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109:. Reportedly, Aemilia had initially been seduced by Lucius Veturius. After this, she arranged for Marcia and Licinia to have sexual relations with Lucius Veturius' male friends. Aemilia and Licinia had multiple lovers, while Marcia had a monogamous relationship. The three vestals were prosecuted after being reported to the authorities by their slave Manius, who had helped in exchange for
320:
171:
The second trial ended in a guilty verdict for both
Licinia and Marcia who were both sentenced to be executed by being buried alive. During the trial, several men were implicated as the alleged lovers of the vestals and prosecuted. This involved several prominent people and the process has by some
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The acquittal of Marcia and
Licinia created public outrage in Rome because of Manius' testimony that the sexual crimes of the vestals had been an open secret and tolerated among the aristocracy, and the public interpreted the outcome as a case of corruption among the elite. The case against Licinia
113:
he never received. According to Manius, the affairs of the vestals was widely tolerated within the Roman aristocracy. The trial was a great scandal in contemporary Rome. Aemilia was found guilty and sentenced to death by the
86:
and the daughter of Gaius
Licinius Crassus. In 123, her dedication of an altar was cancelled by the pontiffs because it had been made without the approval of the people. Marcia was a member of the plebeian gens
334:
183:
of Vesta from the pollution which was believed to have soiled it because of the crimes. A new temple to Venus was constructed, and four men were buried alive in the
64:. Licinia and Marcia were subsequently put to death as well. The trials were heavily influenced by the political background and network of the participants.
27:
60:, who sentenced Aemilia to death in 114 BC. The decision to spare the other two vestals triggered outrage and led to a follow-up trial headed by
215:
Friedrich Münzer: Marcius 114). In: Paulys
Realencyclopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft (RE). Band XIV,2, Stuttgart 1930, Sp. 1601 f.
53:, who were prosecuted for having broken the vow of chastity in two famous trials between 115 and 113 BC. The first trial was conducted by the
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38:("as you propose"). Vesta and the voter are allusions to the election of Longinus Ravilla as prosecutor in the Vestals' case of 113.
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140:, where Longinus Ravilla held the trial in 113. On the left is a voting urn, and a ballot (
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16:
2nd century BC Roman Vestal
Virgins prosecuted for breaking their vow of chastity
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In
December 114 BC, the vestals Aemilia, Marcia and Licinia were tried for
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been interpreted as political. Among those men implicated were the orator
160:, who took the unusual step of transferring the case from the pontiff to
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164:, who was known for his severity. Licinia was defended by the orator
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and Marcia was therefore reopened the following year by the tribune
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is portrayed on the obverse. The reverse is a depiction of the
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34:. On the reverse, a voter is casting a ballot inscribed V, for
151:("acquitted" or "condemned"), a further reference to the trial.
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After the trial, several rituals were conducted to clean the
335:
Dictionary of Greek and Roman
Biography and Mythology
351:"M. Antonius and the Trial of the Vestal Virgins"
266:"M. Antonius and the Trial of the Vestal Virgins"
227:"M. Antonius and the Trial of the Vestal Virgins"
397:, American Philological Association, 1952–1986.
314:
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82:. Licinia was a member of the plebeian gens
8:
144:) is on the right. It is inscribed A C for
121:. Licinia and Marcia were both acquitted.
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395:The Magistrates of the Roman Republic
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119:Lucius Caecilius Metellus Dalmaticus
407:, Cambridge University Press, 1974.
14:
355:Rheinisches Museum für Philologie
270:Rheinisches Museum für Philologie
231:Rheinisches Museum für Philologie
318:
162:Lucius Cassius Longinus Ravilla
30:, 63 BC. The obverse depicts
1:
91:and possibly the daughter of
436:Executed ancient Roman women
72:Aemilia was a member of the
452:
431:2nd-century BC Roman women
405:Roman Republican Coinage
349:Gruen, Erich S. (1968).
304:Roman Republican Coinage
264:Gruen, Erich S. (1968).
225:Gruen, Erich S. (1968).
204:Roman Republican Coinage
130:Quintus Cassius Longinus
62:Cassius Longinus Ravilla
166:Lucius Licinius Crassus
28:Lucius Cassius Longinus
391:T. Robert S. Broughton
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39:
176:, who was acquitted.
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95:, praetor in 144 BC.
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93:Quintus Marcius Rex
58:Metellus Delmaticus
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43:Aemilia, Licinia
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138:Temple of Vesta
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68:The individuals
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328:, ed. (1870).
326:Smith, William
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128:Denarius of
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111:manumission
49:were Roman
415:Categories
302:Crawford,
202:Crawford,
191:References
132:, 55 BC.
99:The trials
367:0035-449X
361:(1): 63.
306:, p. 452.
282:0035-449X
276:(1): 60.
243:0035-449X
206:, p. 440.
181:holy fire
74:patrician
36:uti rogas
375:41244355
290:41244355
251:41244355
149:Condemno
134:Libertas
106:incestum
24:Denarius
146:Absolvo
142:tabella
84:Licinia
80:Aemilia
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288:
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89:Marcia
47:Marcia
371:JSTOR
286:JSTOR
247:JSTOR
32:Vesta
363:ISSN
278:ISSN
239:ISSN
77:gens
45:and
359:111
274:111
235:111
26:of
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