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this to the Court and the accused person, this contains a copy of Part A, which includes the facts of the matter i.e. observations and contemporaneous notes, including description of vehicle, and whether or not any photographs of an offending vehicle have been taken. Quite often, an officer will indicate that they have taken only (1) photograph of a vehicle then, when a matter is defended in court and the prosecution provide a brief of evidence with anything up to 4-5 extra photographs this can lead to some of the photographs being excluded as evidence because there is no indication to show on the Part A that they were taken at the time of the offence.
655:
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known as Part A, B and C. Part A is the original and is sent to the State Debt
Recovery Office (SDRO) by the issuing officer when they return to the station, Part B stays in the infringement book for accountability and Part C is given to the accused person at the scene or via post. Infringement notices issued by Councils or Commercial Clients by way of electronic handheld devices still have as associated application for details provided on a copy of the Part A, to be made available for perusal if required.
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860:, in 2003. Salonoja, the 27-year-old heir to a company in the meat-industry, was fined 170,000 euros for driving 80 km/h in a 40 km/h zone. The uncommonly large fine was due to Finnish speeding tickets (when excess speed is considerable) being relative to the offender's last known income. Salonoja's speeding ticket was not the first ticket given in Finland reaching six figures.
36:
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offender of. Then, based on the severity of the crime, the system has rules for how many days the offender must go without that money. For example, driving about 15 mph over the speed limit results in a multiplier of 12 days. Most reckless drivers pay between $ 30 and $ 50 per day, for a total of about $ 400 or $ 500. In 2002, a
720:
Attorneys may offer full representation in court, taking a case from inception to disposal and potentially appeals, although it may be possible for a defendant to retain a lawyer to discuss legal options, identify important defenses, and determine a defense strategy without hiring the lawyer to provide in-court representation.
748:. The motorist may, for example, put forward a reason their alleged violation was justified, such as to "get out of the way of an ambulance or avoid a collision with another motorist", and call into doubt the level to which the officer recalls the specific details of the situation among the many tickets they have issued.
819:, Kent, who on 28 January 1896 was fined for speeding at 8 mph (13 km/h) in a 2 mph (3.2 km/h) zone. He was fined 1 shilling plus costs. A New York City cab driver named Jacob German was arrested for speeding on May 20, 1899 for driving 12 miles per hour on Lexington Avenue in Manhattan. In
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this meeting, their licence may be automatically suspended. At 15 or more points, a driver's licence will be suspended for 30 days. Surrendering a licence to the
Ministry of Transportation is mandatory at this stage; failure to surrender the licence may result in a suspension/loss for up to two years.
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within a certain time frame (usually ten to fifteen days, although courts generally provide leniency in this regard). Additionally, the motorist can request a mitigation hearing, which acknowledges that the driver is guilty of a moving violation, but is requesting a hearing with a judge to reduce the
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The motorist may be given the opportunity to schedule a hearing for a time at which the subpoenaed ticketing officer is unable to attend. If the officer or representative fails to attend the trial for a civil infraction, the trial court may adjourn the hearing to a date upon which the officer is able
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What constitutes a "minor violation" or infraction varies, examples include non-moving violations, defective or improper vehicle equipment, seat belt and child-restraint safety violations, and insufficient proof of license, insurance or registration. A trend in the late 1970s and early 1980s also saw
581:
For a fully licensed driver in
Ontario, the accumulation of six demerit points results in a "warning" letter. At nine points, the driver is scheduled a mandatory interview to discuss their record and give specific reasonings as to why the licence should not be suspended. If a driver fails to attend
402:
Under the Fines Act of 1996 (NSW) Time for service of penalty reminder notices by post, is (7) days unless it is established that it was not served within (7) days. A due date for payment of
Penalty Reminder notices under this Act is (21) days after it is served. Generally from the date of an offence
386:
In New South Wales, all
Traffic infringement notices (TIN's) and Parking Infringement Notices (PIN's) are part of the Self-Enforcing Infringement Notice Scheme (SEINS). This scheme aims to minimize Court time for people who wish to plead guilty. The accused person can either elect to pay/part pay the
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that may reduce the impact from that which would be incurred from pleading guilty without attending court. If no agreement is reached, and the prosecutor feels it is worth his time to charge the motorist, both motorist and officer, or their respective representatives, formally attempt to prove their
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At any point after the issuance of a ticket, a motorist may retain an attorney to represent them in a traffic infraction. Retaining or consulting an attorney may be beneficial to the motorist because an attorney would better understand how to contest an infraction in any given state or municipality.
