3020:
895:. In such cases, the diaeresis has been replaced by the use of a hyphen ("co-operate", "re-enter"), particularly in British English, or by no indication at all ("cooperate", "reenter"), as in American English. The use of the diaeresis persists in a few publications, notably
419:. As a further extension, some languages began to use a diaeresis whenever a vowel letter was to be pronounced separately. This included vowels that would otherwise form digraphs with consonants or simply be silent. For example, in the orthographies of
1685:
The special tool we use here at The New Yorker for punching out the two dots that we then center carefully over the second vowel in such words as "naïve" and "Laocoön" will be getting a workout this year, as the
Democrats coöperate to reëlect the
943:, which led to an extension of the value of this diacritic. It often now indicates that the second vowel letter is to be pronounced separately from the first, rather than merge with it into a single sound. For example, the French words
198:. In British English this usage has been considered obsolete for many years, and in US English, although it persisted for longer, it is now considered archaic as well. Nevertheless, it is still used by the US magazine
911:. The diaeresis mark is sometimes used in English personal first and last names to indicate that two adjacent vowels should be pronounced separately, rather than as a diphthong. Examples include the given names
190:
and be pronounced as one sound, are instead to be read as separate vowels in two syllables. For example, in the spelling "coöperate", the diaeresis reminds the reader that the word has four syllables
3753:
1935:
1356:
1135:
is left between vowels, but constituting its own syllable, which would end with a form identical in writing but different in pronunciation with those of the
Present
3743:
3057:
891:", and "Noël". It was previously used in words such as "coöperate" and "reënter" but this usage is considered by prescriptive writing guides to be largely
1433:, where the diaeresis appears, it is usually on the stressed vowel, and this is most often on the first of the two adjacent vowels; typical examples are
3722:
1928:
3657:
1590:
1006:. In some names, a diaeresis is used to indicate two vowels historically in hiatus, although the second vowel has since fallen silent, as in
3001:
876:
3807:
30:
This article is about the use of two dots mark to denote the separation of two consecutive vowels. For other uses of the same mark, see
3748:
1921:
1841:
1788:
1647:
1614:
124:
3802:
3797:
3638:
3620:
1011:
3792:
3133:
3050:
2720:
1872:
3597:
3111:
1697:
843:
normally represent the simple vowels and , respectively. However, hyphenation is now preferred for compound words so that
3514:
1056:
230:
3156:
1747:
1730:
1714:
3077:
3082:
3043:
1742:
1709:
1386:". After the implementation of the Orthographic Agreement, it was abolished altogether from all Portuguese words.
1472:
3169:
3125:
3120:
883:. It may be used optionally for words that do not have a morphological break at the diaeresis point, such as "
152:) as used to indicate the separation of two distinct vowel letters in adjacent syllables when an instance of
3717:
3505:
2328:
1670:
1477:
395:
The diaeresis was borrowed for this purpose in several languages of western and southern Europe, among them
3681:
2758:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1250:
1240:
1236:
1007:
960:
956:
620:
611:
602:
3696:
3107:
964:
903:
187:
157:
999:
2710:
2079:
1025:, to show that it is to be pronounced rather than as a digraph for . For example, when the feminine
802:
721:
377:
153:
138:
31:
3024:
2987:
2833:
2159:
2121:
1973:
1378:
1352:
1344:
1340:
1205:
3628:
3097:
2343:
2204:
2075:
1193:
331:
1201:
1099:, diaeresis is employed to indicate hiatus in the first and second persons of the plural of the
1631:
3145:
2919:
2715:
2700:
1898:
1837:
1830:
1784:
1643:
1610:
1586:
1096:
591:
565:
432:
367:
250:
215:
2705:
2314:
2261:
2246:
2242:
2174:
1856:
1445:(to mop). It is also used on the first of two vowels that would otherwise form a diphthong (
1394:
1320:
1003:
864:
774:
663:
633:
561:
521:
510:
496:
487:
473:
436:
424:
420:
416:
400:
396:
254:
242:
141:
83:
2818:
2775:
2387:
2310:
2098:
1988:
1752:
1719:
1457:('believed')) and on the first of three vowels to separate it from a following diphthong:
1189:
1164:
In addition, identically to
Spanish, the diaeresis is used to differentiate the syllables
1100:
979:
932:
575:
541:
428:
404:
291:
246:
186:
The diaeresis diacritic indicates that two adjoining letters that would normally form a
3610:
3092:
2893:
2770:
2189:
2011:
1542:
1430:
897:
826:
713:
412:
408:
234:
200:
939:. Some diphthongs that were written with pairs of vowel letters were later reduced to
3786:
3605:
2978:
2934:
2780:
1738:
1705:
1578:
1039:
270:
1654:...it is much less used than formerly, having been largely replaced by the hyphen...
3771:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3527:
3522:
3087:
3066:
3006:
2544:
2155:
2117:
1969:
1860:
1546:
1296:
1217:
908:
872:
868:
373:
1409:; and optionally in some poetic (or, until 1950, academic) contexts in words like
1383:
376:. However, it was also used to indicate that a vowel formed its own syllable (in
17:
3712:
3412:
3013:
1136:
940:
364:, to separate them from a preceding vowel. This was needed because writing was
2803:
2136:
2056:
1233:
205:
3766:
3727:
2863:
2276:
1944:
975:
747:
238:
161:
2223:
888:
805:), a diaeresis mark is placed on the second vowel: without this the words
455:(or before nearly all vowels in Occitan). In the few exceptions where the
2505:
2436:
2358:
1804:
892:
884:
880:
754:
on the southern
Peloponnesus peninsula, which in modern Greek is spelled
751:
705:
696:
564:
in accents that have conserved all post-consonantal schwas, including in
299:
221:
209:
3691:
3686:
3138:
2963:
2681:
2041:
1585:(2nd ed.). Harlow, Essex: Pearson Education Limited. p. 219.
