964:
1096:
1088:
111:
946:
505:
1242:
155:
399:
1227:
995:
recover ricinuleids in their traditional position closely related to mites and ticks, further discoveries have revealed that the tip of the pedipalp ends in a small claw in both trigonotarbids and ricinuleids. If the hypothesis is true, ricinuleids, despite the lack of tetrapulmonate key characters (e.g. book lungs), may represent part of the pantetrapulmonate clade alongside trigonotarbids as well.
876:, were grouped into a subclass Stethostomata defined by a broad division of the body and downward-hanging mouthparts. Trigonotarbida was placed in its own subclass Soluta and defined as having a division of the body which was variable in width. Petrunkevitch's scheme was largely followed in subsequent studies of fossil arachnids.
1217:
The walking legs again follow the typical arachnid plan with a coxa, trochanter, femur, patella, tibia, metatarsus and tarsus. The coxae surround a single sternum. In well preserved palaeocharinids there is a ring, or annulus, around the trochanter–femur joint which may be the remains of an earlier
1309:
In July 2014 scientists used computer-based techniques to re-create a possible walking gait for the animal. A subsequent review article suggested by comparison with mites, with presumably similar lifestyle and environment, a metachronal rather than alternating leg coordination was more likely.
994:
relationship between these arachnid groups. Both have opisthosomal tergites divided into median and lateral plates and both have a complicated coupling mechanism between the prosoma and the opisthosoma which 'locks' the two halves of the body together. Although cladistic analysis has tended to
1186:
or rostrum) and a lower lip (or labium). Inside the mouth there is some sort of filtering system formed from hairs or platelets which strongly suggests that trigonotarbids (like spiders and many other arachnids) could eat only preorally digested, liquified prey.
1269:
of segment 2 to 8 (segment 9 in some species) were all laterally divided into 3 (one median and two lateral) plates, with those of segment 2 and 3 fused to each other in most species. However, the corresponding tergites of the family
1260:
The opisthosoma is largely suboval in outline with a flatten dorsal surface. It compose of 12 segments, with some of them had undergone degrees of fusion or reduction, hence the previous misinterpretation of around 8 to 11 segments.
864:). Petrunkevitch's division of the trigonotarbids into two, unrelated, orders was noted above. In detail, he divided the arachnids into suborders based on the width of the division between the two parts of the body (the
1218:
leg segment. The legs are largely unmodified, although in
Anthracosironidae the forelegs are quite large and spiny, presumably to help catch prey. The legs end in three claws, two large ones and a smaller median claw.
1151:—there is an additional pair of lateral eye tubercles which, at least in palaeocharinids, appear to have borne a series of individual lenses. In this sense palaeocharinids seem to be in the process of reducing a
383:, some later trigonotarbid species were quite heavily armoured and protected themselves with spines and tubercles. About seventy species are currently known, with most fossils originating from the
4986:
Weihmann, Tom; Goetzke, Hanns Hagen; Günther, Michael (November 2015). "Requirements and limits of anatomy-based predictions of locomotion in terrestrial arthropods with emphasis on arachnids".
1274:
are further subdivided into 5 plates. The last 3 segments are usually only visible from the ventral side, with the 2 final segments constricted into a tiny ring-like section known as pygidium.
542:
in honour of Herr Völkel, the foreman of the mine where it was discovered. This species was raised to a new, extinct, arachnid order which Karsch called
Anthracomarti. The name is derived from
3774:
4622:
892:
analysis of fossil and living arachnids. They showed that trigonotarbids are closely related to a group of arachnids which have gone under various names (Caulogastra, Arachnidea,
1310:
Subsequent work by the researchers behind the initial publication used simulation approaches to assess the efficiency of a range of gaits using an updated trigonotarbid model.
5638:
3896:
William A. Shear, Paul A. Selden, W. D. I. Rolfe, Patricia M. Bonamo & James D. Grierson (1987). "New terrestrial arachnids from the
Devonian of Gilboa, New York".
3921:
1182:. The chelicerae may have been slightly retractable into the prosoma. Well-preserved palaeocharinids show evidence for a small, slit-like mouth with an upper lip (a
5544:
963:
5678:
4702:
3833:
4700:
Jason A. Dunlop (1994). "Comparative anatomy of filtration mechanisms in tetrapulmonate arachnids (Trigonotarbida, Araneae, Amblypygi, Uropygi and
Schizomida)".
5633:
990:) were the last living descendants of the trigonotarbids. A similar hypothesis was reintroduced by Dunlop, who pointed out distinct similarities and possible
5643:
379:) across the backs of the animals' abdomens, which were characteristically divided into three or five separate plates. Probably living as predators on other
5648:
5415:
1265:
of the first segment partially covered by the posterior margin of preceding carapace, forming a complicated coupling mechanism known as 'locking ridge'.
4054:
1301:, air-breathing lifestyle. A pair of ventral sacs located between the posterior operculum and following sternite had been observed in some species.
5663:
5653:
5658:
5608:
4137:
Garwood, Russell J.; Dunlop, Jason A.; Selden, Paul A.; Spencer, Alan R. T.; Atwood, Robert C.; Vo, Nghia T.; Drakopoulos, Michael (2016).
1198:, i.e. they look like small legs and were not highly modified. There is no evidence for a special sperm transfer device as in the modified
5668:
5063:
4426:
4339:
3859:
Jason A. Dunlop, Carsten Kamenz and
Giovanni Talarico (2009). "A fossil trigonotarbid arachnid with a ricinuleid-like pedipalpal claw".
1210:(or apotele) and a projection from the tarsus. As mentioned above, a very similar arrangement is seen at the end of the pedipalp in
932:
was proposed which comprises
Trigonotarbida + Tetrapulmonata. This has since been corroborated in more recent cladistic analyses.
888:. They questioned whether it was appropriate to define a group of animals on a variable character state and carried out the first
5623:
3750:
Johann Kušta (1888). "O nových arachnidech z karbonu
Rakovnického. (Neue Arachniden aus der Steinkohlenformation bei Rakonitz)".
1178:
spiders. There is no evidence in well-preserved fossils for the opening of a venom gland, thus trigonotarbids were probably not
5673:
4475:
1095:
924:
and similar mouthparts with fangs operating rather like a pocket knife. In a 2007 study of arachnid relationships, the Shear
4196:
Wang, Bo; Dunlop, Jason A.; Selden, Paul A.; Garwood, Russell J.; Shear, William A.; Müller, Patrick; Lei, Xiaojie (2018).
3386:"The youngest trigonotarbid Permotarbus schuberti n. gen., n. sp. from the Permian Petrified Forest of Chemnitz in Germany"
1087:
3497:
884:
In the 1980s, Bill Shear and colleagues carried out an important study on well preserved Mid
Devonian trigonotarbids from
860:
Early studies tended to confuse trigonotarbids with other living or extinct groups of arachnids; particularly harvestmen (
1111:
on the dorsal side of the opisthosoma divided into median and lateral plates. This character is shared with ricinuleids (
154:
4669:
3614:
Pocock, 1911, revealed by X-ray computed tomography, with a cladistic analysis of the extinct trigonotarbid arachnids".
1183:
1162:
are of the "pocket-knife" type consisting of a basal segment and a sharp, curving fang. The chelicerae are described as
5618:
5613:
1202:
of male spiders. In at least the palaeocharinids and anthracomartids the tip of the pedipalp is modified into a small
3752:
Sitzungsberichte der Königlich Böhmischen
Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse
3733:
Sitzungsberichte der Königlich Böhmischen
Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse
3714:
Sitzungsberichte der Königlich Böhmischen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse
3695:
Sitzungsberichte der Königlich Böhmischen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse
3568:"Discovery of the remains of a fossil crab (Decapoda–Bracyura) in the Coal Measures of the Environs of Mons, Belgium"
5628:
3563:
3511:
445:
3182:
2004:
3898:
2595:
2037:
2015:
1560:
562:. A number of other fossils which would eventually be placed in Trigonotarbida were discovered around this time.
441:
1777:
1549:
1436:
5603:
2664:
2026:
1944:
1882:
1583:
1538:
1459:
1207:
2618:
2509:
2498:
1955:
4576:
Stanley Hirst & S. Maulik (1926). "On some arthropod remains from the Rhynie Chert (Old Red Sandstone)".
3825:
3240:
2957:
2431:
2330:
2295:
1766:
1527:
1414:
371:. They ranged in size from a few millimetres to a few centimetres in body length and had segmented abdomens (
5598:
5056:
4988:
4738:
4197:
3148:
3084:
3061:
2875:
2341:
2284:
2228:
2165:
2136:
1966:
1815:
1482:
1425:
1403:
1380:
1277:
Ventral side of opisthosomal segment 2 to 9 covered by series of lung-bearing opercula (2 and 3) and curved
224:
3125:
2811:
2790:
2779:
2273:
1904:
1516:
110:
5484:
3769:
3004:
2238:
1915:
1893:
1826:
1505:
603:
595:
2834:
2215:
2083:
2060:
1621:
1345:
545:
5570:
4796:
3915:
3493:
1194:
have the typical arachnid structure with a coxa, trochanter, femur, patella, tibia and tarsus. They are
3458:"Tomographic reconstruction of the exceptionally preserved trigonotarbid arachnid Eophrynus prestvicii"
3203:
2654:
2572:
2389:
2115:
1148:
1057:
1008:
945:
250:
3644:(1882). "Ueber ein neues Spinnenthier aus der Schlesischen Steinkohle und die Arachnoiden überhaupt".
2934:
1359:
1140:
1024:
1003:
The first cladistic analysis of the trigonotarbids was published in 2014. This recovered the families
240:
5531:
4997:
4921:
4814:
4747:
4587:
4534:
4484:
4435:
4272:
4209:
3941:
3529:
3397:
3172:
2730:
2608:
2355:
2252:
1600:
1449:
1020:
1016:
450:
265:
255:
2741:
2551:
1393:
1028:
270:
5522:
4805:
4578:
3572:
3520:
3230:
3051:
2969:
2585:
2402:
2309:
2263:
1611:
1573:
1127:(or abdomen). Body length ranges from a couple of millimetres up to about 5 cm (2.0 in).
