Truganini - Knowledge (XXG)

967: 643: 384: 866: 809: 33: 786: 838:...14 persons, all adults, aboriginals of Tasmania, who are the sole surviving remnant of ten tribes. Nine of these persons are women and five are men. There are among them four married couples, and four of the men and five of the women are under 45 years of age, but no children have been born to them for years. It is considered difficult to account for this... Besides these 14 persons there is a native woman who is married to a white man, and who has a son, a fine healthy-looking child... 475:. Truganini was nearly bitten was one of these snakes and was also lucky to escape a large shark when diving for crayfish. However, Robinson soon took Truganini and a few other guides off this island to accompany him to Hobart where he had a meeting with the Lieutenant-Governor in early 1831. For his "friendly mission" work, Robinson was rewarded with land grants and hundreds of pounds worth of pay increases. Truganini's reward, in contrast, was a set of cotton dresses. 339: 3909: 942:'s 2020 biography, Truganini's mythical status as the "last of her people" has overshadowed the significant roles she played in Tasmanian and Victorian history during her lifetime. Pybus states that "for nearly seven decades she lived through a psychological and cultural shift more extreme than most human imaginations could conjure; she is a hugely significant figure in Australian history". 1000:, arguing that the sculptures were racist, perpetuated false myths of Aboriginal extinction, and erased the experiences of Tasmania's remaining indigenous populations. Representatives called for the busts to be returned to Tasmania and given to the Aboriginal community, and were ultimately successful in stopping the auction. 935:(1834–1905) outlived Truganini by 30 years and in 1889 was officially recognised as the last Tasmanian Aboriginal person, though there has been speculation that she was actually mixed-race. Smith recorded songs in her native language, the only audio recordings that exist of an indigenous Tasmanian language. 483:

While in Hobart, Robinson successfully negotiated a contract with the colonial authorities for him to lead further expeditions to capture all the remaining Aboriginal Tasmanians and transfer them to confinement in Bass Strait. Robinson firstly took Truganini, the other guides and around 25 Aboriginal

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The two men were charged with murder and Truganini with the two other women were charged with being accessories to the crime. At the trial in Melbourne, the three women including Truganini were exonerated, but Maulboyheenner and Tunnerminnerwait were found guilty. The two men were publicly hanged in

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In March 1836, she and eight others from Wybalenna were chosen as guides for a final expedition led by Robinson's sons to locate a last Indigenous group in north-west Tasmania that had managed to avoid Robinson's previous missions. For sixteen months, this relatively leisurely expedition provided an

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After sending these Tarkiner off to exile at Wybalenna, Robinson left the expedition, placing his sons in charge to find the remnant Tommigener clan located near the Vale of Belvoir. For months, Truganini and the others trudged through heavy winter snow and spring rains but finally located the last

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Robinson became the superintendent at Wybalenna and began a program of Christianising the inmates. He changed their names, made them wear European clothes and attempted to prohibit their practising of Aboriginal culture and language. Illness and mortality rates were high. Although Truganini's name

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Truganini again avoided exile to the Bass Strait Islands by being a guide for Robinson's expedition to capture the remaining Indigenous people of the west coast of Tasmania. Several other guides including Eumarrah and Kikatapula died early in the expedition, but Robinson still managed to apprehend

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However, colonial violence and European diseases rapidly killed off most of the Indigenous people who visited the establishment, including Truganini's father Manganerer. By October 1829, only a handful of Nuenonne and Ninine had survived, and to strengthen his father-like bonds with the survivors,

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Truganini, Robinson initially had some success in attracting Nuenonne and Ninine people to his establishment. He even took Truganini and her cousin Dray to Hobart dressed in fine European dresses to display them to the Lieutenant-Governor as being examples of his ability to "civilise the natives".

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On arriving at Bruny Island, Robinson was immediately impressed by Truganini's intelligence and decided to form a close association with her to facilitate other Nuenonne to come to the Aboriginal station which he established at Missionary Bay on the west side of the island. With the assistance of

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to claim the bounty. Joseph Fossey, the superintendent for the Van Diemen's Land Company, meanwhile took an interest in Truganini and wanted her as an "evening companion". An experienced convict bushman attached to Robinson's expedition named Alexander McKay also began a sexual relationship with

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Oyster Cove had been abandoned as a convict station due to its infertile soil and unhealthy dampness. The buildings had poor ventilation and were in disrepair, and the new Aboriginal detainees sickened as they did at Wybalenna. However, Oyster Cove was also located in Truganini's home Nuenonne

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From February to April, Robinson's group located and captured twenty Tarkiner people on the west coast. This was despite Truganini and Woureddy temporarily refusing to act as guides for Robinson. However, crossing the Arthur River on the return journey, Truganini again saved Robinson's life by

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which forced the clan to surrender. By July they had captured almost all of the remaining west coast people including the Tarkiner tribe led by a man named Wyne who had attempted to kill Robinson the previous year. Truganini was employed by Robinson to push the rafts carrying people across the

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and Pagerly, to guide him to the clans residing in the uncolonised western parts of Van Diemen's Land. Once contacted, Robinson would "conciliate" these clans to accept the British invasion and avoid conflict. Lieutenant-Governor Arthur approved Robinson's plan and employed him to conduct this

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At the time of Truganini's birth, the British had already begun colonising the region around Nuenonne country, severely disrupting the ability of her people to live and practise their traditional culture. The violence directed at the Nuenonne, who were regarded as helpful to the colonists, was

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After a month at large, Powlett managed to surround and ambush the outlaws back at the Powlett River area. Thirty guns fired simultaneously at the Aboriginal Tasmanians only resulted in Maytepueminer receiving a slight graze to the head. Truganini and the others were then taken into custody.