680:
318:), thus describing the form of the diacritic rather than its function.
226:
801:
are normally read as diphthongs. To indicate exceptions to this rule (
286:
167:
It consists of a two dots diacritic placed over a letter, generally a
3676:
3671:
3666:
2878:
2632:
2219:
729:
176:
3461:
3454:
3447:
3398:
1884:
3644:
3532:
3433:
3426:
3384:
2949:
2848:
2563:
2373:
2291:
2026:
2007:
995:
552:
is silent in most modern accents; without the diacritic, both the
168:
447:
normally represent a single sound, or , before the front vowels
3468:
3440:
3419:
3405:
3391:
3377:
2726:
725:
717:
315:
284:), meaning "division", "separation", or "distinction". The word
3039:
3035:
1917:
1087:
is not silent, and so is not affected by the spelling reform.)
204:. In English language texts it is perhaps most familiar in the
116:
95:
1913:
1731:
1698:
741:
735:
387:
381:
359:
353:
347:
341:
335:
309:
303:
279:
273:
1033:"sharp", the pronunciation does not change in most accents:
3552:
654:
98:
89:
645:
3353:
3346:
3339:
3332:
3325:
3318:
3311:
3304:
3297:
3290:
3283:
3276:
3269:
3262:
3255:
3248:
3241:
3234:
3227:
3220:
3213:
3206:
3199:
3192:
3185:
3178:
812:
806:
515:
504:
104:
314:) and means a "perforation", "orifice", or "pip" (as on
225:, and is also used officially in the name of the island
1283:. The diacritic can be the only one on a vowel, as in
963:, respectively, without the diaeresis mark, since the
1323:
use of diaeresis is very similar to that of
Catalan:
648:
125:
107:
101:
1836:(3 ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 210.
1609:. San Francisco: Addison-Wesley. 2006. p. 228.
919:, which otherwise might be pronounced with a silent
651:
642:
639:
86:
3754:
List of typographical symbols and punctuation marks
3736:
3705:
3655:
3637:
3619:
3596:
3513:
3504:
3154:
3106:
2961:
2905:
2789:
2693:
2385:
2326:
1951:
1885:"Diéresis | Diccionario de la lengua española"
1017:The diaeresis is also used in French when a silent
728:. For example, it can be seen in the transcription
636:
605:
113:
92:
44:
39:
1829:
1397:uses the diaeresis obligatorily in words such as
1331:are groups consisting of two distinct syllables.
817:("diurnal") would be read * and *, respectively.
1553:causes a lengthening of the preceding vowel, so
1372:
1366:
1360:
2583:
2486:
2427:
1528:with one is the cereal "maize" (usually called
1522:with no diaeresis is the conjunction "but" but
1131:). This stems from the fact that an unstressed
670:
346:, most often at the beginning of a word, as in
3368: ◌̈, ◌̤
2748:
2736:
2535:
2496:
1327:are diphthongs consisting of one syllable but
1148:
1140:
1126:
1120:
585:
3051:
2652:
2623:
2613:
2603:
2456:
2407:
1929:
1416:
1410:
1404:
1398:
994:in a few proper nouns, as in the name of the
481:
467:
8:
2593:
2525:
2476:
1532:in America) so the distinction is important.
1523:
1517:
1078:
1072:
1064:
1050:
1044:
950:
944:
569:
535:
529:
2672:
1873:Normas Ortográficas do Idioma Galego (p.25)
1768:. University of Toronto Press. p. 343.
1458:
1452:
1446:
1440:
1434:
1306:
1300:
1290:
1284:
1266:
1260:
1254:
1244:
1227:
1221:
850:
844:
830:
755:
459:is pronounced, a diaeresis is added to it.
365:
3510:
3058:
3044:
3036:
2662:
2466:
2417:
1936:
1922:
1914:
2988:combining character § Unicode ranges
1295:, "academic"), or in combination with an
970:is pronounced . The English spelling of
27:Mark used to denote separation of vowels
3744:Precomposed Latin characters in Unicode
1664:
1662:
1570:
1489:
1157:forming a diphthong with the following
716:, where it represents the Greek letter
1200:occurs in a few proper names, such as
1192:, in addition to the pervasive use of
704:
695:
372:, where spacing was not yet used as a
36:
1377:
712:'Ÿ' is sometimes used in transcribed
619:
610:
590:
574:
540:
520:
509:
495:
486:
472:
7:
3728:DIN 91379: Unicode subset for Europe
3002:English terms with diacritical marks
1766:Bookrolls and Scribes in Oxyrhynchus
935:, the diaeresis is referred to as a
624:(before a consonant) "opportunities"
560:would be silent, or pronounced as a
156:occurs, so as to distinguish from a
835:are necessary because the digraphs
257:make regular use of the diaeresis.
25:
1781:The Oxford Handbook of Papyrology
1351:) was used in (mainly Brazilian)
990:occurs in French as a variant of
3019:
3018:
1583:Longman Pronunciation Dictionary
1557:is pronounced in those accents.
632:
298:), used in linguistics and also
82:
3134:International Phonetic Alphabet
1859:. The Mavens' Word of the Day.
1779:Bagnall, Roger S., ed. (2011).
1642:(second ed.). p. 38.
1059:of 1990, this was moved to the
1043:. Similar is the feminine noun
1832:Fowlers's Modern English Usage
1359:. It was used in combinations
683:, where a diaeresis separates
1:
2981:(placeholder glyph character)
1541:In a some varieties, such as
1463:is pronounced rather than .
