1230:
wanted western medicine to accept his proposed mind-body connection in treating challenging conditions such as postpolio, Parkinson's, and other neuromuscular conditions. Doctors reportedly referred patients to him and were surprised by the results, but "none seemed to consider his drugless treatments as effective as surgery or medication" and the medical approach to these conditions did not fundamentally shift away from them as he had envisioned. Late in life, at the
1255:
decreased fear of pain and increased willingness to be present with the full range of sensations. Practitioners are taught to allow a tone of curiosity, playfulness, and effortlessness to guide their work. In addition to hands-on bodywork, clients are taught a series of movements called "Mentastics" to be performed with a certain mental attention. While doing these movements, the client is asked to explore how to move with the least tension and effort possible.
139:
22:
1229:
The founder, Milton Trager, called his work
Psychophysical Integration. He was an athlete, dancer, and bodybuilder. He began doing bodywork with no training and later worked under a variety of practitioner licenses, including an MD earned in Mexico followed by 2 years residency in psychiatry. Trager
1254:
with the intent of teaching the recipient how to move with less effort. The contact is gentle in a sense; it may be quite firm but is without strain or resistance. Regarding pain, Trager practitioners avoid causing pain, and attempt to contact the body in a way that allows the client to have
1192:
586:
1622:
1185:
261:
306:
1746:
1732:
1438:
875:
1836:
1764:
1756:
1178:
835:
400:
1893:
1779:
1740:
830:
1639:
825:
676:
479:
786:
163:
1615:
892:
759:
1387:
1350:
1306:
331:
105:
1164:
1134:
39:
1657:
1096:
1076:
286:
170:
158:
86:
1810:
1046:
914:
904:
793:
749:
43:
58:
1903:
1608:
1149:
316:
276:
122:
1712:
1086:
1011:
991:
919:
865:
571:
65:
1431:
1036:
954:
454:
1795:
1213:. Proponents claim the Trager approach helps release deep-seated physical and mental patterns and facilitates deep
576:
395:
321:
32:
1769:
845:
459:
405:
72:
1564:
1124:
291:
1862:
1774:
1214:
840:
798:
726:
606:
241:
54:
1424:
781:
771:
666:
1524:
1159:
766:
696:
536:
336:
201:
1246:
that Milton Trager originally termed "hook-up". From this state of mind, the practitioner uses gentle
1831:
1826:
1717:
1631:
1129:
858:
818:
641:
504:
432:
380:
301:
208:
153:
130:
1271:
Trivieri, Larry, and John W. Anderson. Alternative
Medicine: The Definitive Guide. Berkeley, Calif:
776:
561:
474:
251:
181:
1846:
1519:
1144:
1119:
1056:
754:
581:
489:
469:
449:
375:
1898:
1805:
1800:
1383:
1346:
1342:
1302:
1298:
929:
686:
651:
556:
494:
442:
343:
79:
1888:
1534:
1504:
1464:
1286:
1231:
944:
706:
566:
353:
1289:
Discovering the Body's Wisdom: A Comprehensive Guide to More Than Fifty Mind-Body
Practices
1667:
1514:
1474:
1379:
1114:
1071:
656:
646:
521:
484:
422:
390:
385:
358:
296:
266:
1722:
1589:
1529:
1499:
1489:
1469:
1272:
1234:, he was encouraged to begin teaching, which he did for the last 22 years of his life.
