230:
335:
its fixed installations were perceived as impediments to the expansion of public transport networks. This was because these networks were already facing challenges as a result of the increasing prevalence of private vehicles, coupled with the relatively low fuel cost at the time. Furthermore, the introduction of traffic management plans in response to the growth in road traffic, which included the implementation of one-way streets, led to the costly relocation of fixed installations. By the mid-1960s, trolleybuses had become so robust that they were no longer replaced. The lack of sufficient market demand to sustain
714:
678:
696:
206:
664:
295:
318:
502:. Consequently, it was renamed "Botanique" in 1951 or 1952, without any alteration to its geographical location. At the opposite end, the terminus was located at Stalingrad Square (later renamed Beaujardin Square on April 23, 1965). In approximately 1964, the reconstruction of a railway bridge beneath which the line traversed led to the removal of the contact wires and the southern branch beyond Loiseau-d'Entraigues Square was transferred to bus transportation.
573:, extending towards Saint-Cyr (road widening).In 1964 or 1965, the entire line was replaced by buses. However, the contact wires and their electrical supply remained on Grammont Avenue until the end of the network's operation. This was so that vehicles from other lines could return to the depot located in the southern part of this avenue. This was the former tramway depot rebuilt after World War II. It also housed the network's electrical supply equipment.
439:
598:
117:
29:
427:
310:, installed in 1932 during the tramway era, needed replacement. Of the twenty-two trolleybuses, thirteen could not be adapted for single-operator service due to the absence of a front overhang door. This was despite the TRT's desire to implement this change to reduce labor costs. The staff, however, still demanded the maintenance of two operators, primarily to assist with the frequent detachment of the
241:
resulting in damage to lines and the destruction of the depot. Liquid fuel rationing (gasoline and diesel) remained in effect until 1949. Pneumatic vehicles and electric motors were seen as a viable solution, with the 1941 project serving as the foundation for the subsequent design of the new network, which was considerably less ambitious. On
October 14, 1947, a trolleybus was unveiled to the public at
394:
513:, covering a distance of 8.2 kilometers. The initial configuration of Line B consisted of a brief western branch, measuring 900 meters in length, extending from Sainte-Anne Square to the church of La Riche. Subsequently, the line was extended eastward, reaching the Saint-Pierre-des-Corps stadium in 1955, as soon as repairs to the city, which had sustained 80% destruction from
184:. By 1963, trolleybuses accounted for over 60% of public transport users in Tours. At its peak, the network had at most 22 vehicles. However, the network was rapidly dismantled beginning in 1964 and ceased operations on June 30, 1968. Following this, urban public transport in the Tours metropolitan area was provided solely by buses (until 2013, when a
651:
vehicles to be introduced to the network were those that remained in service for the longest period (VCRs delivered in 1949 and withdrawn in 1967). In May 1964, except for the SW-Cs, which had only traveled between 170,000 and 300,000 kilometers, all other trolleybuses had accumulated between 500,000 and 700,000 kilometers.
