1124:
55:
76:
1597:
Carnes J, Anupama A, Balmer O, Jackson A, Lewis M, Brown R, Cestari I, Desquesnes M, Gendrin C, Hertz-Fowler C, Imamura H, Ivens A, Kořený L, Lai DH, MacLeod A, McDermott SM, Merritt C, Monnerat S, Moon W, Myler P, Phan I, Ramasamy G, Sivam D, Lun ZR, Lukeš J, Stuart K, Schnaufer A (2015) Genome and
1409:
Environmental kinetoplastid-like 18S rRNA sequences and phylogenetic relationships among
Trypanosomatidae: Paraphyly of the genus Trypanosoma. Helen Piontkivska and Austin L. Hughes, Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology, November 2005, Volume 144, Issue 1, Pages 94–99,
1138:, by developing in the posterior gut followed by release into the feces and subsequent depositing on the skin of the vertebrate host. The organism then penetrates and can disseminate throughout the body. Insects become infected when taking a blood meal.
1426:
The molecular phylogeny of trypanosomes: evidence for an early divergence of the
Salivaria. Jochen Haag, Colm O'hUigin and Peter Overath, Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology, 1 March 1998, Volume 91, Issue 1, Pages 37–49,
1615:
Cuypers B, Van den Broeck F, Van Reet N, Meehan CJ, Cauchard J, Wilkes JM, Claes F, Goddeeris B, Birhanu H, Dujardin JC, Laukens K, Büscher P, Deborggraeve S (2017) Genome-wide SNP analysis reveals distinct origins of
1266:
Hamilton PB, Stevens JR, Gaunt MW, Gidley J, Gibson WC (2004). "Trypanosomes are monophyletic: evidence from genes for glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase and small subunit ribosomal RNA".
1925:
1483:
Dihydrofolate reductases within the genus
Trypanosoma. J.J. Jaffe, J.J. McCormack Jr and W.E. Gutteridge, Experimental Parasitology, 1969, Volume 25, Pages 311–318,
3848:
1737:
Joshi PP, Chaudhari A, Shegokar VR, et al. (2006). "Treatment and follow-up of the first case of human trypanosomiasis caused by
Trypanosoma evansi in India".
1710:
World Health, Organization (2005). "A new form of human trypanosomiasis in India. Description of the first human case in the world caused by
Trypanosoma evansi".
1826:"Association of Trypanosoma vivax in extracellular sites with central nervous system lesions and changes in cerebrospinal fluid in experimentally infected goats"
3874:
1987:
726:
containing essential genes for the breakdown of sugars that are most closely related to plants. This difference may be used as the target of therapies.
3822:
491:
trypanosomes and a branch containing all non-Salivarian lineages. The latter branch in turn splits into a clade containing bird, reptilian and the
1236:
1464:
Sex and evolution in trypanosomes. Wendy Gibson, International
Journal for Parasitology, 1 May 2001, Volume 31, Issues 5–6, Pages 643–647,
2104:
1131:
Two different types of trypanosomes exist, and their life cycles are different, the salivarian species and the stercorarian species.
3920:
2137:
1217:
495:
trypanosomes infecting mammals, and a clade with a branch of fish trypanosomes and a branch of reptilian or amphibian lineages.
2132:
476:
nested within. The
American and African trypanosomes constitute distinct clades, implying that the major human disease agents
915:
in certain animals including camels (a single case report of human infection in 2005 in India was successfully treated with
2216:
2206:
2189:
722:
around one billion years ago and co-opted some of its genetic material. This has resulted in modern trypanosomes such as
1772:
Bernal XE, Pinto CM (2016), "Sexual differences in prevalence of a new species of trypanosome infecting túngara frogs",
449:
3861:
3747:
1606:
and multiple independent origins for dyskinetoplasty. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 9(1):e3404. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003404
75:
3958:
1069:, a large trypanosome infecting ruminants and transmitted by a variety of vectors including tabanids and mosquitoes
670:
1148:
As trypanosomes progress through their life cycle they undergo a series of morphological changes as is typical of
3879:
1073:
3948:
1213:
688:
961:
613:
550:
2221:
1046:
1010:
847:
824:
773:
457:
378:
700:
3953:
3700:
3614:
2097:
1081:
1065:
1026:
923:
883:
855:
808:
800:
676:
637:
631:
580:
556:
354:
3604:
1018:
974:
867:
619:
3661:
3651:
3548:
2807:
2499:
2489:
2184:
1123:
1034:
982:
694:
682:
345:
3656:
3626:
3350:
3308:
3122:
3095:
2403:
1588:: distribution, biology, treatment and phylogenetic relationship (a review). Vet Parasitol 79(2):95-107
931:
792:
3553:
3345:
3127:
3011:
2792:
2756:
2583:
2494:
408:, is made up of a highly complex series of catenated circles and minicircles and requires a cohort of
377:
Trypanosomes infect a variety of hosts and cause various diseases, including the fatal human diseases
3925:
3889:
3796:
3631:
3563:
3558:
3250:
2925:
2915:
2874:
2869:
2737:
2732:
2703:
2012:
1940:
1781:
1092:
995:
784:
3646:
3594:
3581:
3543:
3538:
3462:
3340:
3335:
3255:
2946:
2905:
1363:
658:
221:
3589:
3496:
3052:
2802:
2782:
2761:
2708:
2435:
2291:
1501:
1244:
1160:
form in the gut of the invertebrate host. Intracellular lifecycle stages are normally found in the
1002:
729:
The relationships between the species have not been worked out to date. It has been suggested that
706:
625:
527:
3406:
3330:
2900:
2895:
2787:
2643:
2541:
2536:
191:
54:
3467:
3457:
3026:
2573:
2296:
2201:
2179:
2167:
2142:
2025:
1687:
1640:
1184:
953:
942:
907:
819:
649:
643:
607:
595:
544:
532:
492:
383:
244:
181:
70:
31:
3765:
3491:
3474:
3452:
3021:
587:
Stercorians are trypanosomes passed to the recipient in the feces of insects from the subfamily
574:
562:
518:
512:
500:
344:(requiring more than one obligatory host to complete life cycle) and most are transmitted via a
211:
201:
171:
3132:
2561:
1824:
Batista JS, Rodrigues CM, García HA, Bezerra FS, Olinda RG, Teixeira MM, Soto-Blanco B (2011).