554:
If the motorist pleads not guilty, a trial date is set and both the motorist, or a lawyer/paralegal representing the motorist, and the ticketing officer, are required to attend. If the officer fails to attend, the court judge will often find in favour of the motorist and dismiss the charge, although
577:
In the province of
Ontario, drivers who are convicted of certain driving related offences result in demerit points recorded onto their driving records. It is commonly misconceived that drivers actually "lose" points due to convictions for certain traffic offences. In fact, a driver begins with zero
637:
determines some traffic fines based on income. For example, Finland's system for calculating fines starts with an estimate of the amount of spending money a Finn has for one day, and then divides that by two. The resulting number is considered a "reasonable" amount of spending money to deprive the
550:
Each province maintains a database of motorists, including their convicted traffic violations. Upon being ticketed, a motorist has a chance to plead guilty or not guilty with an explanation. The motorist or their representative must attend the court for the town or city in which the violation took
373:
across the State. The State Debt
Recovery Office (SDRO) manages the processing and issuing of traffic tickets detected and issued by these devices. These tickets are deemed to be 'owner onus' tickets with the vehicles registered owner deemed liable unless they nominate another driver via statutory
555:
sometimes the trial date is moved to give the officer another chance to attend. In some provinces, officers are now paid time and a half to attend traffic proceedings. The court will also make provisions for the officer or the prosecutor to achieve a deal with the motorist, often in the form of a
394:
If the accused person wishes to plead not guilty, they fill the reverse side of Part C out and mail it to the State Debt
Recovery Office (SDRO). Once this is done, a Court date is set for hearing before a Magistrate and the officer is notified. The officer creates a brief of evidence and provides
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These are generally issued 'on the spot' by a police officer although there are other authorised officers that can issue traffic infringements such as
Transport for NSW heavy vehicle inspectors and Traffic Commanders. The infringement notice is written on three carbonised pieces of printed paper,
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by police officers is a recurring source of controversy in the United States. Police officers in many jurisdictions surreptitiously cancel tickets as a "professional courtesy" to the friends and family of other police officers. This practice is not legal in most jurisdictions, but enforcement is
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If the motorist wishes to contest a traffic infraction, a hearing can be set by the court upon proper request. The hearings are before a magistrate or judge depending on the state or city. Hearing dates may potentially be adjourned, and witnesses or police officers may be subpoenaed to appear in
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may be a criminal offence of driving while impaired, or driving with a blood alcohol level greater than .08. At the same time, most provinces have laws specifying administrative penalties for driving with a blood alcohol level which does not exceed the criminal blood alcohol level of .08, in
406:
If the fine is not actioned by the due date on the penalty reminder notice, an enforcement order will be issued and additional costs apply. If the enforcement order remains unpaid further enforcement action can follow, which may include suspension of the persons driver licence and/or vehicle
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or Bureau of Motor
Vehicles maintains a database of motorists, including their convicted traffic violations. Upon being ticketed, a motorist is given the option to mail into the local court or the court for the jurisdiction in which the violation is alleged—a plea of guilty, not guilty or
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In Washington state, there is a local option for courts to permit a decision on written statements, without the officer's live appearance in court. California offers a procedure in which both the officer and the ticketed driver may appear in writing, through a Trial by Written Declaration.
391:, this can be found on the ticket. If the Accused person pays the infringement, they are deemed to have pleaded guilty and any demerit points will be deducted from their driver's licence. Matters only go to Court if the accused person elects to have the matter heard at Court.
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Some states permit challenging a traffic infraction through a written statement instead of appearing in court. For example, California's Vehicle Code Section 40902 permits individuals to obtain a trial by written declaration instead of making an in-court appearance.
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approximately (28) days is given, after which time of the due date they will then have approximately an additional 21 days in which to take action, and finalise the matter. This includes (7) to allow for service, and (14) days for action to be taken.
