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Along the side of the foot are three or more pairs of sensory epipodial tentacles. The head has a short, broad rostrum. The intertentacular lobes are simple or digitated, separate or united across the front, sometimes obsolete. The jaws are developed or absent.
551:
occurs externally by the release of eggs and sperm. Top snail eggs are laid individually or in gelatinous egg masses in the water. Individuals may hatch as free-swimming planktonic larvae or juvenile crawlers with a short swimming stage.
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This family has a worldwide distribution in tropical, temperate and arctic waters. Members of this family are among the most common marine snails along the rocky shores of Europe. Most species in the family live either in the
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is rhipidoglossate. The rhachidian teeth are always present and well-developed. The lateral teeth generally number 5 on each side, sometimes more numerous. The marginal teeth are narrow and very numerous.
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to the long, slender conical forms of typical top shells. The shape may also be subglobose, turbinate or helicoid. Their height may vary between 3 mm and 152 mm. The shell contains only a few
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The length of an adult shell varies between 5 mm and 130 mm. There is also a wide variation in the shape of the shell. This goes from low auriform (ear-shaped) with a wide
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snugly. The operculum is formed of numerous gradually increasing whorls with a central nucleus. The aperture may be entire, tetragonal or rounded and has no reflected
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or in the shallow subtidal zone, but some live in deeper water. They are usually abundant on solid, suitable substrates, like rocky shores and reefs.
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The animal is similar in general form to the
Turbinidae. The top snails are characterized by some primitive traits: a heart with two
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Miocene
Gastropods and Biostratigraphy of the Kern River Area, California; United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 642
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FAO Species
Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes: The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific Volume 1.
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Molecular systematics of the marine gastropod families
Trochidae and Calliostomatidae (Mollusca: Superfamily Trochoidea)
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230:. This family is commonly known as the top-snails because in many species the shell resembles a toy
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The internal shell is nacreous. They have a brown, entirely corneous, circular, multispiral
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has been lost in the course of evolution. The mantle cavity contains a single gill.
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Tryon (1889), Manual of
Conchology XI, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia
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in having a corneous, never calcareous, operculum, which is always multispiral.
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Additionally, the following genera have not yet been placed in any subfamily:
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456:. These have a highly variable exterior, ranging from smooth or glossy to
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609:"WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Trochidae Rafinesque, 1815"
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These shells are often brightly colored and adorned with darker bands.
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Seaweeds, corals, bivalves and gastropods. Rome, FAO, 1998. page 399.
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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Williams S.T., Donald K.M., Spencer H.G. & Nakano T. (2010)
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Species of the family
Trochidae differ from those in the family
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576:, and more rarely by filter-feeding, as observed in the genus
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The family
Trochidae consists of the following subfamilies:
697:
595:. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 54:783-809
475:. The peristome is generally not continuous.
388:S. N. Nielsen, Frassinetti & Bandel, 2004
266:S.-Q. Zhang, J. Zhang & S.-P. Zhang, 2020
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274:Williams, Donald, Spencer & Nakano, 2010
250:Williams, Donald, Spencer & Nakano, 2010
978:Taxa named by Constantine Samuel Rafinesque
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652:Poutiers, J. M. (1998). Gastropods in:
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896:f3cb6102-f34b-4dde-a17e-40d5a74f9702
543:Species of the family Trochidae are
330:H. Adams & A. Adams, 1854 (1840)
560:This family of snails consists of
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399:Gründel, Keupp & Lang, 2017
568:on rocky surfaces, feeding on
497:. They have retained only one
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64:Scientific classification
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973:Trochoidea (superfamily)
521:Distribution and habitat
917:Paleobiology Database
613:www.marinespecies.org
564:, grazing with their
56:Coelotrochus tiaratus
298:B. A. Marshall, 1993
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904:Open Tree of Life
691:Taxon identifiers
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528:intertidal zone
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501:and the second
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467:which fits the
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295:Kaiparathininae
263:Carinotrochinae
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341:Callumbonella
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185:Anisobranchia
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616:. Retrieved
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421:Conrad, 1855
417:Lithotrochus
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356:Nützel, 2012
352:Coeloconulus
350:
345:Thiele, 1924
339:
334:
303:Monodontinae
287:Halistylinae
282:Bandel, 2009
279:Fossarininae
241:
232:spinning top
205:
201:
194:
192:
169:
164:Subfamilies
150:
54:
29:
829:iNaturalist
723:Wikispecies
438:Description
432:Koken, 1896
428:Tylotrochus
395:Falsotectus
384:Fagnastesia
199:common name
962:Categories
618:2022-11-22
586:References
562:herbivores
547:, and the
539:Life cycle
503:osphradium
483:Turbinidae
458:sculptured
327:Umboniinae
314:Gray, 1840
306:Gray, 1857
290:Keen, 1958
258:Gray, 1857
214:sea snails
206:top-shells
202:top-snails
156:Rafinesque
141:Trochoidea
117:Subclass:
111:Gastropoda
35:Trochidae
968:Trochidae
756:Trochidae
743:Trochidae
729:Trochidae
699:Trochidae
545:dioecious
465:operculum
319:Trochinae
247:Alcyninae
221:gastropod
195:Trochidae
170:See text
151:Trochidae
87:Kingdom:
81:Eukaryota
18:Trochinae
714:Q1285916
708:Wikidata
579:Umbonium
574:detritus
469:aperture
449:aperture
406:Guidonia
238:Taxonomy
224:molluscs
208:, are a
177:Synonyms
147:Family:
131:Trochida
101:Mollusca
97:Phylum:
91:Animalia
77:Domain:
566:radulae
534:Ecology
127:Order:
107:Class:
932:499734
929:uBio:
909:717803
893:NZOR:
847:114570
808:1TRCUF
514:radula
499:kidney
454:whorls
218:marine
210:family
158:, 1815
940:WoRMS
922:62601
860:69794
842:IRMNG
834:53830
782:7NLFQ
570:algae
495:atria
443:Shell
362:Enida
51:shell
886:6466
881:NCBI
855:ITIS
821:2856
816:GBIF
803:EPPO
795:2395
764:BOLD
512:The
193:The
945:443
868:NBN
790:EoL
777:CoL
769:472
751:AFD
738:ADW
473:lip
204:or
53:of
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49:A
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