488:
3897:
3853:
3783:
2588:
2211:
2174:
2162:
2152:
2090:
2017:
1968:
1906:
1857:
1807:
1754:
1719:
1679:
1661:
1526:
1392:
1283:
1178:
1100:
988:
967:
892:
835:
664:
601:
568:
393:
35:
3912:
3738:
2578:
1444:
3902:
3479:
3424:
2831:
2343:
2126:
2007:
1999:
1958:
1948:
1896:
1888:
1847:
1837:
1797:
1789:
1746:
1669:
1653:
1556:
1484:
1465:
1428:
1411:
1384:
1275:
1054:
425:
1145:, and infective organisms are inoculated into the host by the insect bite before it feeds.
161:
3636:
3486:
3416:
3210:
2826:
2335:
1877:"Evidence and importance of genetic exchange among field populations of Trypanosoma cruzi"
127:
117:
530:
is a characteristic shared by the
Salivaria, which has been particularly well-studied in
1944:
1926:"Identification of the meiotic life cycle stage of Trypanosoma brucei in the tsetse fly"
1785:
3621:
3532:
3242:
3197:
3074:
3062:
3031:
2551:
2531:
2456:
2157:
1963:
1901:
1876:
1852:
1825:
1802:
1674:
1635:
1193:
1153:
1149:
1118:
872:
840:
388:
330:
308:
107:
1892:
1469:
1432:
3942:
3429:
3297:
3188:
3105:
2720:
2660:
2511:
2484:
2366:
1488:
1415:
1141:
Salivarian trypanosomes develop in the anterior gut of insects, most importantly the
430:
413:
371:
349:
1691:
1354:
Gruby, D. 1843. Recherches et observations sur une nouvelle espéce d'haematozoaire,
3788:
3752:
3501:
3288:
3001:
2698:
2655:
2650:
2301:
2276:
2029:
1649:
1157:
813:
341:
312:
1924:
Peacock L, Ferris V, Sharma R, Sunter J, Bailey M, Carrington M, Gibson W (2011).
1388:
2003:
1793:
1750:
1279:
3835:
3732:
3517:
3384:
3179:
3117:
2996:
2693:
2676:
2632:
2623:
2281:
1328:. Ed.: Barry S. C. Leadbeater and J. C. Green Taylor and Francis, London, p. 12.
589:
538:
522:, which are passed to the vertebrate recipient in the saliva of the tsetse fly (
506:
405:
367:
231:
144:
2071:
2047:
1657:
1548:
487:
Phylogenetic analyses suggest an ancient split between a branch containing all
3447:
3112:
2685:
2613:
2568:
2377:
1197:
1161:
1142:
719:
453:
326:
319:
97:
3723:
1665:
1301:
3809:
3760:
3394:
3371:
3318:
3278:
3085:
2972:
2965:
2851:
2819:
2524:
2286:
1953:
1842:
936:
876:
778:
484:(cause of African sleeping sickness) are not closely related to each other.
363:
87:
3866:
2021:
1972:
1910:
1861:
1811:
1758:
1723:
1683:
1396:
1375:
Ellis, H. (March 2006). "Sir David Bruce, a pioneer of tropical medicine".
1287:
17:
3775:
1988:"Liaisons dangereuses: sexual recombination among pathogenic trypanosomes"
3717:
3325:
3205:
3165:
2814:
2519:
2326:
2268:
2196:
2113:
1560:
1135:
473:
322:
316:
30:
This article is about the genus. For the humans-specifics pathogens, see
2042:
Bernstein H, Bernstein C, Michod RE (2018). Sex in microbial pathogens.
1636:"Parasitic diseases of camels in Iran (1931–2017) – a literature review"
1220:
that are acquired in the hostile environment of their respective hosts.
3827:
2259:
2238:
1189:
1086:
916:
900:
888:
409:
3840:
2077:
1164:
form. The trypomastigote morphology is unique to species in the genus
1105:
1039:
860:
828:
445:) was named by Gruby in 1843, after parasites in the blood of frogs.
359:
340:(body) because of their corkscrew-like motion. Most trypanosomes are
3694:
2061:
3814:
1122:
1059:
947:
912:
896:
435:
304:
1108:, mainly in West Africa, although it has spread to South America
352:, but there are different mechanisms among the varying species.
27:
3698:
2086:
1200:
host, and meiosis is considered to be an intrinsic part of the
468:
A number of different methods demonstrate that the traditional
3801:
1500:
Prevention, CDC-Centers for
Disease Control and (2 May 2017).