281:
The network assigned to trolleybuses consisted of three lines, created in 1949 (B and B1) and 1952 (C). One of them (B1) was extended at both ends in 1955 and 1963. The trolleybus fleet experienced a notable expansion to meet the growing demand, increasing from twelve vehicles in 1952 to twenty-two
264:
On
October 5, 1949, the inaugural ceremony for trolleybus line B took place, marking the completion of work that had commenced the previous May. The route followed much of the former tramway line B's path. Trolleybuses were operated with two crew members: a driver and a conductor stationed near the
334:
This disappearance occurred in a national context that was highly unfavorable to trolleybuses. The circumstances surrounding this event were comparable in scale to the rejection of trams that had occurred twenty years earlier, though for different reasons. In most French cities, the trolleybus and
225:
accelerated the process, resulting in the development of a technical and financial project in 1941 to address the difficulties associated with operating buses and trams. The project aimed to convert 38.5 km of urban and suburban lines, which were then in operation, to trolleybuses. This was due to
524:
in April 1944, were completed. In
September 1963, the line was extended westward to the new Les Sables district. The trolleybus service to Saint-Pierre-des-Corps was terminated in 1964 when the construction of the A10 highway resulted in the line's severance, and a rebuilt bridge was not equipped
330:
for passengers, necessitating a change in mode of transport during their journey. The vehicles were decommissioned one by one, and the last trolleybus ran on June 30, 1968. At this point, only four units remained in service, with buses already handling the majority of runs on the same lines. From
302:
However, by the end of 1963, just months after the final line extension, the prospective viability of the trolleybus system in Tours appeared to be jeopardized. The rapid development of the Tours metropolitan area necessitated an extension and redesign of the public transport networks, as well as
240:
After the conflict, the tramway fleet had only 12 operational motor cars, a number insufficient for the normal operation of the entire network, which required 30 cars. The infrastructure had sustained significant damage. In 1940, the city was split in two by the bridge destruction over the Loire,
650:
At its zenith in 1963 and 1964, the fleet encompassed 22 vehicles from two manufacturers (12 VĂ©tra and 10 Somua) comprising five distinct models. Of these, 17 were purchased new, while the remaining five were acquired secondhand. All the delivered trolleybuses remained in service. The initial
365:
in 1965. This vehicle offered enhanced flexibility, and comfort, and was originally designed for single-operator service. From 1965 to 1973, thirteen urban trolleybus networks were terminated in the provinces. Most of these closures were initiated and executed before the implementation of the
191:
Tours' decision to implement a trolleybus system following the conclusion of World War II and subsequently terminate it two decades later was not an isolated occurrence. A comparable sequence of events transpired in approximately twenty major French cities during a similar time frame.
558:, thus restoring communication between the north and south of Tours. The completion of development work at the end of 1963 resulted in the trolleybus route being limited to two sections. The first was to the south at the Verdun crossroads, situated close to the former
456:
The trolleybus network of Tours comprised three lines, the first two of which could be regarded as branches of a single line with a common trunk. The network was structured around east-west and north-south routes, with all lines intersecting and connecting at
278:, which had operated the Tours tramway network until 1949, served as the managing entity for the newly established public transportation network on behalf of the Syndicate of Transport for the Tours Region (TRT), which was the proprietor of the network.
221:, the manufacturer, offered modern trolleybuses that were, at the time, state-of-the-art. They were quiet, comfortable, and free of vibrations, and their low floor facilitated access. In every way, they outperformed the old electric tram cars. The
525:
with contact wires. Consequently, the trolleybuses ceased operation at
Loiseau-d'Entraigues Square, which provided a loop facility for trolleybuses to turn around. Beyond this point, buses assumed responsibility for the remaining route.
576:
Due to the phased introduction of the network and the subsequent removal of certain sections, the trolleybus network in Tours was only fully operational for a brief period in 1963, with a maximum extension of nearly 21 km of lines.
944:
256:, the tramway was perceived as an anachronism, a symbol of a "bygone era" associated with the war years. It was considered a danger to automobile and bicycle traffic, and its demise was viewed as a positive development.
282:
in 1963. Trolleybus ridership reached its peak in 1963, transporting 5.6 million passengers, out of a total of 9 million for the entire network. Buses were more specifically used for the suburban lines. In the early
875:
411:, images whose license restricts copying or distribution to non-commercial use only, or otherwise non-free images here. Please also consider uploading new free images and transferring images in this category to the
1620:
325:
The three lines underwent partial modification, with traffic in select terminal sectors transferred to bus services. Trolleybuses were introduced to serve only the "central part" of the line. This resulted in a
1241:
1744:
605:
The initial trolleybuses were delivered to Tours in August and
September of 1948, with some of them ordered as early as 1943. They were subsequently put into service in October 1949. The vehicles were eight
252:. The final Tours tram ran on September 14, 1949. (Trams were reintroduced in 2013.) For almost a month, buses provided a replacement service while awaiting the trolleybuses' full operational status. In the
621:, also managed by Electric and Industrial Operations. In December 1952, four additional VĂ©tra VBRh models (71 to 74) were introduced, offering a greater passenger capacity of approximately 80 individuals.
