975:
1107:
1099:
122:
957:
516:
1253:
166:
410:
1238:
1006:
recover ricinuleids in their traditional position closely related to mites and ticks, further discoveries have revealed that the tip of the pedipalp ends in a small claw in both trigonotarbids and ricinuleids. If the hypothesis is true, ricinuleids, despite the lack of tetrapulmonate key characters (e.g. book lungs), may represent part of the pantetrapulmonate clade alongside trigonotarbids as well.
887:, were grouped into a subclass Stethostomata defined by a broad division of the body and downward-hanging mouthparts. Trigonotarbida was placed in its own subclass Soluta and defined as having a division of the body which was variable in width. Petrunkevitch's scheme was largely followed in subsequent studies of fossil arachnids.
1228:
The walking legs again follow the typical arachnid plan with a coxa, trochanter, femur, patella, tibia, metatarsus and tarsus. The coxae surround a single sternum. In well preserved palaeocharinids there is a ring, or annulus, around the trochanter–femur joint which may be the remains of an earlier
1320:
In July 2014 scientists used computer-based techniques to re-create a possible walking gait for the animal. A subsequent review article suggested by comparison with mites, with presumably similar lifestyle and environment, a metachronal rather than alternating leg coordination was more likely.
1005:
relationship between these arachnid groups. Both have opisthosomal tergites divided into median and lateral plates and both have a complicated coupling mechanism between the prosoma and the opisthosoma which 'locks' the two halves of the body together. Although cladistic analysis has tended to
1197:
or rostrum) and a lower lip (or labium). Inside the mouth there is some sort of filtering system formed from hairs or platelets which strongly suggests that trigonotarbids (like spiders and many other arachnids) could eat only preorally digested, liquified prey.
1280:
of segment 2 to 8 (segment 9 in some species) were all laterally divided into 3 (one median and two lateral) plates, with those of segment 2 and 3 fused to each other in most species. However, the corresponding tergites of the family
1271:
The opisthosoma is largely suboval in outline with a flatten dorsal surface. It compose of 12 segments, with some of them had undergone degrees of fusion or reduction, hence the previous misinterpretation of around 8 to 11 segments.
875:). Petrunkevitch's division of the trigonotarbids into two, unrelated, orders was noted above. In detail, he divided the arachnids into suborders based on the width of the division between the two parts of the body (the
1229:
leg segment. The legs are largely unmodified, although in
Anthracosironidae the forelegs are quite large and spiny, presumably to help catch prey. The legs end in three claws, two large ones and a smaller median claw.
1162:—there is an additional pair of lateral eye tubercles which, at least in palaeocharinids, appear to have borne a series of individual lenses. In this sense palaeocharinids seem to be in the process of reducing a
394:, some later trigonotarbid species were quite heavily armoured and protected themselves with spines and tubercles. About seventy species are currently known, with most fossils originating from the
4997:
Weihmann, Tom; Goetzke, Hanns Hagen; Günther, Michael (November 2015). "Requirements and limits of anatomy-based predictions of locomotion in terrestrial arthropods with emphasis on arachnids".
1285:
are further subdivided into 5 plates. The last 3 segments are usually only visible from the ventral side, with the 2 final segments constricted into a tiny ring-like section known as pygidium.
553:
in honour of Herr Völkel, the foreman of the mine where it was discovered. This species was raised to a new, extinct, arachnid order which Karsch called
Anthracomarti. The name is derived from
3785:
4633:
903:
analysis of fossil and living arachnids. They showed that trigonotarbids are closely related to a group of arachnids which have gone under various names (Caulogastra, Arachnidea,
1321:
Subsequent work by the researchers behind the initial publication used simulation approaches to assess the efficiency of a range of gaits using an updated trigonotarbid model.
5649:
3907:
William A. Shear, Paul A. Selden, W. D. I. Rolfe, Patricia M. Bonamo & James D. Grierson (1987). "New terrestrial arachnids from the
Devonian of Gilboa, New York".
3932:
1193:. The chelicerae may have been slightly retractable into the prosoma. Well-preserved palaeocharinids show evidence for a small, slit-like mouth with an upper lip (a
5555:
974:
5689:
4713:
3844:
4711:
Jason A. Dunlop (1994). "Comparative anatomy of filtration mechanisms in tetrapulmonate arachnids (Trigonotarbida, Araneae, Amblypygi, Uropygi and
Schizomida)".
5644:
1001:) were the last living descendants of the trigonotarbids. A similar hypothesis was reintroduced by Dunlop, who pointed out distinct similarities and possible
5654:
390:) across the backs of the animals' abdomens, which were characteristically divided into three or five separate plates. Probably living as predators on other
5659:
5426:
1276:
of the first segment partially covered by the posterior margin of preceding carapace, forming a complicated coupling mechanism known as 'locking ridge'.
4065:
1312:, air-breathing lifestyle. A pair of ventral sacs located between the posterior operculum and following sternite had been observed in some species.
5674:
5664:
5669:
5619:
4148:
Garwood, Russell J.; Dunlop, Jason A.; Selden, Paul A.; Spencer, Alan R. T.; Atwood, Robert C.; Vo, Nghia T.; Drakopoulos, Michael (2016).
1209:, i.e. they look like small legs and were not highly modified. There is no evidence for a special sperm transfer device as in the modified
5679:
5074:
4437:
4350:
3870:
Jason A. Dunlop, Carsten Kamenz and
Giovanni Talarico (2009). "A fossil trigonotarbid arachnid with a ricinuleid-like pedipalpal claw".
1221:(or apotele) and a projection from the tarsus. As mentioned above, a very similar arrangement is seen at the end of the pedipalp in
943:
was proposed which comprises
Trigonotarbida + Tetrapulmonata. This has since been corroborated in more recent cladistic analyses.
899:. They questioned whether it was appropriate to define a group of animals on a variable character state and carried out the first
5634:
3761:
Johann Kušta (1888). "O nových arachnidech z karbonu
Rakovnického. (Neue Arachniden aus der Steinkohlenformation bei Rakonitz)".
1189:
spiders. There is no evidence in well-preserved fossils for the opening of a venom gland, thus trigonotarbids were probably not
5684:
4486:
1106:
935:
and similar mouthparts with fangs operating rather like a pocket knife. In a 2007 study of arachnid relationships, the Shear
4207:
Wang, Bo; Dunlop, Jason A.; Selden, Paul A.; Garwood, Russell J.; Shear, William A.; Müller, Patrick; Lei, Xiaojie (2018).
3397:"The youngest trigonotarbid Permotarbus schuberti n. gen., n. sp. from the Permian Petrified Forest of Chemnitz in Germany"
1098:
3508:
895:
In the 1980s, Bill Shear and colleagues carried out an important study on well preserved Mid
Devonian trigonotarbids from
871:
Early studies tended to confuse trigonotarbids with other living or extinct groups of arachnids; particularly harvestmen (
1122:
on the dorsal side of the opisthosoma divided into median and lateral plates. This character is shared with ricinuleids (
165:
4680:
3625:
Pocock, 1911, revealed by X-ray computed tomography, with a cladistic analysis of the extinct trigonotarbid arachnids".
1194:
1173:
are of the "pocket-knife" type consisting of a basal segment and a sharp, curving fang. The chelicerae are described as
5629:
5624:
1213:
of male spiders. In at least the palaeocharinids and anthracomartids the tip of the pedipalp is modified into a small
3763:
Sitzungsberichte der Königlich Böhmischen
Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse
3744:
Sitzungsberichte der Königlich Böhmischen
Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse
3725:
Sitzungsberichte der Königlich Böhmischen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse
3706:
Sitzungsberichte der Königlich Böhmischen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse
3579:"Discovery of the remains of a fossil crab (Decapoda–Bracyura) in the Coal Measures of the Environs of Mons, Belgium"
5639:
3574:
3522:
456:
3193:
2015:
3909:
2606:
2048:
2026:
1571:
573:. A number of other fossils which would eventually be placed in Trigonotarbida were discovered around this time.
452:
1788:
1560:
1447:
5614:
2675:
2037:
1955:
1893:
1594:
1549:
1470:
1218:
2629:
2520:
2509:
1966:
4587:
Stanley Hirst & S. Maulik (1926). "On some arthropod remains from the Rhynie Chert (Old Red Sandstone)".
3836:
3251:
2968:
2442:
2341:
2306:
1777:
1538:
1425:
382:. They ranged in size from a few millimetres to a few centimetres in body length and had segmented abdomens (
5609:
5067:
4999:
4749:
4208:
3159:
3095:
3072:
2886:
2352:
2295:
2239:
2176:
2147:
1977:
1826:
1493:
1436:
1414:
1391:
1288:
Ventral side of opisthosomal segment 2 to 9 covered by series of lung-bearing opercula (2 and 3) and curved
235:
3136:
2822:
2801:
2790:
2284:
1915:
1527:
121:
5495:
3780:
3015:
2249:
1926:
1904:
1837:
1516:
614:
606:
2845:
2226:
2094:
2071:
1632:
1356:
556:
5581:
4807:
3926:
3504:
1205:
have the typical arachnid structure with a coxa, trochanter, femur, patella, tibia and tarsus. They are
3469:"Tomographic reconstruction of the exceptionally preserved trigonotarbid arachnid Eophrynus prestvicii"
3214:
2665:
2583:
2400:
2126:
1159:
1068:
1019:
956:
261:
3655:(1882). "Ueber ein neues Spinnenthier aus der Schlesischen Steinkohle und die Arachnoiden überhaupt".
2945:
1370:
1151:
1035:
1014:
The first cladistic analysis of the trigonotarbids was published in 2014. This recovered the families
251:
5542:
5008:
4932:
4825:
4758:
4598:
4545:
4495:
4446:
4283:
4220:
3952:
3540:
3408:
3183:
2741:
2619:
2366:
2263:
1611:
1460:
1031:
1027:
461:
276:
266:
2752:
2562:
1404:
1039:
281:
5533:
4816:
4589:
3583:
3531:
3241:
3062:
2980:
2596:
2413:
2320:
2274:
1622:
1584:
1138:(or abdomen). Body length ranges from a couple of millimetres up to about 5 cm (2.0 in).
1056:
574:
521:
515:
271:
144:
4480:
Ronny Rößler & Jason A. Dunlop (1997). "Redescription of the largest trigonotarbid arachnid –
3527:"On the discovery of a new and very perfect Arachnide from the ironstone of the Dudley Coal-field"
3149:
3085:
2765:
2137:
1483:
1381:
1346:
1308:
of trigonotarbids formed by layers of trabecula-bearing lamellae, which is a feature adapted to a
1243:
5060:
5024:
4956:
4841:
4782:
4661:
4614:
4569:
4511:
4462:
4252:
3979:
3889:
3812:
3674:
3600:
3556:
3505:
The Bridgewater treatises on the power, wisdom and goodness of God as manifested in the creation.