2082:
737:
which lost its maxicircles. It has also been proposed that
362:
species by sexual contact. They are generally found in the
348:. The majority of species are transmitted by blood-feeding
863:
in ruminant livestock, horses and a wide range of wildlife
668:
and a number of bat trypanosomes. The bat species include
1204:
developmental cycle. An adaptive benefit of meiosis for
1134:
Stercorarian trypanosomes infect insects, most often the
2066:
reviewed and published by Wikivet, accessed 08/10/2011.
1042:
in pigs. Its main reservoirs are warthogs and bush pigs
1156:
form in the vertebrate host and the trypomastigote or
1077:, an avian trypanosome with culicine mosquito vector
366:
of their invertebrate host, but normally occupy the
3707:
3574:
3525:
3516:
3440:
3415:
3393:
3369:
3296:
3287:
3276:
3241:
3234:
3227:
3196:
3187:
3178:
3163:
3073:
3042:
2989:
2982:
2957:
2936:
2885:
2859:
2850:
2772:
2746:
2719:
2684:
2675:
2631:
2622:
2611:
2510:
2474:
2467:
2446:
2425:
2418:
2393:
2386:
2375:
2364:
2334:
2325:
2318:
2267:
2258:
2251:
2236:
1337:Valentin, G. 1841. Ueber ein Entozoon im Blute von
404:, as well as of other kinetoplastids, known as the
1324:Leadbeater, B.S.C & McCready, S.M.M. (2000).
498:Salivarians are trypanosomes of the subgenera of
472:genus is not monophyletic, with the biflagellate
756:at two independent occasions in Western Africa.
752:has emerged at least once in Eastern Africa and
1326:The Flagellates. Unity, diversity and evolution
718:The ancestor of modern trypanosomes absorbed a
257:Chalmers 1918 non Pacheco & Rodrigues 1930
2098:
1127:The six main morphologies of trypanosomatids.
428:found flagellates that today are included in
8:
2048:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meegid.2017.10.024
1502:"CDC - Chagas Disease - General Information"
3695:
3522:
3399:
3377:
3366:
3293:
3284:
3238:
3231:
3193:
3184:
3175:
3171:
2986:
2856:
2725:
2681:
2628:
2619:
2471:
2422:
2390:
2383:
2372:
2331:
2322:
2264:
2255:
2248:
2244:
2105:
2091:
2083:
1624:. Genome Biol Evol doi: 10.1093/gbe/evx102
1176:Evidence has been obtained for meiosis in
452:identified the protozoan parasite and the
53:
42:
2013:1983/1ecb5cba-da25-4e93-a3cb-b00a0477cb23
2011:
1962:
1952:
1900:
1851:
1841:
1801:
1673:
1549:"Sleeping sickness bug swallowed a plant"
1360:Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences
1302:"Taxonomy of African Trypanosoma species"
1634:Sazmand, Alireza; Joachim, Anja (2017).
1479:
1477:
1006:, believed to be nonpathogenic to humans
741:should be classified as a subspecies of
1228:
1152:. The life cycle often consists of the
911:, which causes one form of the disease
804:, which infects birds and biting midges
7:
3890:5c6277e4-4f07-487e-b3ed-6f9bb864bfa8
2074:, Trypanosomatid specific ontologies
1377:British Journal of Hospital Medicine
851:, which infects birds and mosquitoes
796:, which infects birds and blackflies
374:environment in the vertebrate host.
325:. Trypanosoma is part of the phylum
1058:, which causes a different form of
788:, extinct (Fossil in Miocene amber)
358:is spread between horses and other
1113:Hosts, life cycle and morphologies
903:, it can be spread through coitus.
25:
2044:Infection, Genetics and Evolution
1893:10.1016/j.actatropica.2015.05.007
1580:Brun R, Hecker H, Lun ZR (1998)
1536:– via The Free Dictionary.
1454:– via The Free Dictionary.
1416:10.1016/j.molbiopara.2005.08.007
698:. Other related species include
400:The mitochondrial genome of the
74:
1875:Messenger LA, Miles MA (2015).
1774:Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl
1602:reveal extensive similarity to
480:(cause of Chagas’ disease) and
329:. The name is derived from the
542:subgenus contains the species
1:
1739:Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg
1470:10.1016/S0020-7519(01)00138-2
1433:10.1016/S0166-6851(97)00185-0
1389:10.12968/hmed.2006.67.3.20624
1182:, and for genetic exchange.
671:Trypanosoma cruzi marinkellei
2004:10.1016/j.resmic.2015.05.005
1933:Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A
1794:10.1016/j.ijppaw.2016.01.005
1751:10.1016/j.trstmh.2005.11.003
1489:10.1016/0014-4894(69)90076-9
1280:10.1016/j.ijpara.2004.08.011
965:, in sheep, transmitted via
311:(class Trypanosomatidae), a
1104:, which causes the disease
65:sp. among red blood cells.
3975:
1116:
176:(Chalmers 1918) Hoare 1964
29:
3402:
3380:
3365:
3174:
2728:
2247:
2120:
2078:Tree of Life: Trypanosoma
1598:phylogenetic analyses of
250:
243:
157:
152:
71:Scientific classification
69:
61:
52:
45:
1658:10.1051/parasite/2017024
1547:Whitfield, John (2003).