452:, it was a 2,200 man strong chain of armed colonists and soldiers to sweep the settled areas looking to kill or trap any Aboriginal people they found. Robinson, Truganini and the other guides were allowed to continue their mission to the north-east, away from the direction of the Black Line. 793:

Truganini and Robinson's other surviving Aboriginal guides were transported back to Wybalenna on Flinders Island several months later. Her first husband, Woureddy, died on the journey. At Wybalenna, Truganini refused to be bound by the rules and often ran away with the local sealers. The

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In being mythologised as "the last of her people", Truganini became the tragic and triumphal symbol of the conquest of British colonists over an "inferior race". In modern times, Truganini's life has become representative of both the dispossession and destruction that was exacted upon

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The article, headed "Decay of Race", adds that although the survivors enjoyed generally good health and still made hunting trips to the bush during the season, after first asking "leave to go", they were now "fed, housed and clothed at public expense" and "much addicted to drinking".

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and his small remnant clan. They were informed of the failure of the Black Line to capture or kill many Aboriginal people and it was decided by the government to use the nearby Bass Strait Islands as a place of enforced exile for those Indigenous Tasmanians collected by Robinson.

1190:"A royal lady - Trucaminni, or Lallah Rookh, the last Tasmanian aboriginal, has died of paralysis, aged 73. She was Queen Consort to King Billy, who died in March 1871, and had been under the care of Mrs Dandridge, who was allowed £80 annually by the Government for maintenance." 379:

on local Aboriginal language and culture, but also by providing much of the seafood for the group. None of the men in the expedition could swim, so Truganini also did most of the work pushing the other group members on small rafts across the various rivers they encountered.

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people held in various hospitals and jails in Hobart and Launceston, and transported them to Swan Island where the others were still being held. The combined captive population swelled to over 50 and Robinson decided to move the place of exile to a former sealer's camp on

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stations on Bruny Island. A relationship existed between the whalers and Nuenonne females, where flour, sugar and tea were exchanged for sex. Truganini participated in this trade. She also was an exceptional swimmer and provided further food for her people by diving for

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named Yankee and Cook, happened to be walking along the beach looking for provisions. They approached the hide-out of Truganini's group, who mistook them for Watson and his man. Maulboyheenner and Tunnerminnerwait subsequently shot and beat the whalers to death.

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With the completion of the removal of Aborigines from mainland Tasmania, Robinson brought his Indigenous guides to his house in Hobart for a few months of respite. During this period Truganini and Woureddy became celebrities and had their portraits painted by

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country and she was allowed to go on extensive hunting journeys across what was once her people's land. She often used a boat to travel across to Bruny Island to dive for crayfish, hunt for swan eggs or collect small shells to make her distinctive necklaces.

734:. While Watson was away they plundered and set fire to the hut, causing his wife and daughter to flee. When Watson returned, they shot at him wounding him and his servant. The group then hid out in the bush while Watson went to get armed reinforcements. 593:

and suicide within a couple of weeks. This included previously healthy young men, pregnant women and infants. Over 80% of the captured Tarkiner people perished. After shipping off the survivors to Wybalenna, Robinson returned with his guides to Hobart.

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were also found with women kidnapped from both local clans and elsewhere in Tasmania. On meeting Truganini, the kidnapped women cried with joy as Robinson negotiated their release. However, Robinson being informed that the government were offering a £5

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in 1904 where it remained until 1947. Only in April 1976, approaching the centenary of her death, were Truganini's remains finally cremated and scattered according to her wishes. In 2002, some of her hair and skin were found in the collection of the

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In April 1833, Robinson returned to lead another expedition to seize the west coast clans, with Truganini, Woureddy and others again chosen as guides. Robinson captured the remaining Ninine by taking captive the child of a prominent man named

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superintendent forced her into a marriage with Mannapackername, a detainee who was regarded as reliable man, but this did little to modify her rebelliousness, in fact Mannapackername himself became insubordinate under Truganini's influence.

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Gun Carriage Island proved little better than Swan Island and many of the exiled Aborigines started to sicken, with several dying in the first few weeks. Truganini was able to escape this disaster though as Robinson took her, Wurati,

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on Sarah Island, Robinson was abandoned by his other guides. Alone, starving and debilitated by skin and eye infections, Robinson was saved from death by being located by Truganini and Woureddy on their return from the penal colony.

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in which most of her relatives died, avoiding death herself by being assigned as a guide in expeditions organised to capture and forcibly exile all the remaining Indigenous Tasmanians. Truganini was later taken to the

2203: 533:. Truganini and the other Indigenous guides frustrated Robinson by seeming to alert this group of their approach and it wasn't until December that they were seized. This group which included the once-feared warriors 299:. The timber-cutters also brutally murdered and drowned two Nuenonne men, one of which was Truganini's fiancé, by throwing them out of a boat and cutting off their hands with an axe as they tried to clamber back in. 634:. In February 1835, these Tommigener were shipped off to Wybalenna from Launceston, leaving Robinson to claim his rewards for removing almost in entirety the remaining Aboriginal population from mainland Tasmania. 280:

sustained and horrific. Around 1816, a group of British sailors raided the camp of Truganini's family, stabbing her mother to death. In 1826, Truganini's older sisters Lowhenune and Magerleede were abducted by a

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By 1847, many of the exiled Aboriginal Tasmanians at Wybalenna had died including Mannapackername and it was decided to shift the approximately 47 survivors to an abandoned convict settlement at

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Demoralisation though set in for the other inmates and the local British settlers encouraged prostitution and alcoholism to thrive at Oyster Cove. Death followed with detainees such as

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had been formed to replace the internment camp at Gun Carriage Island. The approximately 35 captives were held in terrible conditions at Macquarie Harbour, with around half dying from

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rivers. The water in winter was very cold and Truganini performed this arduous task almost daily for weeks. She had a seizure after a particularly demanding day of ferrying captives.