1045:
563:
510:
504:
260:
133:
4469:
Ronny Rößler & Jason A. Dunlop (1997). "Redescription of the largest trigonotarbid arachnid –
3516:"On the discovery of a new and very perfect Arachnide from the ironstone of the Dudley Coal-field"
3138:
3074:
2754:
2126:
1472:
1370:
1335:
1297:
of trigonotarbids formed by layers of trabecula-bearing lamellae, which is a feature adapted to a
1232:
5049:
5013:
4945:
4830:
4771:
4650:
4603:
4558:
4500:
4451:
4241:
3968:
3878:
3801:
3663:
3589:
3545:
3494:
The Bridgewater treatises on the power, wisdom and goodness of God as manifested in the creation.
3359:
3115:
2947:
2865:
2824:
2641:
2320:
1298:
1075:
1039:
284:
149:
5575:
4734:"The walking dead: Blender as a tool for paleontologists with a case study on extinct arachnids"
4371:"High-fidelity X-ray micro-tomography reconstruction of siderite-hosted Carboniferous arachnids"
3194:
2803:
2205:
2050:
1281:(4 to 9). The first segment apparently lacking any ventral plates. Just like other lung-bearing
492:; although this fossil is known only from its abdomen and was initially mistaken for those of a
2924:
1241:
5557:
5375:
4937:
4887:
4869:
4763:
4642:
4550:
4402:
4308:
4290:
4233:
4225:
4178:
4160:
4119:
4030:
4022:
3960:
3415:
929:
843:
626:
5562:
2562:
2379:
1051:
5549:
5458:
5005:
4929:
4877:
4861:
4822:
4755:
4634:
4595:
4542:
4492:
4443:
4392:
4384:
4348:
4326:
4298:
4280:
4217:
4168:
4150:
4109:
4099:
4063:
4014:
3950:
3903:
3870:
3791:
3783:
3731:
Johann Kušta (1885). "Neue fossile Arthropoden aus dem Noeggarathienschiefer von Rakonitz".
3641:
3623:
3581:
3537:
3485:
3465:
3405:
3351:
1635:
1271:
1246:
1144:
1004:
975:
885:
523:
421:
398:
245:
4964:
4848:
Kamenz, Carsten; Dunlop, Jason A; Scholtz, Gerhard; Kerp, Hans; Hass, Hagen (2008-04-23).
4375:
4335:
Guèr. als einziger recenter Ausläufer der fossilen Arachnoideen-Ordnung Meridogastra Thor"
986:
In 1892, Ferdinand Karsch suggested that the rare and rather bizarre-looking ricinuleids (
317:
4907:"A new early devonian trigonotarbid arachnid from the Windyfield Chert, Rhynie, Scotland"
4422:"A new early Devonian trigonotarbid arachnid from the Windyfield chert, Rhynie, Scotland"
5001:
4925:
4818:
4751:
4591:
4538:
4488:
4439:
4276:
4213:
3533:
3436:
3401:
1226:
5367:
5357:
5352:
5212:
5187:
5122:
4882:
4849:
4397:
4370:
4303:
4260:
4173:
4138:
4114:
4087:
3955:
3936:
3163:
1677:
1495:
1290:
1033:
953:
897:
684:
591:
579:
119:
3457:
5592:
4949:
4834:
4775:
4607:
4546:
4504:
4455:
4198:"Cretaceous arachnid Chimerarachne yingi gen. et sp. nov. illuminates spider origins"
4068:
4049:
3861:
3593:
3549:
3363:
3355:
1591:
1203:
1175:
1171:
1155:. Anterior margin of the carapace protrude into a projection referred to as clypeus.
1120:
607:
485:
413:
387:
384:
352:
340:
100:
96:
59:
5017:
4654:
4562:
3972:
457:
5393:
4245:
3882:
3796:
3255:
1152:
991:
4259:
Garwood, Russell J.; Dunlop, Jason A.; Knecht, Brian J.; Hegna, Thomas A. (2017).
4088:"Three-dimensional reconstruction and the phylogeny of extinct chelicerate orders"
4050:"A phylogenetic analysis of the arachnid orders based on morphological characters"
3712:
Johann Kušta (1884). "Neue Arachniden aus der Steinkohlenformation von Rakonitz".
5516:
5380:
5344:
5097:
4906:
4638:
3610:
Jones, Fiona; Dunlop, Jason A.; Friedman, Matthew; Garwood, Russell J. (2014). "
2696:
2631:
1199:
1124:
1063:
1012:
869:
594:, and published further descriptions in a number of subsequent papers. In 1884,
587:
372:
275:
196:
34:
3826:"Evidence for a sister group relationship between Ricinulei and Trigonotarbida"
5453:
5271:
5130:
4933:
4826:
4599:
4447:
4285:
4221:
4018:
3874:
3585:
3541:
2073:
1251:
1167:
1159:
970:
917:
780:
140:
79:
44:
4941:
4873:
4767:
4646:
4554:
4352:
4294:
4229:
4164:
4026:
3419:
5312:
5249:
5195:
5160:
5143:
5091:
4523:"Morphology and systematics of anthracomartidae (Arachnida: Trigonotarbida)"
4139:"Almost a spider: a 305-million-year-old fossil arachnid and spider origins"
2720:
1294:
1211:
1116:
1112:
1069:
987:
921:
909:
889:
873:
861:
847:
742:
720:
663:
527:
477:
404:
380:
368:
356:
344:
186:
166:
126:
84:
5507:
4891:
4865:
4679:. Siedlce: Wydawnictwo Wyzszej Skoly Rolniczo-Pedagogicznej. pp. 65–82
4406:
4388:
4312:
4237:
4182:
4155:
4123:
4034:
3964:
3410:
3470:
5501:
5237:
5168:
5072:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1191:
1179:
1136:
332:
324:
206:
74:
69:
54:
49:
39:
5033:
The Simulation of the Walking Gait of the Extinct Trigonotarbid Arachnid
5009:
3805:
920:) and, together with trigonotarbids, share characters like two pairs of
412:
The first trigonotarbid was described in 1837 from the coal measures of
5279:
4496:
4421:
3385:
1327:
1319:
1266:
1262:
1139:
and always bears a pair of median eyes. In the probably basal families
913:
905:
865:
851:
764:
697:
575:
571:
531:
520:
489:
472:
433:
417:
336:
89:
64:
4104:
3627:
3490:
Treatise IV. Geology and mineralogy with reference to natural theology
1031:
were not. Two clades were consistently recovered with strong support—(
5224:
5085:
3907:
3787:
1108:
1104:
901:
535:
437:
425:
376:
364:
348:
328:
176:
5478:
4800:
4670:"Palaeozoic arachnids and their significance for arachnid phylogeny"
4330:
4002:
3567:
3515:
846:, showing position of Trigonotarbita and possible relationship with
5041:
4759:
4733:
5325:
4522:
3772:(1884). "A contribution to our knowledge of Paleozoic Arachnida".
3439:. In World Spider Catalog. Natural History Museum Bern, online at
3339:
1240:
1225:
1094:
1086:
900:
has become most widespread. Members of the Tetrapulmonata include
503:
397:
4420:
Stephen R. Fayers, Jason A. Dunlop & Nigel H. Trewin (2005).
526:
described a number of fossil arachnids from the coal measures of
5536:
5385:
4473:
Geinitz 1882 from the Upper Carboniferous of Zwickau, Germany".
3670:, ein Pseudoskorpion aus der Steinkohlenformation von Zwickau".
559:
493:
5482:
5442:
5110:
5045:
4905:
Fayers, Stephen R.; Dunlop, Jason A.; Trewin, Nigel H. (2005).
4369:
Russell Garwood, Jason A. Dunlop & Mark D. Sutton (2009).
1166:: the fangs are held parallel to one another, like those of
432:. A much better preserved example was later discovered from
1099:
External morphology of a trigonotarbid in sagittal section.
448:, he correctly identified it as an arachnid and renamed it
4677:
Proceedings of the 16th European Colloquium of Arachnology
480:). Woodward subsequently described another trigonotarbid,
1174:
spiders, but the chelicerae hang downwards like those of
1091:
Dorsal (A) and ventral (B) morphology of a trigonotarbid.
3775:
Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
4143:
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
347:). These animals are known from several localities in
3440:
1119:). As in other arachnids, the body is divided into a
3937:"Evolutionary morphology and phylogeny of Arachnida"
3437:
A summary list of fossil spiders and their relatives
5491:
5366:
5343:
5324:
5299:
5261:
5236:
5211:
5180:
5153:
5142:
5121:
4732:Garwood, Russell J.; Dunlop, Jason A. (July 2014).
3672:
Zeitschrift der Deutschen Geologischen Gesellschaft
3646:
Zeitschrift der Deutschen Geologischen Gesellschaft
1322:had been included under Trigonotarbida as follows:
3693:, eine neue Arachnide aus dem Böhmischen Karbon".
4621:Miether, Sebastian T.; Dunlop, Jason A. (2016).
3435:Dunlop, J. A., Penney, D. & Jekel, D. 2020.
4703:Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society
4521:Garwood, Russell J.; Dunlop, Jason A. (2011).
4086:Garwood, Russell J.; Dunlop, Jason A. (2014).
3834:Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society
3338:Garwood, Russell J.; Dunlop, Jason A. (2010).
3066:Poschmann, Dunlop, Bértoux & Galtier, 2016
3056:Poschmann, Dunlop, Bértoux & Galtier, 2016
957:, a genus known to have tiny pedipalpal claws.
872:). Anthracomartida and another extinct order,
5057:
4001:Dunlop, Jason A.; Lamsdell, James C. (2017).
928:hypothesis was largely supported and a group
8:
3920:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2516:– Late Carboniferous, Europe, North America
1043:as sister group the 'eophrynid assemblage' (
367:-like arachnids, but without silk-producing
4850:"Microanatomy of Early Devonian book lungs"
1037:(Archaeomartidae + Anthracomartidae)), and
552:
543:
464:
455:
5479:
5439:
5340:
5305:
5242:
5217:
5150:
5118:
5107:
5064:
5050:
5042:
4003:"Segmentation and tagmosis in Chelicerata"
515:, the eponymous species of Trigonotarbida.