1218:
1091:
964:
731:
716:
631:
551:
546:
1882:
1841:
1672:
1549:
1287:
1026:
1001:
909:
899:
711:
626:
541:
464:
427:
370:
348:
236:
186:
1682:
1662:
1652:
1584:
1375:
1294:
1081:
1051:
924:
803:
691:
616:
516:
511:
417:
412:
363:
326:
271:
256:
1368:
1692:
1539:
1484:
1041:
959:
671:
596:
591:
531:
311:
281:
231:
226:
191:
138:
21:
1702:
1697:
1687:
1243:
1139:
636:
621:
611:
499:
246:
196:
1707:
1677:
1251:
1061:
1021:
996:
701:
661:
526:
1867:
1647:
1210:
974:
882:
721:
175:
1411:
1600:
1559:
1554:
1544:
1509:
1448:
1242:
At the beginning of a session, the practitioner enters into a state of
1066:
984:
949:
939:
681:
1574:
1479:
1154:
979:
934:
601:
1416:
1579:
1494:
1247:
1031:
1006:
887:
437:
1459:
1016:
870:
1604:
1420:
15:
969:
1406:
1855:
1819:
1788:
1755:
1731:
1638:
46:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1367:
1616:
1432:
1186:
8:
1332:
1330:
1328:
1326:
1324:
1322:
1320:
1318:
1623:
1609:
1601:
1439:
1425:
1417:
1193:
1179:
262:Association for Research and Enlightenment
117:
106:Learn how and when to remove this message
1250:and a combination of passive and active
1264:
129:
7:
44:adding citations to reliable sources
1370:The Bodywork and Massage Sourcebook
1339:Modalities for Massage and Bodywork
1217:, increased physical mobility, and
1407:Official Trager International site
14:
332:Chiropractic treatment techniques
1837:Glossary of alternative medicine
1135:Electromagnetic hypersensitivity
137:
20:
171:Alternative veterinary medicine
31:needs additional citations for
1555:Rolfing Structural integration
794:Water fluoridation controversy
750:Big Pharma conspiracy theories
1:
1775:Manual and body-based methods
1165:Wilson's temperature syndrome
1150:Multiple chemical sensitivity
277:Biological terrain assessment
1713:Traditional Chinese medicine
1868:Anti-quackery organizations
1337:Stillerman, Elaine (2016).
826:Alternative medical systems
455:Fabunan Antiviral Injection
221:Fringe medicine and science
1920:
1765:Biologically based therapy
836:Biologically based therapy
396:Dental amalgam controversy
1455:
460:Facilitated communication
1125:Candida hypersensitivity
307:Fake COVID-19 treatments
121:This article is part of
1894:Mind–body interventions
1863:Evidence-based medicine
1366:Levine, Andrew (1998).
1285:Knaster, Mirka (1996).
799:COVID-19 misinformation
727:Young blood transfusion
607:Orthomolecular medicine
572:Mind–body interventions
242:Anthroposophic medicine
182:Rise of modern medicine
1832:Complementary medicine
1780:Mind-body intervention
1741:Mind-body intervention
831:Mind–body intervention
782:MMR vaccine and autism
772:Vaccine misinformation
667:Rapid prompting method
1693:Naturopathic medicine
1525:Neuromuscular therapy
1412:Massaggiatrici Milano
1160:Vertebral subluxation
1109:Alternative diagnoses
697:Thought Field Therapy
337:Vertebral subluxation
1904:Alternative medicine
1827:Alternative medicine
1789:Public-health issues
1718:Traditional medicine
1632:Alternative medicine
1130:Chronic Lyme disease
859:Traditional medicine
841:Manipulative methods
642:Postural Integration
505:Bach flower remedies
381:Craniosacral therapy
209:Therapeutic nihilism
154:Alternative medicine
131:Alternative medicine
40:improve this article
1856:Contrary viewpoints
1345:. pp. 402–14.
1341:(second ed.).