3370:
3126:
2958:
2876:
2835:
2652:
2331:
1309:
1086:
1050:
295:
160:
5586:
4745:"The walking dead: Blender as a tool for paleontologists with a case study on extinct arachnids"
4382:"High-fidelity X-ray micro-tomography reconstruction of siderite-hosted Carboniferous arachnids"
3205:
2814:
2216:
2061:
1292:(4 to 9). The first segment apparently lacking any ventral plates. Just like other lung-bearing
503:; although this fossil is known only from its abdomen and was initially mistaken for those of a
2935:
1252:
5568:
5386:
4948:
4898:
4880:
4774:
4653:
4561:
4413:
4319:
4301:
4244:
4236:
4189:
4171:
4130:
4041:
4033:
3971:
3426:
940:
854:
637:
5573:
2573:
2390:
1062:
5560:
5469:
5016:
4940:
4888:
4872:
4833:
4766:
4645:
4606:
4553:
4503:
4454:
4403:
4395:
4359:
4337:
4309:
4291:
4228:
4179:
4161:
4120:
4110:
4074:
4025:
3961:
3914:
3881:
3802:
3794:
3742:
Johann Kušta (1885). "Neue fossile Arthropoden aus dem Noeggarathienschiefer von Rakonitz".
3652:
3634:
3592:
3548:
3496:
3476:
3416:
3362:
1646:
1282:
1257:
1155:
1015:
986:
896:
534:
432:
409:
256:
4975:
4859:
Kamenz, Carsten; Dunlop, Jason A; Scholtz, Gerhard; Kerp, Hans; Hass, Hagen (2008-04-23).
4386:
4346:
Guèr. als einziger recenter Ausläufer der fossilen Arachnoideen-Ordnung Meridogastra Thor"
997:
In 1892, Ferdinand Karsch suggested that the rare and rather bizarre-looking ricinuleids (
328:
4918:"A new early devonian trigonotarbid arachnid from the Windyfield Chert, Rhynie, Scotland"
4433:"A new early Devonian trigonotarbid arachnid from the Windyfield chert, Rhynie, Scotland"
5012:
4936:
4829:
4762:
4602:
4549:
4499:
4450:
4287:
4224:
3544:
3447:
3412:
1237:
5378:
5368:
5363:
5223:
5198:
5133:
4893:
4860:
4408:
4381:
4314:
4271:
4184:
4149:
4125:
4098:
3966:
3947:
3174:
1688:
1506:
1301:
1044:
964:
908:
695:
602:
590:
130:
3468:
5603:
4960:
4845:
4786:
4618:
4557:
4515:
4466:
4209:"Cretaceous arachnid Chimerarachne yingi gen. et sp. nov. illuminates spider origins"
4079:
4060:
3872:
3604:
3560:
3374:
3366:
1602:
1214:
1186:
1182:
1166:. Anterior margin of the carapace protrude into a projection referred to as clypeus.
1131:
618:
496:
424:
398:
395:
363:
351:
111:
107:
70:
5028:
4665:
4573:
3983:
468:
5404:
4256:
3893:
3807:
3266:
1163:
1002:
4270:
Garwood, Russell J.; Dunlop, Jason A.; Knecht, Brian J.; Hegna, Thomas A. (2017).
4099:"Three-dimensional reconstruction and the phylogeny of extinct chelicerate orders"
4061:"A phylogenetic analysis of the arachnid orders based on morphological characters"
3723:
Johann Kušta (1884). "Neue Arachniden aus der Steinkohlenformation von Rakonitz".
5527:
5391:
5355:
5108:
4917:
4649:
3621:
Jones, Fiona; Dunlop, Jason A.; Friedman, Matthew; Garwood, Russell J. (2014). "
2707:
2642:
1210:
1135:
1074:
1023:
880:
605:, and published further descriptions in a number of subsequent papers. In 1884,
598:
383:
286:
207:
45:
3837:"Evidence for a sister group relationship between Ricinulei and Trigonotarbida"
5464:
5282:
5141:
4944:
4837:
4610:
4458:
4296:
4232:
4029:
3885:
3596:
3552:
2084:
1262:
1178:
1170:
981:
928:
791:
151:
90:
55:
17:
4952:
4884:
4778:
4657:
4565:
4363:
4305:
4240:
4175:
4037:
3430:
5323:
5260:
5206:
5171:
5154:
5102:
4534:"Morphology and systematics of anthracomartidae (Arachnida: Trigonotarbida)"
4150:"Almost a spider: a 305-million-year-old fossil arachnid and spider origins"
2731:
1305:
1222:
1127:
1123:
1080:
998:
932:
920:
900:
884:
872:
858:
753:
731:
674:
538:
488:
415:
391:
379:
367:
355:
197:
177:
137:
95:
5518:
4902:
4876:
4690:. Siedlce: Wydawnictwo Wyzszej Skoly Rolniczo-Pedagogicznej. pp. 65–82
4417:
4399:
4323:
4248:
4193:
4166:
4134:
4045:
3975:
3421:
3481:
5512:
5248:
5179:
5083:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1202:
1190:
1147:
343:
335:
217:
85:
80:
65:
60:
50:
5044:
The Simulation of the Walking Gait of the Extinct Trigonotarbid Arachnid
5020:
3816:
931:) and, together with trigonotarbids, share characters like two pairs of
423:
The first trigonotarbid was described in 1837 from the coal measures of
5290:
4507:
4432:
3396:
1338:
1330:
1277:
1273:
1150:
and always bears a pair of median eyes. In the probably basal families
924:
916:
876:
862:
775:
708:
586:
582:
542:
531:
500:
483:
444:
428:
347:
100:
75:
4115:
3638:
3501:
Treatise IV. Geology and mineralogy with reference to natural theology
1042:
were not. Two clades were consistently recovered with strong support—(
5235:
5096:
3918:
3798:
1119:
1115:
912:
546:
448:
436:
387:
375:
359:
339:
187:
5489:
4811:
4681:"Palaeozoic arachnids and their significance for arachnid phylogeny"
4341:
4013:
3578:
3526:
857:, showing position of Trigonotarbita and possible relationship with
5052:
4770:
4744:
5336:
4533:
3783:(1884). "A contribution to our knowledge of Paleozoic Arachnida".
3450:. In World Spider Catalog. Natural History Museum Bern, online at
3350:
1251:
1236:
1105:
1097:
911:
has become most widespread. Members of the Tetrapulmonata include
514:
408:
4431:
Stephen R. Fayers, Jason A. Dunlop & Nigel H. Trewin (2005).
537:
described a number of fossil arachnids from the coal measures of
5547:
5396:
4484:
Geinitz 1882 from the Upper Carboniferous of Zwickau, Germany".
3681:, ein Pseudoskorpion aus der Steinkohlenformation von Zwickau".
570:
504:
5493:
5453:
5121:
5056:
4916:
Fayers, Stephen R.; Dunlop, Jason A.; Trewin, Nigel H. (2005).
4380:
Russell Garwood, Jason A. Dunlop & Mark D. Sutton (2009).
1177:: the fangs are held parallel to one another, like those of
443:. A much better preserved example was later discovered from
1110:
External morphology of a trigonotarbid in sagittal section.
459:, he correctly identified it as an arachnid and renamed it
4688:
Proceedings of the 16th European Colloquium of Arachnology
491:). Woodward subsequently described another trigonotarbid,
1185:
spiders, but the chelicerae hang downwards like those of
1102:
Dorsal (A) and ventral (B) morphology of a trigonotarbid.
3786:
Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
4154:
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
358:). These animals are known from several localities in
3451:
1130:). As in other arachnids, the body is divided into a
3948:"Evolutionary morphology and phylogeny of Arachnida"
3448:
A summary list of fossil spiders and their relatives
5502:
5377:
5354:
5335:
5310:
5272:
5247:
5222:
5191:
5164:
5153:
5132:
4743:Garwood, Russell J.; Dunlop, Jason A. (July 2014).
3683:
Zeitschrift der Deutschen Geologischen Gesellschaft
3657:
Zeitschrift der Deutschen Geologischen Gesellschaft
1333:had been included under Trigonotarbida as follows:
3704:, eine neue Arachnide aus dem Böhmischen Karbon".
4632:Miether, Sebastian T.; Dunlop, Jason A. (2016).
3446:Dunlop, J. A., Penney, D. & Jekel, D. 2020.
4714:Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society
4532:Garwood, Russell J.; Dunlop, Jason A. (2011).
4097:Garwood, Russell J.; Dunlop, Jason A. (2014).
3845:Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society
3349:Garwood, Russell J.; Dunlop, Jason A. (2010).
3077:Poschmann, Dunlop, Bértoux & Galtier, 2016
3067:Poschmann, Dunlop, Bértoux & Galtier, 2016
968:, a genus known to have tiny pedipalpal claws.
883:). Anthracomartida and another extinct order,
5068:
4012:Dunlop, Jason A.; Lamsdell, James C. (2017).
939:hypothesis was largely supported and a group
8:
3931:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2527:– Late Carboniferous, Europe, North America
1054:as sister group the 'eophrynid assemblage' (
378:-like arachnids, but without silk-producing
4861:"Microanatomy of Early Devonian book lungs"
1048:(Archaeomartidae + Anthracomartidae)), and
563:
554:
475:
466:
5490:
5450:
5351:
5316:
5253:
5228:
5161:
5129:
5118:
5075:
5061:
5053:
4014:"Segmentation and tagmosis in Chelicerata"
526:, the eponymous species of Trigonotarbida.
120:
31:
5650:Carboniferous arthropods of North America
4892:
4407:
4313:
4295:
4183:
4165:
4124:
4114:
4078:
4066:Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
3965:
3806:
3627:Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
3480:
3420:
1118:, but can be easily recognised by having
589:, although he interpreted it as a fossil
4634:"Lateral eye evolution in the arachnids"
3467:Dunlop, Jason; Garwood, Russell (2014).
3395:Dunlop, J. A.; Rößler, R. (2013-08-01).