109:
20:
5639:Carboniferous arthropods of North America
4881:
4396:
4302:
4284:
4172:
4154:
4113:
4103:
4067:
4055:Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
3954:
3795:
3616:Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
3469:
3409:
1107:, but can be easily recognised by having
578:, although he interpreted it as a fossil
4623:"Lateral eye evolution in the arachnids"
3456:Dunlop, Jason; Garwood, Russell (2014).
3384:Dunlop, J. A.; Rößler, R. (2013-08-01).
2882:– Late Carboniferous, UK, United States
4081:
4079:
3605:
3603:
3315:
4261:"The phylogeny of fossil whip spiders"
3913:
3333:
3331:
3329:
3327:
3325:
3323:
3321:
3319:
1103:Trigonotarbids superficially resemble
5679:Taxa named by Alexander Petrunkevitch
4727:
4725:
4723:
4721:
4719:
4717:
4695:
4693:
4516:
4514:
4364:
4362:
4007:Arthropod Structure & Development
3996:
3994:
3992:
3990:
3988:
3986:
3984:
3982:
3854:
3852:
3850:
3848:
3819:
3817:
3815:
3011:– Late Carboniferous, Czech Republic
2841:– Late Carboniferous, Czech Republic
1922:– Late Carboniferous, Czech Republic
1784:– Late Carboniferous, Czech Republic
420:by the famous English geologist Dean
7:
5634:Devonian arthropods of North America
3451:
3449:
3431:
3429:
3068:- Carboniferous, Graissessac, France
2941:– Early Carboniferous, United States
2818:– Late Carboniferous, Czech Republic
2797:– Late Carboniferous, Czech Republic
2786:– Late Carboniferous, Czech Republic
2011:– Late Carboniferous, Czech Republic
1951:– Late Carboniferous, Czech Republic
1911:– Late Carboniferous, Czech Republic
1900:– Late Carboniferous, Czech Republic
1822:– Late Carboniferous, Czech Republic
1773:– Late Carboniferous, Czech Republic
5644:Permian arthropods of North America
4914:Journal of Systematic Palaeontology
4427:Journal of Systematic Palaeontology
4340:Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift
3340:"Fossils Explained: Trigonotarbids"
2746:Brauckmann, Koch & Kemper, 1985
2438:– Early/Late Carboniferous, Europe
2372:Trigonomartidae Petrunkevitch, 1949
2348:– Late Carboniferous, United States
2337:– Late Carboniferous, United States
2033:– Late Carboniferous, United States
1664:Coryphomartidae Petrunkevitch, 1945
757:
735:
712:
690:
639:
632:
622:
454:—whereby the genus name comes from
5649:Carboniferous arthropods of Europe
5035:(MPhil). University of Manchester.
3956:10.1111/j.1096-0031.1990.tb00523.x
1256:, showing 5 rows of dorsal plates.
355:, as well as a single record from
14:
2424:Phrynomartus Petrunkevitch, 1945a
2418:Trigonomartus Petrunkevitch, 1913
1565:Fayers, Dunlop & Trewin, 2005
476:, a genus of living whip spider (
5423:are possibly paraphyletic groups
4965:"Ancient arachnid 'walks again'"
4547:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2010.01000.x
4069:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2007.00284.x
3356:10.1111/j.1365-2451.2010.00742.x
3091:- Carboniferous, Hagen-Vorhalle
1670:Pleomartidae Petrunkevitch, 1945
962:
944:
916:) and shorttailed whipscorpion (
424:. He believed it to be a fossil
375:), with the dorsal exoskeleton (
153:
3089:(Dunlop & Brauckmann, 2006)
2602:– Late Carboniferous, Argentina
1487:Shear, Selden & Rolfe, 1987
1477:Shear, Selden & Rolfe, 1987
1441:Shear, Selden & Rolfe, 1987
1430:Shear, Selden & Rolfe, 1987
1419:Shear, Selden & Rolfe, 1987
1408:Shear, Selden & Rolfe, 1987
1398:Shear, Selden & Rolfe, 1987
1385:Shear, Selden & Rolfe, 1987
1375:Shear, Selden & Rolfe, 1987
4801:"A new Carboniferous arachnid"
4202:Nature Ecology & Evolution
3287:– Late Carboniferous, Scotland
3210:- Carboniferous, West Virginia
2671:– Late Carboniferous, England
2396:- Devonian, Alken an der Mosel
1973:– Late Carboniferous, England
1833:– Late Carboniferous, England
1628:- Devonian, Alken an der Mosel
1466:– Late Devonian, United States
1135:The prosoma is covered by the
936:Trigonotarbids and ricinuleids
606:—the first trigonotarbid from
1:
5664:Silurian arthropods of Europe
5654:Devonian arthropods of Europe
4963:Jonathan Amos (9 July 2014).
3462:Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
3278:– Late Carboniferous, Germany
3269:– Late Carboniferous, Germany
3247:- Carboniferous, Rhode Island
3189:– Late Carboniferous, Germany
3104:Dunlop & Brauckmann, 2006
2748:– Late Carboniferous, Germany
2737:– Late Carboniferous, England
2648:– Late Carboniferous, Germany
2291:– Late Carboniferous, England
2172:– Late Carboniferous, Europe
2143:– Late Carboniferous, Europe
2090:– Late Carboniferous, Europe
2067:– Late Carboniferous, Belgium
1962:– Late Carboniferous, Germany
1489:– Mid Devonian, United States
1443:– Mid Devonian, United States
1432:– Mid Devonian, United States
1421:– Mid Devonian, United States
1410:– Mid Devonian, United States
1387:– Mid Devonian, United States
1015:as monophyletic. In contrast
331:record extends from the late
301:Thorell & Lindström, 1885
5659:Permian arthropods of Europe
5609:Prehistoric arthropod orders
5414:Classification is based on
4476:Paläontologische Zeitschrift
3305:– Late Carboniferous, Canada
3296:– Late Carboniferous, Canada
3183:Anthracophrynus tuberculatus
3079:Poschmann & Dunlop, 2010
3031:Pseudoeophrynus ostraviensis
2625:– Late Carboniferous, France
2579:– Late Carboniferous, France
2280:– Late Carboniferous, France
2044:– Late Carboniferous, Poland
2022:– Late Carboniferous, Canada
2005:Anthracomartus radvanicensis
1889:– Late Carboniferous, Poland
1578:Poschmann & Dunlop, 2011
484:, from the coal measures of
5274:(shorttailed whipscorpions)
4639:10.13156/arac.2006.17.2.103
2596:Gondwanarache argentinensis
2038:Anthracomartus voelkelianus
2016:Anthracomartus triangularis
1588:Poschman & Dunlop, 2011
1561:Palaeocharinus tuberculatus
1237:, showing divided tergites.
979:, showing divided tergites.
540:Anthracomartus voelkelianus
5695:
5669:Silurian first appearances
4048:Jeffrey W. Shultz (2007).
3935:Jeffrey W. Shultz (1990).
3153:Hradská & Dunlop, 2013
3143:Hradská & Dunlop, 2013
2913:Ambrose & Romano, 1972
2600:Pinto & Hünicken, 1980
2590:Pinto & Hünicken, 1980
2487:Brachylycosa manebachensis
1778:Anthracomartus carcinoides
1658:Brachypygidae Pocock, 1911
1567:– Early Devonian, Scotland
1556:– Early Devonian, Scotland
1550:Palaeocharinus scourfieldi
1545:– Early Devonian, Scotland
1534:– Early Devonian, Scotland
1523:– Early Devonian, Scotland
1512:– Early Devonian, Scotland
1437:Gelasinotarbus reticulatus
896:), but for which the name
570:from the coal measures of
538:), including one he named
16:Extinct order of arachnids
5449:
5438:
5410:
5308:
5252:(tailless whip scorpions)
5245:
5220:
5117:
5106:
5080:
4934:10.1017/S147720190400149X
4827:10.1017/S001675680011252X
4600:10.1017/S0016756800083692
4448:10.1017/S147720190400149X
4286:10.1186/s12862-017-0931-1
4222:10.1038/s41559-017-0449-3
4019:10.1016/j.asd.2016.05.002
3899:American Museum Novitates
3875:10.1007/s00435-009-0090-z
3586:10.1017/S0016756800152616
3542:10.1017/s0016756800192817
3130:Dunlop & Rößler, 2013
3120:Dunlop & Rößler, 2013
2759:Harvey & Selden, 1995
2665:Pseudokreischeria pococki
2302:– Early Devonian, Germany
2245:- Carboniferous, Silesia
2220:Dunlop & Selden, 2004
2210:Dunlop & Selden, 2004
2027:Anthracomartus trilobitus
1945:Anthracomartus nyranensis
1883:Anthracomartus granulatus
1584:Spinocharinus steinmeyeri
1539:Palaeocharinus rhyniensis
1460:Gigantocharinus szatmaryi
778:
762:
755:
740:
733:
717:
710:
695:
688:
661:
644:
637:
630:
600:Anthracomartus trilobitus
582:. Johann Kušta described
544:
456:
442:West Midlands conurbation
290:
283:
237:
232:
150:Scientific classification
148:
117:
108:
23:
5031:MCLean, Callum. (2017).
4353:10.1002/mmnd.18920370108
4265:BMC Evolutionary Biology
3824:Jason A. Dunlop (1996).
3496:(2nd ed.). London:
3226:– Early Permian, Germany
2713:Hemiphrynidae Frič, 1904
2619:Hemikreischeria geinitzi
2510:Aphantomartus pustulatus
2499:Aphantomartus ilfeldicus
1956:Anthracomartus palatinus
1352:– Late Silurian, England
5624:Carboniferous arachnids
4989:Journal of Paleontology
4739:Journal of Paleontology
3797:2027/hvd.32044107176828
3241:Aphantomartus woodruffi
3102:Archaeomartus roessleri
2958:Somaspidion hammapheron
2895:Dix & Pringle, 1930
2537:Cleptomartus plötzensis
2458:Trigonomartus dorlodoti
2432:Aphantomartus areolatus
2331:Lissomartus carbonarius
2296:Trigonotarbus stoermeri
2222:– Early Devonian, Wales
1767:Anthracomartus bohemica
1652:Promygalidae Frič, 1904
1528:Palaeocharinus kidstoni
1415:Gelasinotarbus bonamoae
1206:(claw) formed from the
1123:(or cephalothorax) and
1117:Ricinulei#Relationships
854:taxa indicaded by '†'.
