby's Destinations
1275:improve this article
1201:1,524 to 2,437 m: 60
1198:2,438 to 3,047 m: 49
894:1972 Summer Olympics
731:Gotthard Base Tunnel
449:Richtgeschwindigkeit
330:) in the world, the
240:German reunification
147:Leipzig Hauptbahnhof
53:improve this article
3431:States with limited
2708:Automobile industry
2294:Carolingian dynasty
2228:History of the Huns
1397:Ports and harbours:
1228:1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
1225:2,438 to 3,047 m: 0
1136:Airports of Germany
1003:Stadtbahn Karlsruhe
999:Heilbronn Stadtbahn
941:Trams (Straßenbahn)
932:what is properly a
905:Stadtbahn Stuttgart
406:Three-lane autobahn
286:and Verkehrszeichen
2778:Telecommunications
2459:History of Prussia
2375:Revolution of 1918
2370:War guilt question
2289:Carolingian Empire
2258:Sack of Rome (410)
2167:History of Germany
2036:The World Factbook
1644:bundesregierung.de
1624:CIA World Factbook
1607:Tourism in Germany
1570:Driving in Germany
1507:total: 427 ships
1361:
1231:914 to 1,523 m: 35
1204:914 to 1,523 m: 70
1165:Düsseldorf Airport
1138:
1069:Lufthansa Regional
1061:
1007:Strasbourg tramway
909:
881:
790:
585:
533:(country road) or
423:
408:
317:Federal Government
312:
165:
151:
140:
3532:
3531:
3127:
3126:
3080:
3079:
2811:
2810:
2725:Chemical Triangle
2685:
2684:
2672:Political parties
2620:Foreign relations
2557:
2556:
2484:
2483:
2395:Allied occupation
2299:Holy Roman Empire
1512:barge carrier 2,
1351:
1350:
1343:
1325:
1141:Frankfurt Airport
967:states of Germany
960:systems like the
761:the S-Bahn has a
751:Rhein-Ruhr S-Bahn
529:(states), called
420:Bundesautobahn 14
208:Frankfurt Airport
189:One of the first
136:Frankfurt Airport
129:
128:
121:
103:
16:(Redirected from
3552:
3469:Dependencies and
3168:Sovereign states
3154:
3147:
3140:
3131:
3107:
3100:
3093:
3057:Prussian virtues
2822:
2730:Economic history
2696:
2590:
2568:
2519:Cities and towns
2495:
2475:Baden Revolution
2279:Treaty of Verdun
2248:Marcomannic Wars
2203:Migration Period
2198:Germanic peoples
2182:Military history
2157:
2133:
2126:
2119:
2110:
2101:
2100:
2099:
2089:
2088:
2087:
2080:
2069:
2068:
2066:
2064:
2050:
2044:
2028:
2022:
2021:
2019:
2018:
2004:
1998:
1997:
1995:
1994:
1979:
1973:
1972:
1970:
1969:
1955:
1949:
1943:
1937:
1936:
1934:
1933:
1918:
1912:
1911:
1909:
1908:
1893:
1887:
1886:
1884:
1883:
1868:
1862:
1861:
1859:
1858:
1852:
1846:. Archived from
1845:
1837:
1831:
1830:
1828:
1821:
1813:
1807:
1806:
1799:
1788:
1787:
1785:
1784:
1778:
1767:
1759:
1753:
1752:
1747:. Archived from
1741:
1735:
1734:
1732:
1731:
1722:. Archived from
1712:
1706:
1705:
1703:
1702:
1697:on March 7, 2009
1693:. Archived from
1679:
1668:
1667:
1653:
1647:
1641:
1578:
1568:
1538:petroleum tanker
1504:Merchant marine:
1346:
1339:
1335:
1332:
1326:
1324:
1283:
1259:
1251:
1195:over 3,047 m: 14
947:Trams in Germany
930:Frankfurt U-Bahn
917:Trams in Germany
802:commuter railway
719:
713:
711:
710:
706:
703:
695:
618:InterCityExpress
509:was introduced.