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Realising that the Aboriginal station at Bruny Island was doomed, Robinson formulated a scheme to use Truganini, Woureddy and a few other captured Aboriginal people such as

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Truganini gained income from selling her traditional woven baskets and by offering her company to townsmen and shepherds. Oral histories claimed that she had a child named

331:, ordered the creation of an Aboriginal ration station on Bruny Island, which in 1829 was placed under the authority of an English builder and evangelical Christian named 529:. They then continued on, looking to take captive the remaining members of the Oyster Bay and Big River tribes who had condensed into a single group taking refuge in the 853:

By 1873, Truganini was the sole Aboriginal Tasmanian survivor at Oyster Cove. The government subsequently sold off the land and buildings, with Truganini being moved to

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She is probably best known for her cylinder recordings of Aboriginal songs, recorded in 1899, which are the only audio recordings of an indigenous Tasmanian language.

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escape for Truganini from the death and misery of Wybalenna. They managed to locate a Tarkiner family group with four children (one of whom would later be known as

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as guides to capture the remaining Aboriginal Tasmanians in the settled districts. They started off in July 1831 with the initial aim of finding the respected

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Kühnast, Antje (2009). ""In the interest of science and the colony". Truganini und die Legende von den aussterbenden Rassen". In Hund, Wulf D. (ed.).

3485: 697:. Robinson quit his role as manager of Wybalenna and took Truganini and sixteen other Aboriginal Tasmanians with him as servants. However, once in 642: 3480: 3399: 3115: 2750: 701:, Robinson was soon not able to keep such a large number of assistants, and Truganini with most of the others were left to fend for themselves. 3945: 946: 1114:

A racehorse named "Truganini" ran in Britain in the early 20th century and another named "Trucanini" started racing aged 2 in the 2012 season.

3108: 2991: 2559: 2448: 2375: 2332: 2165: 2110: 2073: 1123: 399:, the "friendly mission" made brief contacts with Ninine and Lowreenne clans. When Truganini and Woureddy were sent to obtain rations at the 3960: 2479: 898: 561:

In late 1832 and early 1833, Truganini assisted in several mostly unsuccessful expeditions in the west and south-west led by the colonist

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in October 1830 having rescued several Indigenous women from the slavery of the local sealers, and been joined by the respected warrior

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that have come under recent controversy. In 2009, members of the Tasmanian Aboriginal Centre protested an auction of these works by

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Artist Edmund Joel Dicks also created a plaster bust of Truganini, which is in the collection of the National Museum of Australia.

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for every native captured, now sort financial gain from his "friendly mission". He duplicitously used a Pairelehoinner youth named

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was changed to Lalla Rookh, she remained otherwise resistant to the enforced changes, defiantly keeping her cultural practices.

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in South Australia in the late 1870s and "all three outlived Truganini". There were also Tasmanian Aboriginal people living on

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Truganini continued to survive and in the 1860s became involved in a relationship with a younger Tasmanian Aboriginal man,

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regions. The group raided huts along the way, taking food, guns and ammunition. A party under the command of Commissioner

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There is also an account that around 1828 Truganini's uncle was shot by a soldier, and that she was abducted and raped by

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was tasked with apprehending them. Powlett's force consisted of 30 armed and mounted men, including soldiers, colonists,

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to take revenge on a local colonist named William Watson, whom they believed shot dead Maytepueminer's husband Lacklay.

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in Melbourne's outer western suburbs is believed to be named after her, as she had visited the area for a short time.

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also created casts and busts of their profiles. However, in September 1835, they too were taken into exile at the

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the local Tarkiner, Pennemukeer, Pairelehoinner, Peternidic and Peerapper clans in the process. Sealers on nearby

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was probably the daughter of Doog-by-er-um-boroke, a Woiorung woman kidnapped from Port Phillip by sealers (

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Robinson's first choice of island to confine the approximately 20 Aboriginal Tasmanians in his charge was

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The mission left Bruny Island in early 1830 with Truganini playing a very important role not only as an

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where she engaged in armed resistance against the colonists. She herself was then exiled, first to the

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Robinson oversaw the partnering of the young Truganini with an important surviving Nuenonne man named

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swimming out to his raft and towing it to the bank after it was carried away by the swift current.

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to survive British colonisation. Although she was one of the last speakers of the Indigenous

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Colonial-era reports spell her name "Trugernanner" or "Trugernena" (in modern orthography,

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details three full-blood Tasmanian Aboriginal women, Sal, Suke and Betty, who lived on

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and two women called Plorenernoopner and Maytepueminer. The group decided to head to

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By June 1830, the group had reached the north west tip of Van Diemen's Land known as

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to live in the family home of the last superintendent of the Oyster Cove facility.

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Some Aboriginal people were still reported to be residing in the wilderness around

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Friendly Mission, the Tasmanian journals and papers of George Augustus Robinson

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in Victoria. In 1870, the current spelling was first used for Truganini's name.

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region. In September 1832, Truganini saved Robinson by swimming him across the

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what was the first legal execution conducted in Melbourne on 20 January 1842.