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If the motorist pleads guilty, the outcome is equivalent to a conviction after the hearing. Upon conviction, the motorist is generally fined a monetary amount and, for moving violations, is additionally assessed a penalty under each state's
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If the motorist pleads guilty, the outcome is equivalent to conviction after trial. Upon conviction, the motorist is generally fined a monetary amount and, for moving violations, is additionally given demerit points, under each province's
398:
Upon being issued a traffic infringement, or parking infringement notice, (in person or to a vehicle) an accused person will generally receive a penalty reminder notice in the mail approximately 28 days later, if the fine remains unpaid.
782:. If a motorist is convicted of a violation in a state other than the state in which the motorist is registered, information about the ticket is relayed in accord with state policy and agreements between the two states, including the
578:
demerit points and accumulates demerit points for convictions. Demerit points stay on a driver's record for two years from the original offence date. If a driver accumulates enough points, a suspension/loss of licence can occur.
686:. The classification of the charge depends on the violation itself as well as the jurisdiction, with infractions, civil charges and criminal charges relating to different standards of proof, trial rules and punishments.
695:
an increased tendency for jurisdictions to re-classify certain speeding violations as civil infractions. In contrast, for more "serious" violations, traffic violators may be held criminally liable, accused of a
727:
Although each judge, state, county or municipality handle contested hearings a little differently, the court may make provisions for the prosecutor to achieve a deal with the motorist, often in the form of a
559:. If no agreement is reached, both motorist and officer, or their respective representatives, formally attempt to prove their case before the judge or Justice of Peace, who then decides the matter.
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786:. If the ticket information is not abstracted to the state in which the motorist is licensed, then the record of the conviction remains local to the state where the violation took place.
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703:. Serious violations tend to involve multiple prior offenses, willful disregard of public safety, death or serious bodily injury, or damage to property. A frequently used penalty is a
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motorcycle in 2000. He received six weeks in jail and was banned from driving for two full years. The fastest UK speeder in a car was Timothy Brady, caught driving a 3.6-litre
407:
registration, restrictions on conducting business with Transport for NSW, garnisheeing of wages, property seizure order or a community service order and additional fees.
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in Ontario, Canada, warning of a $ 10,000 fine, a roadside licence suspension, and a roadside vehicle seizure if motorists exceed the speed limit by 50 km/h or more.
646:(across the Baltic from Scandinavia) is experimenting with a "time out" in lieu of fines: the motorist waits at the side of the road for 45 minutes or an hour.
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There are many competing claims as to the first speeding ticket ever issued depending whether the claim goes by the first traffic violation or the first
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executive was fined the equivalent of $ 103,000 for driving at 75 km/h (47 mph) in a 50 km/h (31 mph) zone on his motorcycle.
357:
maintains a database of all registered holders of a driver's licence in NSW, including the driver's traffic history and registered motor vehicles.
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at 172 mph (277 km/h) on the A420 in Oxfordshire in January 2007 and jailed for 10 weeks and banned from driving for 3 years.
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707:, and this is ordinarily a fixed amount of money, instead of being an amount of money determined based on the facts of each individual case.
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674:, most traffic laws are codified in a variety of state, county and municipal laws or ordinances, with most minor violations classified as
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594:, a traffic ticket (which is mailed out to the driver) is in the form of a notice alleging that some crime – traffic offences are all
538:, most traffic laws are made at the provincial level. However, some serious violations are criminal offences, contrary to the federal
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1440:. University of Michigan, Highway Safety Research Institute. Original from the University of Michigan Digitized November 23, 2005.
337:, traffic laws are made at the state level, usually in their own consolidated Acts of Parliament which have been based upon the
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to appear or, particularly if good cause is not shown for the officer's absence, the court judge may dismiss the charge.
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The fastest convicted speeder in the UK was Daniel Nicks, convicted of 175 mph (282 km/h) on a
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within 28 days, or the amount increased by 50% is paid within 56 days, the driver will not be
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or to civil recovery proceedings for the fine. In others, the ticket constitutes only a citation and
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The most expensive speeding ticket ever given is believed to be the one given to Jussi Salonoja in
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542:. Both levels of government may deal with different aspects of the same misconduct. For example,
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may have the earliest claim with the first person to be convicted of speeding, Walter Arnold of
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will hear arguments from both sides, and then consider the facts in the case and render a
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567:. Jail time is sometimes sought in more serious cases such as racing or stunt driving.
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In some jurisdictions, a traffic ticket constitutes a notice that a penalty, such as a
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An Analysis of the Potential Legal Constraints on the Use of Speed Measuring Devices
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In some states and for criminal traffic violations, the judge may also order a
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Another early speeding ticket was issued in 1910 to Lady Laurier, the wife of
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to Harry Myers for going twelve miles per hour on West Third Street in 1904.