463:"Bundesautobahn"
443:
441:Bundesautobahnen
435:
282:
281:
280:
274:
269:
252:German partition
228:public transport
162:Bundesautobahn 3
124:
117:
113:
110:
104:
102:
61:
37:
29:
21:
3560:
3559:
3555:
3554:
3553:
3551:
3550:
3549:
3535:
3534:
3533:
3528:
3512:
3470:
3464:
3450:Northern Cyprus
3432:
3426:
3342:North Macedonia
3163:
3158:
3128:
3123:
3110:
3103:
3096:
3089:
3076:
2940:
2891:Life expectancy
2807:
2681:
2652:Law enforcement
2588:
2553:
2480:
2447:
2426:
2410:Divided Germany
2380:Weimar Republic
2308:
2274:Frankish Empire
2262:
2186:
2152:
2146:
2137:
2107:
2097:
2095:
2085:
2083:
2075:
2073:
2072:
2062:
2060:
2052:
2051:
2047:
2029:
2025:
2016:
2014:
2006:
2005:
2001:
1992:
1990:
1981:
1980:
1976:
1967:
1965:
1957:
1956:
1952:
1944:
1940:
1931:
1929:
1920:
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1890:
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1826:
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1810:
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1800:
1791:
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1765:
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1756:
1743:
1742:
1738:
1729:
1727:
1714:
1713:
1709:
1700:
1698:
1681:
1680:
1671:
1655:
1654:
1650:
1642:
1638:
1633:
1620:
1573:
1562:
1522:chemical tanker
1508:
1506:
1490:port of Hamburg
1358:Port of Hamburg
1347:
1336:
1330:
1327:
1284:
1282:
1272:
1260:
1249:
1247:Water transport
1243:23 (2013 est.)
1222:over 3,047 m: 0
1120:
1100:Lufthansa Cargo
1036:
1027:
962:Karlsruhe model
949:
943:
775:
739:
715:
708:
704:
701:
699:
698:4 ft
697:
693:
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571:
563:Main articles:
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384:Main articles:
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3524:European Union
3520:
3518:
3517:Other entities
3514:
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3511:
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3471:other entities
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2988:Cultural icons
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2809:
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2795:
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2768:Stock exchange
2765:
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2405:Denazification
2402:
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2205:
2200:
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2185:
2184:
2179:
2177:Historiography
2174:
2169:
2163:
2161:
2154:
2148:
2147:
2138:
2136:
2135:
2128:
2121:
2113:
2106:
2105:
2103:European Union
2093:
2071:
2070:
2045:
2023:
1999:
1974:
1950:
1938:
1926:Spiegel Online
1913:
1888:
1863:
1832:
1829:on 2016-03-10.
1808:
1789:
1754:
1751:on 2003-11-15.
1736:
1707:
1669:
1648:
1635:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1628:
1627:
1619:
1618:External links
1616:
1615:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1561:
1558:
1544:6 (2010 est.)
1534:passenger ship
1526:container ship
1510:Ships by type:
1349:
1348:
1263:
1261:
1254:
1248:
1245:
1238:
1237:
1236:
1235:
1232:
1229:
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1211:
1210:
1209:
1208:
1205:
1202:
1199:
1196:
1159:, followed by
1157:Munich Airport
1130:
1129:
1119:
1116:
1046:
1045:
1035:
1032:
1026:
1023:
1015:Trams in Basel
942:
939:
870:
869:
855:
845:
835:
774:
771:
738:
735:
717:standard gauge
685:
682:
560:
557:
555:
554:Rail transport
552:
433:Bundesautobahn
381:
378:
356:European Union
303:
300:
298:
295:
263:Verkehrsmittel
256:scorched earth
184:infrastructure
127:
126:
41:
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3483:Faroe Islands
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3461:
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3456:
3455:South Ossetia
3453:
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3302:Liechtenstein
3300:
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2931:Social issues
2929:
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2859:Ethnic groups
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2438:Reunification
2436:
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2360:German Empire
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2013:
2009:
2003:
2000:
1989:
1985:
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1975:
1964:
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1954:
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1939:
1927:
1923:
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1853:on 2015-11-27
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1612:9-Euro-Ticket
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1484:Wilhelmshaven
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1299:
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1292: –
1291:
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1286:Find sources:
1280:
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1269:
1264:This article
1262:
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1038:
1037:
1033:
1031:
1025:Air transport
1024:
1022:
1020:
1019:Weil am Rhein
1016:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
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992:
988:
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980:
976:
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968:
963:
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940:
938:
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931:
926:
923:and "proper"
922:
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901:
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878:German Länder
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833:
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826:
825:
824:
823:systems are:
822:
817:
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811:
807:
803:
799:
795:
788:
787:Munich U-Bahn
784:
779:
772:
770:
768:
764:
760:
756:
752:
748:
747:Schnellbahnen
744:
736:
734:
732:
728:
723:
718:
694:1,435 mm
691:
683:
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675:
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639:
635:
631:
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623:
619:
614:
612:
606:
604:
598:
596:
592:
591:Deutsche Bahn
588:
583:
579:
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570:
566:
558:
553:
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549:
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514:Bundesstraßen
510:
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417:
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259:
257:
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248:German Empire
245:
241:
236:
234:
229:
225:
224:rapid transit
221:
217:
216:Deutsche Bahn
213:
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80:
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70: –
69:
65:
64:Find sources:
58:
54:
48:
47:
42:This article
40:
36:
31:
30:
27:
19:
3460:Transnistria
3422:Vatican City
3259:
3105:Bibliography
2979:Coat of arms
2959:Architecture
2936:Trade unions
2916:Prostitution
2876:Homelessness
2839:Demographics
2792:
2788:Trade unions
2755:
2745:German model
2718:Central bank
2662:Conservatism
2625:Human rights
2610:Court system
2605:Constitution