2893:– Late Carboniferous, UK, United States
4092:
4090:
3616:
3614:
3326:
4272:"The phylogeny of fossil whip spiders"
3924:
3344:
3342:
3340:
3338:
3336:
3334:
3332:
3330:
1114:Trigonotarbids superficially resemble
5690:Taxa named by Alexander Petrunkevitch
4738:
4736:
4734:
4732:
4730:
4728:
4706:
4704:
4527:
4525:
4375:
4373:
4018:Arthropod Structure & Development
4007:
4005:
4003:
4001:
3999:
3997:
3995:
3993:
3865:
3863:
3861:
3859:
3830:
3828:
3826:
3022:– Late Carboniferous, Czech Republic
2852:– Late Carboniferous, Czech Republic
1933:– Late Carboniferous, Czech Republic
1795:– Late Carboniferous, Czech Republic
431:by the famous English geologist Dean
7:
5645:Devonian arthropods of North America
3462:
3460:
3442:
3440:
3079:- Carboniferous, Graissessac, France
2952:– Early Carboniferous, United States
2829:– Late Carboniferous, Czech Republic
2808:– Late Carboniferous, Czech Republic
2797:– Late Carboniferous, Czech Republic
2022:– Late Carboniferous, Czech Republic
1962:– Late Carboniferous, Czech Republic
1922:– Late Carboniferous, Czech Republic
1911:– Late Carboniferous, Czech Republic
1833:– Late Carboniferous, Czech Republic
1784:– Late Carboniferous, Czech Republic
5655:Permian arthropods of North America
4925:Journal of Systematic Palaeontology
4438:Journal of Systematic Palaeontology
4351:Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift
3351:"Fossils Explained: Trigonotarbids"
2757:Brauckmann, Koch & Kemper, 1985
2449:– Early/Late Carboniferous, Europe
2383:Trigonomartidae Petrunkevitch, 1949
2359:– Late Carboniferous, United States
2348:– Late Carboniferous, United States
2044:– Late Carboniferous, United States
1675:Coryphomartidae Petrunkevitch, 1945
768:
746:
723:
701:
650:
643:
633:
465:—whereby the genus name comes from
5660:Carboniferous arthropods of Europe
5046:(MPhil). University of Manchester.
3967:10.1111/j.1096-0031.1990.tb00523.x
1267:, showing 5 rows of dorsal plates.
366:, as well as a single record from
25:
2435:Phrynomartus Petrunkevitch, 1945a
2429:Trigonomartus Petrunkevitch, 1913
1576:Fayers, Dunlop & Trewin, 2005
487:, a genus of living whip spider (
5434:are possibly paraphyletic groups
4976:"Ancient arachnid 'walks again'"
4558:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2010.01000.x
4080:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2007.00284.x
3367:10.1111/j.1365-2451.2010.00742.x
3102:- Carboniferous, Hagen-Vorhalle
1681:Pleomartidae Petrunkevitch, 1945
973:
955:
927:) and shorttailed whipscorpion (
435:. He believed it to be a fossil
386:), with the dorsal exoskeleton (
164:
3100:(Dunlop & Brauckmann, 2006)
2613:– Late Carboniferous, Argentina
1498:Shear, Selden & Rolfe, 1987
1488:Shear, Selden & Rolfe, 1987
1452:Shear, Selden & Rolfe, 1987
1441:Shear, Selden & Rolfe, 1987
1430:Shear, Selden & Rolfe, 1987
1419:Shear, Selden & Rolfe, 1987
1409:Shear, Selden & Rolfe, 1987
1396:Shear, Selden & Rolfe, 1987
1386:Shear, Selden & Rolfe, 1987
4812:"A new Carboniferous arachnid"
4213:Nature Ecology & Evolution
3298:– Late Carboniferous, Scotland
3221:- Carboniferous, West Virginia
2682:– Late Carboniferous, England
2407:- Devonian, Alken an der Mosel
1984:– Late Carboniferous, England
1844:– Late Carboniferous, England
1639:- Devonian, Alken an der Mosel
1477:– Late Devonian, United States
1146:The prosoma is covered by the
947:Trigonotarbids and ricinuleids
617:—the first trigonotarbid from
1:
5675:Silurian arthropods of Europe
5665:Devonian arthropods of Europe
4974:Jonathan Amos (9 July 2014).
3473:Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
3289:– Late Carboniferous, Germany
3280:– Late Carboniferous, Germany
3258:- Carboniferous, Rhode Island
3200:– Late Carboniferous, Germany
3115:Dunlop & Brauckmann, 2006
2759:– Late Carboniferous, Germany
2748:– Late Carboniferous, England
2659:– Late Carboniferous, Germany
2302:– Late Carboniferous, England
2183:– Late Carboniferous, Europe
2154:– Late Carboniferous, Europe
2101:– Late Carboniferous, Europe
2078:– Late Carboniferous, Belgium
1973:– Late Carboniferous, Germany
1500:– Mid Devonian, United States
1454:– Mid Devonian, United States
1443:– Mid Devonian, United States
1432:– Mid Devonian, United States
1421:– Mid Devonian, United States
1398:– Mid Devonian, United States
1026:as monophyletic. In contrast
342:record extends from the late
312:Thorell & Lindström, 1885
5670:Permian arthropods of Europe
5620:Prehistoric arthropod orders
5425:Classification is based on
4487:Paläontologische Zeitschrift
3316:– Late Carboniferous, Canada
3307:– Late Carboniferous, Canada
3194:Anthracophrynus tuberculatus
3090:Poschmann & Dunlop, 2010
3042:Pseudoeophrynus ostraviensis
2636:– Late Carboniferous, France
2590:– Late Carboniferous, France
2291:– Late Carboniferous, France
2055:– Late Carboniferous, Poland
2033:– Late Carboniferous, Canada
2016:Anthracomartus radvanicensis
1900:– Late Carboniferous, Poland
1589:Poschmann & Dunlop, 2011
495:, from the coal measures of
5285:(shorttailed whipscorpions)
4650:10.13156/arac.2006.17.2.103
2607:Gondwanarache argentinensis
2049:Anthracomartus voelkelianus
2027:Anthracomartus triangularis
1599:Poschman & Dunlop, 2011
1572:Palaeocharinus tuberculatus
1248:, showing divided tergites.
990:, showing divided tergites.
551:Anthracomartus voelkelianus
5706:
5680:Silurian first appearances
4059:Jeffrey W. Shultz (2007).
3946:Jeffrey W. Shultz (1990).
3164:Hradská & Dunlop, 2013
3154:Hradská & Dunlop, 2013
2924:Ambrose & Romano, 1972
2611:Pinto & Hünicken, 1980
2601:Pinto & Hünicken, 1980
2498:Brachylycosa manebachensis
1789:Anthracomartus carcinoides
1669:Brachypygidae Pocock, 1911
1578:– Early Devonian, Scotland
1567:– Early Devonian, Scotland
1561:Palaeocharinus scourfieldi
1556:– Early Devonian, Scotland
1545:– Early Devonian, Scotland
1534:– Early Devonian, Scotland
1523:– Early Devonian, Scotland
1448:Gelasinotarbus reticulatus
907:), but for which the name
581:from the coal measures of
549:), including one he named
27:Extinct order of arachnids
5460:
5449:
5421:
5319:
5263:(tailless whip scorpions)
5256:
5231:
5128:
5117:
5091:
4945:10.1017/S147720190400149X
4838:10.1017/S001675680011252X
4611:10.1017/S0016756800083692
4459:10.1017/S147720190400149X
4297:10.1186/s12862-017-0931-1
4233:10.1038/s41559-017-0449-3
4030:10.1016/j.asd.2016.05.002
3910:American Museum Novitates
3886:10.1007/s00435-009-0090-z
3597:10.1017/S0016756800152616
3553:10.1017/s0016756800192817
3141:Dunlop & Rößler, 2013
3131:Dunlop & Rößler, 2013
2770:Harvey & Selden, 1995
2676:Pseudokreischeria pococki
2313:– Early Devonian, Germany
2256:- Carboniferous, Silesia
2231:Dunlop & Selden, 2004
2221:Dunlop & Selden, 2004
2038:Anthracomartus trilobitus
1956:Anthracomartus nyranensis
1894:Anthracomartus granulatus
1595:Spinocharinus steinmeyeri
1550:Palaeocharinus rhyniensis
1471:Gigantocharinus szatmaryi
789:
773:
766:
751:
744:
728:
721:
706:
699:
672:
655:
648:
641:
611:Anthracomartus trilobitus
593:. Johann Kušta described
555:
467:
453:West Midlands conurbation
301:
294:
248:
243:
161:Scientific classification
159:
128:
119:
34:
5042:MCLean, Callum. (2017).
4364:10.1002/mmnd.18920370108
4276:BMC Evolutionary Biology
3835:Jason A. Dunlop (1996).
3507:(2nd ed.). London:
3237:– Early Permian, Germany
2724:Hemiphrynidae Frič, 1904
2630:Hemikreischeria geinitzi
2521:Aphantomartus pustulatus
2510:Aphantomartus ilfeldicus
1967:Anthracomartus palatinus
1363:– Late Silurian, England
5635:Carboniferous arachnids
5000:Journal of Paleontology
4750:Journal of Paleontology
3808:2027/hvd.32044107176828
3252:Aphantomartus woodruffi
3113:Archaeomartus roessleri
2969:Somaspidion hammapheron
2906:Dix & Pringle, 1930
2548:Cleptomartus plötzensis
2469:Trigonomartus dorlodoti
2443:Aphantomartus areolatus
2342:Lissomartus carbonarius
2307:Trigonotarbus stoermeri
2233:– Early Devonian, Wales
1778:Anthracomartus bohemica
1663:Promygalidae Frič, 1904
1539:Palaeocharinus kidstoni
1426:Gelasinotarbus bonamoae
1217:(claw) formed from the
1134:(or cephalothorax) and
1128:Ricinulei#Relationships
865:taxa indicaded by '†'.
481:, meaning 'dawn'), and
455:. Described in 1871 by
5685:Cisuralian extinctions
4877:10.1098/rsbl.2007.0597
4400:10.1098/rsbl.2009.0464
4167:10.1098/rspb.2016.0125
3702:Anthracomartus krejcii
3700:Johann Kušta (1883). "
3623:Trigonotarbus johnsoni
3422:10.5194/fr-16-229-2013
3311:?Eurymartus spinulosus
3166:- Carboniferous, Týnec
3160:Tynecotarbus tichaveki
3096:Namurotarbus roessleri
3073:Aenigmatarbus rastelli
2887:Pleophrynus verrucosus
2863:Anthracomartus affinis
2488:Trigonomartus pruvosti
2353:Lissomartus schucherti
2296:Trigonotarbus johnsoni
2177:Anthracosiro woodwardi
2165:Anthracosiro elongatus
2148:Anthracosiro fritschii
2112:Maiocercus orbicularis
1995:Anthracomartus denuiti
1978:Anthracomartus priesti
1827:Anthracomartus elegans
1517:Palaeocharinus calmani
1494:Gilboarachne griersoni
1437:Gelasinotarbus heptops
1415:Gelasinotarbus bifidus
1392:Aculeatarbus depressus
1268:
1249:
1111:
1103:
1010:Internal relationships
853:Internal phylogeny of
615:Fayetteville, Arkansas
607:Samuel Hubbard Scudder
595:Anthracomartus krejcii
569:), the Greek word for
564:
527:
476:
451:; also in the English
441:Curculoides prestvicii
420:
334:is a group of extinct
5582:Paleobiology Database
5144:(microwhip scorpions)
4679:Dunlop, J.A. (1997).