470:, meaning 'dawn'), and
444:. Described in 1871 by
5674:Cisuralian extinctions
4866:10.1098/rsbl.2007.0597
4389:10.1098/rsbl.2009.0464
4156:10.1098/rspb.2016.0125
3691:Anthracomartus krejcii
3689:Johann Kušta (1883). "
3612:Trigonotarbus johnsoni
3411:10.5194/fr-16-229-2013
3300:?Eurymartus spinulosus
3155:- Carboniferous, Týnec
3149:Tynecotarbus tichaveki
3085:Namurotarbus roessleri
3062:Aenigmatarbus rastelli
2876:Pleophrynus verrucosus
2852:Anthracomartus affinis
2477:Trigonomartus pruvosti
2342:Lissomartus schucherti
2285:Trigonotarbus johnsoni
2166:Anthracosiro woodwardi
2154:Anthracosiro elongatus
2137:Anthracosiro fritschii
2101:Maiocercus orbicularis
1984:Anthracomartus denuiti
1967:Anthracomartus priesti
1816:Anthracomartus elegans
1506:Palaeocharinus calmani
1483:Gilboarachne griersoni
1426:Gelasinotarbus heptops
1404:Gelasinotarbus bifidus
1381:Aculeatarbus depressus
1257:
1238:
1100:
1092:
999:Internal relationships
842:Internal phylogeny of
604:Fayetteville, Arkansas
596:Samuel Hubbard Scudder
584:Anthracomartus krejcii
558:), the Greek word for
553:
516:
465:
440:; also in the English
430:Curculoides prestvicii
409:
323:is a group of extinct
5571:Paleobiology Database
5133:(microwhip scorpions)
4668:Dunlop, J.A. (1997).
3471:10.4202/app.2012.0032
3282:Elaverimartus pococki
3273:Anthracomartus hageni
3126:Permotarbus schuberti
2812:Petrovicia proditoria
2791:Nyranytarbus longipes
2780:Nyranytarbus hofmanni
2449:Aphantomartus pococki
2346:(Petrunkevitch, 1913)
2335:(Petrunkevitch, 1913)
2274:Trigonotarbus arnoldi
1949:(Petrunkevitch, 1953)
1933:Anthracomartus socius
1905:Anthracomartus kustae
1844:Cleptomartus hangardi
1517:Palaeocharinus hornei
1318:As of 2020, 70 valid
1245:Reconstruction of an
1244:
1229:
1098:
1090:
507:
401:
394:Historical background
5315:(hooded tickspiders)
3264:Anthracomartus buchi
3022:Cyclotrogulus sturii
3005:Stenotrogulus salmii
2904:Petrunkevitch, 1945a
2870:Petrunkevitch, 1945a
2731:Eophrynus prestvicii
2239:Vratislavia silesica
2192:Anthracosiro latipes
2183:Anthracosiro corsini
1993:Cleptomartus plautus
1916:Anthracomartus minor
1894:Anthracomartus janae
1871:Cryptomartus rebskei
1827:Anthracomartus hindi
1804:Perneria salticoides
519:In 1882, the German
500:A new arachnid order
451:Eophrynus prestvicii
363:can be envisaged as
5010:10.1017/jpa.2016.33
5002:2015JPal...89..980W
4926:2005JSPal...2..269F
4819:1903GeoM...10..247P
4806:Geological Magazine
4752:2014JPal...88..735G
4592:1926GeoM...63...69H
4579:Geological Magazine
4539:2011Palgy..54..145G
4489:1997PalZ...71..237R
4440:2005JSPal...2..269F
4277:2017BMCEE..17..105G
4214:2018NatEE...2..614W
3573:Geological Magazine
3534:1871GeoM....8..385W
3521:Geological Magazine
3402:2013FossR..16..229D
3285:Petrunkevitch, 1953
3208:Petrunkevitch, 1913
3198:Petrunkevitch, 1913
2929:Petrunkevitch, 1953
2902:Pleophrynus ensifer
2835:Planomartus krejcii
2829:Petrunkevitch, 1953
2684:Petrunkevitch, 1949
2659:Petrunkevitch, 1953
2567:Petrunkevitch, 1953
2528:Kreischeria villeti
2479:van der Heide, 1951
2467:Eophrynus waechteri
2359:Petrunkevitch, 1945
2325:Petrunkevitch, 1949
2278:Petrunkevitch, 1955
2256:Petrunkevitch, 1949
2216:Arianrhoda bennetti
2084:Maiocercus celticus
2061:Brachypyge carbonis
2020:Petrunkevitch, 1913
1995:Petrunkevitch, 1949
1909:Petrunkevitch, 1953
1864:Petrunkevitch, 1949
1862:Cleptomartus planus
1853:Cryptomartus meyeri
1750:Petrunkevitch, 1945
1732:Petrunkevitch, 1953
1723:Petrunkevitch, 1945
1714:Petrunkevitch, 1945
1705:Petrunkevitch, 1949
1622:Archaeomartus levis
1346:Palaeotarbus jerami
912:), whip scorpions (
564:Hanns Bruno Geinitz
482:Brachypyge carbonis
5619:Devonian arachnids
5614:Silurian arachnids
5188:Pseudoscorpionida
4497:10.1007/BF02988493
4471:Kreischeria wiedei
4149:(1827): 20160125.
3668:Kreischeria wiedei
3441:http://wsc.nmbe.ch
3276:(Goldenberg, 1873)
3267:(Goldenberg, 1873)
2642:Kreischeria wiedei
2505:– Permian, Germany
1258:
1239:
1147:—and perhaps also
1101:
1093:
951:Reconstruction of
568:Kreischeria wiedei
517:
508:Reconstruction of
410:
5629:Permian arachnids
5586:
5585:
5558:Open Tree of Life
5485:Taxon identifiers
5476:
5475:
5472:
5471:
5434:
5433:
5430:
5429:
5406:
5405:
5402:
5401:
5389:
5376:Opilioacariformes
5336:
5316:
5295:
5294:
5291:
5290:
5283:
5275:
5253:
5228:
5207:
5206:
5199:
5191:
5190:(pseudoscorpions)
5172:
5164:
5134:
4105:10.7717/peerj.641
3770:Samuel H. Scudder
3628:10.1111/zoj.12167
3498:William Pickering
3304:
3295:
3286:
3277:
3268:
3246:
3236:
3225:
3209:
3204:Areomartus ovatus
3199:
3188:
3178:
3154:
3144:
3132:Permian, Chemnitz
3131:
3121:
3105:
3096:
3090:
3080:
3067:
3057:
3034:
3025:
3016:
3010:
2998:
2989:
2980:
2975:
2963:
2953:
2940:
2930:
2914:
2911:Eophrynus jugatus
2905:
2896:
2887:
2881:
2871:
2855:
2846:
2840:
2830:
2817:
2796:
2785:
2773:
2765:
2760:
2747:
2736:
2726:
2714:
2708:
2701:
2685:
2676:
2670:
2660:
2655:Pseudokreischeria
2647:
2637:
2624:
2614:
2601:
2591:
2578:
2573:Anzinia thevenini
2568:
2556:
2540:
2531:
2521:
2515:
2504:
2490:
2480:
2470:
2461:
2452:
2443:
2437:
2425:
2419:
2413:
2408:
2395:
2390:Alkenia mirabilis
2385:
2373:
2367:
2360:
2347:
2336:
2326:
2314:
2301:
2290:
2279:
2269:
2257:
2244:
2234:
2221:
2211:
2195:
2186:
2177:
2171:
2157:
2148:
2142:
2132:
2120:
2116:Anthracosironidae
2104:
2095:
2089:
2079:
2066:
2056:
2043:
2032:
2021:
2010:
1996:
1987:
1978:
1972:
1961:
1950:
1936:
1927:
1921:
1910:
1899:
1888:
1874:
1865:
1856:
1847:
1838:
1832:
1821:
1807:
1798:
1795:Promygale rotunda
1789:
1783:
1772:
1760:
1751:
1742:
1733:
1724:
1715:
1706:
1697:
1688:
1683:
1671:
1665:
1659:
1653:
1647:
1640:
1627:
1617:
1605:
1589:
1579:
1566:
1555:
1544:
1533:
1522:
1511:
1501:
1488:
1478:
1465:
1455:
1442:
1431:
1420:
1409:
1399:
1386:
1376:
1364:
1351:
1341:
1149:Anthracosironidae
1058:Pseudokreischeria
1009:Anthracosironidae
930:Pantetrapulmonata
908:), whip spiders (
880:Pantetrapulmonata
858:
857:
844:Pantetrapulmonata
836:
835:
827:
826:
818:
817:
809:
808:
800:
799:
791:
790:
674:
673:
627:Pantetrapulmonata
314:
313:
308:
302:
296:
251:Anthracosironidae
228:
103:
30:Pridoli–Sakmarian
5686:
5579:
5578:
5566:
5565:
5553:
5552:
5540:
5539:
5527:
5526:
5525:
5512:
5511:
5510:
5480:
5459:Phalangiotarbida
5440:
5422:
5387:
5341:
5335:
5334:
5330:
5328:
5314:
5306:
5302:
5281:
5273:
5251:
5243:
5226:
5218:
5197:
5189:
5170:
5162:
5151:
5146:
5132:
5119:
5108:
5066:
5059:
5052:
5043:
5037:
5036:
5028:
5022:
5021:
4983:
4977:
4976:
4974:
4972:
4960:
4954:
4953:
4911:
4902:
4896:
4895:
4885:
4845:
4839:
4838:
4793:
4787:
4786:
4784:
4782:
4729:
4712:
4711:
4697:
4688:
4687:
4685:
4684:
4674:
4665:
4659:
4658:
4618:
4612:
4611:
4573:
4567:
4566:
4518:
4509:
4508:
4483:(3–4): 237–245.