2585:
2431:Contemporary
2420:West Germany
2415:East Germany
2390:World War II
2385:Nazi Germany
2325:18th-century
2284:East Francia
2238:Cimbrian War
2061:. Retrieved
2057:
2048:
2034:
2026:
2015:. Retrieved
2011:
2002:
1991:. Retrieved
1987:
1977:
1966:. Retrieved
1962:
1953:
1941:
1930:. Retrieved
1928:. 2018-02-14
1925:
1916:
1905:. Retrieved
1903:. 2018-02-13
1900:
1891:
1880:. Retrieved
1877:the Guardian
1876:
1866:
1855:. Retrieved
1848:the original
1835:
1824:the original
1811:
1781:. Retrieved
1774:the original
1769:
1757:
1749:the original
1739:
1728:. Retrieved
1724:the original
1710:
1699:. Retrieved
1695:the original
1686:
1661:
1651:
1639:
1563:
1550:Fehmahrnbelt
1546:
1514:bulk carrier
1509:
1503:
1502:
1487:
1396:
1395:
1390:
1389:
1363:
1362:
1337:
1328:
1318:
1311:
1304:
1297:
1285:
1273:Please help
1268:verification
1265:
1240:
1239:
1213:
1212:
1186:
1185:
1173:Cologne/Bonn
1169:
1139:
1123:
1092:MHS Aviation
1081:
1062:
1039:
1028:
950:
933:
924:
920:
912:
911:Cities with
910:
903:Logo of the
882:
819:Cities with
818:
791:
746:
740:
687:
658:
615:
611:Willy Brandt
607:
599:
594:
589:
586:
547:
541:
539:
535:Staatsstraße
534:
531:Landesstraße
530:
526:Bundesländer
524:
522:
513:
511:
504:
501:
496:
494:
477:
475:
466:
462:
454:
446:
438:
430:
428:
424:
394:Landesstraße
390:Bundesstraße
364:
345:
321:
313:
285:
284:
262:
261:
260:
244:East Germany
237:
226:systems and
188:
179:has a dense
166:
115:
106:
96:
89:
82:
75:
63:
51:Please help
46:verification
43:
26:
3498:Isle of Man
3433:recognition
3402:Switzerland
3337:Netherlands
2906:Pornography
2881:Immigration
2844:Drug policy
2756:Mittelstand
2703:Agriculture
2667:Nationalism
2640:Transgender
2524:Earthquakes
2471:, 1583-1588
2469:Cologne War
2365:World War I
2267:Middle Ages
2253:Gothic Wars
1416:Bremerhaven
1331:August 2016
1219:total: 221
1192:total: 318
783:MVG Class C
692:Europe use
654:Straßenbahn
595:open access
548:Kreisstraße
414:An airport
398:Kreisstraße
360:Soviet bloc
340:speed limit
109:August 2016
3372:San Marino
3332:Montenegro
3312:Luxembourg
3292:Kazakhstan
3195:Azerbaijan
3067:Television
3052:Philosophy
3027:Literature
2886:Irreligion
2871:Healthcare
2834:Corruption
2600:Chancellor
2589:(military)
2586:Bundeswehr
2017:2023-07-05
1993:2023-07-05
1968:2023-12-14
1932:2018-02-15
1907:2018-02-15
1882:2018-02-15
1857:2015-11-10
1783:2014-04-07
1730:2011-05-22
1701:2009-02-17
1631:References
1518:cargo ship
1391:Pipelines:
1376:Baltic Sea
1372:Kiel Canal
1364:Waterways:
1301:newspapers
1241:Heliports:
1077:Air Berlin
1057:Air Berlin
958:Tram-train
945:See also:
886:Schöneberg
810:light rail
800:(suburban
767:third rail
690:contiguous
674:Reutlingen
670:Herrenberg
630:Copenhagen
543:Landkreise
497:Autobahnen
490:A 555
486:ring roads
478:Autobahnen
467:Autobahnen
336:automobile
212:Air travel
79:newspapers
3488:Gibraltar
3307:Lithuania
3022:Libraries
3002:Festivals
2849:Education
2793:Transport
2758:companies
2677:President
2615:Elections
2580:Bundesrat
2575:Bundestag
2544:Mountains
2512:Districts
2490:Geography
2223:Visigoths
2160:Overviews
1498:Antwerpen
1494:Rotterdam
1480:Stuttgart
1472:Oldenburg
1468:Nuremberg
1460:Magdeburg
1448:Karlsruhe
1380:North Sea
1181:Stuttgart
1112:AeroLogic
1073:Eurowings
1065:Lufthansa
1053:Lufthansa
991:Wolfsburg
971:Wiesbaden
954:Stadtbahn
934:Stadtbahn
921:Stadtbahn
913:Stadtbahn
858:Nuremberg
814:Stadtbahn
785:) on the
638:Amsterdam
580:train at
482:A 24
476:The main
181:transport
3539:Category
3508:Svalbard
3493:Guernsey
3440:Abkhazia
3387:Slovenia
3382:Slovakia
3357:Portugal
3215:Bulgaria
3114:Category
3032:Internet
3017:Language
