406:
443:
51:
33:
707:
Leal, J.H. (2002). Gastropods. p. 99-147. In: Carpenter, K.E. (ed.). The living marine resources of the
Western Central Atlantic. Volume 1: Introduction, molluscs, crustaceans, hagfishes, sharks, batoid fishes, and chimaeras. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes and American Society
548:
probably attain reproductive maturity at an age of six or seven years and shell length of 200 to 250 mm. In a single spawning event, a female can lay up to 400 egg capsules, each of which can contain 70 offspring. However, spawning events are infrequent and individuals probably only live a few years
626:, used the horse conch to make several types of artifact. The whole shell, or more commonly only the columella, was attached to a wooden handle and used as a hammer or woodworking tool. The body whorl was used as a drinking cup. The columella was also used to make plummets or sinkers.
423:
had a shell 604.8 millimetres (23.81 in) long. However, populations have declined in size in recent years due to overharvesting; the largest individuals observed in various recent surveys have had shells ranging from 341 to 400 millimetres (13.4 to 15.7 in).
1079:
Lyons, William G.; Lee, Harry G. (2018-09-15). "Fasciolaria gigantea Kiener, 1840 (currently
Triplofusus giganteus; Mollusca, Gastropoda, Fasciolariidae): the correct name for the horse conch of the southeastern United States and Mexico".
392:
is the largest species of snail in North
America. It has been hypothesized that female individuals reach larger sizes than males. The animal can retract the soft parts entirely into the shell and close it with the
968:
Baughman, J. L.; Springer, Stewart (1950). "Biological and
Economic Notes on the Sharks of the Gulf of Mexico, with Especial Reference to Those of Texas, and with a Key for their Identification".
1018:
Herbert, Gregory S.; Geiger, Stephen P.; Hesterberg, Stephen G.; Seiden, Nicole; Rogers, Jaime A.; Harke, Ryan M.; Ĺ ala, Martin; West, Kaydee J.; Goddard, Ethan A. (6 April 2022).
465:
This species dwells on sand, weed, and mud flats from the low intertidal to shallow subtidal zones, in 20 foot (6 m) deep water. They are found at depths ranging from 0 to 100 m.
318:
With a shell length that can reach 60 centimetres (24 in), this species is the largest gastropod in United States waters, and one of the largest gastropods in the world.
1427:
1020:"Age and growth of one of the world's largest carnivorous gastropods, the Florida Horse Conch, Triplofusus giganteus (Kiener, 1840), a target of unregulated, intense harvest"
434:
The shell color is bright orange in very young individuals. The shell often becomes greyish white to salmon-orange when adult, with a light tan or dark brown periostracum.
1306:
1319:
1181:
Snyder, Martin Avery; Vermeij, Geerat J; Lyons, William G (2012). "The genera and biogeography of
Fasciolariinae (Gastropoda, Neogastropoda, Fasciolariidae)".
1162:
Rosenberg, Gary; Moretzsohn, Fabio; GarcĂa, Emilio F. (2009). "Gastropoda (Mollusca) of the Gulf of Mexico". In Felder, Darryl L.; Camp, David K. (eds.).
357:
in 1825, but it is impossible to confirm what species this name originally applied to, due to the brevity of the original description and loss of the
1280:
1432:
812:
615:
art, the Horse Conch is shown being utilised in many ways including as paint and ink holders for elite scribes, and also as a bugle or trumpet.
823:. U.S.V.I. Animal Fact Sheet. Vol. 19. U.S.V.I. Department of Planning and Natural Resources Division of Fish and Wildlife. Archived from
1422:
1332:
1171:
1384:
709:
798:
Food of giants – field observations on the diet of Syrinx aruanus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Turbinellidae) the largest living gastropod
522:, which can comprise 20% of its diet. It has been observed (in an aquarium setting) to eat small hermit crabs of the species
354:
1417:
1254:
50:
431:. Its sculpture present several spiral cords and axial ribs, some of which can form knobs on the whorls' shoulders.
1324:
453:
638:
are in decline, and because of the rarity of their spawning events they are vulnerable to population collapse.