498: 449: 368: 273: 2569: 2385:"The Last Wish: Truganini's ashes scattered in the D'Entrecasteaux Channel". 2253:

The Future Eaters: An ecological history of the Australasian lands and people

2120: 3564: 3266: 3251: 3246: 2889: 2694: 2635:. Tasmania's Department of Premier and Cabinet. October 2011. Archived from 2577: 2128: 2065: 1761: 1371: 1148: 1088: 1056: 997: 826: 698: 618:

estate along the Ben Lomond Rivulet. However, Batman, who at this stage had

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Guide for further expeditions to capture the remaining Aboriginal Tasmanians

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and his small clan, whom they captured in late August near the locality of

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until 1948. Her remains were finally cremated and laid to rest in 1976.

2529: 2506:(1898). "Is Mrs. F. C. Smith a 'Last Living Aboriginal of Tasmania'?". 1208: 738: 730:

The group stole some guns and staked out Watson's beachside hut at the

308: 303: 272:). Truganini's mother was probably a Ninine woman from the area around 86:

Truganini, Trucanini, Trucaninny, Trugananner, Lydgugee and Lalla Rookh

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Despite her wishes, within two years, her skeleton was exhumed by the

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Trugernanner, Trugernena, Truganina, Trugannini, Trucanini, Trucaminni

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had appropriated a massive area of land for farmland; displacing and

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Truganini is often incorrectly referred to as the last speaker of a

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In 1841, Truganini abandoned her husband Woureddy, and ran off with

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with John Strugnell at Point Nepean in Victoria, but anthropologist

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through deceitful means most of the remaining tribespeople from the

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Doctor Wooreddy's Prescription for Enduring the Ending of the World

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Doctor Wooreddy's Prescription for Enduring the Ending of the World

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in 1876, her skeleton later being placed on public display at the

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where the settler population was preparing for the climax of the

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Metaphors of Interpretation: Essays in Honour of W.E.H. Stanner

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away from a group of Tarkiner people who intended to kill him.

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Being described as the last "full-blooded" Aboriginal Tasmanian

2228:. Department of Premier and Cabinet (Tasmania). Archived from 2177:"Aborigines demand that British Museum returns Truganini bust" 565:, whom Robinson had delegated authority to while he was away. 2703:

Images of Truganini in State Library of Tasmania collection

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Sketch of Truganini swimming a raft across the Arthur River

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writer Bill Reid, had its premiere at the Union Theatre,

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Last known speakers of an Australian Aboriginal language

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Alienated Bodies: Racism and the desecration of corpses

1425: 1423: 1410: 1408: 1207:). In 1869, the town of Truganini was established near 2344:"Troy Kingi - Album Review: Holy Colony Burning Acres" 1987:, Thursday, 22 October 1908; p. 13; issue 38784; col A 869:

Photograph of Truganini in old age by Henry Hall Baily

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to gather some of the local people, who he shipped to

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She lived through the devastation of invasion and the

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whose country extended from Recherche Bay across the

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and also their determination to survive the colonial