4466:
4460:
4459:
4417:
4411:
4410:
4400:
4366:
4357:
4356:
4327:Ferdinand Karsch
4323:
4317:
4316:
4306:
4288:
4256:
4250:
4249:
4193:
4187:
4186:
4176:
4158:
4134:
4128:
4127:
4117:
4107:
4083:
4074:
4073:
4071:
4045:
4039:
4038:
3998:
3977:
3976:
3958:
3932:
3926:
3925:
3919:
3911:
3893:
3887:
3886:
3856:
3843:
3842:
3830:
3821:
3810:
3809:
3799:
3788:10.2307/25138764
3766:
3760:
3759:
3747:
3741:
3740:
3728:
3722:
3721:
3709:
3703:
3702:
3686:
3680:
3679:
3660:
3654:
3653:
3638:
3632:
3631:
3607:
3598:
3597:
3560:
3554:
3553:
3508:
3502:
3501:
3486:William Buckland
3482:
3476:
3475:
3473:
3453:
3444:
3433:
3424:
3423:
3413:
3381:
3375:
3374:
3372:
3370:
3335:
3302:
3293:
3291:Eurymartus latus
3284:
3275:
3266:
3244:
3234:
3223:
3207:
3197:
3186:
3176:
3152:
3142:
3129:
3119:
3099:
3094:
3088:
3078:
3065:
3055:
3045:Family uncertain
3029:
3020:
3014:
3008:
2993:
2984:
2978:
2973:
2961:
2951:
2938:
2935:Pocononia whitei
2928:
2909:
2900:
2891:
2885:
2879:
2869:
2850:
2844:
2838:
2828:
2815:
2794:
2783:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2745:
2735:(Buckland, 1837)
2734:
2724:
2712:
2706:
2699:
2682:Eophrynus varius
2680:
2674:
2668:
2658:
2645:
2635:
2623:(Thevenin, 1902)
2622:
2612:
2599:
2589:
2576:
2566:
2554:
2535:
2525:
2519:
2513:
2502:
2484:
2474:
2465:
2456:
2447:
2441:
2435:
2423:
2417:
2411:
2406:
2393:
2383:
2371:
2365:
2358:
2345:
2334:
2324:
2312:
2299:
2288:
2277:
2267:
2255:
2242:
2232:
2219:
2209:
2190:
2181:
2175:
2169:
2152:
2146:
2140:
2130:
2118:
2099:
2093:
2087:
2077:
2064:
2054:
2041:
2030:
2019:
2009:(Opluštil, 1985)
2008:
1991:
1982:
1976:
1970:
1959:
1948:
1931:
1925:
1919:
1908:
1898:(Opluštil, 1986)
1897:
1886:
1873:Brauckmann, 1984
1869:
1860:
1851:
1842:
1836:
1830:
1819:
1802:
1793:
1787:
1781:
1770:
1755:
1746:
1737:
1728:
1719:
1710:
1701:
1692:
1686:
1681:
1669:
1663:
1657:
1651:
1645:
1638:
1636:Anthracomartidae
1625:
1615:
1603:
1587:
1577:
1564:
1553:
1542:
1531:
1520:
1509:
1499:
1486:
1476:
1463:
1453:
1440:
1429:
1418:
1407:
1397:
1384:
1374:
1362:
1360:Palaeocharinidae
1349:
1339:
1272:Anthracomartidae
1145:Anthracomartidae
1141:Palaeocharinidae
1025:Palaeocharinidae
1005:Anthracomartidae
976:Ricinoides atewa
966:
948:
886:Gilboa, New York
758:
736:
713:
691:
640:
633:
623:
618:
617:
556:
549:
548:
524:Ferdinand Karsch
468:
461:
460:
422:William Buckland
306:
300:
294:
246:Anthracomartidae
241:Palaeocharinidae
223:
218:
158:
157:
113:
95:
94:
31:
27:Temporal range:
21:
5694:
5693:
5689:
5688:
5687:
5685:
5684:
5683:
5604:Arachnid orders
5589:
5588:
5587:
5582:
5574:
5569:
5561:
5556:
5548:
5543:
5535:
5530:
5521:
5520:
5515:
5506:
5505:
5500:
5487:
5477:
5468:
5445:
5426:
5420:
5398:
5362:
5332:
5331:
5329:
5326:
5320:
5300:
5287:
5257:
5232:
5203:
5198:(camel spiders)
5176:
5144:
5138:
5113:
5102:
5076:
5070:
5040:
5030:
5029:
5025:
4985:
4984:
4980:
4970:
4968:
4962:
4961:
4957:
4909:
4904:
4903:
4899:
4854:Biology Letters
4847:
4846:
4842:
4795:
4794:
4790:
4780:
4778:
4731:
4730:
4715:
4699:
4698:
4691:
4682:
4680:
4672:
4667:
4666:
4662:
4620:
4619:
4615:
4575:
4574:
4570:
4520:
4519:
4512:
4468:
4467:
4463:
4419:
4418:
4414:
4376:Biology Letters
4368:
4367:
4360:
4325:
4324:
4320:
4258:
4257:
4253:
4195:
4194:
4190:
4136:
4135:
4131:
4085:
4084:
4077:
4047:
4046:
4042:
4000:
3999:
3980:
3934:
3933:
3929:
3912:
3895:
3894:
3890:
3858:
3857:
3846:
3828:
3823:
3822:
3813:
3768:
3767:
3763:
3749:
3748:
3744:
3730:
3729:
3725:
3711:
3710:
3706:
3688:
3687:
3683:
3662:
3661:
3657:
3640:
3639:
3635:
3609:
3608:
3601:
3562:
3561:
3557:
3510:
3509:
3505:
3484:
3483:
3479:
3455:
3454:
3447:
3434:
3427:
3383:
3382:
3378:
3368:
3366:
3337:
3336:
3317:
3313:
3308:
3245:(Scudder, 1893)
3173:Anthracophrynus
2995:Pseudoeophrynus
2893:Eophrynus warei
2609:Hemikreischeria
2577:(Pruvost, 1919)
2514:(Scudder, 1884)
2356:Aphantomartidae
2253:Trigonotarbidae
1601:Archaeomartidae
1450:Gigantocharinus
1316:
1307:
1224:
1133:
1085:
1021:Aphantomartidae
1017:Trigonotarbidae
1001:
984:
983:
982:
981:
980:
967:
959:
958:
949:
938:
882:
837:
828:
819:
810:
801:
792:
767:(Thelyphonida)
675:
616:
502:
396:
266:Aphantomartidae
256:Trigonotarbidae
222:
216:
152:
104:
93:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
42:
37:
29:
28:
25:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5692:
5690:
5682:
5681:
5676:
5671:
5666:
5661:
5656:
5651:
5646:
5641:
5636:
5631:
5626:
5621:
5616:
5611:
5606:
5601:
5599:Trigonotarbids
5591:
5590:
5584:
5583:
5581:
5580:
5567:
5554:
5541:
5528:
5523:Trigonotarbida
5513:
5497:
5495:
5493:Trigonotarbida
5489:
5488:
5483:
5474:
5473:
5470:
5469:
5467:
5466:
5464:Trigonotarbida
5461:
5456:
5450:
5447:
5446:
5443:
5436:
5435:
5432:
5431:
5428:
5427:
5425:
5424:
5421:Items in green
5418:
5411:
5408:
5407:
5404:
5403:
5400:
5399:
5397:
5396:
5391:
5383:
5378:
5372:
5370:
5368:Parasitiformes
5364:
5363:
5361:
5360:
5358:Trombidiformes
5355:
5353:Sarcoptiformes
5349:
5347:
5338:
5333:(ticks, mites)
5322:
5321:
5319:
5318:
5309:
5303:
5297:
5296:
5293:
5292:
5289:
5288:
5286:
5285:
5277:
5268:
5266:
5259:
5258:
5256:
5255:
5246:
5240:
5234:
5233:
5231:
5230:
5221:
5215:
5213:Tetrapulmonata
5209:
5208:
5205:
5204:
5202:
5201:
5193:
5184:
5182:
5178:
5177:
5175:
5174:
5166:
5157:
5155:
5148:
5140:
5139:
5137:
5136:
5127:
5125:
5123:Incertae sedis
5115:
5114:
5111:
5104:
5103:
5101:
5100:
5094:
5088:
5081:
5078:
5077:
5071:
5069:
5068:
5061:
5054:
5046:
5039:
5038:
5023:
4996:(6): 980–990.
4978:
4955:
4920:(4): 269–284.
4897:
4860:(2): 212–215.
4840:
4813:(6): 247–251.
4788:
4760:10.1666/13-088
4746:(4): 735–746.
4713:
4689:
4660:
4633:(2): 103–119.
4613:
4568:
4533:(1): 145–161.
4510:
4461:
4434:(4): 269–284.
4412:
4383:(6): 841–844.
4358:
4318:
4251:
4208:(4): 614–622.
4188:
4129:
4075:
4062:(2): 221–265.
4040:
4013:(3): 395–418.
3978:
3927:
3902:(2901): 1–74.
3888:
3869:(4): 305–313.
3844:
3811:
3761:
3742:
3723:
3704:
3681:
3655:
3633:
3599:
3580:(5): 433–436.
3576:. new series.
3555:
3503:
3477:
3445:
3443:, version 20.5
3425:
3396:(2): 229–243.