777:Vaccines and autism
767:Anti-vaccinationism
760:OPV AIDS hypothesis
562:Megavitamin therapy
475:Functional medicine
252:Applied kinesiology
148:General information
1847:Skeptical movement
1811:Water fluoridation
1520:Myofascial release
1145:Leaky gut syndrome
1120:Aerotoxic syndrome
1057:Prophetic medicine
755:HIV/AIDS denialism
582:Myofascial release
490:Holistic dentistry
470:Feldenkrais Method
450:Estrogen dominance
376:Conversion therapy
1876:
1875:
1598:
1597:
1211:somatic education
1203:
1202:
930:Chinese herbology
687:Scientific racism
652:Psychodermatology
557:Medical intuitive
537:Lightning Process
495:Hologram bracelet
443:Therapeutic touch
344:Christian Science
317:Cancer treatments
116:
115:
108:
90:
55:"Trager approach"
1911:
1625:
1618:
1611:
1602:
1441:
1434:
1427:
1418:
1394:
1393:
1373:
1363:
1357:
1356:
1334:
1313:
1312:
1292:
1282:
1276:
1269:
1232:Esalen Institute
1195:
1188:
1181:
945:Gill plate trade
707:Vaginal steaming
354:Colloidal silver
322:Charcoal cleanse
141:
118:
111:
104:
100:
97:
91:
89:
48:
24:
16:
1919:
1918:
1914:
1913:
1912:
1910:
1909:
1908:
1879:
1878:
1877:
1872:
1851:
1815:
1796:Dental amalgams
1784:
1751:
1727:
1668:Energy medicine
1634:
1629:
1599:
1594:
1570:Trager approach
1475:Bowen technique
1451:
1445:
1403:
1398:
1397:
1390:
1365:
1364:
1360:
1353:
1336:
1335:
1316:
1309:
1284:
1283:
1279:
1270:
1266:
1261:
1240:
1227:
1207:Trager approach
1199:
1170:
1169:
1115:Adrenal fatigue
1110:
1102:
1101:
876:Southern Africa
861:
851:
850:
821:
819:Classifications
811:
810:
787:in chiropractic
745:
737:
736:
657:Quantum healing
647:Psychic surgery
522:Ionized jewelry
485:Herbal medicine
433:Esoteric energy
423:Energy medicine
391:Cupping therapy
386:Crystal healing
359:Colon cleansing
297:Bowen technique
267:Auriculotherapy
222:
214:
213:
149:
112:
101:
95:
92:
49:
47:
37:
25:
12:
11:
5:
1917:
1915:
1907:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1881:
1880:
1874:
1873:
1871:
1870:
1865:
1859:
1857:
1853:
1852:
1850:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1823:
1821:
1817:
1816:
1814:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1801:Growth hormone
1798:
1792:
1790:
1786:
1785:
1783:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1770:Energy therapy
1767:
1761:
1759:
1753:
1752:
1750:
1749:
1744:
1737:
1735:
1729:
1728:
1726:
1725:
1723:Unani medicine
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1644:
1642:
1636:
1635:
1630:
1628:
1627:
1620:
1613:
1605:
1596:
1595:
1593:
1592:
1590:Zero balancing
1587:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1456:
1453:
1452:
1446:
1444:
1443:
1436:
1429:
1421:
1415:
1414:
1409:
1402:
1401:External links
1399:
1396:
1395:
1388:
1358:
1351:
1314:
1307:
1277:
1273:Celestial Arts
1263:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1239:
1236:
1226:
1223:
1219:mental clarity
1201:
1200:
1198:
1197:
1190:
1183:
1175:
1172:
1171:
1168:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1111:
1108:
1107:
1104:
1103:
1100:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1004:
999:
994:
989:
988:
987:
982:
977:
972:
967:
965:Pressure point
962:
957:
952:
947:
942:
937:
932:
927:
917:
912:
907:
902:
897:
896:
895:
890:
880:
879:
878:
873:
862:
857:
856:
853:
852:
849:
848:
846:Energy therapy
843:
838:
833:
828:
822:
817:
816:
813:
812:
809:
808:
807:
806:
796:
791:
790:
789:
784:
779:
774:
764:
763:
762:
752:
746:
743:
742:
739:
738:
735:
734:
732:Zero balancing
729:
724:
719:
717:Vision therapy
714:
709:
704:
699:
694:
689:
684:
679:
674:
669:
664:
659:
654:
649:
644:
639:
634:
632:Parapsychology
629:
624:
619:
614:
609:
604:
599:
594:
589:
584:
579:
574:
569:
564:
559:
554:
552:Manual therapy
549:
547:Magnet therapy
544:
539:
534:
529:
524:
519:
514:
509:
508:
507:
497:
492:
487:
482:
477:
472:
467:
462:
457:
452:
447:
446:
445:
440:
435:
430:
420:
415:
410:
409:
408:
401:Detoxification
398:
393:
388:
383:
378:
373:
368:
367:
366:
356:
351:
346:
341:
340:
339:
334:
324:
319:
314:
309:
304:
299:
294:
289:
284:
279:
274:
269:
264:
259:
254:
249:
244:
239:
234:
229:
223:
220:
219:
216:
215:
212:
211:
206:
205:
204:
194:
189:
184:
179:
178:(health fraud)
173:
168:
167:
166:
161:
150:
147:
146:
143:
142:
134:
133:
127:
126:
114:
113:
28:
26:
19:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1916:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1886:
1884:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1860:
1858:
1854:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1842:Pseudoscience
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1824:
1822:
1818:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1793:
1791:
1787:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1762:
1760:
1758:
1754:
1748:
1745:
1742:
1739:
1738:
1736:
1734:
1730:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1673:Faith healing
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1645:
1643:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1626:
1621:
1619:
1614:
1612:
1607:
1606:
1603:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1457:
1454:
1450:
1442:
1437:
1435:
1430:
1428:
1423:
1422:
1419:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1404:
1400:
1391:
1389:9780737300987
1385:
1381:
1377:
1372:
1371:
1362:
1359:
1354:
1352:9780323239318
1348:
1344:
1340:
1333:
1331:
1329:
1327:
1325:
1323:
1321:
1319:
1315:
1310:
1308:9780307575500
1304:
1300:
1296:
1291:
1290:
1281:
1278:
1274:
1268:
1265:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1237:
1235:
1233:
1224:
1222:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1209:is a form of
1208:
1196:
1191:
1189:
1184:
1182:
1177:
1176:
1174:
1173:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1112:
1106:
1105:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1002:Faith healing
1000:
998:
995:
993:
990:
986:
983:
981:
978:
976:
973:
971:
968:
966:
963:
961:
958:
956:
953:
951:
948:
946:
943:
941:
938:
936:
933:
931:
928:
926:
923:
922:
921:
918:
916:
913:
911:
910:Bush medicine
908:
906:
903:
901:
900:Balneotherapy
898:
894:
891:
889:
886:
885:
884:
881:
877:
874:
872:
869:
868:
867:
864:
863:
860:
855:
854:
847:
844:
842:
839:
837:
834:
832:
829:
827:
824:
823:
820:
815:
814:
805:
802:
801:
800:
797:
795:
792:
788:
785:
783:
780:
778:
775:
773:
770:
769:
768:
765:
761:
758:
757:
756:
753:
751:
748:
747:
744:Controversies
741:
740:
733:
730:
728:
725:
723:
720:
718:
715:
713:
712:Vegetotherapy
710:
708:
705:
703:
700:
698:
695:
693:
690:
688:
685:
683:
680:
678:
675:
673:
670:
668:
665:
663:
660:
658:
655:
653:
650:
648:
645:
643:
640:
638:
635:
633:
630:
628:
627:Ozone therapy
625:
623:
620:
618:
615:
613:
610:
608:
605:
603:
600:
598:
595:
593:
590:
588:
585:
583:
580:
578:
575:
573:
570:
568:
565:
563:
560:
558:
555:
553:
550:
548:
545:
543:
542:Lymphotherapy
540:
538:
535:
533:
530:
528:
525:
523:
520:
518:
515:
513:
510:
506:
503:
502:
501:
498:
496:
493:
491:
488:
486:
483:
481:
480:Hair analysis
478:
476:
473:
471:
468:
466:
465:FasciaBlaster
463:
461:
458:
456:
453:
451:
448:
444:
441:
439:
436:
434:
431:
429:
428:Correactology
426:
425:
424:
421:
419:
416:
414:
411:
407:
404:
403:
402:
399:
397:
394:
392:
389:
387:
384:
382:
379:
377:
374:
372:
371:Colorpuncture
369:
365:
362:
361:
360:
357:
355:
352:
350:
349:Chromotherapy
347:
345:
342:
338:
335:
333:
330:
329:
328:
325:
323:
320:
318:
315:
313:
310:
308:
305:
303:
300:
298:
295:
293:
290:
288:
285:
283:
280:
278:
275:
273:
270:
268:
265:
263:
260:
258:
255:
253:
250:
248:
245:
243:
240:
238:
237:Alkaline diet
235:
233:
230:
228:
225:
224:
218:
217:
210:
207:
203:
200:
199:
198:
195:
193:
190:
188:
187:Pseudoscience
185:
183:
180:
177:
174:
172:
169:
165:
162:
160:
157:
156:
155:
152:
151:
145:
144:
140:
136:
135:
132:
128:
124:
120:
119:
110:
107:
99:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71:
67:
64:
60:
57: –
56:
52:
51:Find sources:
45:
41:
35:
34:
29:This article
27:
23:
18:
17:
1683:Hydrotherapy
1663:Chiropractic
1653:Aromatherapy
1569:
1376:Lowell House
1369:
1361:
1338:
1288:
1280:
1267:
1241:
1228:
1206:
1204:
1082:Thai massage
1052:Naftalan oil
925:Blood stasis
804:Turbo cancer
692:ThetaHealing
617:Osteomyology
517:Hypnotherapy
512:Hydrotherapy
418:Ear candling
413:Dry needling
364:Coffee enema
327:Chiropractic
292:Bone-setting
272:Bates method
257:Aromatherapy
102:
93:
83:
76:
69:
62:
50:
38:Please help
33:verification
30:
1540:Reflexology
1485:Champissage
1378:. pp.