139:, Truganini was not the last Aboriginal Tasmanian. 3887: 3866: 3845: 3824: 3799: 3718: 3683: 3642: 3635: 3594: 3573: 3530: 3494: 3446: 3418: 3345: 3182: 3042: 3001: 2960: 2915: 2906: 2881: 2863: 2787: 2459:"'Racism not art': Anger at Truganini bust auction" 2052:"8. This Most Resolute Lady: A Biographical Puzzle" 1975:, Saturday, 24 April 1886; p. 4; Issue 31742; col E 745:As a result, the five Aboriginal Tasmanians became 98: 90: 82: 63: 45: 23: 2364:Entfremdete Körper: Rassismus als Leichenschändung 873:She died in May 1876 and was buried at the former 1861: 1375:, Thursday, 6 July 1876; p. 6; Issue 28674; col D 850:(known as "King Billy") who died in March 1869. 2395:"Plaster bust of Truganini by Edmund Joel Dicks" 1885: 1849: 1505:Plomley, NJB; Robinson, George Augustus (2008). 1167:List of Indigenous Australian historical figures 984:created a pair of busts depicting Truganini and 630:eight people of this tribe in December near the 372:venture which was named the "friendly mission". 2025:Barkham, P. & Finlayson, A. (31 May 2002). 1822: 1358: 1043:, which won the Best Indigenous Release at the 2509:Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 391:As they made their way up the west coast past 3158: 2758: 1837: 1786: 207:. Truganini was widely known by the nickname 8: 1500: 1498: 2278:. Centre for Tasmanian Historical Studies, 1496: 1494: 1492: 1490: 1488: 1486: 1484: 1482: 1480: 1478: 1107:sailed in the South Seas in 1886, visiting 973:'s 1835 bust of Truganini, commissioned by 685:In 1839, Robinson accepted the position of 3639: 3165: 3151: 3143: 2912: 2765: 2751: 2743: 2419:. Sydney, NSW. 15 February 1842. p. 2 2101:. Canberra: National Centre of Biography, 1459:– via National Library of Australia. 945:Truganini Place in the Canberra suburb of 830:newspaper, quoting a report issued by the 302:By 1828 the British had established three 187:policies that were enforced against them. 31: 20: 3070:List of Indigenous Australian group names 2724:1999. at fotoworkz freelance photographic 2441:Truganini: Journey Through the Apocalypse 2054:. In Barwick, Diane E.; Beckett, Jeremy; 2008: 1443:"Black Chieftainess of Van Diemen's Land" 1399: 1264: 1262: 1260: 892:. It was placed on public display in the 319:Association with George Augustus Robinson 16:Aboriginal Tasmanian woman (c. 1812–1876) 3486:Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Area 1936: 1067:and starring Jan Hamilton as Truganinni. 577:Robinson deposited his prisoners at the 325:Lieutenant-Governor of Van Diemen's Land 284:and eventually sold to other sealers on 3481:South-east Tasmania Important Bird Area 2722:(Essay) The Representation of Trucanini 1909: 1810: 1798: 1709: 1697: 1292: 1290: 1244: 1229: 1186: 1184: 1182: 1178: 1117:Truganini receives explicit mention in 712:later disproved those claims in 1974. 2733:(Radio Feature) Truganini – Bushranger 2542:"Trugernanner (Truganini) (1812–1876)" 2175:Davies, Caroline (16 September 2009). 1996: 1948: 1924: 949:is named in her honour. The suburb of 665:with the other Indigenous Tasmanians. 2153:Field linguistics: a beginner's guide 1897: 1774: 1748: 1736: 1685: 1662: 1650: 1638: 1626: 1614: 1577: 1565: 1553: 1541: 1529: 1469: 1429: 1414: 1384: 1346: 1251: 1124:Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind 901:and returned to Tasmania for burial. 789:Photographs by Alfred Winter, c. 1869 123:(c.1812 – 8 May 1876), also known as 7: 2633:Index of Significant Tasmanian Women 2397:. National Museum of Australia. 1931 2226:Index of Significant Tasmanian Women 2066:Australian National University Press 1960: 1873: 1031:" is the title of a song written by 899:Royal College of Surgeons of England 440:The expedition made its way east to 195:Other spellings of her name include 1130:Truganani is the name of a song by 1039:. It appeared on their 1986 album, 2609:"Tasmanian Aboriginal place names" 2547:Australian Dictionary of Biography 2490:from the original on 29 March 2023 2478:Radeska, Tijana (27 August 2016). 2276:The Companion to Tasmanian History 2098:Australian Dictionary of Biography 1222:Australian Dictionary of Biography 916:The Companion to Tasmanian History 663:Wybalenna Aboriginal Establishment 647:Wybalenna Aboriginal Establishment 587:Wybalenna Aboriginal Establishment 248:Truganini was born around 1812 at 153:Wybalenna Aboriginal Establishment 67:8 May 1876 (aged 63–64) 14: 3951:History of Indigenous Australians 2597:Commonwealth of Australia Gazette 1301:. Crows Nest: Allen & Unwin. 1273:. Crows Nest: Allen & Unwin. 3908: 3907: 2389:. Vol. 3, no. 2. 1976. 