3376:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3306:
3297:
3288:
3279:
3270:
3260:
3259:
3251:
3250:
3249:
3248:
3227:
3213:
3212:
3211:
3192:
3191:
3190:
3168:
3167:
3164:incertae sedis
3159:
3158:
3157:
3156:
3135:
3134:
3133:
3112:
3111:
3110:
3109:
3108:
3107:
3106:
3071:
3070:
3069:
3047:
3046:
3042:
3041:
3040:
3039:
3038:
3037:
3036:
3035:
3026:
3001:
3000:
2999:
2990:
2966:
2965:
2964:
2944:
2943:
2942:
2921:
2920:
2919:
2918:
2917:
2916:
2915:
2906:
2897:
2880:(Pocock, 1911)
2862:
2861:
2860:
2859:
2858:
2857:
2856:
2821:
2820:
2819:
2800:
2799:
2798:
2787:
2776:
2775:
2774:
2751:
2750:
2749:
2742:Eophrynus udus
2738:
2725:Woodward, 1871
2717:
2716:
2715:
2703:
2702:
2693:
2692:
2691:
2690:
2689:
2688:
2687:
2686:
2651:
2650:
2649:
2628:
2627:
2626:
2605:
2604:
2603:
2582:
2581:
2580:
2558:
2557:
2552:Kreischeriidae
2548:
2547:
2546:
2545:
2544:
2543:
2542:
2541:
2532:
2506:
2503:(Scharf, 1924)
2495:
2494:
2493:
2492:
2491:
2481:
2471:
2462:
2453:
2428:
2427:
2426:
2420:
2399:
2398:
2397:
2376:
2375:
2374:
2362:
2361:
2352:
2351:
2350:
2349:
2338:
2316:
2315:
2306:
2305:
2304:
2303:
2300:Schultka, 1991
2292:
2281:
2259:
2258:
2249:
2248:
2247:
2246:
2243:(Roemer, 1878)
2225:
2224:
2223:
2202:
2201:
2200:
2199:
2198:
2197:
2196:
2187:
2162:
2161:
2160:
2159:
2158:
2156:Waterlot, 1934
2122:
2121:
2112:
2111:
2110:
2109:
2108:
2107:
2106:
2105:
2088:(Pocock, 1902)
2070:
2069:
2068:
2065:Woodward, 1878
2055:Woodward, 1878
2047:
2046:
2045:
2034:
2023:
2012:
2001:
2000:
1999:
1998:
1997:
1988:
1963:
1952:
1941:
1940:
1939:
1938:
1937:
1912:
1901:
1890:
1879:
1878:
1877:
1876:
1875:
1866:
1857:
1848:
1823:
1812:
1811:
1810:
1809:
1808:
1799:
1774:
1763:
1762:
1761:
1752:
1743:
1734:
1725:
1716:
1707:
1698:
1678:Anthracomartus
1674:
1673:
1672:
1666:
1660:
1654:
1642:
1641:
1632:
1631:
1630:
1629:
1607:
1606:
1597:
1596:
1595:
1594:
1570:
1569:
1568:
1557:
1546:
1535:
1524:
1513:
1496:Palaeocharinus
1492:
1491:
1490:
1469:
1468:
1467:
1446:
1445:
1444:
1433:
1422:
1411:
1394:Gelasinotarbus
1390:
1389:
1388:
1366:
1365:
1356:
1355:
1354:
1353:
1350:(Dunlop, 1996)
1331:
1330:
1324:
1315:
1312:
1306:
1303:
1291:tetrapulmonate
1249:trigonotarbid
1247:anthracomartid
1223:
1220:
1132:
1129:
1084:
1081:
1034:Palaeocharinus
1029:Kreischeriidae
1000:
997:
968:
961:
960:
954:Palaeocharinus
950:
943:
942:
941:
940:
939:
937:
934:
898:Tetrapulmonata
881:
878:
856:
855:
839:
838:
834:
833:
830:
829:
825:
824:
821:
820:
816:
815:
812:
811:
807:
806:
803:
802:
798:
797:
794:
793:
789:
788:
785:
784:
777:
774:
773:
770:
769:
761:
756:
754:
751:
750:
747:
746:
739:
734:
732:
729:
728:
725:
724:
716:
711:
709:
706:
705:
702:
701:
694:
689:
687:
685:Tetrapulmonata
681:
680:
677:
676:
672:
671:
668:
667:
660:
656:
655:
652:
651:
648:Trigonotarbita
643:
638:
636:
631:
629:
621:
615:
612:
592:Czech Republic
580:pseudoscorpion
501:
498:
446:Henry Woodward
395:
392:
361:Trigonotarbids
321:Trigonotarbida
312:
311:
310:
309:
303:
297:
293:Anthracomarti
288:
287:
281:
280:
279:
278:
273:
271:Kreischeriidae
268:
263:
258:
253:
248:
243:
235:
234:
230:
229:
220:Trigonotarbida
214:
210:
209:
204:
200:
199:
194:
190:
189:
184:
180:
179:
174:
170:
169:
164:
160:
159:
146:
145:
120:Palaeocharinus
115:
114:
106:
105:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
43:
38:
33:
32:
26:
24:Trigonotarbida
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5691:
5680:
5677:
5675:
5672:
5670:
5667:
5665:
5662:
5660:
5657:
5655:
5652:
5650:
5647:
5645:
5642:
5640:
5637:
5635:
5632:
5630:
5627:
5625:
5622:
5620:
5617:
5615:
5612:
5610:
5607:
5605:
5602:
5600:
5597:
5596:
5594:
5577:
5572:
5568:
5564:
5559:
5555:
5551:
5546:
5542:
5538:
5533:
5529:
5524:
5518:
5514:
5509:
5503:
5499:
5498:
5496:
5494:
5490:
5486:
5481:
5465:
5462:
5460:
5457:
5455:
5452:
5451:
5448:
5441:
5437:
5419:
5417:
5416:Shultz (2007)
5413:
5412:
5409:
5395:
5392:
5390:
5384:
5382:
5379:
5377:
5374:
5373:
5371:
5369:
5365:
5359:
5356:
5354:
5351:
5350:
5348:
5346:
5342:
5339:
5337:
5323:
5317:
5311:
5310:
5307:
5304:
5298:
5284:
5282:(vinegaroons)
5278:
5276:
5270:
5269:
5267:
5265:
5262:Thelyphonida
5260:
5254:
5248:
5247:
5244:
5241:
5239:
5235:
5229:
5223:
5222:
5219:
5216:
5214:
5210:
5200:
5194:
5192:
5186:
5185:
5183:
5179:
5173:
5167:
5165:
5159:
5158:
5156:
5152:
5149:
5147:
5141:
5135:
5129:
5128:
5126:
5124:
5120:
5116:
5109:
5105:
5099:
5095:
5093:
5089:
5087:
5083:
5082:
5079:
5074:
5067:
5062:
5060:
5055:
5053:
5048:
5047:
5044:
5034:
5027:
5024:
5019:
5015:
5011:
5007:
5003:
4999:
4995:
4991:
4990:
4982:
4979:
4966:
4959:
4956:
4951:
4947:
4943:
4939:
4935:
4931:
4927:
4923:
4919:
4915:
4908:
4901:
4898:
4893:
4889:
4884:
4879:
4875:
4871:
4867:
4863:
4859:
4855:
4851:
4844:
4841:
4836:
4832:
4828:
4824:
4820:
4816:
4812:
4808:
4807:
4802:
4798:
4792:
4789:
4777:
4773:
4769:
4765:
4761:
4757:
4753:
4749:
4745:
4741:
4740:
4735:
4728:
4726:
4724:
4722:
4720:
4718:
4714:
4709:
4705:
4704:
4696:
4694:
4690:
4678:
4671:
4664:
4661:
4656:
4652:
4648:
4644:
4640:
4636:
4632:
4628:
4624:
4617:
4614:
4609:
4605:
4601:
4597:
4593:
4589:
4585:
4581:
4580:
4572:
4569:
4564:
4560:
4556:
4552:
4548:
4544:
4540:
4536:
4532:
4528:
4527:Palaeontology
4524:
4517:
4515:
4511:
4506:
4502:
4498:
4494:
4490:
4486:
4482:
4478:
4477:
4472:
4465:
4462:
4457:
4453:
4449:
4445:
4441:
4437:
4433:
4429:
4428:
4423:
4416:
4413:
4408:
4404:
4399:
4394:
4390:
4386:
4382:
4378:
4377:
4372:
4365:
4363:
4359:
4354:
4350:
4346:
4343:(in German).
4342:
4341:
4336:
4334:
4328:
4322:
4319:
4314:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4296:
4292:
4287:
4282:
4278:
4274:
4270:
4266:
4262:
4255:
4252:
4247:
4243:
4239:
4235:
4231:
4227:
4223:
4219:
4215:
4211:
4207:
4203:
4199:
4192:
4189:
4184:
4180:
4175:
4170:
4166:
4162:
4157:
4152:
4148:
4144:
4140:
4133:
4130:
4125:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4101:
4097:
4093:
4089:
4082:
4080:
4076:
4070:
4065:
4061:
4057:
4056:
4051:
4044:
4041:
4036:
4032:
4028:
4024:
4020:
4016:
4012:
4008:
4004:
3997:
3995:
3993:
3991:
3989:
3987:
3985:
3983:
3979:
3974:
3970:
3966:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3948:
3944:
3943:
3938:
3931:
3928:
3923:
3917:
3909:
3905:
3901:
3900:
3892:
3889:
3884:
3880:
3876:
3872:
3868:
3864:
3863:
3862:Zoomorphology
3855:
3853:
3851:
3849:
3845:
3841:(6): 193–204.
3840:
3836:
3835:
3827:
3820:
3818:
3816:
3812:
3807:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3789:
3785:
3781:
3777:
3776:
3771:
3765:
3762:
3757:
3753:
3746:
3743:
3738:
3735:(in German).
3734:
3727:
3724:
3719:
3716:(in German).
3715:
3708:
3705:
3700:
3697:(in German).
3696:
3692:
3685:
3682:
3677:
3674:(in German).
3673:
3669:
3665:
3664:H. B. Geinitz
3659:
3656:
3651:
3648:(in German).