875:horses, transmitted via
689:Trypanosoma livingstonei
412:for organisation during
2046:volume 57, pages 8-25.
1954:10.1073/pnas.1019423108
1843:10.1186/1297-9716-42-63
768:include the following:
748:It has been shown that
599:). This group includes
458:African trypanosomiasis
1622:Trypanosoma equiperdum
1128:
848:Trypanosoma culicavium
733:arose from a clone of
355:Trypanosoma equiperdum
236:(Lühe 1906) Hoare 1964
1696:Article Number 21. p.
1356:Trypanosoma sanguinis
1247:on September 29, 2016
1136:triatomid kissing bug
1126:
701:Trypanosoma conorhini
647:contains the species
566:contains the species
315:group of unicellular
3615:Spirotrichonymphidae
3611:Spirotrichonymphida
1712:Wkly. Epidemiol. Rec
1561:10.1038/news030127-3
1237:"WHO - The parasite"
677:Trypanosoma dionisii
3605:Hypotrichomonadidae
3601:Hypotrichomonadida
1945:2011PNAS..108.3671P
1830:Veterinary Research
1786:2016IJPPW...5...40B
1188:is able to undergo
707:Trypanosoma rangeli
528:Antigenic variation
3662:Tritrichomonadidae
3652:Monocercomonadidae
3643:Tritrichomonadida
3549:Spirotrichosomidae
2808:Trypanoplasmatidae
2773:Metakinetoplastina
2753:Prokinetoplastida
2500:Psalteriomonadidae
2490:Paravahlkampfiidae
1618:Trypanosoma evansi
1600:Trypanosoma evansi
1582:Trypanosoma evansi
1129:
1074:T. thomasbancrofti
695:Trypanosoma wauwau
683:Trypanosoma erneyi
596:Triatoma infestans
593:(most importantly
545:Trypanosoma brucei
384:Trypanosoma brucei
32:Trypanosoma brucei
3959:Euglenozoa genera
3936:
3935:
3898:Open Tree of Life
3701:Taxon identifiers
3692:
3691:
3688:
3687:
3684:
3683:
3680:
3679:
3676:
3675:
3672:
3671:
3657:Simplicimonadidae
3627:Honigbergiellidae
3512:
3511:
3430:Carpediemonadidae
3361:
3360:
3351:Streblomastigidae
3309:Paratrimastigidae
3305:Paratrimastigida
3272:
3271:
3268:
3267:
3264:
3263:
3223:
3222:
3219:
3218:
3159:
3158:
3155:
3154:
3151:
3150:
3147:
3146:
3143:
3142:
3123:Euglenamorphaceae
3096:Euglenomonadaceae
3092:Euglenomonadales
2846:
2845:
2842:
2841:
2747:Prokinetoplastina
2671:
2670:
2607:
2606:
2603:
2602:
2599:
2598:
2589:Stephanopogonidae
2457:Neovahlkampfiidae
2453:Neovahlkampfiida
2414:
2413:
2404:Pharyngomonadidae
2400:Pharyngomonadida
2394:Pharyngomonadidea
2360:
2359:
2356:
2355:
2352:
2351:
2314:
2313:
2310:
2309:
1986:Gibson W (2015).
1362:, 17: 1134–1136,
1268:Int. J. Parasitol
989:Perca fluviatilis
986:, in the species
968:Melophagus ovinus
893:covering sickness
825:sleeping sickness
602:Trypanosoma cruzi
394:Trypanosoma cruzi
379:sleeping sickness
296:
295:
290:
282:
274:
266:
258:
237:
227:
217:
207:
197:
187:
177:
167:
148:
36:Trypanosoma cruzi
16:(Redirected from
3966:
3929:
3928:
3916:
3915:
3906:
3905:
3893:
3892:
3883:
3882:
3870:
3869:
3857:
3856:
3844:
3843:
3831:
3830:
3818:
3817:
3805:
3804:
3792:
3791:
3779:
3778:
3769:
3768:
3756:
3755:
3743:
3742:
3741:
3728:
3727:
3726:
3696:
3554:Staurojoeninidae
3523:
3502:Retortamonadidae
3425:Carpediemonadida
3400:
3378:
3367:
3346:Saccinobaculidae
3294:
3285:
3239:
3232:
3194:
3185:
3176:
3172:
3128:Euglenocapsaceae
3012:Heteronemataceae
3008:Heteronematales
2987:
2857:
2832:Trypanosomatidae
2793:Rhynchomonadidae
2757:Ichthyobodonidae
2726:
2682:
2629:
2620:
2584:Percolomonadidae
2495:Plaesiobystridae
2472:
2423:
2391:
2384:
2373:
2344:Tsukubamonadidae
2332:
2323:
2265:
2256:
2249:
2245:
2149:
2129:
2107:
2100:
2093:
2084:
2050:
2040:
2034:
2033:
2015:
1983:
1977:
1976:
1966:
1956:
1930:
1921:
1915:
1914:
1904:
1872:
1866:
1865:
1855:
1845:
1821:
1815:
1814:
1805:
1769:
1763:
1762:
1734:
1728:
1727:
1707:
1701:
1699:
1695:
1677:
1631:
1625:
1613:
1607:
1595:
1589:
1578:
1572:
1571:
1569:
1567:
1544:
1538:
1537:
1535:
1533:
1523:
1517:
1516:
1514:
1512:
1497:
1491:
1481:
1472:
1462:
1456:
1455:
1453:
1451:
1441:
1435:
1424:
1418:
1407:
1401:
1400:
1372:
1366:
1352:
1346:
1335:
1329:
1322:
1316:
1315:
1313:
1312:
1298:
1292:
1291:
1274:(12): 1393–404.