1580:
636:. The last trolleybuses were delivered to Tours in 1962-1963. These were five Somua SW-B (86 to 90) with a capacity of 90 passengers. They were acquired under favorable financial conditions from the
1040:
476:
of 600 V, depending on the sections, the expected traffic, and the topographical constraints. The trolleybuses used the roadways shared with other vehicles, with no lanes reserved for them. The
1701:
610:
models of two similar types, each with a capacity of 60 passengers. They included six VCRs (fleet numbers 61 to 65 and 68) and two CS60s (66 and 67). They were initially intended for the
491:, encompassing a distance of 6.8 kilometers. The initial designation of the western terminus, "Abattoirs" (slaughterhouses), was deemed disparaging, particularly given its proximity to a
331:
this point forward, Tours' public transport was exclusively provided by buses, with 65 in service in 1968. The copper contact wires were quickly dismantled and sold at a good price.
1463:
286:, this mode of transportation was well-developed nationally, with 25 trolleybus networks active in France. The majority of these networks were established between 1942 and 1952.
1770:
1730:
1686:
1646:
1606:
1496:
1267:
1227:
1096:
972:
930:
229:
1070:
1198:
786:
To promote vehicle standardization, a government decree of
November 5, 1942, defined four types (A, B, C, and D) for future trolleybuses based on their size and capacity.
303:
significant roadworks. These limitations, particularly the fixed trolley lines requiring maintenance, were seen as incompatible with the evolving network. The network's
777:
The mentioned value represents the maximum length of the line after possible extensions. However, it does not reflect, from 1964, the length operated by trolleybuses.
407:
images, such as photographs, videos, maps, diagrams, drawings, screenshots, and equations. Please do not list images which are only usable under the doctrine of
588:
1906:
1660:
903:
880:
1896:
477:
803:. The company designed the electrical equipment for trolleybuses, while Somua was responsible for manufacturing the bodies and mechanical parts.
1858:
1796:
1544:
1360:
1050:
713:
677:
161:
The trolleybus network, comprising three lines, commenced operation in early
October 1949. The trolleybus network replaced a portion of the
736:
1901:
654:
None of the sources consulted provide information on the fate of Tours' trolleybuses after their decommissioning, scrapping, or resale.
1877:
1815:
1519:
1403:
543:
and encompassing a distance of 5.9 km. The commercial operation commenced on
December 8, 1952, following the reconstruction of the
226:
the challenges posed by the wartime shortage of liquid fuel and the damage caused to infrastructure and equipment by the conflict.
695:
685:
213:
Due to the obsolescence of its electric tramways, the first of which had been deployed in 1900, Tours began planning a new
800:
345:
1561:
1473:
852:
Beauvais, Jean-Marie; Polombo, Nadine (2014). "Le tramway de Tours: Peut-on comparer celui de 2013 avec celui de 1913".
273:
628:
SW-C models (numbers 81 to 85) were added to the Tours fleet. The 60-seat trolleybuses were initially intended for the
265:
rear door where passengers boarded. Between 1947 and 1952, twelve trolleybus networks were put into service in France.
340:
795:
The acronym SW represents the
Schneider-Westinghouse company, established in 1929 as an equal joint venture between
663:
162:
885:
484:
253:
637:
492:
463:
247:
28:
1452:(in French). Vol. II : L'autoroute. Agence d'urbanisme de l'agglomération de Tours. 2011. p. 20.