3647:
3643:
3637:
3634:
3629:
3625:
3621:
3617:
3613:
3606:
3604:
3600:
3595:
3591:
3587:
3583:
3579:
3575:
3574:
3569:
3565:
3559:
3556:
3551:
3547:
3543:
3539:
3535:
3531:
3527:
3523:
3522:
3517:
3513:
3507:
3504:
3499:
3495:
3491:
3487:
3481:
3478:
3472:
3467:
3463:
3459:
3452:
3450:
3446:
3442:
3438:
3432:
3430:
3426:
3421:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3403:
3399:
3395:
3391:
3390:Fossil Record
3387:
3380:
3377:
3365:
3361:
3357:
3353:
3349:
3345:
3344:Geology Today
3341:
3334:
3332:
3330:
3328:
3326:
3324:
3322:
3320:
3316:
3310:
3303:Matthew, 1895
3301:
3298:
3294:Matthew, 1895
3292:
3289:
3283:
3280:
3274:
3271:
3265:
3262:
3261:
3258:
3257:
3253:
3252:
3243:
3242:
3238:
3237:
3233:
3232:
3231:Aphantomartus
3228:
3222:
3218:
3214:
3206:
3205:
3201:
3200:
3196:
3193:
3185:
3184:
3180:
3179:
3175:
3174:
3170:
3169:
3166:
3165:
3161:
3160:
3151:
3150:
3146:
3145:
3141:
3140:
3136:
3128:
3127:
3123:
3122:
3118:
3117:
3113:
3103:
3098:
3097:
3093:
3092:
3087:
3086:
3082:
3081:
3077:
3076:
3072:
3064:
3063:
3059:
3058:
3054:
3053:
3052:Aenigmatarbus
3049:
3048:
3044:
3043:
3032:
3027:
3023:
3018:
3017:
3013:
3012:
3007:
3006:
3002:
2996:
2991:
2987:
2986:Cyclotrogulus
2982:
2981:
2977:
2976:
2972:
2971:
2970:Stenotrogulus
2967:
2960:
2959:
2955:
2954:
2950:
2949:
2945:
2939:(Ewing, 1930)
2937:
2936:
2932:
2931:
2927:
2926:
2922:
2912:
2907:
2903:
2898:
2894:
2889:
2888:
2884:
2883:
2878:
2877:
2873:
2872:
2868:
2867:
2863:
2853:
2848:
2847:
2843:
2842:
2839:(Kušta, 1883)
2837:
2836:
2832:
2831:
2827:
2826:
2822:
2814:
2813:
2809:
2808:
2806:
2805:
2801:
2793:
2792:
2788:
2782:
2781:
2777:
2771:
2767:
2766:
2762:
2761:
2757:
2756:
2752:
2744:
2743:
2739:
2733:
2732:
2728:
2727:
2723:
2722:
2718:
2710:
2709:
2705:
2704:
2698:
2695:
2694:
2683:
2678:
2677:
2673:
2672:
2667:
2666:
2662:
2661:
2657:
2656:
2652:
2646:Geinitz, 1882
2644:
2643:
2639:
2638:
2636:Geinitz, 1882
2634:
2633:
2629:
2621:
2620:
2616:
2615:
2611:
2610:
2606:
2598:
2597:
2593:
2592:
2588:
2587:
2586:Gondwanarache
2583:
2575:
2574:
2570:
2569:
2565:
2564:
2560:
2559:
2553:
2550:
2549:
2538:
2533:
2530:Pruvost, 1912
2529:
2523:
2522:
2518:
2517:
2512:
2511:
2507:
2501:
2500:
2496:
2488:
2482:
2478:
2472:
2469:Guthörl, 1938
2468:
2463:
2460:Pruvost, 1930
2459:
2454:
2451:Pruvost, 1912
2450:
2445:
2444:
2440:
2439:
2434:
2433:
2429:
2421:
2415:
2414:
2410:
2409:
2405:
2404:
2403:Aphantomartus
2400:
2394:Størmer, 1970
2392:
2391:
2387:
2386:
2384:Størmer, 1970
2382:
2381:
2377:
2369:
2368:
2364:
2363:
2357:
2354:
2353:
2344:
2343:
2339:
2333:
2332:
2328:
2327:
2323:
2322:
2318:
2317:
2311:
2310:Lissomartidae
2308:
2307:
2298:
2297:
2293:
2287:
2286:
2282:
2276:
2275:
2271:
2270:
2266:
2265:
2264:Trigonotarbus
2261:
2260:
2254:
2251:
2250:
2241:
2240:
2236:
2235:
2231:
2230:
2226:
2218:
2217:
2213:
2212:
2208:
2207:
2203:
2193:
2188:
2185:Pruvost, 1926
2184:
2179:
2178:
2174:
2173:
2168:
2167:
2163:
2155:
2150:
2149:
2145:
2144:
2139:
2138:
2134:
2133:
2129:
2128:
2124:
2123:
2117:
2114:
2113:
2102:
2097:
2096:
2092:
2091:
2086:
2085:
2081:
2080:
2076:
2075:
2071:
2063:
2062:
2058:
2057:
2053:
2052:
2048:
2040:
2039:
2035:
2031:Scudder, 1884
2029:
2028:
2024:
2018:
2017:
2013:
2007:
2006:
2002:
1994:
1989:
1986:Pruvost, 1922
1985:
1980:
1979:
1975:
1974:
1969:
1968:
1964:
1958:
1957:
1953:
1947:
1946:
1942:
1934:
1929:
1928:
1924:
1923:
1918:
1917:
1913:
1907:
1906:
1902:
1896:
1895:
1891:
1885:
1884:
1880:
1872:
1867:
1863:
1858:
1855:Guthörl, 1964
1854:
1849:
1846:Guthörl, 1965
1845:
1840:
1839:
1835:
1834:
1829:
1828:
1824:
1818:
1817:
1813:
1805:
1800:
1796:
1791:
1790:
1786:
1785:
1780:
1779:
1775:
1769:
1768:
1764:
1758:
1753:
1749:
1744:
1740:
1735:
1731:
1726:
1722:
1717:
1713:
1712:Coryphomartus
1708:
1704:
1699:
1695:
1690:
1689:
1685:
1684:
1680:
1679:
1675:
1667:
1661:
1655:
1649:
1648:
1644:
1643:
1637:
1634:
1633:
1626:Størmer, 1970
1624:
1623:
1619:
1618:
1616:Størmer, 1970
1614:
1613:
1612:Archaeomartus
1609:
1608:
1602:
1599:
1598:
1593:
1586:
1585:
1581:
1580:
1576:
1575:
1574:Spinocharinus
1571:
1563:
1562:
1558:
1552:
1551:
1547:
1541:
1540:
1536:
1530:
1529:
1525:
1519:
1518:
1514:
1508:
1507:
1503:
1502:
1498:
1497:
1493:
1485:
1484:
1480:
1479:
1475:
1474:
1470:
1462:
1461:
1457:
1456:
1452:
1451:
1447:
1439:
1438:
1434:
1428:
1427:
1423:
1417:
1416:
1412:
1406:
1405:
1401:
1400:
1396:
1395:
1391:
1383:
1382:
1378:
1377:
1373:
1372:
1368:
1367:
1361:
1358:
1357:
1348:
1347:
1343:
1342:
1338:
1337:
1333:
1332:
1329:
1326:
1325:
1323:
1321:
1314:Included taxa
1313:
1311:
1304:
1302:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1275:
1273:
1268:
1264:
1255:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1236:
1234:
1228:
1221:
1219:
1215:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1188:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1156:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1130:
1128:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1097:
1089:
1082:
1080:
1078:
1077:
1072:
1071:
1066:
1065:
1060:
1059:
1054:
1053:
1048:
1047:
1046:Aphantomartus
1042:
1041:
1036:
1035:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
998:
996:
993:
989:
978:
977:
972:
965:
956:
955:
947:
935:
933:
931:
927:
923:
919:
915:
911:
907:
903:
899:
895:
891:
887:
879:
877:
875:
871:
867:
863:
853:
849:
845:
841:
840:
832:
831:
823:
822:
814:
813:
805:
804:
796:
795:
787:
786:
783:
782:
776:
775:
772:
771:
768:
766:
760:
759:
753:
752:
749:
748:
745:
744:
738:
737:
731:
730:
727:
726:
723:
722:
715:
714:
708:
707:
704:
703:
700:
699:
693:
692:
686:
683:
682:
679:
678:
670:
669:
666:
665:
658:
657:
654:
653:
650:
649:
642:
641:
635:
634:
628:
625:
624:
620:
619:
614:Relationships
613:
611:
609:
608:North America
605:
601:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
555:
547:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
522:
514:
512:
511:Trigonotarbus
506:
499:
497:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
474:
469:
467:
459:
453:
452:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
428:and named it
427:
423:
419:
415:
414:Coalbrookdale
408:
406:
400:
393:
391:
389:
388:coal measures
386:
385:Carboniferous
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
353:North America
350:
346:
342:
338:
335:to the early
334:
330:
326:
322:
319:
307:Matthew, 1895
304:
299:Meridogastra
298:
292:
291:
289:
286:
282:
277:
274:
272:
269:
267:
264:
262:
261:Lissomartidae
259:
257:
254:
252:
249:
247:
244:
242:
239:
238:
236:
231:
226:
225:Petrunkevitch
221:
215:
212:
211:
208:
205:
202:
201:
198:
195:
192:
191:
188:
185:
182:
181:
178:
175:
172:
171:
168:
165:
162:
161:
156:
151:
147:
144:
142:
137:
135:
134:Trigonotarbus
130:
128:
123:
121:
116:
112:
107:
102:
101:Early Permian
98:
97:Late Silurian
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
46:
41:
36:
22:
19:
5492:
5463:
5394:Mesostigmata
5263:
5181:Haplocnemata
5163:(harvestmen)
5154:Stomothecata
5032:
5026:
4993:
4987:
4981:
4969:. Retrieved
4958:
4917:
4913:
4900:
4857:
4853:
4843:
4810:
4809:. Decade 4.
4804:
4797:R. I. Pocock
4791:
4779:. Retrieved
4743:
4737:
4707:
4701:
4681:. Retrieved
4676:
4663:
4630:
4626:
4616:
4586:(2): 69–71.
4583:
4577:
4571:
4530:
4526:
4480:
4474:
4470:
4464:
4431:
4425:
4415:
4380:
4374:
4347:(1): 25–32.
4344:
4338:
4333:Cryptostemma
4332:
4321:
4268:
4264:
4254:
4205:
4201:
4191:
4146:
4142:
4132:
4095:
4091:
4059:
4053:
4043:
4010:
4006:
3946:
3940:
3930:
3916:cite journal
3897:
3891:
3866:
3860:
3838:
3832:
3779:
3773:
3764:
3755:
3754:(in Czech).
3751:
3745:
3736:
3732:
3726:
3717:
3713:
3707:
3698:
3694:
3690:
3684:
3675:
3671:
3667:
3658:
3649:
3645:
3636:
3622:(1): 49–70.
3619:
3615:
3611:
3577:
3571:
3558:
3525:
3519:
3506:
3489:
3480:
3461:
3393:
3389:
3379:
3367:. Retrieved
3350:(1): 34–37.