1263:
1257:
1256:
1254:
1252:
1243:. Archived from
1233:
760:Selected species
434:in the blood of
426:Gabriel Valentin
288:
280:
273:Mitrophanow 1883
272:
264:
256:
235:
225:
215:
205:
195:
185:
175:
165:
143:
128:Trypanosomatidae
79:
78:
57:
43:
21:
3974:
3973:
3969:
3968:
3967:
3965:
3964:
3963:
3949:Trypanosomatida
3939:
3938:
3937:
3932:
3924:
3919:
3911:
3909:
3901:
3896:
3888:
3886:
3878:
3873:
3865:
3860:
3852:
3847:
3839:
3834:
3826:
3821:
3813:
3808:
3800:
3795:
3787:
3782:
3774:
3772:
3764:
3759:
3751:
3746:
3737:
3736:
3731:
3722:
3721:
3716:
3703:
3693:
3668:
3637:Trichomonadidae
3632:Tricercomitidae
3586:Cristamonadida
3570:
3564:Trichonymphidae
3559:Teratonymphidae
3508:
3497:Chilomastigidae
3487:Retortamonadida
3436:
3417:Carpediemonadea
3411:
3389:
3374:
3357:
3281:
3260:
3251:Ancyromonadidae
3215:
3211:Malawimonadidae
3168:
3139:
3069:
3038:
2978:
2953:
2932:
2926:Sphenomonadidae
2916:Sphenomonadidae
2881:
2875:Sphenomonadidae
2870:Petalomonadidae
2866:Petalomonadida
2838:
2827:Trypanosomatida
2768:
2742:
2738:Trypanophididae
2733:Bordnamonadidae
2715:
2704:Eupelagonemidae
2667:
2616:
2595:
2569:Percolomonadida
2506:
2463:
2447:Neovahlkampfiea
2442:
2410:
2380:
2369:
2348:
2336:Tsukubamonadida
2306:
2241:
2232:
2231:
2147:
2125:
2116:
2111:
2058:
2053:
2041:
2037:
1985:
1984:
1980:
1928:
1923:
1922:
1918:
1874:
1873:
1869:
1823:
1822:
1818:
1771:
1770:
1766:
1736:
1735:
1731:
1709:
1708:
1704:
1697:
1633:
1632:
1628:
1614:
1610:
1596:
1592:
1579:
1575:
1565:
1563:
1546:
1545:
1541:
1531:
1529:
1525:
1524:
1520:
1510:
1508:
1499:
1498:
1494:
1482:
1475:
1463:
1459:
1449:
1447:
1443:
1442:
1438:
1425:
1421:
1408:
1404:
1374:
1373:
1369:
1353:
1349:
1343:Müller's Archiv
1336:
1332:
1323:
1319:
1310:
1308:
1300:
1299:
1295:
1265:
1264:
1260:
1250:
1248:
1235:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1214:recombinational
1194:salivary glands
1174:
1150:trypanosomatids
1121:
1115:
1038:, which causes
1030:, in amphibians
1022:, in amphibians
1014:, in amphibians
978:, in amphibians
887:, which causes
859:, which causes
839:, which causes
823:, which causes
762:
716:
641:. The subgenus
560:. The subgenus
466:
422:
142:
118:Trypanosomatida
73:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3972:
3970:
3962:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3941:
3940:
3934:
3933:
3931:
3930:
3917:
3907:
3894:
3884:
3871:
3858:
3845:
3832:
3819:
3806:
3793:
3780:
3770:
3757:
3744:
3729:
3713:
3711:
3705:
3704:
3699:
3690:
3689:
3686:
3685:
3682:
3681:
3678:
3677:
3674:
3673:
3670:
3669:
3667:
3666:
3665:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3647:Dientamoebidae
3641:
3640:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3622:Trichomonadida
3619:
3618:
3617:
3609:
3608:
3607:
3599:
3598:
3597:
3595:Devescovinidae
3592:
3584:
3582:Hexamastigidae
3578:
3576:
3572:
3571:
3569:
3568:
3567:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3544:Hoplonymphidae
3541:
3539:Burmanymphidae
3533:Trichonymphida
3529:
3527:
3520:
3514:
3513:
3510:
3509:
3507:
3506:
3505:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3492:Caviomonadidae
3484:
3483:
3482:
3472:
3471:
3470:
3465:
3463:Spironucleidae
3460:
3455:
3444:
3442:
3438:
3437:
3435:
3434:
3433:
3432:
3421:
3419:
3413:
3412:
3410:
3409:
3403:
3397:
3391:
3390:
3388:
3387:
3385:Anaeramoebidae
3381:
3375:
3370:
3363:
3362:
3359:
3358:
3356:
3355:
3354:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3341:Pyrsonymphidae
3338:
3336:Polymastigidae
3333:
3323:
3322:
3321:
3313:
3312:
3311:
3302:
3300:
3291:
3282:
3277:
3274:
3273:
3270:
3269:
3266:
3265:
3262:
3261:
3259:
3258:
3256:Planomonadidae
3253:
3247:
3245:
3243:Ancyromonadida
3236:
3229:
3225:
3224:
3221:
3220:
3217:
3216:
3214:
3213:
3208:
3202:
3200:
3198:Malawimonadida
3191:
3182:
3169:
3164:
3161:
3160:
3157:
3156:
3153:
3152:
3149:
3148:
3145:
3144:
3141:
3140:
3138:
3137:
3136:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3110:
3109:
3108:
3100:
3099:
3098:
3090:
3089:
3088:
3079:
3077:
3075:Euglenophyceae
3071:
3070:
3068:
3067:
3066:
3065:
3063:Peranemataceae
3057:
3056:
3055:
3046:
3044:
3040:
3039:
3037:
3036:
3035:
3034:
3032:Neometanemidae
3029:
3024:
3016:
3015:
3014:
3006:
3005:
3004:
2993:
2991:
2984:
2980:
2979:
2977:
2976:
2969:
2961:
2959:
2955:
2954:
2952:
2951:
2950:
2949:
2947:Entosiphonidae
2943:Entosiphonida
2940:
2938:
2934:
2933:
2931:
2930:
2929:
2928:
2920:
2919:
2918:
2912:Heterostavida
2910:
2909:
2908:
2906:Lentomonadidae
2903:
2898:
2889:
2887:
2883:
2882:
2880:
2879:
2878:
2877:
2872:
2863:
2861:
2854:
2848:
2847:
2844:
2843:
2840:
2839:
2837:
2836:
2835:
2834:
2824:
2823:
2822:
2812:
2811:
2810:
2805:
2797:
2796:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2776:
2774:
2770:
2769:
2767:
2766:
2765:
2764:
2759:
2750:
2748:
2744:
2743:
2741:
2740:
2735:
2729:
2723:
2717:
2716:
2714:
2713:
2712:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2690:
2688:
2679:
2673:
2672:
2669:
2668:
2666:
2665:
2664:
2663:
2658:
2648:
2647:
2646:
2637:
2635:
2626:
2617:
2612:
2609:
2608:
2605:
2604:
2601:
2600:
2597:
2596:
2594:
2593:
2592:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2566:
2565:
2564:
2556:
2555:
2554:
2552:Vahlkampfiidae
2546:
2545:
2544:
2539:
2529:
2528:
2527:
2516:
2514:
2508:
2507:
2505:
2504:
2503:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2478:
2476:
2469:
2465:
2464:
2462:
2461:
2460:
2459:
2450:
2448:
2444:
2443:
2441:
2440:
2439:
2438:
2429:
2427:
2420:
2416:
2415:
2412:
2411:
2409:
2408:
2407:
2406:
2397:
2395:
2388:
2387:Pharyngomonada
2381:
2376:
2370:
2365:
2362:
2361:
2358:
2357:
2354:
2353:
2350:
2349:
2347:
2346:
2340:
2338:
2329:
2320:
2316:
2315:
2312:
2311:
2308:
2307:
2305:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2273:
2271:
2262:
2253:
2242:
2237:
2234:
2233:
2230:
2229:
2228:
2227:
2226:
2225:
2222:Mesomycetozoea
2219:
2214:
2204:
2194:
2193:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2171:
2170:
2158:Diaphoretickes
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2122:
2121:
2118:
2117:
2112:
2110:
2109:
2102:
2095:
2087:
2081:
2080:
2075:
2068:
2067:
2057:
2056:External links
2054:
2052:
2051:
2035:
1992:Res. Microbiol
1978:
1916:
1867:
1816:
1764:
1745:(10): 989–91.
1729:
1702:
1626:
1608:
1590:
1573:
1539:
1518:
1492:
1473:
1457:
1436:
1419:
1402:
1367:
1347:
1330:
1317:
1293:
1258:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1173:
1170:
1154:trypomastigote
1119:Trypanosomatid
1114:
1111:
1110:
1109:
1097:
1089:
1078:
1070:
1062:
1051:
1043:
1031:
1023:
1015:
1007:
999:
992:
979:
971:
962:T. melophagium
958:
950:
939:
928:
920:
904:
880:
873:South American
864:
852:
844:
841:Chagas disease
832:
827:in humans and
816:
805:
797:
789:
781:
761:
758:
715:
712:
659:Schizotrypanum
614:T. melophagium
551:T. rhodesiense
465:
462:
421:
418:
389:Chagas disease
309:kinetoplastids
294:
293:
292:
291:
283:
278:Schizotrypanum
275:
267:
259:
248:
247:
241:
240:
239:
238:
228:
222:Schizotrypanum
218:
208:
198:
188:
178:
168:
155:
154:
150:
149:
135:
131:
130:
125:
121:
120:
115:
111:
110:
105:
101:
100:
95:
91:
90:
85:
81:
80:
67:
66:
59:
58:
50:
49:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3971:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3954:Fish diseases
3952:
3950:
3947:
3946:
3944:
3927:
3922:
3918:
3914:
3908:
3904:
3899:
3895:
3891:
3885:
3881:
3876:
3872:
3868:
3863:
3859:
3855:
3850:
3846:
3842:
3837:
3833:
3829:
3824:
3820:
3816:
3811:
3807:
3803:
3798:
3794:
3790:
3785:
3781:
3777:
3771:
3767:
3762:
3758:
3754:
3749:
3745:
3740:
3734:
3730:
3725:
3719:
3715:
3714:
3712:
3710:
3706:
3702:
3697:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3644:
3642:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3624:
3623:
3620:
3616:
3613:
3612:
3610:
3606:
3603:
3602:
3600:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3590:Calonymphidae
3588:
3587:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3579:
3577:
3575:Trichomonadea
3573:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3536:
3535:
3534:
3531:
3530:
3528:
3526:Trichonymphea
3524:
3521:
3519:
3515:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3489:
3488:
3485:
3481:
3478:
3477:
3476:
3473:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3450:
3449:
3448:Diplomonadida
3446:
3445:
3443:
3439:
3431:
3428:
3427:
3426:
3423:
3422:
3420:
3418:
3414:
3408:
3405:
3404:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3392:
3386:
3383:
3382:
3379:
3376:
3373:
3368:
3364:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3328:
3327:
3324:
3320:
3319:Trimastigidae
3317:
3316:
3315:Trimastigida
3314:
3310:
3307:
3306:
3304:
3303:
3301:
3299:
3298:Anaeromonadea
3295:
3292:
3290:
3286:
3283:
3280:
3275:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3248:
3246:
3244:
3240:
3237:
3233:
3230:
3226:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3203:
3201:
3199:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3189:Malawimonadea
3186:
3183:
3181:
3177:
3173:
3170:
3167:
3162:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3115:
3114:
3111:
3107:
3106:Eutreptiaceae
3104:
3103:
3102:Eutreptiales
3101:
3097:
3094:
3093:
3091:
3087:
3084:
3083:
3081:
3080:
3078:
3076:
3072:
3064:
3061:
3060:
3059:Peranematida
3058:
3054:
3053:Teloproctidae
3051:
3050:
3049:Acroglissida
3048:
3047:
3045:
3041:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3019:
3018:Natomonadida
3017:
3013:
3010:
3009:
3007:
3003:
3000:
2999:
2998:
2995:
2994:
2992:
2988:
2985:
2981:
2975:
2974:
2970:
2968:
2967:
2963:
2962:
2960:
2956:
2948:
2945:
2944:
2942:
2941:
2939:
2935:
2927:
2924:
2923:
2921:
2917:
2914:
2913:
2911:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2893:
2891:
2890:
2888:
2884:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2867:
2865:
2864:
2862:
2860:Petalomonadea
2858:
2855:
2853:
2849:
2833:
2830:
2829:
2828:
2825:
2821:
2818:
2817:
2816:
2813:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2803:Parabodonidae
2801:
2800:
2799:Parabodonida
2798:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2783:Allobodonidae
2781:
2780:
2778:
2777:
2775:
2771:
2763:
2762:Perkinselidae
2760:
2758:
2755:
2754:
2752:
2751:
2749:
2745:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2730:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2721:Kinetoplastea
2718:
2710:
2709:Hemistasiidae
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2696:
2695:
2692:
2691:
2689:
2687:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2674:
2662:
2661:Postgaardidae
2659:
2657:
2654:
2653:
2652:
2649:
2645:
2642:
2641:
2639:
2638:
2636:
2634:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2621:
2618:
2615:
2610:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2571:
2570:
2567:
2563:
2560:
2559:
2557:
2553:
2550:
2549:
2547:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2534:
2533:
2530:
2526:
2523:
2522:
2521:
2518:
2517:
2515:
2513:
2512:Heterolobosea
2509:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2485:Gruberellidae
2483:
2482:
2481:Lyromonadida
2480:
2479:
2477:
2473:
2470:
2466:
2458:
2455:
2454:
2452:
2451:
2449:
2445:
2437:
2436:Selenaionidae
2434:
2433:
2432:Selenaionida
2431:
2430:
2428:
2424:
2421:
2417:
2405:
2402:
2401:
2399:
2398:
2396:
2392:
2389:
2385:
2382:
2379:
2374:
2371:
2368:
2367:Discicristata
2363:
2345:
2342:
2341:
2339:
2337:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2324:
2321:
2319:Tsukubamonada
2317:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2292:Moramonadidae
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2274:
2272:
2270:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2257:
2254:
2250:
2246:
2243:
2240:
2235:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2209:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2199:
2198:
2195:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2185:Stramenopiles
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2169:
2166:
2165:
2164:
2161:
2160:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2148:(major groups
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2128:
2124:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2108:
2103:
2101:
2096:
2094:
2089:
2088:
2085:
2079:
2076:
2073:
2070:
2069:
2065:
2064:
2060:
2059:
2055:
2049:
2045:
2039:
2036:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1998:(6): 459–66.
1997:
1993:
1989:
1982:
1979:
1974:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1939:(9): 3671–6.