1297:. pp.
1042:Mien Shiang
960:Moxibustion
672:Reflexology
597:Oil pulling
592:Naturopathy
532:Jilly Juice
312:Camel urine
282:Black salve
232:Acupuncture
227:Acupressure
192:Antiscience
164:Terminology
1883:Categories
1757:Treatments
1703:Osteopathy
1698:Orthopathy
1688:Homeopathy
1259:References
1244:meditation
1215:relaxation
1140:Heavy legs
1097:Vietnamese
1077:Sri Lankan
637:Phrenology
622:Osteopathy
612:Orthopathy
500:Homeopathy
406:Foot detox
302:Breathwork
247:Apitherapy
202:Scientific
197:Skepticism
96:April 2014
66:newspapers
1820:Key terms
1743:advocates
1708:Shamanism
1678:Herbalism
1447:Types of
1062:Shamanism
1047:Mongolian
1022:Kayakalpa
997:Curandero
915:Cambodian
905:Brazilian
702:Urophagia
662:Radionics
567:Mesmerism
527:Iridology
1899:Somatics
1806:Vaccines
1658:Bodywork
1648:Ayurveda
1535:Prostate
1505:Lomilomi
1465:Balinese
1252:movement
1238:Practice
1032:Japanese
975:San Jiao
955:Meridian
883:Ayurveda
722:Vitalism
287:Bodywork
176:Quackery
123:a series
1889:Massage
1747:Critics
1640:Systems
1560:Swedish
1545:Shiatsu
1515:Medical
1449:massage
1380:159–171
1275:, 2002.
1225:History
1087:Tibetan
1067:Shiatsu
1012:Iranian
992:Chumash
985:Zang-fu
950:Long gu
940:Gua sha
920:Chinese
866:African
682:Rolfing
159:History
80:scholar
1733:People
1575:Tui na
1500:Lingam
1490:Erotic
1480:Breema
1470:Bamboo
1386:
1349:
1305:
1295:Bantam
1155:PANDAS
1072:Siddha
1037:Korean
980:Tui na
935:Dit da
602:Orgone
82:
75:
68:
61:
53:
1580:Watsu
1550:Stone
1510:Mayan
1495:Hilot
1343:Mosby
1301:–81.
1248:touch
1092:Unani
1027:Kambo
1007:Hilot
888:Dosha
438:Reiki
87:JSTOR
73:books
1585:Yoni
1565:Thai
1530:Nuru
1460:Anma
1384:ISBN
1347:ISBN
1303:ISBN
1205:The
1017:Jamu
893:MVAH
871:Muti
677:RBOP
587:NAET
59:news
1299:178
577:MMS
42:by
1885::
1382:.
1374:.
1317:^
1293:.
1221:.
970:Qi
125:on
1624:e
1617:t
1610:v
1440:e
1433:t
1426:v
1392:.
1355:.
1311:.
1194:e
1187:t
1180:v
109:)
103:(
98:)
94:(
84:·
77:·
70:·
63:·
36:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