468:. The lines were equipped with either four (two traffic lanes) or two contact wires (one lane), supplied with
458:
242:
497:
339:
meant that their technology had not evolved since the 1940s. Furthermore, VĂ©tra, the main manufacturer, went
180:. The trolleybus network underwent a period of gradual expansion and high frequency of service in the early
611:
563:
268:
544:
506:
205:
155:
642:
533:
568:
367:
307:
372:
167:
633:
514:
529:
151:
1338:
Demandes d'autorisation de mise à l'enquête et enquête en vue de la déclaration d'utilité publique
1293:
de
Katelaere, Adélaïde (2012). "Les transports urbains du Mans d'un réseau de tramway à l'autre".
519:
351:
317:
966:
924:
796:
1469:
763:
The global price of copper exhibited an average annual growth rate of 10% between 1945 and 1975.
294:
616:
549:
538:
350:
in 1964. Furthermore, trolleybuses encountered direct competition with the introduction of the
1873:
1854:
1811:
1792:
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1724:
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1090:
1056:
1046:
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857:
412:
1298:
304:
214:
135:
597:
378:
283:
181:
172:, which had been reorganized at the beginning of the 20th century, extensively damaged by
911:(in French). Polytech'Tours. p. 33. Archived from the original on September 6, 2023
438:
116:
1839:
1827:
629:
469:
377:(1966-1970), which sought to revitalize public transportation networks, and before the
1890:
1045:. La recherche urbaine (in French). Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. p. 128.
555:
400:
336:
233:
185:
1436:
Prolongement de la ligne de trolleybus B de La Riche vers la cité H.L.M. des Sables
404:
327:
311:
222:
173:
426:
356:
754:
The population of Tours increased from 107,544 to 128,120 between 1962 and 1968.
1810:. L’histoire par les documents (in French). Saint-Jean-d’Angely: Bordessoules.
953:(in French). October 29, 1957. Archived from the original on September 4, 2023
139:
69:
1450:
Du canal de jonction Ă l'autoroute A 10 - 2 ou 3 choses que nous savons d'eux
1310:
1010:
861:
559:
488:
1667:(in French). 28 November 2020. Archived from the original on August 3, 2023
562:(creation of a crossroads beyond the Cher). The second was to the north on
146:
and three of its neighboring communes. The network extended to the west to
1302:
176:, and out of service since September 14, 1949. Other lines were served by
1837:Émangard, Pierre-Henri (1983b). "Cinquante ans de trolleybus en France".
1825:Émangard, Pierre-Henri (1983a). "Cinquante ans de trolleybus en France".
1381:Équipements publics : pont Mirabeau, circuit municipal du trolleybus
949:
721:
703:
607:
510:
408:
218:
147:
1563:Évolution des transports en commun urbains en Alsace de 1820 à nos jours
1434:
Syndicat des Transports en commun de la région tourangelle (1960–1962).
1379:
Syndicat des Transports en commun de la région tourangelle (1941–1945).
1336:
Syndicat des Transports en commun de la région tourangelle (1945–1951).
1182:
Syndicat des Transports en commun de la région tourangelle (1961–1974).
837:
Syndicat des Transports en commun de la région tourangelle (1941–1945).
1711:(in French). p. 7. Archived from the original on February 16, 2024
1001:
Oesinger, Jean-Claude (2014). "Du tramway souvenir au tramway avenir".
473:
362:
59:
839:
Remplacement des lignes de tramways par des autobus et trolleybus
625:
316:
293:
228:
204:
143:
55:
528:
Line C constituted a north-south transverse line, extending from
480:
occurred only after the lines were effectively put into service.
1569:(in French). Vol. I. Université de Metz. pp. 310–311.
1199:"Évolution des productions et des prix de l'industrie minérale"
647:, which ceased trolleybus operations at the end of March 1962.
381:
in 1973, which rekindled economic interest in electric energy.
217:
network in 1939, which would integrate buses and trolleybuses.