1271:transcribe the simple vowels
1196:with vowels, diaeresis above
326:In Greek, two dots, called a
175:, the diacritic replaces the
3723:Western Latin character sets
1952:In Latin, Cyrillic and Greek
1764:Johnson, William A. (2013).
1671:"The Curse of the Diaeresis"
1037:as opposed to the city name
742:
730:
599:"we went out/used to go out"
304:
274:
3749:Letters used in mathematics
1857:diaeresis: December 9, 1998
1669:Norris, Mary (2012-04-26).
1357:1990 Orthographic Agreement
1307:
1291:
3824:
3808:Cyrillic-script diacritics
3360:
3166:
1732:
1699:
1607:The Unicode Standard v 5.0
1439:(to copy) contrasted with
1002:and in the surname of the
849:(sea duck) is now spelled
736:
679:This has been extended to
388:
382:
360:
354:
348:
342:
336:
310:
280:
29:
3762:
3073:
2996:
2749:
2737:
2673:
2663:
2653:
2624:
2614:
2604:
2594:
2584:
2536:
2526:
2497:
2487:
2477:
2467:
2457:
2428:
2418:
2408:
1828:Burchfield, R.W. (1996).
1473:Two dots (disambiguation)
1301:
1285:
1267:
1261:
1255:
1245:
1228:
1222:
1021:is added to the sequence
756:
171:; when that letter is an
51:
3170:ISO basic Latin alphabet
3126:ISO basic Latin alphabet
3121:Classical Latin alphabet
2950:tilde § Mathematics
2790:Marks used as diacritics
1451:('created') rather than
1249:the disyllabic sequence
568:, as in the proper name
3803:Greek-script diacritics
3798:Latin-script diacritics
1748:A Greek–English Lexicon
1715:A Greek–English Lexicon
1555:‑guë/‑güe
1478:Umlaut (disambiguation)
986:) comes from this use.
3793:Letters with diaeresis
2339: ◌҄
2257: ◌͂
2132: ◌̉
2003: ◌̑
1524:
1518:
1459:
1453:
1447:
1441:
1435:
1417:
1411:
1405:
1399:
1373:
1367:
1361:
1348:
1329:aï, eï, oï, aü, eü, oü
1325:ai, ei, oi, au, eu, ou
1153:), as those have said
1149:
1141:
1127:
1121:
1079:
1073:
1065:
1057:French spelling reform
1055:"fig". In the ongoing
1051:
1045:
983:
951:
945:
851:
845:
831:
813:
807:
671:
606:
586:
576:[ɛɡ(ə)mɔʁt(ə)]
570:
536:
530:
516:
505:
482:
468:
366:
295:
2185: ◌ͅ
1739:Liddell, Henry George
1706:Liddell, Henry George
904:MIT Technology Review
867:, the diaeresis, the
746:) at the very end of
300:classical scholarship
154:diaeresis (or hiatus)
3025:Category: Diacritics
2829: ◌:
1630:Shaw, Harry (1993).
1379:[sɐ̃ˈɡwinju]
955:would be pronounced
877:only diacritics used
829:, spellings such as
734:of the Persian name
511:[liŋˈɡwistɔ]
302:, is from the Greek
233:. Languages such as
137:) is a name for the
32:Two dots (diacritic)
3364:umlaut or diaeresis
3130:Phonetic alphabets
2759:dakuten, handakuten
2711:Gurmukhī diacritics
1640:Punctuate It Right!
1049:"hemlock"; compare
474:[piŋˈɡwino]
378:phonological hiatus
330:, were used in the
67:COMBINING DIAERESIS
3656:Keyboard layouts (
2906:Non-diacritic uses
1103:of verbs ended in
592:[miŋˈɡwej]
522:[aˈkwatik]
500:"matter, question"
497:[kwəstiˈo]
332:Hellenistic period
3780:
3779:
3651:
3650:
3499:
3498:
3146:Spelling alphabet
3033:
3032:
3014:Punctuation marks
2920:caret (computing)
2776:Syriac diacritics
2721:diacritics in IPA
2716:Hebrew diacritics
2701:Arabic diacritics
1899:"Rae::ortografía"
1592:978-0-582-36467-7
1194:umlaut diacritics
750:, or the name of
621:[ˈʃɑ̃ːsə]
566:poetry recitation
488:[ˈajɣwəs]
368:scriptio continua
181:⟨ï⟩
173:⟨i⟩
130:-ə-siss, -
75:
74:
18:Trema (diacritic)
16:(Redirected from
3815:
3511:
3471:
3464:
3457:
3450:
3443:
3436:
3429:
3422:
3415:
3408:
3401:
3394:
3387:
3380:
3369:
3356:
3349:
3342:
3335:
3328:
3321:
3314:
3307:
3300:
3293:
3286:
3279:
3272:
3265:
3258:
3251:
3244:
3237:
3230:
3223:
3216:
3209:
3202:
3195:
3188:
3181:
3164:
3163:
3060:
3053:
3046:
3037:
3022:
3021:
2983:
2982:
2975:
2953:
2952:
2946:
2938:
2937:
2931:
2923:
2922:
2916:
2897:
2896:
2890:
2889: ◌′
2882:
2881:
2875:
2874: ◌˗
2867:
2866:
2864:full stop/period
2860:
2859: ◌.