638:Wybalenna and a final expedition 363:Guide for the "friendly mission" 173:Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery 3691:Buckland Military Training Area 2027:"Museum returns sacred samples" 1163:, leader and resistance fighter 579:Macquarie Harbour Penal Station 401:Macquarie Harbour Penal Station 2714:Companion to Tasmanian History 2552:Australian National University 2103:Australian National University 1063:on 21 April 1970, directed by 824:dying miserably. According to 1: 3946:19th-century Australian women 3471:Port Cygnet Conservation Area 3461:Hartz Mountains National Park 2728:(Article) Truganini's Funeral 2690:National Library of Australia 1862:Crowley & Thieberger 2007 1594:. Adelaide: Wakefield Press. 3466:Hastings Caves State Reserve 2200:Trucanini, Queen or Traitor? 2158:Oxford University Press, USA 2093:"Briggs, Louisa (1836–1925)" 1850:Barkham & Finlayson 2002 1008:Royal Albert Memorial Museum 545:Expeditions of 1832 and 1833 3961:Indigenous Tasmanian people 3858:Southern Ranges (bioregion) 3808:Tasmania's offshore islands 2613:Tasmanian Aboriginal Centre 1074:" is the name of a song by 1055:, a play about her life by 581:to await transportation to 411:. Here they found that the 3982: 3825:Flora, fauna, and fishlife 2680:The Last of the Tasmanians 2416:The Australasian Chronicle 2342:Kongfooey (23 July 2019). 2297:Hansen, David (May 2010). 1723:The Australasian Chronicle 1326:. Collingwood: Black Inc. 980:In 1835 and 1836, settler 3903: 3627:Westerway railway station 3476:South Bruny National Park 3456:East Risdon State Reserve 3076: 3066: 2697:, People and Organisation 2255:. New York: Grove Press. 1297:Pybus, Cassandra (2024). 1136:Holy Colony Burning Acres 1045:ARIA Music Awards of 1987 890:Royal Society of Tasmania 413:Van Diemen's Land Company 37:Portrait of Truganini by 30: 3617:Sandfly Colliery Tramway 2717:, University of Tasmania 2653:"Truganini (1812?-1876)" 1078:, from their 1993 album 975:George Augustus Robinson 437:Truganini at this time. 333:George Augustus Robinson 3670:Upper Florentine Valley 3555:D'Entrecasteaux Channel 2091:Barwick, Laura (2005). 2064:. Canberra, Australia: 1061:University of Melbourne 938:According to historian 883:D'Entrecasteaux Channel 812:Truganini, seated right 689:in the newly colonised 687:Protector of Aborigines 262:D'Entrecasteaux Channel 3853:South East (bioregion) 3195:List of Hobart suburbs 2540:; Smith, Neil (1976). 2486:. Virginia, Nebraska. 2306:Australian Book Review 2280:University of Tasmania 2222:"Fanny Cochrane Smith" 1269:Ryan, Lyndall (2012). 1134:, from his 2019 album 1081:Earth and Sun and Moon 977: 870: 840: 813: 790: 737:A few days later, two 649: 388: 377:linguistic interpreter 347: 181:Indigenous Australians 3874:Bruny Island language 3696:Cape Bruny Lighthouse 3082:By state or territory 2789:Aboriginal Tasmanians 2687:Truganini (1812–1876) 2443:. Allen & Unwin. 2270:Gough, Julie (2006). 1400:Ryan & Smith 1976 1322:Boyce, James (2008). 969: 868: 836: 811: 788: 691:Port Phillip District 681:Port Phillip District 645: 386: 341: 220:Bruny Island language 149:Port Phillip District 3895:Cygnet Folk Festival 3800:Books and newspapers 3533:inlets and estuaries 2992:"Lhotsky/Blackhouse" 2847:Fanny Cochrane Smith 2699:record for Truganini 2068:. pp. 185–239. 1886:Fanny Cochrane Smith 1590:Cox, Robert (2021). 1271:Tasmanian Aborigines 1029:Truganini's Dreaming 1022:Music and literature 933:Fanny Cochrane Smith 226:was the name of the 167:. Truganini died at 133:Aboriginal Tasmanian 3956:History of Tasmania 3867:Indigenous heritage 3512:Garden Island Creek 3378:Kingborough Council 3373:Huon Valley Council 3173:Southern region of 2908:Tasmanian languages 2327:. London: Vintage. 1999:, pp. 310–311. 1876:, pp. 451–454. 1777:, pp. 262–263. 1751:, pp. 239–258. 1688:, pp. 183–229. 1665:, pp. 170–172. 1653:, pp. 161–168. 1509:. Hobart: Quintus. 1359:TAC place names n.d 1299:A Very Secret Trade 957:Cultural depictions 929:Lady Barron Islands 591:bacterial pneumonia 486:Gun Carriage Island 137:Tasmanian languages 3602:Bruny Island Ferry 3449:parks and reserves 3358:Franklin (federal) 3095:Northern Territory 2897:Cape Grim massacre 2882:Aboriginal history 2707:Alexander, Alison 2639:on 28 October 2009 2321:Harari, Yuval Noah 2299:"Seeing Truganini" 2196:Ellis, Vivienne R. 1838:DPAC Tasmania 2011 978: 911:Tasmanian language 871: 814: 791: 650: 598:Expedition of 1834 507:Woretemoeteryenner 492:Expedition of 1831 389: 348: 218:In the Indigenous 211:, and also called 39:Charles A. Woolley 3923: 3922: 3714: 3713: 3701:South Coast Track 3650:Coal River Valley 3140: 3139: 3130:Western Australia 3062: 3061: 2978:Tyerrernotepanner 2657:Australian Museum 2561:978-0-522-84459-7 2450:978-1-76052-922-2 2377:978-3-8376-1151-9 2334:978-0-099-59008-8 2167:978-0-19-921370-2 2112:978-0-522-84459-7 2075:978-0-08-029875-7 1787:Australian Museum 1641:, pp. 78–84. 