600:
1005:
Dietl, Gregory P. (2003). "First report of cannibalism in
Triplofusus giganteus (Gastropoda: Fasciolariidae)".
492:
413:
1412:
796:
405:
1209:
1259:
304:, the spindle snails, tulip snails and their allies. On average, it weighs over 11 pounds (5.0 kg).
1358:
904:
Alevs, Philippe V.; Vieira, Fabiano M.; Santos, Cláudia P.; Scholz, Tomáš; Luque, José L. (2015-02-12).
578:
529:
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155:
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374:
330:
172:
662:
1376:
442:
1150:
1105:
993:
612:
486:
181:
45:
1363:
661:(Kiener, 1840). In: MolluscaBase (2018). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at:
1311:
427:
The outline of the shell is somewhat fusiform, with a long siphonal canal, and having up to 10
1345:
1267:
1167:
1142:
1097:
1067:
1049:
985:
933:
925:
369:
This large sea snail is found along the
Atlantic coast of the Americas from the U.S. state of
1246:
801:. The Marine Flora and Fauna of Dampier, Western Australia. Western Australian Museum, Perth.
1350:
1134:
1089:
1057:
1039:
977:
917:
298:
905:
428:
102:
1130:
1035:
1062:
1019:
603:
in 1969. The shell is popular with shell collectors partly because of its great size.
378:
370:
301:
288:
122:
1117:
Paine, Robert T. (1963). "Trophic relationships of 8 sympatric predatory gastropods".
516:, even when they are readily available, with the exception of pen shells in the genus
1406:
536:, but only seems to occur in individuals that have been deprived of sufficient food.
498:
448:
358:
112:
1109:
32:
1272:
561:
1044:
1371:
1293:
481:
268:
132:
1166:. Vol. 1. Biodiversity. Texas A&M University Press. pp. 579–699.
921:
312:
92:
1232:
1146:
1101:
1053:
989:
929:
863:
861:
906:"A Checklist of the Aspidogastrea (Platyhelminthes: Trematoda) of the World"
675:
291:
284:
280:
62:
1071:
937:
1093:
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623:
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477:
82:
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708:
of
Ichthyologists and Herpetologists Special Publication No. 5. 1600p.
596:
294:
276:
1298:
619:
518:
72:
1203:
1138:
981:
480:, with a diet that consists primarily of large gastropods, such as
504:
441:
404:
308:
663:
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=420051
1337:
1207:
950:
879:
867:
852:
756:
744:
732:
795:
Wells F. E., Walker D. I. & Jones D. S. (eds.) (2003).
768:
779:
777:
618:
In southern
Florida, Native Americans, including the
307:
Although known as a horse conch, this is not a true
1216:
891:
676:"Hermit Crab vs. Conch | World's Deadliest"
397:. The soft parts are bright orange in color.
8:
653:
651:
337:. The species was subsequently assigned to
1428:Taxa named by George Brettingham Sowerby I
1204:
446:A horse conch feeding on the queen conch,
31:
20:
1164:Gulf of Mexico–Origins, Waters, and Biota
1061:
1043:
720:
549:after attaining reproductive maturity.
16:Species of tulip snail - the horse conch
1200:. Dorset: New York. 224 pp. page(s): 91
1082:The Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature
769:Rosenberg, Moretzsohn & GarcĂa 2009
647:
607:Archaeological and anthropological uses
703:
701:
699:
697:
695:
693:
840:
783:
7:
40:In situ, note the orange soft parts
14:
275:, or the giant horse conch, is a
811:Toller, W.; Lewis, K-A. (2003).
349:has also been known by the name
49:
532:has been documented in captive
1433:Molluscs of the Atlantic Ocean
419:The largest known specimen of
1:
345:was proposed for it in 1953.
311:, as it is not in the family
1423:Gastropods described in 1825
1045:10.1371/journal.pone.0265095
892:Baughman & Springer 1950
355:George Brettingham Sowerby I
970:American Midland Naturalist
1449:
1007:Bulletin of Marine Science
454:Dry Tortugas National Park
1198:Encyclopedia of Seashells
922:10.11646/zootaxa.3918.3.2
283:subtropical and tropical
187:
180:
161:
154:
46:Scientific classification
44:
39:
30:
23:
496:), and the queen conch (
493:Sinistrofulgur perversum
490:), the lightning whelk (
414:National Museum (Prague)
333:in 1840, originally as
657:Rosenberg, G. (2018).