3482:10.4202/app.2012.0032
3293:Elaverimartus pococki
3284:Anthracomartus hageni
3137:Permotarbus schuberti
2823:Petrovicia proditoria
2802:Nyranytarbus longipes
2791:Nyranytarbus hofmanni
2460:Aphantomartus pococki
2357:(Petrunkevitch, 1913)
2346:(Petrunkevitch, 1913)
2285:Trigonotarbus arnoldi
1960:(Petrunkevitch, 1953)
1944:Anthracomartus socius
1916:Anthracomartus kustae
1855:Cleptomartus hangardi
1528:Palaeocharinus hornei
1329:As of 2020, 70 valid
1256:Reconstruction of an
1255:
1240:
1109:
1101:
518:
412:
405:Historical background
5326:(hooded tickspiders)
3275:Anthracomartus buchi
3033:Cyclotrogulus sturii
3016:Stenotrogulus salmii
2915:Petrunkevitch, 1945a
2881:Petrunkevitch, 1945a
2742:Eophrynus prestvicii
2250:Vratislavia silesica
2203:Anthracosiro latipes
2194:Anthracosiro corsini
2004:Cleptomartus plautus
1927:Anthracomartus minor
1905:Anthracomartus janae
1882:Cryptomartus rebskei
1838:Anthracomartus hindi
1815:Perneria salticoides
530:In 1882, the German
511:A new arachnid order
462:Eophrynus prestvicii
374:can be envisaged as
5021:10.1017/jpa.2016.33
5013:2015JPal...89..980W
4937:2005JSPal...2..269F
4830:1903GeoM...10..247P
4817:Geological Magazine
4763:2014JPal...88..735G
4603:1926GeoM...63...69H
4590:Geological Magazine
4550:2011Palgy..54..145G
4500:1997PalZ...71..237R
4451:2005JSPal...2..269F
4288:2017BMCEE..17..105G
4225:2018NatEE...2..614W
3584:Geological Magazine
3545:1871GeoM....8..385W
3532:Geological Magazine
3413:2013FossR..16..229D
3296:Petrunkevitch, 1953
3219:Petrunkevitch, 1913
3209:Petrunkevitch, 1913
2940:Petrunkevitch, 1953
2913:Pleophrynus ensifer
2846:Planomartus krejcii
2840:Petrunkevitch, 1953
2695:Petrunkevitch, 1949
2670:Petrunkevitch, 1953
2578:Petrunkevitch, 1953
2539:Kreischeria villeti
2490:van der Heide, 1951
2478:Eophrynus waechteri
2370:Petrunkevitch, 1945
2336:Petrunkevitch, 1949
2289:Petrunkevitch, 1955
2267:Petrunkevitch, 1949
2227:Arianrhoda bennetti
2095:Maiocercus celticus
2072:Brachypyge carbonis
2031:Petrunkevitch, 1913
2006:Petrunkevitch, 1949
1920:Petrunkevitch, 1953
1875:Petrunkevitch, 1949
1873:Cleptomartus planus
1864:Cryptomartus meyeri
1761:Petrunkevitch, 1945
1743:Petrunkevitch, 1953
1734:Petrunkevitch, 1945
1725:Petrunkevitch, 1945
1716:Petrunkevitch, 1949
1633:Archaeomartus levis
1357:Palaeotarbus jerami
923:), whip scorpions (
575:Hanns Bruno Geinitz
493:Brachypyge carbonis
5630:Devonian arachnids
5625:Silurian arachnids
5199:Pseudoscorpionida
4508:10.1007/BF02988493
4482:Kreischeria wiedei
4160:(1827): 20160125.
3679:Kreischeria wiedei
3452:http://wsc.nmbe.ch
3287:(Goldenberg, 1873)
3278:(Goldenberg, 1873)
2653:Kreischeria wiedei
2516:– Permian, Germany
1269:
1250:
1158:—and perhaps also
1112:
1104:
962:Reconstruction of
579:Kreischeria wiedei
528:
519:Reconstruction of
421:
5640:Permian arachnids
5597:
5596:
5569:Open Tree of Life
5496:Taxon identifiers
5487:
5486:
5483:
5482:
5445:
5444:
5441:
5440:
5417:
5416:
5413:
5412:
5400:
5387:Opilioacariformes
5347:
5327:
5306:
5305:
5302:
5301:
5294:
5286:
5264:
5239:
5218:
5217:
5210:
5202:
5201:(pseudoscorpions)
5183:
5175:
5145:
4116:10.7717/peerj.641
3781:Samuel H. Scudder
3639:10.1111/zoj.12167
3509:William Pickering
3315:
3306:
3297:
3288:
3279:
3257:
3247:
3236:
3220:
3215:Areomartus ovatus
3210:
3199:
3189:
3165:
3155:
3143:Permian, Chemnitz
3142:
3132:
3116:
3107:
3101:
3091:
3078:
3068:
3045:
3036:
3027:
3021:
3009:
3000:
2991:
2986:
2974:
2964:
2951:
2941:
2925:
2922:Eophrynus jugatus
2916:
2907:
2898:
2892:
2882:
2866:
2857:
2851:
2841:
2828:
2807:
2796:
2784:
2776:
2771:
2758:
2747:
2737:
2725:
2719:
2712:
2696:
2687:
2681:
2671:
2666:Pseudokreischeria
2658:
2648:
2635:
2625:
2612:
2602:
2589:
2584:Anzinia thevenini
2579:
2567:
2551:
2542:
2532:
2526:
2515:
2501:
2491:
2481:
2472:
2463:
2454:
2448:
2436:
2430:
2424:
2419:
2406:
2401:Alkenia mirabilis
2396:
2384:
2378:
2371:
2358:
2347:
2337:
2325:
2312:
2301:
2290:
2280:
2268:
2255:
2245:
2232:
2222:
2206:
2197:
2188:
2182:
2168:
2159:
2153:
2143:
2131:
2127:Anthracosironidae
2115:
2106:
2100:
2090:
2077:
2067:
2054:
2043:
2032:
2021:
2007:
1998:
1989:
1983:
1972:
1961:
1947:
1938:
1932:
1921:
1910:
1899:
1885:
1876:
1867:
1858:
1849:
1843:
1832:
1818:
1809:
1806:Promygale rotunda
1800:
1794:
1783:
1771:
1762:
1753:
1744:
1735:
1726:
1717:
1708:
1699:
1694:
1682:
1676:
1670:
1664:
1658:
1651:
1638:
1628:
1616:
1600:
1590:
1577:
1566:
1555:
1544:
1533:
1522:
1512:
1499:
1489:
1476:
1466:
1453:
1442:
1431:
1420:
1410:
1397:
1387:
1375:
1362:
1352:
1160:Anthracosironidae
1069:Pseudokreischeria
1020:Anthracosironidae
941:Pantetrapulmonata
919:), whip spiders (
891:Pantetrapulmonata
869:
868:
855:Pantetrapulmonata
847:
846:
838:
837:
829:
828:
820:
819:
811:
810:
802:
801:
685:
684:
638:Pantetrapulmonata
325:
324:
319:
313:
307:
262:Anthracosironidae
239:
114:
41:Pridoli–Sakmarian
16:(Redirected from
5697:
5590:
5589:
5577:
5576:
5564:
5563:
5551:
5550:
5538:
5537:
5536:
5523:
5522:
5521:
5491:
5470:Phalangiotarbida
5451:
5433:
5398:
5352:
5346:
5345:
5341:
5339:
5325:
5317:
5313:
5292:
5284:
5262:
5254:
5237:
5229:
5208:
5200:
5181:
5173:
5162:
5157:
5143:
5130:
5119:
5077:
5070:
5063:
5054:
5048:
5047:
5039:
5033:
5032:
4994:
4988:
4987:
4985:
4983:
4971:
4965:
4964:
4922:
4913:
4907:
4906:
4896:
4856:
4850:
4849:
4804:
4798:
4797:
4795:
4793:
4740:
4723:
4722:
4708:
4699:
4698:
4696:
4695:
4685:
4676:
4670:
4669:
4629:
4623:
4622:
4584:
4578:
4577:
4529:
4520:
4519:
4494:(3–4): 237–245.