1629:, pp. 65–77. 1617:, pp. 53–64. 1580:, pp. 46–49. 1568:, pp. 38–42. 1556:, pp. 26–49. 1544:, pp. 22–23. 1532:, pp. 12–13. 1324:Van Diemen's Land 1220:According to the 1103:A steamer called 759:Frederick Powlett 657:and the sculptor 620:tertiary syphilis 531:Central Highlands 519:Tyerrernotepanner 397:Macquarie Harbour 342:1835 painting by 270:Lunawanna-alonnah 191:Name and spelling 118: 117: 57:Van Diemen's Land 3973: 3911: 3910: 3640: 3574:Coastal features 3447:Protected areas, 3368:Franklin (state) 3167: 3160: 3153: 3144: 3132: 3125: 3118: 3111: 3104: 3097: 3090: 3083: 3055: 3035: 3028: 3021: 3014: 2994: 2987: 2980: 2973: 2953: 2946: 2939: 2932: 2913: 2899: 2892: 2874: 2864:Tasmanian tribes 2856: 2849: 2842: 2835: 2828: 2821: 2814: 2807: 2800: 2767: 2760: 2753: 2744: 2667: 2665: 2663: 2648: 2646: 2644: 2624: 2622: 2620: 2604: 2588: 2586: 2584: 2533: 2504:Roth, Henry Ling 2499: 2497: 2495: 2484:The Vintage News 2474: 2472: 2470: 2465:. 24 August 2009 2454: 2437:Pybus, Cassandra 2432: 2426: 2424: 2406: 2404: 2402: 2390: 2381: 2358: 2356: 2354: 2338: 2316: 2315:on 4 March 2016. 2314: 2308:. Archived from 2303: 2293: 2266: 2249:Flannery, Tim F. 2244: 2239: 2237: 2217: 2191: 2189: 2187: 2171: 2148:Thieberger, Nick 2139: 2137: 2135: 2087: 2043: 2041: 2039: 2012: 2006: 2000: 1994: 1988: 1982: 1976: 1970: 1964: 1958: 1952: 1946: 1940: 1934: 1928: 1922: 1916: 1907: 1901: 1895: 1889: 1883: 1877: 1871: 1865: 1859: 1853: 1847: 1841: 1835: 1829: 1820: 1814: 1808: 1802: 1796: 1790: 1784: 1778: 1772: 1766: 1758: 1752: 1746: 1740: 1734: 1728: 1719: 1713: 1707: 1701: 1695: 1689: 1683: 1666: 1660: 1654: 1648: 1642: 1636: 1630: 1624: 1618: 1612: 1606: 1605: 1587: 1581: 1575: 1569: 1563: 1557: 1551: 1545: 1539: 1533: 1527: 1521: 1520: 1502: 1473: 1472:, pp. 9–18. 1467: 1461: 1460: 1458: 1456: 1448:The World's News 1439: 1433: 1427: 1418: 1412: 1403: 1397: 1388: 1382: 1376: 1368: 1362: 1356: 1350: 1344: 1338: 1337: 1319: 1313: 1312: 1294: 1285: 1284: 1266: 1255: 1249: 1233: 1218: 1212: 1197: 1191: 1188: 1161:Tunnerminnerwait 1109:Papua New Guinea 894:Tasmanian Museum 721:Tunnerminnerwait 563:Anthony Cottrell 511:Tunnerminnerwait 455:They arrived at 430:Tunnerminnerwait 393:Bathurst Harbour 230:Atriplex cinerea 83:Other names 35: 21: 3981: 3980: 3976: 3975: 3974: 3972: 3971: 3970: 3926: 3925: 3924: 3919: 3899: 3883: 3862: 3841: 3820: 3795: 3710: 3679: 3631: 3612:Ida Bay Railway 3607:Channel Highway 3590: 3586:South East Cape 3569: 3532: 3531:Harbours, bays, 3526: 3490: 3448: 3442: 3414: 3353:Clark (federal) 3341: 3178: 3171: 3141: 3136: 3135: 3128: 3121: 3114: 3109:South Australia 3107: 3100: 3093: 3088:New South Wales 3086: 3081: 3072: 3058: 3051: 3038: 3031: 3024: 3017: 3012:Little Swanport 3010: 2997: 2990: 2983: 2976: 2969: 2956: 2949: 2942: 2935: 2928: 2902: 2895: 2888: 2877: 2870: 2859: 2852: 2845: 2840:Michael Mansell 2838: 2831: 2824: 2817: 2810: 2803: 2798:Dolly Dalrymple 2796: 2783: 2771: 2675: 2670: 2661: 2659: 2651: 2642: 2640: 2627: 2618: 2616: 2607: 2591: 2582: 2580: 2562: 2536: 2522:10.2307/2842841 2502: 2493: 2491: 2477: 2468: 2466: 2457: 2451: 2435: 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2289:0-08-029875-3 2285: 2281: 2277: 2273: 2272:"Oyster Cove" 2268: 2264: 2262:0-8021-3943-4 2258: 2254: 2250: 2246: 2243: 2231: 2227: 2223: 2219: 2215: 2213:0-391-02242-3 2209: 2205: 2201: 2197: 2193: 2182: 2178: 2173: 2169: 2163: 2159: 2155: 2154: 2149: 2145: 2141: 2130: 2126: 2122: 2118: 2114: 2108: 2104: 2100: 2099: 2094: 2089: 2085: 2081: 2077: 2071: 2067: 2063: 2062: 2057: 2053: 2049: 2045: 2034: 2033: 2028: 2023: 2022: 2017: 2010: 2005: 2002: 1998: 1993: 1990: 1986: 1981: 1978: 1974: 1969: 1966: 1962: 1957: 1954: 1950: 1945: 1942: 1938: 1937:ABC News 2009 1933: 1930: 1926: 1921: 1918: 1915:, p. 14. 1914: 1912: 1906: 1903: 1900:, p. xv. 1899: 1894: 1891: 1887: 1882: 1879: 1875: 1870: 1867: 1863: 1858: 1855: 1851: 1846: 1843: 1839: 1834: 1831: 1827: 1825: 1819: 1816: 1812: 1807: 1804: 1800: 1795: 1792: 1788: 1783: 1780: 1776: 1771: 1768: 1764: 1763: 1757: 1754: 1750: 1745: 1742: 1738: 1733: 1730: 1726: 1724: 1718: 1715: 1711: 1706: 1703: 1699: 1694: 1691: 1687: 1682: 1680: 1678: 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However, 801:, south of 799:Oyster Cove 781:Oyster Cove 655:Thomas Bock 612:John Batman 501:, Pagerly, 469:Swan Island 344:Thomas Bock 290:New Zealand 238:Lalla Rookh 161:Oyster Cove 125:Lalla Rookh 77:, Australia 3930:Categories 3846:Bioregions 3622:South Line 3550:Cloudy Bay 3545:Barnes Bay 3436:Wellington 3431:Wellington 3385:Buckingham 3346:Governance 3337:Woodbridge 3212:Barnes Bay 3102:Queensland 3068:See also: 2971:Pyemmairre 2930:Tommeginne 2774:Aboriginal 2353:19 January 2084:1011237151 1898:Pybus 2020 1775:Pybus 2020 1749:Pybus 2020 1737:Gough 2006 1686:Pybus 2020 1663:Pybus 2020 1651:Pybus 2020 1639:Pybus 2020 1627:Pybus 2020 1615:Pybus 2020 1578:Pybus 2020 1566:Pybus 2020 1554:Pybus 2020 1542:Pybus 2020 1530:Pybus 2020 1470:Pybus 2020 1430:Pybus 2020 1415:Pybus 2020 1385:Ellis 1981 1347:Pybus 2020 1252:Pybus 2020 1132:Troy Kingi 1052:Truganinni 1041:Human Love 962:Visual art 769:troopers. 