586:
582:
Termini of lines or sections of lines operated by trolleybuses
388:
177:
1749:
Musée des transports urbains, interurbains et ruraux website
1625:
Musée des transports urbains, interurbains et ruraux website
1585:
Musée des transports urbains, interurbains et ruraux website
1246:
Musée des transports urbains, interurbains et ruraux website
905:
Le tramway de Tours ou l'opportunité d'un nouveau patrimoine
1751:(in French). Archived from the original on December 6, 2019
1514:(in French). Saint-Cyr-sur-Loire: Alan Sutton. p. 74.
1512:
Tours reconstruit : des bombardements Ă la renaissance
1477:(in French). Archived from the original on February 4, 2024
1208:(in French). Archived from the original on August 10, 2023
1077:(in French). Archived from the original on October 6, 2015
1791:(in French). Grenoble: Presses et Ă©ditions ferroviaires.
1627:(in French). Archived from the original on August 4, 2023
1248:(in French). Archived from the original on August 6, 2023
1808:
L'Indre-et-Loire – La Touraine, des origines à nos jours
1042:
La politique urbaine dans la région lyonnaise, 1945–1972
1587:(in French). Archived from the original on May 17, 2019
1438:(in French). Archives départementales d'Indre-et-Loire.
1383:(in French). Archives départementales d'Indre-et-Loire.
1340:(in French). Archives départementales d'Indre-et-Loire.
1186:(in French). Archives départementales d'Indre-et-Loire.
841:(in French). Archives départementales d'Indre-et-Loire.
1468:
Notice No. IA00071165, on the open heritage platform,
47:
Syndicat des transports de la région tourangelle (TRT)
1539:. MĂ©moire d'une ville (in French). CMD. p. 101.
1398:(in French). Chambray-lès-Tours: CLD. p. 764.
554:over the Loire and the clearance of war ruins from
96:
88:
83:
75:
65:
51:
43:
38:
21:
1870:Histoire des transports dans les villes de France
1769:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
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1621:"Trolleybus - VĂ©tra VBRh no. 15, 1951, Le Havre"
1605:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
1495:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
1355:(in French). Montreuil-Bellay: CMD. p. 30.
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1709:Association française des amis du chemin de fer
399:This page is part of Knowledge's repository of
1005:(in French) (124, "Le tramway à Tours"): 6–7.
876:"Il y a 40 ans, Tours perdait son pont Wilson"
1242:"Trolleybus - VĂ©tra VBH85 no 1707, 163, Lyon"
601:Makeup of the Tours trolleybus fleet by model
8:
856:(in French) (14, "Le tramway Ă Tours"): 10.
1853:(in French). Tours: Archives municipales.
1423:1939-1944 : le temps des déchirements
1353:À la découverte des noms des rues de Tours
884:(in French). April 9, 2018. Archived from
105:
27:
1323:
1280:
1154:
1109:
824:
658:Models of Trolleybuses Operating in Tours
450:Evolution of the Tours trolleybus network
321:Trends in the length of trolleybus routes
16:Former public transport network in Tours.
1418:
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1023:
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107:
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1166:
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988:
964:
922:
881:La Nouvelle RĂ©publique du Centre-Ouest
269:The Electric and Industrial Operations
18:
1787:Courant, René; Bejui, Pascal (1985).
1396:Dictionnaire des communes de Touraine
1374:
1372:
1177:
1175:
1150:
1148:
1135:
1133:
1028:Renaissance et croissance (1944-1982)
773:
771:
769:
415:so that they may be more widely used.
7:
1071:"Bref historique du réseau Fil bleu"
984:
982:
897:
895:
820:
818:
737:List of trolleybus systems in France
1907:Defunct trolleybus systems by city
14:
1464:"Pont de Pierre, dit Pont Wilson"
1421:, p. 400: Raymond Bailleul,
1026:, p. 407: Raymond Bailleul,
254:aftermath of the Second World War
1700:Cony, Bernard (August 4, 2023).
1197:Bouteloup, RĂ©my (January 2012).
712:
694:
676:
662:
437:
425:
392:
115:
138:network that was operated with
1897:Trolleybus transport in France
945:"Le rationnement de l'essence"
1:
1510:Chevereau, SĂ©bastien (2003).