4477:
4471:
4470:
4428:
4422:
4421:
4411:
4377:
4368:
4367:
4338:Ferdinand Karsch
4334:
4328:
4327:
4317:
4299:
4267:
4261:
4260:
4204:
4198:
4197:
4187:
4169:
4145:
4139:
4138:
4128:
4118:
4094:
4085:
4084:
4082:
4056:
4050:
4049:
4009:
3988:
3987:
3969:
3943:
3937:
3936:
3930:
3922:
3904:
3898:
3897:
3867:
3854:
3853:
3841:
3832:
3821:
3820:
3810:
3799:10.2307/25138764
3777:
3771:
3770:
3758:
3752:
3751:
3739:
3733:
3732:
3720:
3714:
3713:
3697:
3691:
3690:
3671:
3665:
3664:
3649:
3643:
3642:
3618:
3609:
3608:
3571:
3565:
3564:
3519:
3513:
3512:
3497:William Buckland
3493:
3487:
3486:
3484:
3464:
3455:
3444:
3435:
3434:
3424:
3392:
3386:
3385:
3383:
3381:
3346:
3313:
3304:
3302:Eurymartus latus
3295:
3286:
3277:
3255:
3245:
3234:
3218:
3208:
3197:
3187:
3163:
3153:
3140:
3130:
3110:
3105:
3099:
3089:
3076:
3066:
3056:Family uncertain
3040:
3031:
3025:
3019:
3004:
2995:
2989:
2984:
2972:
2962:
2949:
2946:Pocononia whitei
2939:
2920:
2911:
2902:
2896:
2890:
2880:
2861:
2855:
2849:
2839:
2826:
2805:
2794:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2756:
2746:(Buckland, 1837)
2745:
2735:
2723:
2717:
2710:
2693:Eophrynus varius
2691:
2685:
2679:
2669:
2656:
2646:
2634:(Thevenin, 1902)
2633:
2623:
2610:
2600:
2587:
2577:
2565:
2546:
2536:
2530:
2524:
2513:
2495:
2485:
2476:
2467:
2458:
2452:
2446:
2434:
2428:
2422:
2417:
2404:
2394:
2382:
2376:
2369:
2356:
2345:
2335:
2323:
2310:
2299:
2288:
2278:
2266:
2253:
2243:
2230:
2220:
2201:
2192:
2186:
2180:
2163:
2157:
2151:
2141:
2129:
2110:
2104:
2098:
2088:
2075:
2065:
2052:
2041:
2030:
2020:(Opluštil, 1985)
2019:
2002:
1993:
1987:
1981:
1970:
1959:
1942:
1936:
1930:
1919:
1909:(Opluštil, 1986)
1908:
1897:
1884:Brauckmann, 1984
1880:
1871:
1862:
1853:
1847:
1841:
1830:
1813:
1804:
1798:
1792:
1781:
1766:
1757:
1748:
1739:
1730:
1721:
1712:
1703:
1697:
1692:
1680:
1674:
1668:
1662:
1656:
1649:
1647:Anthracomartidae
1636:
1626:
1614:
1598:
1588:
1575:
1564:
1553:
1542:
1531:
1520:
1510:
1497:
1487:
1474:
1464:
1451:
1440:
1429:
1418:
1408:
1395:
1385:
1373:
1371:Palaeocharinidae
1360:
1350:
1283:Anthracomartidae
1156:Anthracomartidae
1152:Palaeocharinidae
1036:Palaeocharinidae
1016:Anthracomartidae
987:Ricinoides atewa
977:
959:
897:Gilboa, New York
769:
747:
724:
702:
651:
644:
634:
629:
628:
567:
560:
559:
535:Ferdinand Karsch
479:
472:
471:
433:William Buckland
317:
311:
305:
257:Anthracomartidae
252:Palaeocharinidae
234:
229:
169:
168:
124:
106:
105:
42:
38:Temporal range:
32:
21:
5705:
5704:
5700:
5699:
5698:
5696:
5695:
5694:
5615:Arachnid orders
5600:
5599:
5598:
5593:
5585:
5580:
5572:
5567:
5559:
5554:
5546:
5541:
5532:
5531:
5526:
5517:
5516:
5511:
5498:
5488:
5479:
5456:
5437:
5431:
5409:
5373:
5343:
5342:
5340:
5337:
5331:
5311:
5298:
5268:
5243:
5214:
5209:(camel spiders)
5187:
5155:
5149:
5124:
5113:
5087:
5081:
5051:
5041:
5040:
5036:
4996:
4995:
4991:
4981:
4979:
4973:
4972:
4968:
4920:
4915:
4914:
4910:
4865:Biology Letters
4858:
4857:
4853:
4806:
4805:
4801:
4791:
4789:
4742:
4741:
4726:
4710:
4709:
4702:
4693:
4691:
4683:
4678:
4677:
4673:
4631:
4630:
4626:
4586:
4585:
4581:
4531:
4530:
4523:
4479:
4478:
4474:
4430:
4429:
4425:
4387:Biology Letters
4379:
4378:
4371:
4336:
4335:
4331:
4269:
4268:
4264:
4206:
4205:
4201:
4147:
4146:
4142:
4096:
4095:
4088:
4058:
4057:
4053:
4011:
4010:
3991:
3945:
3944:
3940:
3923:
3906:
3905:
3901:
3869:
3868:
3857:
3839:
3834:
3833:
3824:
3779:
3778:
3774:
3760:
3759:
3755:
3741:
3740:
3736:
3722:
3721:
3717:
3699:
3698:
3694:
3673:
3672:
3668:
3651:
3650:
3646:
3620:
3619:
3612:
3573:
3572:
3568:
3521:
3520:
3516:
3495:
3494:
3490:
3466:
3465:
3458:
3445:
3438:
3394:
3393:
3389:
3379:
3377:
3348:
3347:
3328:
3324:
3319:
3256:(Scudder, 1893)
3184:Anthracophrynus
3006:Pseudoeophrynus
2904:Eophrynus warei
2620:Hemikreischeria
2588:(Pruvost, 1919)
2525:(Scudder, 1884)
2367:Aphantomartidae
2264:Trigonotarbidae
1612:Archaeomartidae
1461:Gigantocharinus
1327:
1318:
1235:
1144:
1096:
1032:Aphantomartidae
1028:Trigonotarbidae
1012:
995:
994:
993:
992:
991:
978:
970:
969:
960:
949:
893:
848:
839:
830:
821:
812:
803:
778:(Thelyphonida)
686:
627:
513:
407:
277:Aphantomartidae
267:Trigonotarbidae
233:
227:
163:
115:
104:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
40:
39:
36:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5703:
5701:
5693:
5692:
5687:
5682:
5677:
5672:
5667:
5662:
5657:
5652:
5647:
5642:
5637:
5632:
5627:
5622:
5617:
5612:
5610:Trigonotarbids
5602:
5601:
5595:
5594:
5592:
5591:
5578:
5565:
5552:
5539:
5534:Trigonotarbida
5524:
5508:
5506:
5504:Trigonotarbida
5500:
5499:
5494:
5485:
5484:
5481:
5480:
5478:
5477:
5475:Trigonotarbida
5472:
5467:
5461:
5458:
5457:
5454:
5447:
5446:
5443:
5442:
5439:
5438:
5436:
5435:
5432:Items in green
5429:
5422:
5419:
5418:
5415:
5414:
5411:
5410:
5408:
5407:
5402:
5394:
5389:
5383:
5381:
5379:Parasitiformes
5375:
5374:
5372:
5371:
5369:Trombidiformes
5366:
5364:Sarcoptiformes
5360:
5358:
5349:
5344:(ticks, mites)
5333:
5332:
5330:
5329:
5320:
5314:
5308:
5307:
5304:
5303:
5300:
5299:
5297:
5296:
5288:
5279:
5277:
5270:
5269:
5267:
5266:
5257:
5251:
5245:
5244:
5242:
5241:
5232:
5226:
5224:Tetrapulmonata
5220:
5219:
5216:
5215:
5213:
5212:
5204:
5195:
5193:
5189:
5188:
5186:
5185:
5177:
5168:
5166:
5159:
5151:
5150:
5148:
5147:
5138:
5136:
5134:Incertae sedis
5126:
5125:
5122:
5115:
5114:
5112:
5111:
5105:
5099:
5092:
5089:
5088:
5082:
5080:
5079:
5072:
5065:
5057:
5050:
5049:
5034:
5007:(6): 980–990.
4989:
4966:
4931:(4): 269–284.
4908:
4871:(2): 212–215.
4851:
4824:(6): 247–251.
4799:
4771:10.1666/13-088
4757:(4): 735–746.
4724:
4700:
4671:
4644:(2): 103–119.
4624:
4579:
4544:(1): 145–161.
4521:
4472:
4445:(4): 269–284.
4423:
4394:(6): 841–844.
4369:
4329:
4262:
4219:(4): 614–622.
4199:
4140:
4086:
4073:(2): 221–265.
4051:
4024:(3): 395–418.
3989:
3938:
3913:(2901): 1–74.
3899:
3880:(4): 305–313.
3855:
3822:
3772:
3753:
3734:
3715:
3692:
3666:
3644:
3610:
3591:(5): 433–436.
3587:. new series.
3566:
3514:
3488:
3456:
3454:, version 20.5
3436:
3407:(2): 229–243.
3387:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3317:
3308:
3299:
3290:
3281:
3271:
3270:
3262:
3261:
3260:
3259:
3238:
3224:
3223:
3222:
3203:
3202:
3201:
3179:
3178:
3175:incertae sedis
3170:
3169:
3168:
3167:
3146:
3145:
3144:
3123:
3122:
3121:
3120:
3119:
3118:
3117:
3082:
3081:
3080:
3058:
3057:
3053:
3052:
3051:
3050:
3049:
3048:
3047:
3046:
3037:
3012:
3011:
3010:
3001:
2977:
2976:
2975:
2955:
2954:
2953:
2932:
2931:
2930:
2929:
2928:
2927:
2926:
2917:
2908:
2891:(Pocock, 1911)
2873:
2872:
2871:
2870:
2869:
2868:
2867:
2832:
2831:
2830:
2811:
2810:
2809:
2798:
2787:
2786:
2785:
2762:
2761:
2760:
2753:Eophrynus udus
2749:
2736:Woodward, 1871
2728:
2727:
2726:
2714:
2713:
2704:
2703:
2702:
2701:
2700:
2699:
2698:
2697:
2662:
2661:
2660:
2639:
2638:
2637:
2616:
2615:
2614:
2593:
2592:
2591:
2569:
2568:
2563:Kreischeriidae
2559:
2558:
2557:
2556:
2555:
2554:
2553:
2552:
2543:
2517:
2514:(Scharf, 1924)
2506:
2505:
2504:
2503:
2502:
2492:
2482:
2473:
2464:
2439:
2438:
2437:
2431:
2410:
2409:
2408:
2387:
2386:
2385:
2373:
2372:
2363:
2362:
2361:
2360:
2349:
2327:
2326:
2317:
2316:
2315:
2314:
2311:Schultka, 1991
2303:
2292:
2270:
2269:
2260:
2259:
2258:
2257:
2254:(Roemer, 1878)
2236:
2235:
2234:
2213:
2212:
2211:
2210:
2209:
2208:
2207:
2198:
2173:
2172:
2171:
2170:
2169:
2167:Waterlot, 1934
2133:
2132:
2123:
2122:
2121:
2120:
2119:
2118:
2117:
2116:
2099:(Pocock, 1902)
2081:
2080:
2079:
2076:Woodward, 1878
2066:Woodward, 1878
2058:
2057:
2056:
2045:
2034:
2023:
2012:
2011:
2010:
2009:
2008:
1999:
1974:
1963:
1952:
1951:
1950:
1949:
1948:
1923:
1912:
1901:
1890:
1889:
1888:
1887:
1886:
1877:
1868:
1859:
1834:
1823:
1822:
1821:
1820:
1819:
1810:
1785:
1774:
1773:
1772:
1763:
1754:
1745:
1736:
1727:
1718:
1709:
1689:Anthracomartus
1685:
1684:
1683:
1677:
1671:
1665:
1653:
1652:
1643:
1642:
1641:
1640:
1618:
1617:
1608:
1607:
1606:
1605:
1581:
1580:
1579:
1568:
1557:
1546:
1535:
1524:
1507:Palaeocharinus