2852:
2851:
2845:
2844: ◌,
2837:
2836:
2830:
2822:
2821:
2815:
2814: ◌̸
2807:
2806:
2800:
2799: ◌’
2771:Khmer diacritics
2762:
2761:
2755:
2753:
2752:
2751:
2743:
2741:
2740:
2739:
2706:Greek diacritics
2694:In other scripts
2685:
2684:
2678:
2676:
2675:
2668:
2666:
2665:
2658:
2656:
2655:
2648:
2646:
2636:
2635:
2629:
2627:
2626:
2619:
2617:
2616:
2609:
2607:
2606:
2599:
2597:
2596:
2589:
2587:
2586:
2579:
2577:
2567:
2566:
2560:
2558:
2548:
2547:
2541:
2539:
2538:
2531:
2529:
2528:
2521:
2519:
2509:
2508:
2502:
2500:
2499:
2492:
2490:
2489:
2482:
2480:
2479:
2472:
2470:
2469:
2462:
2460:
2459:
2452:
2450:
2440:
2439:
2433:
2431:
2430:
2423:
2421:
2420:
2413:
2411:
2410:
2403:
2401:
2377:
2376:
2370:
2369: ◌҃
2362:
2361:
2355:
2354: ◌҇
2347:
2346:
2340:
2318:
2317:
2315:smooth breathing
2307:
2306: ◌᾿
2303:
2302: ◌῾
2295:
2294:
2288:
2287: ◌̃
2280:
2279:
2273:
2272: ◌͗
2265:
2264:
2258:
2250:
2249:
2239:
2238: ◌̥
2235:
2234: ◌̊
2227:
2226:
2216:
2215: ◌̨
2208:
2207:
2201:
2200: ◌̄
2193:
2192:
2186:
2178:
2177:
2171:
2170: ◌̛
2163:
2162:
2152:
2151: ◌̢
2148:
2147: ◌̡
2140:
2139:
2133:
2125:
2124:
2114:
2113: ◌̏
2110:
2109: ◌̀
2102:
2101:
2095:
2094: ◌̣
2091:
2090: ◌̇
2083:
2082:
2068:
2067: ◌̈
2060:
2059:
2053:
2052: ◌̂
2045:
2044:
2038:
2037: ◌̧
2030:
2029:
2023:
2022: ◌̌
2015:
2014:
2004:
2000:
1999: ◌̆
1992:
1991:
1985:
1984: ◌᷄
1977:
1976:
1966:
1965: ◌̋
1962:
1961: ◌́
1938:
1931:
1924:
1915:
1903:
1902:
1895:
1889:
1888:
1881:
1875:
1870:
1864:
1854:
1848:
1847:
1835:
1825:
1819:
1818:
1816:
1815:
1809:woordenlijst.org
1801:
1795:
1794:
1776:
1770:
1769:
1761:
1755:
1735:
1734:
1728:
1722:
1702:
1701:
1695:
1689:
1688:
1682:
1681:
1666:
1657:
1656:
1627:
1621:
1620:
1603:
1597:
1596:
1575:
1558:
1539:
1533:
1527:
1521:
1515:
1509:
1494:
1462:
1456:
1450:
1444:
1438:
1420:
1414:
1408:
1402:
1381:
1376:
1371:, in words like
1370:
1364:
1310:
1304:
1303:
1294:
1288:
1287:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1269:
1264:
1263:
1258:
1257:
1252:
1248:
1247:
1242:
1238:
1231:
1230:
1225:
1224:
1206:Bernhard Hoëcker
1152:
1144:
1130:
1124:
1082:
1076:
1068:
1054:
1048:
962:
958:
954:
948:
854:
848:
834:
816:
810:
759:
758:
745:
739:
738:
733:
708:
699:
674:
661:
660:
657:
656:
653:
650:
647:
644:
641:
638:
623:
614:
612:[ˈʃɑ̃ːs]
609:
594:
589:
578:
573:
544:
539:
533:
524:
519:
513:
508:
499:
490:
485:
476:
471:
439:, the graphemes
391:
390:
385:
384:
371:
363:
362:
357:
356:
351:
350:
345:
344:
339:
338:
313:
312:
307:
283:
282:
277:
182:
174:
150:
149:
142:diacritical mark
133:
129:
123:
122:
119:
118:
115:
110:
109:
106:
103:
100:
97:
94:
91:
88:
68:
65:
64:
60:
58:
37:
21:
3823:
3822:
3818:
3817:
3816:
3814:
3813:
3812:
3783:
3782:
3781:
3776:
3758:
3732:
3701:
3647:
3633:
3615:
3592:
3500:
3467:
3460:
3453:
3446:
3439:
3432:
3425:
3418:
3411:
3404:
3397:
3390:
3383:
3376:
3371:
3367:
3352:
3345:
3338:
3331:
3324:
3317:
3310:
3303:
3296:
3289:
3282:
3275:
3268:
3261:
3254:
3247:
3240:
3233:
3226:
3219:
3212:
3205:
3198:
3191:
3184:
3177:
3172:
3168:Letters of the
3150:
3102:
3069:
3064:
3034:
3029:
2992:
2977:
2974: ◌
2973:
2971:
2957:
2948:
2945: ~
2944:
2942:
2933:
2930: °
2929:
2927:
2918:
2915: ^
2914:
2912:
2901:
2892:
2888:
2886:
2877:
2873:
2871:
2862:
2858:
2856:
2847:
2843:
2841:
2832:
2828:
2826:
2817:
2813:
2811:
2802:
2798:
2796:
2785:
2781:Thai diacritics
2757:
2747:
2745:
2735:
2733:
2731:
2727:kana diacritics
2689:
2680:
2670:
2660:
2650:
2644:
2642:
2640:
2631:
2621:
2611:
2601:
2591:
2581:
2575:
2573:
2571:
2562:
2556:
2554:
2552:
2543:
2533:
2523:
2517:
2515:
2513:
2504:
2494:
2484:
2474:
2464:
2454:
2448:
2446:
2444:
2435:
2425:
2415:
2405:
2399:
2397:
2395:
2381:
2372:
2368:
2366:
2357:
2353:
2351:
2342:
2338:
2336:
2322:
2311:rough breathing
2309:
2305:
2301:
2299:
2290:
2286:
2284:
2275:
2271:
2269:
2260:
2256:
2254:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2231:
2218:
2214:
2212:
2203:
2199:
2197:
2188:
2184:
2182:
2173:
2169:
2167:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2144:
2135:
2131:
2129:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2106:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2087:
2070:
2066:
2064:
2055:
2051:
2049:
2040:
2036:
2034:
2025:
2021:
2019:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1996:
1987:
1983:
1981:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1958:
1947:
1942:
1912:
1907:
1906:
1897:
1896:
1892:
1883:
1882:
1878:
1871:
1867:
1855:
1851:
1844:
1827:
1826:
1822:
1813:
1811:
1803:
1802:
1798:
1791:
1783:. p. 262.