560:are commonly eaten by
457:
416:
250:Triplofusus papillosus
1359:Paleobiology Database
1218:Triplofusus giganteus
1094:10.21805/bzn.v75.a041
659:Triplofusus giganteus
574:Triplofusus giganteus
474:Triplofusus giganteus
445:
421:Triplofusus giganteus
410:Triplofusus giganteus
408:
390:Triplofusus giganteus
353:, which was named by
351:Fasciolaria papillosa
327:Triplofusus giganteus
264:Triplofusus giganteus
223:Fasciolaria papillosa
211:Fasciolaria papillosa
199:Fasciolaria papillosa
165:Triplofusus giganteus
25:Triplofusus giganteus
1247:Pleuroploca_gigantea
1196:Rosenberg, G. 1992.
721:Lyons & Lee 2018
525:Clibanarius vittatus
335:Fasciolaria gigantea
331:Louis Charles Kiener
242:Pleuroploca gigantea
191:Fasciolaria gigantea
1131:1963Ecol...44...63P
1036:2022PLoSO..1765095H
951:Herbert et al. 2022
880:Herbert et al. 2022
868:Herbert et al. 2022
853:Herbert et al. 2022
757:Herbert et al. 2022
745:Herbert et al. 2022
733:Herbert et al. 2022
279:of extremely large
273:Florida horse conch
1418:Symbols of Florida
595:The U.S. state of
579:Lophotaspis vallei
576:include trematode
502:) as well as some
487:Fasciolaria tulipa
458:
417:
234:Fasciolaria reevei
1400:
1399:
1346:Open Tree of Life
1210:Taxon identifiers
1173:978-1-60344-094-3
882:, pp. 11–12.
373:to the north, to
341:. The genus name
260:
259:
254:
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238:
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147:T. giganteus
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599:declared it the
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1030:(4): e0265095.
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982:10.2307/2421758
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634:Populations of
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609:
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555:
542:
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403:
387:
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324:
176:
169:
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103:Caenogastropoda
48:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1446:
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1413:Fasciolariidae
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943:
896:
894:, p. 102.
884:
872:
857:
845:
843:, p. 759.
833:
830:on 2011-08-16.
817:Strombus gigas
803:
788:
773:
771:, p. 654.
761:
749:
737:
725:
713:
689:
678:. Nat Geo Wild
667:
646:
645:
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601:state seashell
592:
589:
587:
584:
569:
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541:
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470:
469:Feeding habits
467:
462:
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402:
399:
386:
383:
381:to the south.
379:Gulf of Mexico
371:North Carolina
366:
363:
323:
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302:Fasciolariidae
269:commonly known
258:
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123:Fasciolariidae
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1224:
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1206:
1199:
1195:
1194:
1189:(1–3): 31–70.
1188:
1184:
1179:
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1021:
1016:
1013:(3): 757–761.
1012:
1008:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
987:
983:
979:
975:
971:
966:
965:
960:
953:, p. 13.
952:
947:
944:
939:
935:
931:
927:
923:
919:
916:(3): 339–96.
915:
911:
907:
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897:
893:
888:
885:
881:
876:
873:
869:
864:
862:
858:
855:, p. 11.
854:
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842:
837:
834:
826:
819:
818:
814:
807:
804:
800:
799:
792:
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786:, p. 67.
785:
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778:
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762:
759:, p. 12.
758:
753:
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746:
741:
738:
735:, p. 10.