3007:Folklore
2926:Religion
2901:Pensions
2896:Naturism
2773:Taxation
2657:Lobbying
2630:Intersex
2563:Politics
2172:Timeline
2151:General
2144:articles
1963:Statista
1901:POLITICO
1560:See also
1464:Mannheim
1432:Duisburg
1424:Dortmund
1118:Airports
1059:aircraft
1034:Airlines
1013:and the
995:Saarbahn
987:Erlangen
796:system;
743:S-Bahnen
712: in
678:Mannheim
642:Brussels
559:Overview
471:A 8
455:Autobahn
437:(plural
386:Autobahn
328:Autobahn
302:Overview
195:Autobahn
3412:Ukraine
3362:Romania
3322:Moldova
3280:Ireland
3275:Iceland
3270:Hungary
3260:Germany
3255:Georgia
3245:Finland
3240:Estonia
3235:Denmark
3220:Croatia
3205:Belgium
3200:Belarus
3190:Austria
3185:Armenia
3180:Andorra
3175:Albania
3091:Outline
2997:Fashion
2984:Cuisine
2946:Culture
2911:Poverty
2854:Germans
2817:Society
2798:Welfare
2783:Tourism
2740:Exports
2713:Banking
2691:Economy
2595:Cabinet
2534:Islands
2529:Geology
2452:Regions
2218:Teutons
2191:Ancient
2153:History
2140:Germany
2091:Germany
2077:Portals
2031:Germany
1554:Rostock
1552:, from
1476:Rostock
1444:Hamburg
1428:Dresden
1420:Cologne
1315:scholar
1177:Hamburg
1096:Sundair
983:Hamburg
838:Hamburg
781:Train (
759:Hamburg
707:⁄
603:DB Netz
488:or the
416:taxiway
374:Flixbus
324:freeway
268:German:
204:Hamburg
177:Germany
173:economy
93:scholar
3503:Jersey
3445:Kosovo
3407:Turkey
3397:Sweden
3377:Serbia
3367:Russia
3352:Poland
3347:Norway
3327:Monaco
3297:Latvia
3265:Greece
3250:France
3225:Cyprus
3119:Portal
2974:Cinema
2954:Anthem
2921:Racism
2735:Energy
2549:Rivers
2507:States
2477:, 1848
2313:Modern
2142:
2063:29 May
1663:Forbes
1456:Lübeck
1412:Bremen
1400:Berlin
1317:
1310:
1303:
1296:
1288:
1110:) and
1088:TUIfly
1084:Condor
975:Aachen
925:U-Bahn
866:U-Bahn
852:U-Bahn
848:Munich
842:U-Bahn
832:U-Bahn
828:Berlin
821:U-Bahn
798:S-Bahn
794:U-Bahn
763:U-Bahn
755:Berlin
737:S-Bahn
650:U-Bahn
646:S-Bahn
626:Vienna
622:Zürich
396:, and
238:Since
169:Europe
95:
88:
81:
74:
66:
3478:Åland
3392:Spain
3317:Malta
3287:Italy
3098:Index
3062:Sport
3047:Names
3042:Music
3037:Media
2992:Dance
2864:Women
2829:Crime
2803:Women
2539:Lakes
2213:Goths
1851:(PDF)
1844:(PDF)
1827:(PDF)
1820:(PDF)
1777:(PDF)
1766:(PDF)
1720:BMVBS
1528:298,
1440:Fürth
1436:Emden
1408:Brake
1322:JSTOR
1308:books
1124:see:
1040:see:
862:Fürth
666:Essen
634:Paris
578:ICE 3
380:Roads
200:Rhine
100:JSTOR
86:books
3012:Flag
2969:Arts
2635:LGBT
2065:2019
1691:iRAP
1524:15,
1520:51,
1496:and
1488:The
1452:Kiel
1404:Bonn
1378:and
1368:Elbe
1294:news
1179:and
1163:and
1151:and
1094:and
1055:and
1011:Kehl
979:Kiel
757:and
676:and
662:Bonn
640:and
567:and
540:The
518:"B1"
332:AVUS
233:Nazi
72:news
2964:Art
2647:Law
1536:4,
1532:6,
1516:6,
1277:by
1108:DHL
1017:to
1009:to
473:).
220:ICE
55:by
3541::
2056:.
2039:.
2033:.
2010:.
1986:.
1961:.
1924:.
1899:.
1875:.
1792:^
1768:.
1718:.
1689:.
1685:.
1672:^
1660:.
1482:,
1478:,
1474:,
1470:,
1466:,
1462:,
1458:,
1454:,
1450:,
1446:,
1442:,
1438:,
1434:,
1430:,
1426:,
1422:,
1418:,
1414:,
1410:,
1406:,
1402:,
1370:;
1183:.
1175:,
1167:.
1102:,
1090:,
1086:,
1021:.
989:,
981:,
977:,
733:.
714:)
672:,
668:,
664:,
652:,
648:,
636:,
632:,
628:,
624:,
597:.
550:.
392:,
388:,
289:-
283:)
206:.
186:.
175:,
3153:e
3146:t
3139:v
2132:e
2125:t
2118:v
2079::
2067:.
2043:.
2020:.
1996:.
1971:.
1935:.
1910:.
1885:.
1860:.
1805:.
1786:.
1733:.
1704:.
1666:.
1344:)
1338:(
1333:)
1329:(
1319:·
1312:·
1305:·
1298:·
1271:.
952:"
868:)
864:(
860:/
854:)
850:(
844:)
840:(
834:)
830:(
745:(
709:2
705:1
702:+
700:8
696:(
451:)
447:(
326:(
266:(
122:)
116:(
111:)
107:(
97:·
90:·
83:·
76:·
49:.
20:)
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