1778:
1777:
1773:
1763:
1762:
1758:
1753:Perseus Project
1729:
1725:
1720:Perseus Project
1696:
1692:
1679:
1677:
1668:
1667:
1660:
1650:
1629:
1628:
1624:
1617:
1605:
1604:
1600:
1593:
1577:
1576:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1561:
1540:
1536:
1516:
1512:
1495:
1491:
1486:
1469:
1427:
1392:
1343:, a diaeresis (
1337:
1317:
1214:
1202:Ferdinand Piëch
1186:
1101:imperfect tense
1093:
1000:L'Haÿ-les-Roses
929:
861:
823:
777:, the digraphs
771:
766:
635:
631:
615:"opportunity",
545:"acute (fem.)"
415:, and (rarely)
334:on the letters
324:
263:
180:
172:
147:
146:
131:
127:
112:
85:
81:
71:
66:
62:
61:
56:
55:
47:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3821:
3819:
3811:
3810:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3785:
3784:
3778:
3777:
3775:
3774:
3769:
3763:
3760:
3759:
3757:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3740:
3738:
3734:
3733:
3731:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3709:
3707:
3703:
3702:
3700:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3663:
3661:
3653:
3652:
3649:
3648:
3643:
3641:
3635:
3634:
3632:
3631:
3625:
3623:
3617:
3616:
3614:
3613:
3608:
3602:
3600:
3594:
3593:
3591:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3519:
3517:
3508:
3502:
3501:
3497:
3496:
3494:
3492:
3490:
3488:
3486:
3484:
3482:
3480:
3478:
3476:
3474:
3472:
3465:
3458:
3451:
3444:
3437:
3430:
3423:
3416:
3409:
3402:
3395:
3388:
3381:
3373:
3372:
3362:Letters using
3361:
3358:
3357:
3350:
3343:
3336:
3329:
3322:
3315:
3308:
3301:
3294:
3287:
3280:
3273:
3266:
3259:
3252:
3245:
3238:
3231:
3224:
3217:
3210:
3203:
3196:
3189:
3182:
3174:
3173:
3167:
3162:
3160:
3152:
3151:
3149:
3148:
3143:
3142:
3141:
3136:
3128:
3123:
3117:
3115:
3104:
3103:
3101:
3100:
3095:
3093:Roman numerals
3090:
3085:
3080:
3074:
3071:
3070:
3065:
3063:
3062:
3055:
3048:
3040:
3031:
3030:
3028:
3027:
3016:
3011:
3010:
3009:
2997:
2994:
2993:
2991:
2990:
2985:
2968:
2966:
2959:
2958:
2956:
2955:
2940:
2925:
2909:
2907:
2903:
2902:
2900:
2899:
2884:
2869:
2854:
2839:
2824:
2809:
2793:
2791:
2787:
2786:
2784:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2767:
2766:
2765:
2764:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2697:
2695:
2691:
2690:
2688:
2687:
2638:
2569:
2550:
2511:
2442:
2392:
2390:
2383:
2382:
2380:
2379:
2364:
2349:
2333:
2331:
2329:Early Cyrillic
2324:
2323:
2321:
2320:
2297:
2282:
2267:
2252:
2229:
2210:
2195:
2190:iota subscript
2180:
2165:
2160:retroflex hook
2142:
2127:
2104:
2085:
2062:
2047:
2032:
2017:
2012:inverted breve
1994:
1979:
1955:
1953:
1949:
1948:
1943:
1941:
1940:
1933:
1926:
1918:
1911:
1910:External links
1908:
1905:
1904:
1890:
1876:
1865:
1849:
1842:
1820:
1796:
1789:
1771:
1756:
1723:
1690:
1675:The New Yorker
1658:
1648:
1622:
1615:
1598:
1591:
1569:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1560:
1559:
1534:
1510:
1488:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1481:
1480:
1475:
1468:
1465:
1426:
1423:
1391:
1388:
1336:
1333:
1316:
1313:
1311:, "protein").
