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176:, resulting in round shapes. Crowns are also characterized by their width, depth, surface area, volume, and density. Measurements of crowns are important in quantifying and qualifying plant health, growth stage, and efficiency.
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National Forest
Inventories: Contributions to Forest Biodiversity Assessments Gherardo Chirici, Susanne Winter, Ronald E. McRoberts Springer Science & Business Media, 2011 - 206pp
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developed a tree classification it is based on three components with numbers that then aggregate to give a coded classification thus:
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While both Kraft and IUFRO classifications are aimed at describing individual tree crowns both can and are applied to describe whole
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5 u unterständig (inferior) this is then split into 2 subclasses 5a (shade tolerant trees) and 5b (dying crowns / dying trees)
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Trees can be described as fitting different crown classes. Commonly used are Kraft's classes. Kraft designated these
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Major functions of the crown include light energy assimilation, carbon dioxide absorption and release of oxygen via
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Forests: Elements of
Silvology by Roofer A.A. Coleman, Springer Science & Business Media, 2012,
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Forests: Elements of
Silvology by Roelof A.A. Oldeman, Springer Science & Business Media, 2012,
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Future growth potential component (Developmental tendency / conversion tendency):
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of a plant is the total of an individual plant's aboveground parts, including
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Shapes of crowns are highly variable. The major types for trees are the
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Often it has been simplified to
Dominant, Co-dominant and Suppressed.
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60 Substandard wood (<50% of the trunk is normal-quality timber)
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Kraft wrote in German so here are his classes with translations:
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consists of one or more plant crowns growing in a given area.
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50 Normal wood (≥50% of the trunk is normal-quality timber)
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40 Valuable wood (≥50% of the trunk is high-quality timber)
150:, and reproductive structures extending from the
543:Kozlowski, T.; Kramer, P.; Pallardy, S. (1991)
245:Height component (Stand layer / Height class):
191:. These functions are performed by the leaves.
27:All of an individual plant's aboveground parts
187:, and movement of water to the atmosphere by
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259:Vitality component (Tree vigor / vitality):
545:The physiological ecology of woody plants
203:based on temperate and boreal forests in
80:Learn how and when to remove this message
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43:This article includes a list of general
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333:6 Shallow crown (<¼ the tree length)
223:4 b beherrscht (dominated / suppressed)
482:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
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327:4 Deep crown (>½ the tree length)
49:it lacks sufficient corresponding
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220:3 m mitherrschend (co-dominant)
214:1 v vorherrschend (predominant)
299:400 Valuable, outstanding tree
252:200 Middlestorey / Middlelayer
174:(deliquescent) branching habit
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305:600 Poor to Unusable Quality
255:300 Understorey / Underlayer
418:Stratification (vegetation)
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249:100 Overstorey / Overlayer
371:Diameter at breast height
217:2 h herrschend (dominant)
163:excurrent branching habit
114:reproductive structures
64:more precise citations.
423:Tree crown measurement
393:semideterminate growth
291:Silvicultural Criteria
287:and then additionally
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389:indeterminate growth
183:, energy release by
241:Ecological criteria
568:2007-12-02 at the
385:determinate growth
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295:Commercial worth
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458:. Archived from
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376:Fruit tree forms
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428:Tiller (botany)
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397:flushing growth
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126:The crown of a
118:plant community
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467:. Retrieved
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381:Growth habit
341:or storeys.
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323:Crown class
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309:Trunk class
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70:January 2010
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269:30 Retarded
185:respiration
169:shapes and
128:woody plant
62:introducing
563:Tree crown
469:2016-06-01
439:References
433:Understory
96:Tree crown
45:references
18:Tree crown
283:3 Lagging
280:2 Average
266:20 Normal
172:decurrent
142:) is the
579:Category
566:Archived
478:cite web
345:See also
154:or main
144:branches
521:, 624pp
408:Pruning
399:, etc.)
263:10 Lush
58:improve
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339:layers
277:1 High
167:conoid
148:leaves
121:canopy
112:, and
110:leaves
47:, but
463:(PDF)
456:(PDF)
413:Shoot
235:IUFRO
233:Also
156:stems
152:trunk
140:liana
136:shrub
106:stems
102:crown
515:ISBN
498:ISBN
484:link
132:tree
116:. A
100:The
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