1503:
1502:
1501:
1480:
1479:
1478:
1457:
1456:
1455:
1444:
1433:
1422:
1405:Gelasinotarbus
1401:
1400:
1399:
1377:
1376:
1367:
1366:
1365:
1364:
1361:(Dunlop, 1996)
1342:
1341:
1335:
1326:
1323:
1317:
1314:
1302:tetrapulmonate
1260:trigonotarbid
1258:anthracomartid
1234:
1231:
1143:
1140:
1095:
1092:
1045:Palaeocharinus
1040:Kreischeriidae
1011:
1008:
979:
972:
971:
965:Palaeocharinus
961:
954:
953:
952:
951:
950:
948:
945:
909:Tetrapulmonata
892:
889:
867:
866:
850:
849:
845:
844:
841:
840:
836:
835:
832:
831:
827:
826:
823:
822:
818:
817:
814:
813:
809:
808:
805:
804:
800:
799:
796:
795:
788:
785:
784:
781:
780:
772:
767:
765:
762:
761:
758:
757:
750:
745:
743:
740:
739:
736:
735:
727:
722:
720:
717:
716:
713:
712:
705:
700:
698:
696:Tetrapulmonata
692:
691:
688:
687:
683:
682:
679:
678:
671:
667:
666:
663:
662:
659:Trigonotarbita
654:
649:
647:
642:
640:
632:
626:
623:
603:Czech Republic
591:pseudoscorpion
512:
509:
457:Henry Woodward
406:
403:
372:Trigonotarbids
332:Trigonotarbida
323:
322:
321:
320:
314:
308:
304:Anthracomarti
299:
298:
292:
291:
290:
289:
284:
282:Kreischeriidae
279:
274:
269:
264:
259:
254:
246:
245:
241:
240:
231:Trigonotarbida
225:
221:
220:
215:
211:
210:
205:
201:
200:
195:
191:
190:
185:
181:
180:
175:
171:
170:
157:
156:
131:Palaeocharinus
126:
125:
117:
116:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
44:
43:
37:
35:Trigonotarbida
26:
24:
18:Trigonotarbids
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5702:
5691:
5688:
5686:
5683:
5681:
5678:
5676:
5673:
5671:
5668:
5666:
5663:
5661:
5658:
5656:
5653:
5651:
5648:
5646:
5643:
5641:
5638:
5636:
5633:
5631:
5628:
5626:
5623:
5621:
5618:
5616:
5613:
5611:
5608:
5607:
5605:
5588:
5583:
5579:
5575:
5570:
5566:
5562:
5557:
5553:
5549:
5544:
5540:
5535:
5529:
5525:
5520:
5514:
5510:
5509:
5507:
5505:
5501:
5497:
5492:
5476:
5473:
5471:
5468:
5466:
5463:
5462:
5459:
5452:
5448:
5430:
5428:
5427:Shultz (2007)
5424:
5423:
5420:
5406:
5403:
5401:
5395:
5393:
5390:
5388:
5385:
5384:
5382:
5380:
5376:
5370:
5367:
5365:
5362:
5361:
5359:
5357:
5353:
5350:
5348:
5334:
5328:
5322:
5321:
5318:
5315:
5309:
5295:
5293:(vinegaroons)
5289:
5287:
5281:
5280:
5278:
5276:
5273:Thelyphonida
5271:
5265:
5259:
5258:
5255:
5252:
5250:
5246:
5240:
5234:
5233:
5230:
5227:
5225:
5221:
5211:
5205:
5203:
5197:
5196:
5194:
5190:
5184:
5178:
5176:
5170:
5169:
5167:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5152:
5146:
5140:
5139:
5137:
5135:
5131:
5127:
5120:
5116:
5110:
5106:
5104:
5100:
5098:
5094:
5093:
5090:
5085:
5078:
5073:
5071:
5066:
5064:
5059:
5058:
5055:
5045:
5038:
5035:
5030:
5026:
5022:
5018:
5014:
5010:
5006:
5002:
5001:
4993:
4990:
4977:
4970:
4967:
4962:
4958:
4954:
4950:
4946:
4942:
4938:
4934:
4930:
4926:
4919:
4912:
4909:
4904:
4900:
4895:
4890:
4886:
4882:
4878:
4874:
4870:
4866:
4862:
4855:
4852:
4847:
4843:
4839:
4835:
4831:
4827:
4823:
4819:
4818:
4813:
4809:
4803:
4800:
4788:
4784:
4780:
4776:
4772:
4768:
4764:
4760:
4756:
4752:
4751:
4746:
4739:
4737:
4735:
4733:
4731:
4729:
4725:
4720:
4716:
4715:
4707:
4705:
4701:
4689:
4682:
4675:
4672:
4667:
4663:
4659:
4655:
4651:
4647:
4643:
4639:
4635:
4628:
4625:
4620:
4616:
4612:
4608:
4604:
4600:
4596:
4592:
4591:
4583:
4580:
4575:
4571:
4567:
4563:
4559:
4555:
4551:
4547:
4543:
4539:
4538:Palaeontology
4535:
4528:
4526:
4522:
4517:
4513:
4509:
4505:
4501:
4497:
4493:
4489:
4488:
4483:
4476:
4473:
4468:
4464:
4460:
4456:
4452:
4448:
4444:
4440:
4439:
4434:
4427:
4424:
4419:
4415:
4410:
4405:
4401:
4397:
4393:
4389:
4388:
4383:
4376:
4374:
4370:
4365:
4361:
4357:
4354:(in German).
4353:
4352:
4347:
4345:
4339:
4333:
4330:
4325:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4307:
4303:
4298:
4293:
4289:
4285:
4281:
4277:
4273:
4266:
4263:
4258:
4254:
4250:
4246:
4242:
4238:
4234:
4230:
4226:
4222:
4218:
4214:
4210:
4203:
4200:
4195:
4191:
4186:
4181:
4177:
4173:
4168:
4163:
4159:
4155:
4151:
4144:
4141:
4136:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4112:
4108:
4104:
4100:
4093:
4091:
4087:
4081:
4076:
4072:
4068:
4067:
4062:
4055:
4052:
4047:
4043:
4039:
4035:
4031:
4027:
4023:
4019:
4015:
4008:
4006:
4004:
4002:
4000:
3998:
3996:
3994:
3990:
3985:
3981:
3977:
3973:
3968:
3963:
3959:
3955:
3954:
3949:
3942:
3939:
3934:
3928:
3920:
3916:
3912:
3911:
3903:
3900:
3895:
3891:
3887:
3883:
3879:
3875:
3874:
3873:Zoomorphology
3866:
3864:
3862:
3860:
3856:
3852:(6): 193–204.
3851:
3847:
3846:
3838:
3831:
3829:
3827:
3823:
3818:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3800:
3796:
3792:
3788:
3787:
3782:
3776:
3773:
3768:
3764:
3757:
3754:
3749:
3746:(in German).
3745:
3738:
3735:
3730:
3727:(in German).
3726:
3719:
3716:
3711:
3708:(in German).
3707:
3703:
3696:
3693:
3688:
3685:(in German).
3684:
3680:
3676:
3675:H. B. Geinitz
3670:
3667:
3662:
3659:(in German).
3658:
3654:
3648:
3645:
3640:
3636:
3632:
3628:
3624:
3617:
3615:
3611:
3606:
3602:
3598:
3594:
3590:
3586:
3585:
3580:
3576:
3570:
3567:
3562:
3558:
3554:
3550:
3546:
3542:
3538:
3534:
3533:
3528:
3524:
3518:
3515:
3510:
3506:
3502:
3498:
3492:
3489:
3483:
3478:
3474:
3470:
3463:
3461:
3457:
3453:
3449:
3443:
3441:
3437:
3432:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3414:
3410:
3406:
3402:
3401:Fossil Record
3398:
3391:
3388:
3376:
3372:
3368:
3364:
3360:
3356:
3355:Geology Today
3352:
3345:
3343:
3341:
3339:
3337:
3335:
3333:
3331:
3327:
3321:
3314:Matthew, 1895
3312:
3309:
3305:Matthew, 1895
3303:
3300:
3294:
3291:
3285:
3282:
3276:
3273:
3272:
3269:
3268:
3264:
3263:
3254:
3253:
3249:
3248:
3244:
3243:
3242:Aphantomartus
3239:
3233:
3229:
3225:
3217:
3216:
3212:
3211:
3207:
3204:
3196:
3195:
3191:
3190:
3186:
3185:
3181:
3180:
3177:
3176:
3172:
3171:
3162:
3161:
3157:
3156:
3152:
3151:
3147:
3139:
3138:
3134:
3133:
3129:
3128:
3124:
3114:
3109:
3108:
3104:
3103:
3098:
3097:
3093:
3092:
3088:
3087:
3083:
3075:
3074:
3070:
3069:
3065:
3064:
3063:Aenigmatarbus
3060:
3059:
3055:
3054:
3043:
3038:
3034:
3029:
3028:
3024:
3023:
3018:
3017:
3013:
3007:
3002:
2998:
2997:Cyclotrogulus
2993:
2992:
2988:
2987:
2983:
2982:
2981:Stenotrogulus
2978:
2971:
2970:
2966:
2965:
2961:
2960:
2956:
2950:(Ewing, 1930)
2948:
2947:
2943:
2942:
2938:
2937:
2933:
2923:
2918:
2914:
2909:
2905:
2900:
2899:
2895:
2894:
2889:
2888:
2884:
2883:
2879:
2878:
2874:
2864:
2859:
2858:
2854:
2853:
2850:(Kušta, 1883)
2848:
2847:
2843:
2842:
2838:
2837:
2833:
2825:
2824:
2820:
2819:
2817:
2816:
2812:
2804:
2803:
2799:
2793:
2792:
2788:
2782:
2778:
2777:
2773:
2772:
2768:
2767:
2763:
2755:
2754:
2750:
2744:
2743:
2739:
2738:
2734:
2733:
2729:
2721:
2720:
2716:
2715:
2709:
2706:
2705:
2694:
2689:
2688:
2684:
2683:
2678:
2677:
2673:
2672:
2668:
2667:
2663:
2657:Geinitz, 1882
2655:
2654:
2650:
2649:
2647:Geinitz, 1882
2645:
2644:
2640:
2632:
2631:
2627:
2626:
2622:
2621:
2617:
2609:
2608:
2604:
2603:
2599:
2598:
2597:Gondwanarache
2594:
2586:
2585:
2581:
2580:
2576:
2575:
2571:
2570:
2564:
2561:
2560:
2549:
2544:
2541:Pruvost, 1912
2540:
2534:
2533:
2529:
2528:
2523:
2522:
2518:
2512:
2511:
2507:
2499:
2493:
2489:
2483:
2480:Guthörl, 1938
2479:
2474:
2471:Pruvost, 1930
2470:
2465:
2462:Pruvost, 1912
2461:
2456:
2455:
2451:
2450:
2445:
2444:
2440:
2432:
2426:
2425:
2421:
2420:
2416:
2415:
2414:Aphantomartus
2411:
2405:Størmer, 1970
2403:
2402:
2398:
2397:
2395:Størmer, 1970
2393:
2392:
2388:
2380:
2379:
2375:
2374:
2368:
2365:
2364:
2355:
2354:
2350:
2344:
2343:
2339:
2338:
2334:
2333:
2329:
2328:
2322:
2321:Lissomartidae
2319:
2318:
2309:
2308:
2304:
2298:
2297:
2293:
2287:
2286:
2282:
2281:
2277:
2276:
2275:Trigonotarbus
2272:
2271:
2265:
2262:
2261:
2252:
2251:
2247:
2246:
2242:
2241:
2237:
2229:
2228:
2224:
2223:
2219:
2218:
2214:
2204:
2199:
2196:Pruvost, 1926
2195:
2190:
2189:
2185:
2184:
2179:
2178:
2174:
2166:
2161:
2160:
2156:
2155:
2150:
2149:
2145:
2144:
2140:
2139:
2135:
2134:
2128:
2125:
2124:
2113:
2108:
2107:
2103:
2102:
2097:
2096:
2092:
2091:
2087:
2086:
2082:
2074:
2073:
2069:
2068:
2064:
2063:
2059:
2051:
2050:
2046:
2042:Scudder, 1884
2040:
2039:
2035:
2029:
2028:
2024:
2018:
2017:
2013:
2005:
2000:
1997:Pruvost, 1922
1996:
1991:
1990:
1986:
1985:
1980:
1979:
1975:
1969:
1968:
1964:
1958:
1957:
1953:
1945:
1940:
1939:
1935:
1934:
1929:
1928:
1924:
1918:
1917:
1913:
1907:
1906:
1902:
1896:
1895:
1891:
1883:
1878:
1874:
1869:
1866:Guthörl, 1964
1865:
1860:
1857:Guthörl, 1965
1856:
1851:
1850:
1846:
1845:
1840:
1839:
1835:
1829:
1828:
1824:
1816:
1811:
1807:
1802:
1801:
1797:
1796:
1791:
1790:
1786:
1780:
1779:
1775:
1769:
1764:
1760:
1755:
1751:
1746:
1742:
1737:
1733:
1728:
1724:
1723:Coryphomartus
1719:
1715:
1710:
1706:
1701:
1700:
1696:
1695:
1691:
1690:
1686:
1678:
1672:
1666:
1660:
1659:
1655:
1654:
1648:
1645:
1644:
1637:Størmer, 1970
1635:
1634:
1630:
1629:
1627:Størmer, 1970
1625:
1624:
1623:Archaeomartus
1620:
1619:
1613:
1610:
1609:
1604:
1597:
1596:
1592:
1591:
1587:
1586:
1585:Spinocharinus
1582:
1574:
1573:
1569:
1563:
1562:
1558:
1552:
1551:
1547:
1541:
1540:
1536:
1530:
1529:
1525:
1519:
1518:
1514:
1513:
1509:
1508:
1504:
1496:
1495:
1491:
1490:
1486:
1485:
1481:
1473:
1472:
1468:
1467:
1463:
1462:
1458:
1450:
1449:
1445:
1439:
1438:
1434:
1428:
1427:
1423:
1417:
1416:
1412:
1411:
1407:
1406:
1402:
1394:
1393:
1389:
1388:
1384:
1383:
1379:
1378:
1372:
1369:
1368:
1359:
1358:
1354:
1353:
1349:
1348:
1344:
1343:
1340:
1337:
1336:
1334:
1332:
1325:Included taxa
1324:
1322:
1315:
1313:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1286:
1284:
1279:
1275:
1266:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1247:
1245:
1239:
1232:
1230:
1226:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1199:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1167:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1141:
1139:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1108:
1100:
1093:
1091:
1089:
1088:
1083:
1082:
1077:
1076:
1071:
1070:
1065:
1064:
1059:
1058:
1057:Aphantomartus
1053:
1052:
1047:
1046:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1000:
989:
988:
983:
976:
967:
966:
958:
946:
944:
942:
938:
934:
930:
926:
922:
918:
914:
910:
906:
902:
898:
890:
888:
886:
882:
878:
874:
864:
860:
856:
852:
851:
843:
842:
834:
833:
825:
824:
816:
815:
807:
806:
798:
797:
794:
793:
787:
786:
783:
782:
779:
777:
771:
770:
764:
763:
760:
759:
756:
755:
749:
748:
742:
741:
738:
737:
734:
733:
726:
725:
719:
718:
715:
714:
711:
710:
704:
703:
697:
694:
693:
690:
689:
681:
680:
677:
676:
669:
668:
665:
664:
661:
660:
653:
652:
646:
645:
639:
636:
635:
631:
630:
625:Relationships
624:
622:
620:
619:North America
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
566:
558:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
533:
525:
523:
522:Trigonotarbus
517:
510:
508:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
485:
480:
478:
470:
464:
463:
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
439:and named it
438:
434:
430:
426:
425:Coalbrookdale
419:
417:
411:
404:
402:
400:
399:coal measures
397:
396:Carboniferous
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
364:North America
361:
357:
353:
349:
346:to the early
345:
341:
337:
333:
330:
318:Matthew, 1895
315:
310:Meridogastra
309:
303:
302:
300:
297:
293:
288:
285:
283:
280:
278:
275:
273:
272:Lissomartidae
270:
268:
265:
263:
260:
258:
255:
253:
250:
249:
247:
242:
237:
236:Petrunkevitch
232:
226:
223:
222:
219:
216:
213:
212:
209:
206:
203:
202:
199:
196:
193:
192:
189:
186:
183:
182:
179:
176:
173:
172:
167:
162:
158:
155:
153:
148:
146:
145:Trigonotarbus
141:
139:
134:
132:
127:
123:
118:
113:
112:Early Permian
109:
108:Late Silurian
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
33:
30:
19:
5503:
5474:
5405:Mesostigmata
5274:
5192:Haplocnemata
5174:(harvestmen)
5165:Stomothecata
5043:
5037:
5004:
4998:
4992:
4980:. Retrieved
4969:
4928:
4924:
4911:
4868:
4864:
4854:
4821:
4820:. Decade 4.
4815:
4808:R. I. Pocock
4802:
4790:. Retrieved
4754:
4748:
4718:
4712:
4692:. Retrieved
4687:
4674:
4641:
4637:
4627:
4597:(2): 69–71.
4594:
4588:
4582:
4541:
4537:
4491:
4485:
4481:
4475:
4442:
4436:
4426:
4391:
4385:
4358:(1): 25–32.
4355:
4349:
4344:Cryptostemma
4343:
4332:
4279:
4275:
4265:
4216:
4212:
4202:
4157:
4153:
4143:
4106:
4102:
4070:
4064:
4054:
4021:
4017:
3957:
3951:
3941:
3927:cite journal
3908:
3902:
3877:
3871:
3849:
3843:
3790:
3784:
3775:
3766:
3765:(in Czech).
3762:
3756:
3747:
3743:
3737:
3728:
3724:
3718:
3709:
3705:
3701:
3695:
3686:
3682:
3678:
3669:
3660:
3656:
3647:
3633:(1): 49–70.
3630:
3626:
3622:
3588:
3582:
3569:
3536:
3530:
3517:
3500:
3491:
3472:
3404:
3400:
3390:
3378:. Retrieved
3361:(1): 34–37.
3358:
3354:
3310:
3301:
3292:
3283:
3274:
3267:nomina dubia
3265:
3250:
3246:Pocock, 1911
3240:
3235:Scharf, 1924
3231:
3227:
3213:
3198:Andrée, 1913
3192:
3188:Andrée, 1913
3182:
3173:
3158:
3150:Tynecotarbus
3148:
3135:
3125:
3112:
3094:
3086:Namurotarbus
3084:
3071:
3061:
3044:Příbyl, 1958
3041:
3032:
3020:(Stur, 1877)
3014:
3008:Příbyl, 1958
3005:
2996:
2979:
2967:
2957:
2944:
2934:
2921:
2912:
2903:
2885:
2875:
2862:
2844:
2834:
2821:
2813:
2806:(Frič, 1901)
2800:
2795:(Frič, 1901)
2789:
2780:
2766:Nyranytarbus
2764:
2751:
2740:
2730:
2711:Karsch, 1882
2692:
2680:(Gill, 1924)
2674:
2664:
2651:
2641:
2628:
2618:
2605:
2595:
2582:
2572:
2547:
2538:
2519:
2508:
2500:Müller, 1957
2497:
2487:
2477:
2468:
2459:
2447:Pocock, 1911
2441:
2418:Pocock, 1911
2412:
2399:
2389:
2351:
2340:
2330:
2324:Dunlop, 1995
2305:
2300:Pocock, 1911
2294:
2283:
2279:Pocock, 1911
2273:
2248:
2238:
2225:
2215:
2202:
2193:
2181:Pocock, 1903
2175:
2164:
2152:Pocock, 1903
2146:
2142:Pocock, 1903
2138:Anthracosiro
2136:
2130:Pocock, 1903
2111:
2093:
2089:Pocock, 1911
2083:
2070:
2060:
2053:Karsch, 1882
2047:
2036:
2025:
2014:
2003:
1994:
1982:Pocock, 1911
1976:
1965:
1954:
1943:
1925:
1914:
1903:
1892:
1881:
1872:
1863:
1854:
1842:Pocock, 1911
1836:
1825:
1814:
1805:
1793:(Frič, 1901)
1787:
1782:(Frič, 1901)
1776:
1767:
1758:
1749:
1740:
1732:Cryptomartus
1731:
1722:
1714:Cleptomartus
1713:
1705:Brachylycosa
1704:
1693:Karsch, 1882
1687:
1631:
1621:
1601:- Devonian,
1593:
1583:
1570:
1559:
1548:
1537:
1526:
1515:
1505:
1492:
1484:Gilboarachne
1482:
1469:
1459:
1446:
1435:
1424:
1413:
1403:
1390:
1382:Aculeatarbus
1380:
1355:
1351:Dunlop, 1999
1347:Palaeotarbus
1345:
1339:plesion taxa
1328:
1319:
1316:Paleobiology
1287:
1270:
1261:
1244:Namurotarbus
1242:
1227:
1211:palpal organ
1206:
1200:
1175:paleognathic
1174:
1168:
1164:compound eye
1145:
1126:) (see also
1113:
1085:
1079:
1073:
1067:
1061:
1055:
1049:
1043:
1013:
1003:sister group
996:
985:
963:
936:
904:
894:
870:
790:
774:
752:
729:
707:
673:
658:
656:
610:
594:
578:
562:
550:
529:
520:
492:
482:
474:
460:
440:
422:
414:
371:
331:
326:
306:Karsch, 1882
230:
150:
143:
136:
129:
29:
5528:Wikispecies
5392:Holothyrida
5356:Acariformes
5312:Acaromorpha
5283:Schizomida
5182:(scorpions)
5180:Scorpiones
5142:Palpigradi
5109:Chelicerata
5107:Subphylum:
4638:Arachnology
3960:(1): 1–38.
3575:H. Woodward
3523:H. Woodward
3127:Permotarbus
3035:Frič, 1904
2959:Somaspidion
2877:Pleophrynus
2865:Kušta, 1885
2836:Planomartus
2818:Frič, 1904
2781:Hemiphrynus
2708:Eophrynidae
2643:Kreischeria
2566:Haase, 1890
2550:Simon, 1971
2332:Lissomartus
2240:Vratislavia
1971:Ammon, 1901
1946:Kušta, 1888
1931:Kušta, 1884
1650:Haase, 1890
1615:Haase, 1890
1565:Hirst, 1923
1554:Hirst, 1923
1543:Hirst, 1923
1532:Hirst, 1923
1521:Hirst, 1923
1511:Hirst, 1923
1475:Shear, 2000
1465:Shear, 2000
1374:Hirst, 1923
1310:terrestrial
1233:Opisthosoma
1219:tarsal claw
1187:araneomorph
1183:mygalomorph
1136:opisthosoma
1094:Description
1087:Pleophrynus
1075:Kreischeria
1051:Lissomartus
1024:Eophrynidae
881:opisthosoma
413:Fossils of
384:opisthosoma
287:Eophrynidae
208:Chelicerata
204:Subphylum:
5604:Categories
5324:Ricinulei
5261:Amblypygi
5207:Solifugae
5172:Opiliones
5103:Arthropoda
4978:. BBC News
4721:: 267–273.
4694:2016-03-19
4282:(1): 105.
3953:Cladistics
3769:: 194–208.
3731:: 398–401.
3689:: 238–242.