1232:represent the
1213:
1210:
1185:
1182:
1092:
1089:
928:
925:
898:The New Yorker
860:
857:
822:
819:
811:("grape") and
770:
767:
765:
762:
752:Mount Taÿgetus
706:[aɲja]
677:
676:
667:
625:
600:
582:
581:
580:
548:Note that the
526:
501:
478:
323:
320:
262:
259:
201:The New Yorker
73:
72:
70:
69:
52:
49:
48:
45:
42:
41:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3820:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
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3788:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
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3755:
3752:
3750:
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3735:
3729:
3726:
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3716:
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3711:
3710:
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3704:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3683:
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3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3654:
3646:
3642:
3640:
3636:
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3627:
3626:
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3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3603:
3601:
3599:
3595:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
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3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3520:
3518:
3516:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3503:
3495:
3493:
3491:
3489:
3487:
3485:
3483:
3481:
3479:
3477:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3466:
3463:
3459:
3456:
3452:
3449:
3445:
3442:
3438:
3435:
3431:
3428:
3424:
3421:
3417:
3414:
3410:
3407:
3403:
3400:
3396:
3393:
3389:
3386:
3382:
3379:
3375:
3374:
3365:
3359:
3355:
3351:
3348:
3344:
3341:
3337:
3334:
3330:
3327:
3323:
3320:
3316:
3313:
3309:
3306:
3302:
3299:
3295:
3292:
3288:
3285:
3281:
3278:
3274:
3271:
3267:
3264:
3260:
3257:
3253:
3250:
3246:
3243:
3239:
3236:
3232:
3229:
3225:
3222:
3218:
3215:
3211:
3208:
3204:
3201:
3197:
3194:
3190:
3187:
3183:
3180:
3176:
3175:
3171:
3165:
3161:
3158:
3153:
3147:
3144:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3131:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3109:
3105:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3075:
3072:
3068:
3061:
3056:
3054:
3049:
3047:
3042:
3041:
3038:
3026:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3008:
3005:
3004:
3003:
3000:
2999:
2995:
2989:
2986:
2980:
2979:dotted circle
2970:
2969:
2967:
2965:
2960:
2951:
2941:
2936:
2935:degree symbol
2926:
2921:
2911:
2910:
2908:
2904:
2895:
2885:
2880:
2870:
2865:
2855:
2850:
2840:
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2825:
2820:
2810:
2805:
2795:
2794:
2792:
2788:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2768:
2760:
2730:
2729:
2728:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2698:
2696:
2692:
2683:
2639:
2634:
2570:
2565:
2551:
2546:
2512:
2507:
2443:
2438:
2394:
2393:
2391:
2389:
2384:
2375:
2365:
2360:
2350:
2345:
2335:
2334:
2332:
2330:
2325:
2316:
2312:
2298:
2293:
2283:
2278:
2268:
2263:
2253:
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2244:
2230:
2225:
2221:
2211:
2206:
2196:
2191:
2181:
2176:
2166:
2161:
2157:
2143:
2138:
2128:
2123:
2119:
2105:
2100:
2086:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2063:
2058:
2048:
2043:
2033:
2028:
2018:
2013:
2009:
1995:
1990:
1980:
1975:
1971:
1957:
1956:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1939:
1934:
1932:
1927:
1925:
1920:
1919:
1916:
1909:
1900:
1894:
1891:
1886:
1880:
1877:
1874:
1869:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1853:
1850:
1845:
1843:0-19-869126-2
1839:
1834:
1833:
1824:
1821:
1810:
1806:
1800:
1797:
1792:
1790:9780199843695
1786:
1782:
1775:
1772:
1767:
1760:
1757:
1754:
1750:
1749:
1744:
1743:Scott, Robert
1740:
1736:
1727:
1724:
1721:
1717:
1716:
1711:
1710:Scott, Robert
1707:
1703:
1694:
1691:
1687:
1676:
1672:
1665:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1649:0-06-461045-4
1645:
1641:
1637:
1635:
1626:
1623:
1618:
1616:0-321-48091-0
1612:
1608:
1602:
1599:
1594:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1574:
1571:
1564:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1538:
1535:
1531:
1526:
1520:
1514:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1496:also spelled
1493:
1490:
1483:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1470:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1455:
1449:
1443:
1437:
1432:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1413:
1407:
1401:
1396:
1389:
1387:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1369:
1363:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1334:
1332:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1298:
1293:
1235:
1219:
1211:
1209:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1183:
1181:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1162:
1160:
1156:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1138:
1134:
1129:
1123:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1090:
1088:
1086:
1081:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1062:
1058:
1053:
1047:
1042:
1041:
1040:Aigues-Mortes
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1015:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1004:house of Croÿ
1001:
997:
993:
989:
985:
981:
977:
973:
969:
966:
953:
947:
942:
938:
934:
926:
924:
922:
918:
914:
910:
906:
905:
900:
899:
894:
890:
886:
882:
878:
874:
870:
866:
858:
856:
853:
847:
842:
838:
833:
828:
820:
818:
815:
809:
804:
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
768:
763:
761:
753:
749:
744:
732:
727:
723:
720:(upsilon) in
719:
715:
710:
707:
703:
698:
697:[aɲa]
694:
690:
686:
682:
673:
668:
665:
664:Brontë family
659:
630:
626:
622:
618:
613:
608:
604:
603:Luxembourgish
601:
598:
593:
588:
583:
577:
572:
571:Aigues-Mortes
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
546:
543:
542:[eɡy]
538:
532:
527:
523:
518:
512:
507:
502:
498:
494:
489:
484:
479:
475:
470:
465:
464:
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460:
458:
454:
450:
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438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
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406:
402:
398:
393:
379:
375:
370:
369:
333:
329:
321:
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306:
301:
297:
293:
289:
288:
276:
272:
268:
260:
258:
256:
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248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
223:
218:
217:
212:
211:
207:
203:
202:
197:
194:, not three,
193:
189:
184:
178:
170:
165:
163:
159:
155:
151:
143:
140:
136:
135:
121:
79:
54:
53:
50:
43:
38:
33:
19:
3772:Palaeography
3363:
3088:Romanization
3067:Latin script
3007:Metal umlaut
2545:chandrabindu
2156:palatal hook
2122:double grave
2071:
2027:caron, háček
1974:double acute
1893:
1879:
1868:
1861:Random House
1852:
1831:
1823:
1812:. Retrieved
1808:
1799:
1780:
1774:
1765:
1759:
1746:
1726:
1713:
1693:
1684:
1678:. Retrieved
1674:
1653:
1639:
1634:Accent Marks
1633:
1625:
1606:
1601:
1582:
1573:
1554:
1550:
1547:Swiss French
1537:
1529:
1513:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1492:
1428:
1393:
1338:
1328:
1324:
1318:
1297:acute accent
1218:Modern Greek
1215:
1197:
1187:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1163:
1158:
1154:
1145:
1132:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1094:
1084:
1069:
1060:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1029:is added to
1026:
1022:
1018:
1016:
991:
987:
971:
967:
941:monophthongs
936:
930:
920:
916:
912:
909:Jason Pontin
902:
896:
873:acute accent
869:grave accent
862:
840:
836:
824:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
772:
764:Modern usage
711:
701:
692:
688:
684:
678:
628:
616:
596:
595:"I shrank",
557:
553:
549:
514:"linguist",
492:
461:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
394:
374:word divider
327:
325:
285:
266:
264:
220:
214:
208:
199:
196:*coop-er-ate
195:
192:co-op-er-ate
191:
185:
166:
145:
77:
76:
3713:ISO/IEC 646
3639:Pentagraphs
3621:Tetragraphs
3506:Multigraphs
3366:sign (
2262:perispomene
1636:: Dieresis"
1549:, "silent"
1384:sanguineous
1292:akadimaïkós
1286:ακαδημαϊκός
1137:subjunctive
1008:Saint-Saëns
879:apart from
832:coëfficiënt
231:Coös County
3787:Categories
3767:Diacritics
3406:Ï ï
2998:See also:
2804:apostrophe
2137:hook above
2057:circumflex
1945:Diacritics
1814:2021-08-07
1805:"zee-eend"
1686:President.
1680:2021-08-07
1579:Wells, J C
1565:References
1504:; plural:
1355:until the
1353:Portuguese
1345:Portuguese
1341:Portuguese
1335:Portuguese
1253:, whereas
1234:diphthongs
998:suburb of
863:In Modern
669:Afrikaans
491:"waters",
462:Examples:
206:loan words
3706:Standards
3598:Trigraphs
3155:Letters (
3108:Alphabets
3098:Ligatures
2725:Japanese
2277:sicilicus
2247:underring
2072:diaeresis
1700:διαίρεσις
1551:‑e
1506:diaereses
1374:sangüíneo
1027:‑e
976:Christmas
974:meaning "
881:loanwords
748:Herodotus
743:Artaüktēs
737:Ἀρταΰκτης
731:Artaÿctes
584:Galician
525:"aquatic"
506:lingüista
477:"penguin"
380:), as in
281:διαίρεσις
275:diaíresis
267:diaeresis
265:The word
239:Afrikaans
162:diphthong
78:Diaeresis
46:Diaeresis
3515:Digraphs
2506:avagraha
2437:anusvara
2359:pokrytie
2243:overring
1581:(2000).
1502:dieresis
1498:diæresis
1467:See also
1406:pingüino
1308:proteïni
1302:πρωτεΐνη
1299:, as in
1097:Galician
1091:Galician
1012:de Staël
996:Parisian
875:are the
871:and the
852:zee-eend
757:Ταΰγετος
675:"Higher"
627:English
556:and the
503:Occitan
480:Catalan
469:pingüino
466:Spanish
433:Galician
269:is from
251:Galician
139:two dots
63:◌̈
3718:Unicode
3687:Colemak
3139:X-SAMPA
3078:History
2964:Unicode
2754:
2746:
2742:
2734:
2682:visarga
2677:
2671:
2667:
2661:
2657:
2651:
2647:
2643:
2628:
2622:
2618:
2612:
2608:
2602:
2598:
2592:
2588:
2582:
2578:
2574:
2559:
2555:
2540:
2534:
2530:
2524:
2520:
2516:
2501:
2495:
2491:
2485:
2481:
2475:
2471:
2465:
2461:
2455:
2451:
2447:
2432:
2426:
2422:
2416:
2412:
2406:
2402:
2398:
2042:cedilla
1751:at the
1718:at the
1543:Belgian
1400:cigüeña
1395:Spanish
1390:Spanish
1368:güi/qüi
1362:güe/qüe
1321:Occitan
1315:Occitan
1150:caiades
1142:saiamos
1128:caïades
1122:saïamos
1077:). (In
965:digraph
893:archaic
865:English
859:English
846:zeeëend
775:Catalan
769:Catalan
597:saïamos
587:mingüei
528:French
517:aqüatic
493:qüestió
437:Occitan
425:Catalan
421:Spanish
417:English
401:Catalan
397:Occitan
322:History
255:Spanish
243:Catalan
229:and of
188:digraph
158:digraph
3682:Dvorak
3677:AZERTY
3672:QWERTZ
3667:QWERTY
3083:Spread
3023:
2984:
2976:
2972:
2954:
2947:
2943:
2939:
2932:
2928:
2924:
2917:
2913:
2898:
2891:
2887:
2883:
2879:hyphen
2876:
2872:
2868:
2861:
2857:
2853:
2846:
2842:
2838:
2831:
2827:
2823:
2816:
2812:
2808:
2801:
2797:
2763:
2756:
2744:
2732:
2686:
2679:
2669:
2659:
2649:
2641:
2637:
2633:virama
2630:
2620:
2610:
2600:
2590:
2580:
2572:
2568:
2561:
2553:
2549:
2542:
2532:
2522:
2514:
2510:
2503:
2493:
2483:
2473:
2463:
2453:
2445:
2441:
2434:
2424:
2414:
2404:
2396:
2378:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2356:
2352:
2348:
2344:kamora
2341:
2337:
2319:
2308:
2304:
2300:
2296:
2289:
2285:
2281:
2274:
2270:
2266:
2259:
2255:
2251:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2224:nosinė
2220:ogonek
2217:
2213:
2209:
2205:macron
2202:
2198:
2194:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2076:umlaut
2069:
2065:
2061:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1840:
1787:
1646:
1613:
1589:
1508:, etc.