1124:, p. 389: David Bohbot,
801:Westinghouse Electric Company
478:declaration of public utility
314:, particularly at terminals.
163:former Tours tramway network
1394:Couderc, Jean-Mary (1987).
1351:Gascuel, Geneviève (1999).
1923:
1902:Transport in Tours, France
1872:(in French). Jean Robert.
1851:Tours. MĂ©moires du tramway
1844:(in French) (1879): 41–44.
1832:(in French) (1878): 49–52.
1474:French Ministry of Culture
290:Abrupt reversal of fortune
1849:Porhel, Jean-Luc (2013).
1806:Croubois, Claude (1986).
1745:"Strasbourg - Trolleybus"
1702:"Les trolleybus français"
109:Map of the system in 1952
104:
33:VĂ©tra VBRh in TRT colors.
26:
1560:Bastien, Pierre (2003).
1535:Chédaille, Jean (1998).
1789:Les trolleybus français
1537:Tours : le tramway
1297:(in French) (120): 23.
1126:Le temps de l'expansion
902:Blanco, Noémie (2010).
624:In 1956 and 1958, five
201:Replacement of tramways
132:Tours trolleybus system
22:Tours trolleybus system
1059:on September 21, 2022.
1039:Lojkine, Jean (2017).
602:
530:Saint-Cyr (Charentais)
507:Saint-Pierre (stadium)
322:
299:
298:SAVIEM SC10 (Grenoble)
237:
210:
156:Saint-Pierre-des-Corps
142:in the French city of
1868:Robert, Jean (1974).
1303:10.3917/turb.120.0017
600:
511:La Riche (Les Sables)
320:
297:
234:Rue Nationale (Tours)
232:
215:public transportation
209:Tours tramway in 1910
208:
154:, and to the east to
1581:"Brest - Trolleybus"
670:VĂ©tra CS60 (mock-up)
152:Saint-Cyr-sur-Loire
1295:Transports Urbains
1003:Transports Urbains
854:Transports Urbains
797:Schneider Electric
638:Strasbourg network
603:
459:Jean-Jaurès Square
323:
300:
243:Jean-Jaurès Square
238:
211:
150:, to the north to
134:is a former urban
1860:978-2-9079-3518-0
1798:978-2-9054-4701-2
1546:978-2-909826-84-4
1362:978-2-8447-7024-0
1184:Situation du parc
1052:978-3-1108-1157-5
888:on July 17, 2024.
505:Line B1 ran from
419:
418:
413:Wikimedia Commons
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1283:, pp. 51–52
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1055:. Archived from
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1162:
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66:Transit type
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1591:December 6,
1167:Porhel 2013
1140:Porhel 2013
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1212:August 10,
810:References
489:Stalingrad
368:fifth plan
308:substation
70:Trolleybus
1671:August 3,
1631:August 4,
1311:0397-6521
1252:August 6,
1011:0397-6521
967:cite news
925:cite book
862:0397-6521
560:tollhouse
534:Parc Nord
485:Botanique
188:opened).
84:Operation
1842:magazine
1830:magazine
1765:cite web
1725:cite web
1715:July 17,
1681:cite web
1641:cite web
1601:cite web
1491:cite web
1481:July 17,
1262:cite web
1222:cite web
1091:cite web
957:July 17,
950:Le Monde
915:July 17,
731:See also
722:Mulhouse
704:Grenoble
630:Algerian
493:hospital
409:fair use
341:bankrupt
328:transfer
148:La Riche
39:Overview
1661:"Somua"
474:voltage
361:bus by
236:in 1940
196:History
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363:SAVIEM
60:France
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743:Notes
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626:Somua
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608:VĂ©tra
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305:power
284:1960s
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219:VĂ©tra
182:1960s
178:buses
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144:Tours
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1874:ISBN
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1771:link
1757:2019
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