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Museum, in 1830. They appear to be peculiar to human physiology: Baur (1863) looked for
Houston's valves in a number of mammals, including wolf, bear, rhinoceros, and several Old World primates, but found no evidence. They are formed very early during human development, and may be visible in embryos
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162:. Although the term rectum means straight, these transverse folds overlap each other during the empty state of the intestine to such an extent that, as Houston remarked, they require considerable maneuvering to conduct an instrument along the canal, as often occurs in
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These folds are about 12 mm. in width and are composed of the circular muscle coat of the rectum. They are usually three in number; sometimes a fourth is found, and occasionally only two are present.
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When a fourth is present, it is situated nearly 2.5 cm above the anus on the left and posterior wall of the tube.
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A third, the largest and most constant, projects backward from the forepart of the rectum, opposite the fundus of the
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Shafik A, Doss S, Ali Y, Shafik A (2001). "Transverse folds of rectum: anatomic study and clinical implications".
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Knowledge (XXG) articles incorporating text from the 20th edition of Gray's
Anatomy (1918)
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A second extends inward from the left side of the tube, opposite the middle of the
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as that lies below the rectum. Their use seems to be to support the weight of
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One is situated near the commencement of the rectum, on the right side.
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306:"Observation on the Valves of Houston in the human embryo and foetus"
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of as little as 55 mm in length (10 weeks of gestational age.)
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at The
Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown University) (
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Transverse folds were first described by Irish anatomist
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146:wall that protrude into the rectum, not the
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142:) are semi-lunar transverse folds of the
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30:Coronal section of rectum and anal canal.
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278:This article incorporates text in the
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205:Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland
154:, and prevent its urging toward the
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611:Enterochromaffin-like cells
286:of the 20th edition of
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132:transverse folds of rectum
19:Transverse folds of rectum
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71:plicae transversae recti
935:External anal sphincter
930:Intersphincteric groove
925:Internal anal sphincter
442:Pterygomandibular raphe
716:Duodenojejunal flexure
711:Minor duodenal papilla
706:Major duodenal papilla
457:Pharyngobasilar fascia
452:Buccopharyngeal fascia
373:gastrointestinal tract
114:Anatomical terminology
673:Enteroendocrine cells
304:P.H.S.Silver (1955).
140:the valves of Houston
606:Gastric chief cells
310:Journal of Anatomy
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995:Muscularis mucosa
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857:epiploic appendix
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701:Suspensory muscle
663:Intestinal glands
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203:, curator of the
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1043:Digestive system
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877:Transverse folds
834:Descending colon
824:Transverse colon
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738:No substructures
721:Brunner's glands
651:Intestinal villi
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531:Angular incisure
447:Pharyngeal raphe
415:retropharyngeal
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375:, excluding the
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136:Houston's valves
120:edit on Wikidata
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760:Peyer's patches
755:Ileocecal valve
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410:peripharyngeal
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226:(3): 196–203.
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567:Microanatomy
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915:Anal sinuses
905:Anal columns
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683:Paneth cells
678:Goblet cells
644:Microanatomy
571:Gastric pits
435:prevertebral
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201:John Houston
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152:fecal matter
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83:A05.7.04.007
70:
910:Anal valves
847:taenia coli
843:Continuous
668:Enterocytes
517:Curvatures
479:Sphincters
168:colonoscopy
60:Identifiers
1032:Categories
965:Adventitia
892:Anal canal
656:Microvilli
268:References
148:anal canal
980:Submucosa
970:Subserosa
472:Esophagus
284:page 1183
220:Clin Anat
796:Appendix
693:Duodenum
332:14367217
248:23897416
240:11301467
160:defecate
1022:Anatomy
882:Ampulla
852:haustra
731:Jejunum
553:Pylorus
521:greater
510:Stomach
406:Spaces
402:Muscles
394:Pharynx
323:1244784
55:Details
1048:Rectum
1008:Portal
990:Mucosa
961:Serosa
869:Rectum
548:Fundus
538:Cardia
526:lesser
495:glands
430:danger
330:
320:
292:(1918)
260:rectum
255:pelvis
246:
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183:sacrum
144:rectal
48:rectum
806:Colon
788:Cecum
747:Ileum
627:Lower
488:lower
483:upper
385:Upper
377:mouth
282:from
244:S2CID
118:[
107:75657
66:Latin
953:Wall
900:Anus
543:Body
500:crop
328:PMID
236:PMID
166:and
156:anus
134:(or
130:The
95:3004
78:TA98
46:and
44:anus
318:PMC
228:doi
138:or
102:FMA
90:TA2
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