3663:: 556–561.
3539:(9): 1–4.
3322:References
3206:Areomartus
2999:Frič, 1904
2985:Frič, 1904
2827:Frič, 1904
2815:Petrovicia
2783:Frič, 1901
2624:Frič, 1904
2244:Frič, 1904
2217:Arianrhoda
2205:Gill, 1909
2114:Gill, 1911
2085:Maiocercus
2062:Brachypyge
1898:Frič, 1904
1831:Frič, 1901
1817:Frič, 1904
1808:Frič, 1901
1770:Frič, 1901
1759:Pleomartus
1752:Frič, 1904
1707:Frič, 1904
1603:Bürdenbach
1306:book lungs
1263:Maiocercus
1241:Fossil of
1171:chelicerae
982:ricinuleid
933:book lungs
929:Schizomida
792:Schizomida
609:described
577:described
418:prestvicii
392:arthropods
380:spinnerets
316:Eurymarti
198:Arthropoda
152:Maiocercus
140:prestvicii
133:rhyniensis
5465:Haptopoda
5249:Pedipalpi
5238:(spiders)
5156:Dromopoda
5084:Arachnida
4961:140706387
4953:1477-2019
4885:1744-9561
4846:128408478
4787:131202472
4779:0022-3360
4658:2050-9928
4619:129777833
4566:0031-0239
4516:129447249
4467:140706387
4306:1471-2148
4241:2397-334X
4176:0962-8452
4038:1467-8039
3919:2246/5166
3793:: 13–22.
3677:(1882). "
3653:F. Karsch
3605:129112886
3561:128850722
3431:2193-0074
3375:247708509
3228:Eophrynus
2973:Jux, 1982
2963:Jux, 1982
2936:Pocononia
2732:Eophrynus
1768:Promygale
1294:arachnids
1290:sternites
1246:roessleri
1223:Ricinulei
1203:pedipalps
1179:mesothele
1124:Ricinulei
1081:Eophrynus
999:Ricinulei
921:Amblypygi
901:cladistic
885:Haptopoda
873:Opiliones
859:Ricinulei
754:Amblypygi
732:Haptopoda
675:Ricinulei
532:zoologist
489:Amblypygi
416:Eophrynus
368:Argentina
356:Sakmarian
336:arachnids
244:Families
218:Arachnida
184:Kingdom:
178:Eukaryota
138:Eophrynus
5513:Wikidata
5397:Ixodida
5291:Uropygi
5236:Araneae
5101:Phylum:
5097:Animalia
5095:Kingdom
5029:86908527
4903:18198139
4810:(1903).
4792:July 21,
4666:89428386
4574:83897592
4418:19656861
4340:(1892).
4324:28431496
4249:29403075
4194:27030415
4135:25405073
4109:: e641.
4046:27240897
3984:85410687
3976:34933471
3817:25138764
3577:(1878).
3525:(1871).
3499:(1837).
3380:June 12,
3106:synonyms
3026:synonyms
2990:synonyms
2531:synonyms
2453:synonyms
2423:synonyms
2187:synonyms
1988:synonyms
1848:synonyms
1799:synonyms
1750:Perneria
1741:Oomartus
1698:synonyms
1657:synonyms
1298:scorpion
1278:Tergites
1265:celticus
1207:pediform
1191:venomous
1148:carapace
1120:tergites
984:species
599:Rakovník
524:johnsoni
388:tergites
344:Silurian
296:Synonyms
194:Phylum:
188:Animalia
174:Domain:
154:celticus
147:johnsoni
5574:5308196
5548:4717835
5455:Extinct
5399:(ticks)
5009:Bibcode
4933:Bibcode
4894:2429929
4826:Bibcode
4759:Bibcode
4599:Bibcode
4546:Bibcode
4496:Bibcode
4447:Bibcode
4409:2828000
4342:"Ueber
4315:5399839
4284:Bibcode
4257:4239867
4221:Bibcode
4185:4822468
4126:4232842
3894:6769463
3541:Bibcode
3409:Bibcode
3232:scharfi
2897:synonym
2856:synonym
2775:synonym
2718:synonym
2686:synonym
2574:Anzinia
2391:Alkenia
2377:synonym
2158:synonym
2105:synonym
1937:synonym
1331:species
1304:), the
1274:Tergite
1142:Prosoma
1132:prosoma
1116:spiders
1090:))))).
1063:Alkenia
925:Uropygi
917:Araneae
913:spiders
877:prosoma
863:Extinct
776:Uropygi
709:Araneae
601:in the
587:Germany
583:Zwickau
565:anthrax
543:Silesia
539:Neurode
501:Belgium
484:Phrynus
445:Coseley
429:England
352:Pridoli
348:Permian
224:Order:
214:Class:
5587:306771
5519:Q19107
5123:Extant
5086:orders
5027:
4982:9 July
4959:
4951:
4901:
4891:
4883:
4844:
4785:
4777:
4664:
4656:
4617:
4572:
4564:
4514:
4465:
4416:
4406:
4322:
4312:
4304:
4255:
4247:
4239:
4192:
4182:
4174:
4133:
4123:
4044:
4036:
3982:
3974:
3892:
3815:
3750:: 1–7.
3603:
3559:
3429:
3373:
1195:labrum
1038:, and
1022:, and
937:et al.
557:ἄνθραξ
547:Poland
449:Dudley
437:beetle
376:spider
360:Europe
340:fossil
338:whose
238:, 1949
5561:12036
5556:IRMNG
5338:Acari
5025:S2CID
4957:S2CID
4921:(PDF)
4842:S2CID
4783:S2CID
4684:(PDF)
4662:S2CID
4615:S2CID
4570:S2CID
4512:S2CID
4463:S2CID
4253:S2CID
4103:PeerJ
3980:S2CID
3890:S2CID
3840:(PDF)
3813:JSTOR
3601:S2CID
3557:S2CID
3371:S2CID
1215:chela
613:from
597:from
545:(now
447:near
329:order
5275:s.l.
4984:2014
4949:ISSN
4899:PMID
4881:ISSN
4794:2015
4775:ISSN
4654:ISSN
4562:ISSN
4414:PMID
4320:PMID
4302:ISSN
4245:PMID
4237:ISSN
4190:PMID
4172:ISSN
4131:PMID
4042:PMID
4034:ISSN
3972:PMID
3933:link
3767:1888
3748:1885
3729:1884
3712:: 7.
3710:1883
3427:ISSN
3382:2015
1300:and
1201:The
1181:and
1169:The
980:The
905:etc.
879:and
571:coal
505:crab
497:Mons
362:and
327:The
149:and
46:PreꞒ
5543:EoL
5017:doi
4941:doi
4889:PMC
4873:doi
4834:doi
4767:doi
4646:doi
4607:doi
4554:doi
4504:doi
4455:doi
4404:PMC
4396:doi
4360:doi
4310:PMC
4292:doi
4229:doi
4180:PMC
4162:doi
4158:283
4121:PMC
4111:doi
4075:doi
4071:150
4026:doi
3962:doi
3915:hdl
3882:doi
3878:128
3803:hdl
3795:doi
3635:doi
3631:172
3593:doi
3549:doi
3477:doi
3417:doi
3363:doi
2433:=
2427:=
585:in
541:in
499:in
477:eos
469:ἠώς
427:in
354:to
110:to
5606::
5584::
5571::
5558::
5545::
5530::
5515::
5023:.
5015:.
5005:89
5003:.
4955:.
4947:.
4939:.
4927:.
4923:.
4897:.
4887:.
4879:.
4867:.
4863:.
4840:.
4832:.
4822:10
4814:.
4781:.
4773:.
4765:.
4755:88
4753:.
4747:.
4727:^
4717:.
4703:^
4686:.
4660:.
4652:.
4642:17
4640:.
4636:.
4613:.
4605:.
4595:63
4593:.
4568:.
4560:.
4552:.
4542:54
4540:.
4536:.
4524:^
4510:.
4502:.
4492:71
4490:.
4461:.
4453:.
4441:.
4435:.
4412:.
4402:.
4390:.
4384:.
4372:^
4356:37
4348:.
4318:.
4308:.
4300:.
4290:.
4280:17
4278:.
4274:.
4251:.
4243:.
4235:.
4227:.
4215:.
4211:.
4188:.
4178:.
4170:.
4156:.
4152:.
4129:.
4119:.
4105:.
4101:.
4089:^
4069:.
4063:.
4040:.
4032:.
4022:46
4020:.
4016:.
3992:^
3978:.
3970:.
3956:.
3950:.
3929:}}
3925:{{
3888:.
3876:.
3858:^
3850:10
3848:.
3842:.
3825:^
3811:.
3801:.
3791:20
3789:.
3687:34
3661:34
3629:.
3613:^
3599:.
3581:.
3555:.
3547:.
3535:.
3529:.
3503:.
3475:.
3471:.
3459:^
3439:^
3425:.
3415:.
3405:16
3403:.
3399:.
3369:.
3359:26
3357:.
3353:.
3329:^
3230:’
3111:=
3039:=
3030:=
3003:=
2994:=
2919:=
2910:=
2901:=
2860:=
2722:=
2690:=
2545:=
2535:=
2494:=
2484:=
2475:=
2466:=
2457:=
2381:=
2200:=
2191:=
2162:=
2109:=
2001:=
1992:=
1941:=
1879:=
1870:=
1861:=
1852:=
1812:=
1803:=
1765:=
1756:=
1747:=
1738:=
1729:=
1720:=
1711:=
1702:=
1679:=
1673:=
1667:=
1661:=
1225:.
1154:,
1084:+
1034:,
1030:,
1018:,
861:.
670:？
621:.
507:.
401:.
370:.
142:,
135:,
96:Pg
5076:e
5069:t
5062:v
5031:.
5019::
5011::
4986:.
4963:.
4943::
4935::
4929:2
4905:.
4875::
4869:4
4848:.
4836::
4828::
4796:.
4769::
4761::
4719:9
4697:.
4668:.
4648::
4621:.
4609::
4601::
4576:.
4556::
4548::
4518:.
4506::
4498::
4469:.
4457::
4449::
4443:2
4420:.
4398::
4392:5
4366:.
4362::
4326:.
4294::
4286::
4259:.
4231::
4223::
4217:2
4196:.
4164::
4137:.
4113::
4107:2
4083:.
4077::
4048:.
4028::
3986:.
3964::
3958:6
3935:)
3921:.
3917::
3896:.
3884::
3819:.
3805::
3797::
3641:.
3637::
3607:.
3595::
3589:2
3563:.
3551::
3543::
3537:8
3511:.
3485:.
3479::
3433:.
3419::
3411::
3384:.
3365::
3226:‘
2537:?
2496:?
2486:?
1296:(
1078:(
1072:(
1066:(
1060:(
915:(
730:†
657:†
561:(
473:(
350:(
228:†
101:N
91:K
86:J
81:T
76:P
71:C
66:D
61:S
56:O
51:Ꞓ
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