3347:
3343:
3299:
3290:
3281:
3272:
3263:
3256:nomina dubia
3254:
3239:
3235:Pocock, 1911
3229:
3224:Scharf, 1924
3220:
3216:
3202:
3187:Andrée, 1913
3181:
3177:Andrée, 1913
3171:
3162:
3147:
3139:Tynecotarbus
3137:
3124:
3114:
3101:
3083:
3075:Namurotarbus
3073:
3060:
3050:
3033:Příbyl, 1958
3030:
3021:
3009:(Stur, 1877)
3003:
2997:Příbyl, 1958
2994:
2985:
2968:
2956:
2946:
2933:
2923:
2910:
2901:
2892:
2874:
2864:
2851:
2833:
2823:
2810:
2802:
2795:(Frič, 1901)
2789:
2784:(Frič, 1901)
2778:
2769:
2755:Nyranytarbus
2753:
2740:
2729:
2719:
2700:Karsch, 1882
2681:
2669:(Gill, 1924)
2663:
2653:
2640:
2630:
2617:
2607:
2594:
2584:
2571:
2561:
2536:
2527:
2508:
2497:
2489:Müller, 1957
2486:
2476:
2466:
2457:
2448:
2436:Pocock, 1911
2430:
2407:Pocock, 1911
2401:
2388:
2378:
2340:
2329:
2319:
2313:Dunlop, 1995
2294:
2289:Pocock, 1911
2283:
2272:
2268:Pocock, 1911
2262:
2237:
2227:
2214:
2204:
2191:
2182:
2170:Pocock, 1903
2164:
2153:
2141:Pocock, 1903
2135:
2131:Pocock, 1903
2127:Anthracosiro
2125:
2119:Pocock, 1903
2100:
2082:
2078:Pocock, 1911
2072:
2059:
2049:
2042:Karsch, 1882
2036:
2025:
2014:
2003:
1992:
1983:
1971:Pocock, 1911
1965:
1954:
1943:
1932:
1914:
1903:
1892:
1881:
1870:
1861:
1852:
1843:
1831:Pocock, 1911
1825:
1814:
1803:
1794:
1782:(Frič, 1901)
1776:
1771:(Frič, 1901)
1765:
1756:
1747:
1738:
1729:
1721:Cryptomartus
1720:
1711:
1703:Cleptomartus
1702:
1694:Brachylycosa
1693:
1682:Karsch, 1882
1676:
1620:
1610:
1590:- Devonian,
1582:
1572:
1559:
1548:
1537:
1526:
1515:
1504:
1494:
1481:
1473:Gilboarachne
1471:
1458:
1448:
1435:
1424:
1413:
1402:
1392:
1379:
1371:Aculeatarbus
1369:
1344:
1340:Dunlop, 1999
1336:Palaeotarbus
1334:
1328:plesion taxa
1317:
1308:
1305:Paleobiology
1276:
1259:
1250:
1233:Namurotarbus
1231:
1216:
1200:palpal organ
1195:
1189:
1164:paleognathic
1163:
1157:
1153:compound eye
1134:
1115:) (see also
1102:
1074:
1068:
1062:
1056:
1050:
1044:
1038:
1032:
1002:
992:sister group
985:
974:
952:
925:
893:
883:
859:
779:
763:
741:
718:
696:
662:
647:
645:
599:
583:
567:
551:
539:
518:
509:
481:
471:
463:
449:
429:
411:
403:
360:
320:
315:
295:Karsch, 1882
219:
139:
132:
125:
118:
18:
5517:Wikispecies
5381:Holothyrida
5345:Acariformes
5301:Acaromorpha
5272:Schizomida
5171:(scorpions)
5169:Scorpiones
5131:Palpigradi
5098:Chelicerata
5096:Subphylum:
4627:Arachnology
3949:(1): 1–38.
3564:H. Woodward
3512:H. Woodward
3116:Permotarbus
3024:Frič, 1904
2948:Somaspidion
2866:Pleophrynus
2854:Kušta, 1885
2825:Planomartus
2807:Frič, 1904
2770:Hemiphrynus
2697:Eophrynidae
2632:Kreischeria
2555:Haase, 1890
2539:Simon, 1971
2321:Lissomartus
2229:Vratislavia
1960:Ammon, 1901
1935:Kušta, 1888
1920:Kušta, 1884
1639:Haase, 1890
1604:Haase, 1890
1554:Hirst, 1923
1543:Hirst, 1923
1532:Hirst, 1923
1521:Hirst, 1923
1510:Hirst, 1923
1500:Hirst, 1923
1464:Shear, 2000
1454:Shear, 2000
1363:Hirst, 1923
1299:terrestrial
1222:Opisthosoma
1208:tarsal claw
1176:araneomorph
1172:mygalomorph
1125:opisthosoma
1083:Description
1076:Pleophrynus
1064:Kreischeria
1040:Lissomartus
1013:Eophrynidae
870:opisthosoma
402:Fossils of
373:opisthosoma
276:Eophrynidae
197:Chelicerata
193:Subphylum:
5593:Categories
5313:Ricinulei
5250:Amblypygi
5196:Solifugae
5161:Opiliones
5092:Arthropoda
4967:. BBC News
4710:: 267–273.
4683:2016-03-19
4271:(1): 105.
3942:Cladistics
3758:: 194–208.
3720:: 398–401.
3678:: 238–242.
3652:: 556–561.
3528:(9): 1–4.
3311:References
3195:Areomartus
2988:Frič, 1904
2974:Frič, 1904
2816:Frič, 1904
2804:Petrovicia
2772:Frič, 1901
2613:Frič, 1904
2233:Frič, 1904
2206:Arianrhoda
2194:Gill, 1909
2103:Gill, 1911
2074:Maiocercus
2051:Brachypyge
1887:Frič, 1904
1820:Frič, 1901
1806:Frič, 1904
1797:Frič, 1901
1759:Frič, 1901
1748:Pleomartus
1741:Frič, 1904
1696:Frič, 1904
1592:Bürdenbach
1295:book lungs
1252:Maiocercus
1230:Fossil of
1160:chelicerae
971:ricinuleid
922:book lungs
918:Schizomida
781:Schizomida
598:described
566:described
407:prestvicii
381:arthropods
369:spinnerets
305:Eurymarti
187:Arthropoda
141:Maiocercus
129:prestvicii
122:rhyniensis
5454:Haptopoda
5238:Pedipalpi
5227:(spiders)
5145:Dromopoda
5073:Arachnida
4950:140706387
4942:1477-2019
4874:1744-9561
4835:128408478
4776:131202472
4768:0022-3360
4647:2050-9928
4608:129777833
4555:0031-0239
4505:129447249
4456:140706387
4295:1471-2148
4230:2397-334X
4165:0962-8452
4027:1467-8039
3908:2246/5166
3782:: 13–22.
3666:(1882). "
3642:F. Karsch
3594:129112886
3550:128850722
3420:2193-0074
3364:247708509
3217:Eophrynus
2962:Jux, 1982
2952:Jux, 1982
2925:Pocononia
2721:Eophrynus
1757:Promygale
1283:arachnids
1279:sternites
1235:roessleri
1212:Ricinulei
1192:pedipalps
1168:mesothele
1113:Ricinulei
1070:Eophrynus
988:Ricinulei
910:Amblypygi
890:cladistic
874:Haptopoda
862:Opiliones
848:Ricinulei
743:Amblypygi
721:Haptopoda
664:Ricinulei
521:zoologist
478:Amblypygi
405:Eophrynus
357:Argentina
345:Sakmarian
325:arachnids
233:Families
207:Arachnida
173:Kingdom:
167:Eukaryota
127:Eophrynus
5502:Wikidata
5386:Ixodida
5280:Uropygi
5225:Araneae
5090:Phylum:
5086:Animalia
5084:Kingdom
5018:86908527
4892:18198139
4799:(1903).
4781:July 21,
4655:89428386
4563:83897592
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4329:(1892).
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4238:29403075
4183:27030415
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3973:85410687
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3806:25138764
3566:(1878).
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3369:June 12,
3095:synonyms
3015:synonyms
2979:synonyms
2520:synonyms
2442:synonyms
2412:synonyms
2176:synonyms
1977:synonyms
1837:synonyms
1788:synonyms
1739:Perneria
1730:Oomartus
1687:synonyms
1646:synonyms
1287:scorpion
1267:Tergites
1254:celticus
1196:pediform
1180:venomous
1137:carapace
1109:tergites
973:species
588:Rakovník
513:johnsoni
377:tergites
333:Silurian
285:Synonyms
183:Phylum:
177:Animalia
163:Domain:
143:celticus
136:johnsoni
5563:5308196
5537:4717835
5444:Extinct
5388:(ticks)
4998:Bibcode
4922:Bibcode
4883:2429929
4815:Bibcode
4748:Bibcode
4588:Bibcode
4535:Bibcode
4485:Bibcode
4436:Bibcode
4398:2828000
4331:"Ueber
4304:5399839
4273:Bibcode
4246:4239867
4210:Bibcode
4174:4822468
4115:4232842
3883:6769463
3530:Bibcode
3398:Bibcode
3221:scharfi
2886:synonym
2845:synonym
2764:synonym
2707:synonym
2675:synonym
2563:Anzinia
2380:Alkenia
2366:synonym
2147:synonym
2094:synonym
1926:synonym
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1121:prosoma
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1052:Alkenia
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906:Araneae
902:spiders
866:prosoma
852:Extinct
765:Uropygi
698:Araneae
590:in the
576:Germany
572:Zwickau
554:anthrax
532:Silesia
528:Neurode
490:Belgium
473:Phrynus
434:Coseley
418:England
341:Pridoli
337:Permian
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203:Class:
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438:Dudley
426:beetle
365:spider
349:Europe
329:fossil
327:whose
227:, 1949
5550:12036
5545:IRMNG
5327:Acari
5014:S2CID
4946:S2CID
4910:(PDF)
4831:S2CID
4772:S2CID
4673:(PDF)
4651:S2CID
4604:S2CID
4559:S2CID
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4452:S2CID
4242:S2CID
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3969:S2CID
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3829:(PDF)
3802:JSTOR
3590:S2CID
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3360:S2CID
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586:from
534:(now
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4973:2014
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3416:ISSN
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1190:The
1170:and
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560:coal
494:crab
486:Mons
351:and
316:The
138:and
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5532:EoL
5006:doi
4930:doi
4878:PMC
4862:doi
4823:doi
4756:doi
4635:doi
4596:doi
4543:doi
4493:doi
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