1460:crëwyd
1415:, and
1279:, and
1265:, and
1243:, and
1190:German
1184:German
980:French
933:French
927:French
907:under
889:Boötes
803:hiatus
797:, and
722:hiatus
629:Brontë
617:Chancë
607:Chance
483:aigües
429:French
405:French
358:, and
305:trē̂ma
292:French
253:, and
247:French
177:tittle
59:
57:U+0308
3737:Lists
3645:tzsch
3427:S̈s̈
3413:N̈n̈
2894:prime
2849:comma
2834:colon
2564:nuqta
2388:Indic
2374:titlo
2292:tilde
2118:grave
2080:other
2008:breve
1970:acute
1733:τρῆμα
1484:Notes
1454:creir
1448:crëir
1442:mopio
1436:copïo
1431:Welsh
1425:Welsh
1418:süave
1412:vïuda
1349:trema
1251:/e.i/
1241:/oi̯/
1237:/ai̯/
1212:Greek
1172:from
1080:canoë
1074:cigüe
1066:aigüe
1052:figue
1046:ciguë
1035:aiguë
952:naïve
937:tréma
913:Chloë
885:naïve
827:Dutch
821:Dutch
814:diürn
724:with
714:Greek
687:from
681:Ganda
662:(see
562:schwa
537:aigüe
531:aiguë
413:Welsh
409:Dutch
361:ϋβριν
328:trema
311:τρῆμα
296:tréma
287:trema
271:Greek
235:Dutch
222:Chloë
210:naïve
169:vowel
3692:BÉPO
3658:list
3629:ough
3434:T̈ẗ
3385:C̈c̈
3157:list
3112:list
2175:horn
1989:apex
1838:ISBN
1785:ISBN
1644:ISBN
1611:ISBN
1587:ISBN
1545:and
1530:corn
1525:maïs
1519:mais
1403:and
1365:and
1319:The
1239:and
1226:and
1204:and
1176:and
1117:-oír
1115:and
1113:-aír
1109:-oer
1105:-aer
1083:the
1031:aigu
1010:and
984:Noël
972:Noël
959:and
949:and
946:maïs
915:and
901:and
887:", "
839:and
808:raïm
702:anÿa
693:anya
672:Hoër
451:and
443:and
435:and
389:Αϊδι
386:and
355:ϋιος
349:ϊδων
340:and
316:dice
261:Name
227:Teän
219:and
216:Noël
3697:Neo
3611:eau
3606:dzs
3462:Ẍẍ
3455:Ẅẅ
3448:Ṳṳ
3441:Üü
3420:Öö
3399:Ḧḧ
3392:Ëë
3378:Ää
3354:Zz
3263:Mm
2962:In
2819:bar
2386:In
2327:In
2099:dot
1500:or
1429:In
1339:In
1281:/i/
1277:/i/
1273:/e/
1216:In
1188:In
1178:gui
1174:gue
1170:güi
1168:an
1166:güe
1133:-i-
1095:In
978:" (
931:In
923:.
917:Zoë
825:In
773:In
534:or
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160:or
132:EER
128:ERR
126:dy-
117:ɪər
3789::
3588:Th
3583:Sz
3578:Sh
3573:Ny
3568:Nj
3563:Nh
3558:Ly
3553:Ll
3548:Lj
3543:IJ
3538:Gh
3533:Dž
3528:Dz
3523:Ch
3469:Ÿÿ
3347:Yy
3340:Xx
3333:Ww
3326:Vv
3319:Uu
3312:Tt
3305:Ss
3298:Rr
3291:Qq
3284:Pp
3277:Oo
3270:Nn
3256:Ll
3249:Kk
3242:Jj
3235:Ii
3228:Hh
3221:Gg
3214:Ff
3207:Ee
3200:Dd
3193:Cc
3186:Bb
3179:Aa
2750:◌゚
2738:◌゙
2313:,
2245:,
2222:,
2158:,
2120:,
2078:,
2074:,
2010:,
1972:,
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1661:^
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1347::
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1256:αι
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1223:αϊ
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982::
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841:ie
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793:,
791:au
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785:,
783:ei
781:,
779:ai
760:.
709:.
700:,
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445:qu
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427:,
423:,
411:,
407:,
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399:,
392:.
383:ηϋ
352:,
294::
249:,
245:,
241:,
237:,
213:,
179::
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148:◌̈
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96:ɛr
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3059:e
3052:t
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2674:ஃ
2664:ଃ
2654:ঃ
2645:ः
2625:်
2615:්
2605:್
2595:్
2585:്
2576:्
2557:़
2537:ྃ
2527:ఁ
2518:ँ
2498:྅
2488:ഽ
2478:ఽ
2468:ଽ
2458:ঽ
2449:ऽ
2429:ം
2419:ଂ
2409:ং
2400:ं
1937:e
1930:t
1923:v
1901:.
1887:.
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988:Ÿ
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740:(
726:α
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649:n
646:ɒ
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637:ˈ
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