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Traffic tickets are known as Traffic infringement notices (TIN's) in
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A motor officer writes a traffic ticket for a motorist accused of
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838:, Canada, for exceeding the 10 miles per hour speed limit.
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infringement by way of a number of online means or through
666:
Checker giving a parking ticket, Seattle Washington, 1960.
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Transport for NSW maintain a number of fixed, and mobile,
325:, with a determination of guilt to be made only in court.
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or other road user, indicating that the user has violated
925:
Road Traffic Safety Law of the People's Republic of China
282:. Traffic tickets generally come in two forms, citing a
197:
1669:"San Jose / Disbarred judge told to swear off alcohol"
1688:"In Ticket-Fixing Scandal, 16 Officers to Be Charged"
658:
A parking ticket issued in Washington, D.C., in 2011.
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case before the judge, who then decides the matter.
445:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
101:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
27:
Type of notice issued by a law enforcement official
1406:"Estonia has a new way to stop speeding motorists"
1599:"California Vehicle Code, Sec. 40902, Evidence"
1451:Bray, Samuel L. (2012). "Announcing Remedies".
1686:Rashbaum, William K.; Baker, Al (2011-10-27).
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1371:Finland, Home of the $ 103,000 Speeding Ticket
294:, with the ticket also being referred to as a
186:The examples and perspective in this article
8:
606:for the alleged offence. Some tickets carry
64:Learn how and when to remove these messages
878:List of demerit points in New South Wales
799:often lax, leading to periodic scandals.
505:Learn how and when to remove this message
242:Learn how and when to remove this message
224:Learn how and when to remove this message
161:Learn how and when to remove this message
1346:"Alberta's approach to impaired driving"
1556:"Washington State Courts - Court Rules"
1284:
547:particular for newly licensed drivers.
290:, or a non-moving violation, such as a
7:
1388:Nokia boss gets record speeding fine
443:adding citations to reliable sources
99:adding citations to reliable sources
1653:Ticket-fixing probe rocks Georgia.
1235:(mobile app for contesting tickets)
571:The Demerit Point System in Ontario
1848:, Finn's speed fine is a bit rich.
1822:"Jail for 172mph Porsche motorist"
1744:. Heinemann-Raintree. p. 45.
1603:California Legislative Information
774:fines associated with the ticket.
25:
1531:"What To Expect in Traffic Court"
864:Countries that use a point system
45:This article has multiple issues.
1738:John Townsend (September 2005).
419:
177:
75:
34:
1859:"Refreshing to welcome page..."
1790:"data2.collectionscanada.gc.ca"
834:, Prime Minister of Canada, in
430:needs additional citations for
86:needs additional citations for
53:or discuss these issues on the
1667:St. John, Kelly (2004-07-27).
1574:"Trial by Written Declaration"
1506:"Limited-Scope Representation"
1:
1480:"Traffic & Ticket Basics"
1298:Roads & Maritime Services
1064:- Only the following states:
784:Non-Resident Violator Compact
1808:"Biker beats cops at 170mph"
1326:. New South Wales Government
766:Department of Motor Vehicles
622:A parking ticket machine in
1708:. National Motoring Museum.
1673:The San Francisco Chronicle
1369:Pinsker, Joe (March 2015).
921:China, People's Republic of
518:Outline of traffic offences
378:Driver issued infringements
200:, discuss the issue on the
1912:
1629:Bellingham Municipal Court
1535:Ohio State Bar Association
361:Owner issued infringements
895:(only in some provinces)
1436:Ruschmann, P.A. (1979).
286:, such as exceeding the
270:is a notice issued by a
1794:collectionscanada.gc.ca
1625:"Infractions (Tickets)"
1766:"Ohio History Central"
1350:Alberta Transportation
1274:Point system (driving)
883:Bosnia and Herzegovina
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1657:. September 17, 1986.
1655:Henderdson Times-News
1605:. State of California
1293:"Fixed speed cameras"
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610:as well as the fine.