734:
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698:
696:
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671:
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665:on 2021-07-02
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583:
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575:
572:Parasites of
567:
565:
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559:
552:
550:
547:
539:
537:
535:
531:
527:
526:
521:
520:
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511:
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506:
501:
500:
499:Lobatus gigas
495:
494:
489:
488:
483:
479:
475:
468:
466:
460:
455:
451:
450:
449:Lobatus gigas
444:
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415:
411:
407:
400:
398:
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384:
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380:
376:
372:
364:
362:
360:
359:type specimen
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
329:was named by
328:
321:
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229:Strebel, 1911
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206:Strebel, 1911
204:
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157:
156:Binomial name
153:
149:
148:
143:
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139:
136:
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131:
128:
127:
124:
121:
118:
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113:Neogastropoda
111:
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43:
38:
34:
29:
26:
22:
19:
1217:
1197:
1186:
1182:
1163:
1125:(1): 63–73.
1122:
1118:
1085:
1081:
1027:
1023:
1010:
1006:
973:
969:
946:
913:
909:
899:
887:
875:
870:, p. 2.
848:
836:
825:the original
816:
813:
806:
797:
791:
764:
752:
747:, p. 3.
740:
728:
716:
680:. Retrieved
670:
658:
636:T. giganteus
635:
633:
630:Conservation
617:
610:
594:
591:Modern times
577:
573:
571:
562:tiger sharks
558:T. giganteus
557:
556:
546:T. giganteus
545:
543:
540:Reproduction
534:T. giganteus
533:
523:
517:
512:rarely eats
510:T. giganteus
509:
503:
497:
491:
485:
473:
472:
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368:
365:Distribution
350:
347:T. giganteus
346:
342:
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272:
263:
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249:
245:Kiener, 1840
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194:Kiener, 1840
190:
164:
162:
146:
145:
133:
24:
18:
1372:SeaLifeBase
1294:iNaturalist
961:Works cited
815:Queen Conch
682:February 3,
611:In classic
530:Cannibalism
482:tulip shell
343:Triplofusus
339:Pleuroploca
237:Jonas, 1850
218:Jonas, 1850
134:Triplofusus
1407:Categories
1088:(1): 195.
841:Dietl 2003
784:Paine 1963
642:References
313:Strombidae
99:Subclass:
93:Gastropoda
1147:0012-9658
1102:0007-5167
1054:1932-6203
990:0003-0031
976:(1): 96.
930:1175-5334
586:Human use
568:Parasites
553:Predators
508:species.
456:, Florida
395:operculum
292:gastropod
285:sea snail
281:predatory
141:Species:
69:Kingdom:
63:Eukaryota
1312:11883539
1227:Wikidata
1183:Basteria
1110:91256565
1072:35385498
1024:PLOS ONE
938:25781098
624:Tequesta
514:bivalves
478:predator
322:Taxonomy
203:elongata
182:Synonyms
119:Family:
83:Mollusca
79:Phylum:
73:Animalia
59:Domain:
1286:6505171
1233:Q140046
1155:1933181
1127:Bibcode
1119:Ecology
1063:8985988
1032:Bibcode
998:2421758
910:Zootaxa
597:Florida
544:Female
461:Habitat
438:Ecology
412:at the
385:Anatomy
377:in the
375:Yucatán
297:in the
295:mollusc
277:species
271:as the
226:juvenis
175:, 1840)
129:Genus:
109:Order:
89:Class:
1390:420051
1377:148205
1364:135775
1351:623294
1338:420051
1325:167139
1299:253547
1260:796058
1170:
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1100:
1070:
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1052:
996:
988:
936:
928:
620:Calusa
519:Atrina
429:whorls
299:family
289:marine
215:reevei
173:Kiener
1385:WoRMS
1307:IRMNG
1273:58YMM
1151:JSTOR
1106:S2CID
994:JSTOR
828:(PDF)
821:(PDF)
613:Mayan
505:Murex
476:is a
452:, in
401:Shell
309:conch
253:auct.
1333:OBIS
1320:NCBI
1281:GBIF
1255:BOLD
1168:ISBN
1143:ISSN
1098:ISSN
1068:PMID
1050:ISSN
986:ISSN
934:PMID
926:ISSN
914:3918
684:2024
622:and
287:, a
1268:CoL
1242:ADW
1135:doi
1090:doi
1058:PMC
1040:doi
978:doi
918:doi
710:PDF
213:f.
201:f.
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