751:Bass River 604:Sandy Cape 585:where the 499:Kikatapula 450:Black Line 442:Launceston 434:Launceston 417:massacring 369:Kikatapula 327:, Colonel 311:and other 274:Port Davey 244:Early life 205:Trucaninny 3879:Truganini 3832:Centurion 3791:Satellite 3776:Partridge 3736:Eddystone 3636:Landmarks 3595:Transport 3565:Storm Bay 3419:Mountains 3332:Westerway 3327:Southport 3282:Lunawanna 3277:Kettering 3267:Huonville 3252:Glen Huon 3247:Geeveston 3237:Electrona 2944:Peerapper 2890:Black War 2854:Truganini 2709:Truganini 2695:NLA Trove 2570:1833-7538 2494:18 August 2134:7 October 2121:1833-7538 1985:The Times 1973:The Times 1961:NMoA 1931 1874:Roth 1898 1762:The Times 1372:The Times 1240:Citations 1205:Trukanina 1201:Trukanana 1149:Black War 1105:Truganini 1089:Mudrooroo 1072:Truganini 1057:Melbourne 998:Melbourne 994:Sotheby's 951:Truganina 827:The Times 699:Melbourne 552:Cape Grim 446:Black War 409:Cape Grim 313:shellfish 224:truganina 197:Trukanini 185:genocidal 144:Black War 121:Truganini 25:Truganini 3914:Category 3837:Triarius 3684:Man-made 3405:Pembroke 3312:Ranelagh 3272:Kellevie 3242:Franklin 3175:Tasmania 3123:Victoria 3116:Tasmania 3026:Nuenonne 2985:"Norman" 2917:Northern 2781:Tasmania 2643:21 March 2578:70677943 2488:Archived 2463:ABC News 2439:(2020). 2423:27 March 2323:(2011). 2251:(1994). 2236:21 March 2198:(1981). 2150:(2007). 2129:70677943 2058:(eds.). 2050:(1985). 1143:See also 1016:Tasmania 986:Woureddy 947:Chisholm 925:Flinders 879:Cascades 822:Mathinna 755:Tooradin 695:Victoria 616:Kingston 606:and the 571:Towterer 523:Eumarrah 357:Woureddy 254:Lyleatea 213:Lydgugee 165:Tasmania 129:Lydgugee 103:Woureddy 75:Tasmania 3771:Nuggets 3719:Islands 3643:Natural 3507:Derwent 3317:Sandfly 3292:Margate 3207:Alonnah 3003:Eastern 2921:Western 2619:28 June 2583:24 June 2530:2842841 2325:Sapiens 2204:AIATSIS 2038:11 July 2018:Sources 1911:Gazette 1209:Bendigo 747:outlaws 739:whalers 614:at his 521:leader 309:abalone 304:whaling 99:Spouses 3786:Picnic 3766:Images 3751:Garden 3746:Friars 3726:Boomer 3495:Rivers 3410:Rumney 3400:Nelson 3390:Elwick 3262:Howden 3222:Cygnet 3190:Hobart 2951:Toogee 2872:Toogee 2576: 2568: 2558: 2528: 2447: 2374: 2331: 2286: 2259: 2210: 2164: 2127: 2119: 2109: 2082: 2072: 1598: 1513: 1455:9 June 1330: 1305: 1277: 1012:Exeter 905:Legacy 855:Hobart 803:Hobart 426:bounty 282:sealer 203:, and 169:Hobart 71:Hobart 49:c.1812 3888:Other 3756:Green 3731:Bruny 3426:Hartz 3287:Magra 3257:Grove 3232:Dover 2615:. n.d 2601:Trove 2526:JSTOR 2429:Trove 2366:[ 2313:(PDF) 2302:(PDF) 1173:Notes 861:Death 3761:Hope 3522:Styx 3517:Huon 3502:Arve 3395:Huon 3322:Snug 2664:2015 2645:2012 2621:2022 2585:2013 2574:OCLC 2566:ISSN 2556:ISBN 2496:2023 2471:2015 2445:ISBN 2425:2015 2403:2017 2372:ISBN 2355:2021 2329:ISBN 2284:ISBN 2257:ISBN 2238:2012 2208:ISBN 2188:2015 2162:ISBN 2136:2015 2125:OCLC 2117:ISSN 2107:ISBN 2080:OCLC 2070:ISBN 2040:2006 1913:1978 1826:1976 1725:1842 1596:ISBN 1511:ISBN 1457:2024 1328:ISBN 1303:ISBN 1275:ISBN 927:and 765:and 753:and 537:and 513:and 395:and 127:and 64:Died 46:Born 3741:Egg 2779:in 2711:at 2518:doi 1203:or 1121:'s 1091:'s 1087:In 996:in 988:in 877:at 335:. 264:to 155:on 3932:: 2692:, 2655:. 2631:. 2611:. 2595:. 2572:. 2564:. 2554:. 2544:. 2524:. 2514:27 2512:. 2482:. 2461:. 2413:. 2346:. 2304:. 2282:. 2274:. 2240:. 2224:. 2206:. 2202:. 2179:. 2160:. 2156:. 2146:; 2123:. 2115:. 2105:. 2095:. 2078:. 2029:. 1670:^ 1477:^ 1445:. 1422:^ 1407:^ 1392:^ 1289:^ 1259:^ 1232:). 1224:, 1181:^ 1018:. 1010:, 931:. 805:. 509:, 505:, 488:. 359:. 315:. 292:. 276:. 233:. 222:, 215:. 199:, 73:, 55:, 3166:e 3159:t 3152:v 2919:– 2766:e 2759:t 2752:v 2666:. 2647:. 2623:. 2603:. 2587:. 2532:. 2520:: 2498:. 2473:. 2453:. 2431:. 2405:. 2380:. 2357:. 2337:. 2292:. 2265:. 2216:. 2190:. 2170:. 2138:. 2086:. 2042:. 2011:. 1963:. 1951:. 1939:. 1927:. 1888:. 1864:. 1852:. 1840:. 1828:. 1813:. 1801:. 1789:. 1739:. 1700:. 1604:. 1519:. 1402:. 1361:. 1336:. 1311:. 1283:. 1138:. 1127:. 1111:. 1070:" 1047:. 1027:" 268:( 252:( 236:"

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