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339:Australian Road Rules
257:
1320:"Enforcement Action"
972:Ireland, Republic of
544:drinking and driving
439:improve this article
309:or accumulation of “
206:create a new article
198:improve this article
188:may not represent a
95:improve this article
803:Ticket superlatives
711:Contesting a ticket
592:Republic of Ireland
528:Queen Elizabeth Way
1721:"The Eureka Years"
1692:The New York Times
1635:on 16 January 2013
1453:Cornell Law Review
937:China, Republic of
823:, police issued a
740:, in which case a
690:Traffic violations
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18:Traffic infraction
1751:978-1-4109-1171-1
1719:Adam Hart Davis.
1706:"Motoring firsts"
1578:California Courts
1560:www.courts.wa.gov
1510:California Courts
1484:California Courts
1414:. 7 November 2019
847:Porsche 911 Turbo
596:criminal offences
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455:
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444:
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428:This article
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1830:. Retrieved
1828:. 2007-09-24
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1773:. Retrieved
1770:Ohio History
1769:
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1741:Crime Scenes
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1637:. Retrieved
1633:the original
1619:
1607:. Retrieved
1602:
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1581:. Retrieved
1577:
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1538:. Retrieved
1534:
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1509:
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1437:
1416:. Retrieved
1409:
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1376:The Atlantic
1374:
1365:
1353:. Retrieved
1349:
1340:
1328:. Retrieved
1323:
1314:
1302:. Retrieved
1296:
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1259:Traffic stop
1244:State police
1178:Pennsylvania
851:
840:
829:
825:paper ticket
824:
821:Dayton, Ohio
817:East Peckham
809:paper ticket
808:
806:
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780:point system
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730:plea bargain
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565:point system
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437:Please help
432:verification
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93:Please help
88:verification
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47:Please help
44:
1891:Punishments
1886:Traffic law
1725:BBC Radio 4
1609:7 September
1583:7 September
1540:7 September
1515:7 September
1503:See, e.g.,
1489:7 September
1477:See, e.g.,
1418:11 November
1355:7 September
1330:7 September
1324:Revenue NSW
1304:7 September
1093:Connecticut
1007:New Zealand
1002:Netherlands
923:- see also
876:- see also
697:misdemeanor
676:infractions
635:Scandinavia
614:Scandinavia
315:prosecution
288:speed limit
1875:Categories
1832:2010-05-25
1775:2008-08-27
1280:References
1264:Jaywalking
1158:New Jersey
1148:New Mexico
1083:California
738:jury trial
699:or even a
604:prosecuted
495:April 2018
465:newspapers
151:April 2007
121:newspapers
50:improve it
1896:Car costs
1846:BBC world
1208:Wisconsin
1188:Tennessee
1047:Singapore
930:Hong Kong
874:Australia
870:Argentina
624:Seinäjoki
335:Australia
329:Australia
202:talk page
56:talk page
1862:mupks.ba
1826:BBC News
1639:15 March
1233:DoNotPay
1217:See also
1198:Virginia
1163:New York
1143:Nebraska
1138:Missouri
1133:Michigan
1123:Maryland
1118:Kentucky
1108:Illinois
1088:Colorado
1027:Portugal
854:Helsinki
633:Most of
276:motorist
260:speeding
196:You may
1465:1967184
1113:Indiana
1103:Georgia
1098:Florida
1078:Arizona
1068:Alabama
1037:Romania
997:Morocco
967:Iceland
962:Hungary
952:Germany
904:Ontario
899:Alberta
858:Finland
746:verdict
716:court.
670:In the
644:Estonia
628:Finland
590:In the
586:Ireland
479:scholar
319:summons
135:scholar
1748:
1463:
1153:Nevada
1073:Alaska
1042:Serbia
1022:Poland
1017:Panama
1012:Norway
992:Mexico
987:Latvia
977:Israel
957:Greece
947:France
909:Québec
893:Canada
888:Brazil
701:felony
536:Canada
481:
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467:
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411:Canada
311:points
137:
130:
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108:
1193:Texas
1052:Spain
1032:Qatar
982:Italy
640:Nokia
486:JSTOR
472:books
298:, or
204:, or
142:JSTOR
128:books
1746:ISBN
1641:2013
1611:2017
1585:2017
1542:2017
1517:2017
1491:2017
1461:SSRN
1420:2019
1357:2017
1332:2017
1306:2017
1173:Ohio
742:jury
705:fine
458:news
369:and
307:fine
114:news
1393:BBC
682:or
534:In
441:by
333:In
97:by
1877::
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