1938:
1934:
1927:
1920:
1917:
1912:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1871:
1868:
1863:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1820:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1768:
1765:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1733:
1730:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1706:
1703:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1642:
1637:
1630:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1612:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1594:
1591:
1587:
1586:T. equiperdum
1583:
1577:
1574:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1543:
1540:
1528:
1527:"Stercoraria"
1522:
1519:
1507:
1503:
1496:
1493:
1490:
1486:
1480:
1478:
1474:
1471:
1467:
1461:
1458:
1446:
1440:
1437:
1434:
1430:
1423:
1420:
1417:
1413:
1406:
1403:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1371:
1368:
1364:
1361:
1357:
1351:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1334:
1331:
1327:
1321:
1318:
1307:
1303:
1297:
1294:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1262:
1259:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1232:
1229:
1223:
1221:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1186:
1181:
1180:
1171:
1169:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1146:
1144:
1139:
1137:
1132:
1125:
1120:
1112:
1107:
1103:
1102:
1098:
1095:
1094:
1090:
1088:
1084:
1083:
1079:
1076:
1075:
1071:
1068:
1067:
1063:
1061:
1057:
1056:
1052:
1049:
1048:
1047:T. sinipercae
1044:
1041:
1037:
1036:
1032:
1029:
1028:
1024:
1021:
1020:
1016:
1013:
1012:
1011:T. rotatorium
1008:
1005:
1004:
1000:
998:
997:
993:
991:
990:
985:
984:
980:
977:
976:
972:
970:
969:
964:
963:
959:
956:
955:
951:
949:
945:
944:
940:
938:
934:
933:
929:
926:
925:
921:
918:
914:
910:
909:
905:
902:
898:
894:
890:
886:
885:
884:T. equiperdum
881:
878:
874:
870:
869:
865:
862:
858:
857:
856:T. congolense
853:
850:
849:
845:
842:
838:
837:
833:
830:
826:
822:
821:
817:
815:
811:
810:
806:
803:
802:
798:
795:
794:
790:
787:
786:
782:
780:
776:
775:
774:T. ambystomae
771:
770:
769:
767:
759:
757:
755:
751:
750:T. equiperdum
746:
744:
740:
736:
735:T. equiperdum
732:
727:
725:
721:
713:
711:
709:
708:
703:
702:
697:
696:
691:
690:
685:
684:
679:
678:
673:
672:
667:
666:
661:
660:
656:The subgenus
654:
652:
651:
646:
645:
640:
639:
634:
633:
628:
627:
622:
621:
616:
615:
610:
609:
604:
603:
598:
597:
592:
591:
585:
583:
582:
581:T. congolense
577:
576:
571:
570:
565:
564:
559:
558:
557:T. equiperdum
553:
552:
547:
546:
541:
540:
535:
534:
529:
525:
524:Glossina spp.
521:
520:
515:
514:
509:
508:
503:
502:
496:
494:
490:
485:
483:
479:
475:
471:
463:
461:
459:
455:
451:
446:
444:
439:
437:
433:
432:
431:Trypanoplasma
427:
419:
417:
415:
414:cell division
411:
407:
403:
398:
397:
395:
390:
386:
385:
380:
375:
373:
372:intracellular
369:
365:
361:
357:
356:
351:
350:invertebrates
347:
343:
339:
335:
332:
328:
324:
321:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
301:
287:
284:
279:
276:
271:
268:
265:Chalmers 1918
263:
260:
255:
254:Castellanella
252:
251:
249:
246:
242:
234:
233:
229:
226:(Chagas 1909)
224:
223:
219:
214:
213:
209:
204:
203:
199:
194:
193:
189:
184:
183:
179:
174:
173:
169:
166:Özdikmen 2009
164:
163:
159:
158:
156:
151:
146:
141:
140:
136:
133:
132:
129:
126:
123:
122:
119:
116:
113:
112:
109:
108:Kinetoplastea
106:
103:
102:
99:
96:
93:
92:
89:
86:
83:
82:
77:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
51:
48:
44:
41:
37:
33:
19:
3708:
3407:Kipferliidae
3331:Oxymonadidae
3289:Anaeromonada
3235:Planomonadea
3002:Anisonemidae
2971:
2964:
2937:Entosiphonea
2901:Keelungiidae
2896:Decastavidae
2892:Decastavida
2788:Neobodonidae
2779:Neobodonida
2699:Diplonemidae
2656:Calkinsiidae
2651:Postgaardida
2644:Bihospitidae
2640:Bihospitida
2548:Tetramitida
2542:Naegleriidae
2537:Tulamoebidae
2468:Eutetramitia
2302:Stygiellidae
2277:Andaluciidae
2207:Opisthokonta
2062:
2043:
2038:
1995:
1991:
1981:
1936:
1932:
1919:
1884:
1880:
1870:
1833:
1829:
1819:
1780:(1): 40–47,
1777:
1773:
1767:
1742:
1738:
1732:
1715:
1711:
1705:
1650:EDP Sciences
1645:
1639:
1629:
1621:
1617:
1611:
1603:
1599:
1593:
1585:
1581:
1576:
1564:. Retrieved
1552:
1542:
1530:. Retrieved
1521:
1509:. Retrieved
1505:
1495:
1460:
1448:. Retrieved
1445:"salivarian"
1439:
1422:
1405:
1380:
1376:
1370:
1359:
1355:
1350:
1342:
1338:
1333:
1325:
1320:
1309:. Retrieved
1305:
1296:
1271:
1267:
1261:
1249:. Retrieved
1245:the original
1240:
1231:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1183:
1177:
1175:
1165:
1158:promastigote
1147:
1140:
1133:
1130:
1099:
1091:
1085:, in marine
1080:
1072:
1064:
1053:
1045:
1033:
1025:
1017:
1009:
1001:
994:
987:
981:
973:
966:
960:
952:
941:
930:
922:
906:
882:
866:
854:
846:
834:
818:
814:elasmobranch
807:
799:
791:
783:
772:
765:
763:
753:
749:
747:
742:
738:
734:
730:
728:
723:
717:
705:
699:
693:
687:
681:
675:
669:
663:
657:
655:
648:
642:
636:
630:
624:
618:
612:
606:
600:
594:
588:
586:
579:
573:
567:
561:
555:
549:
543:
537:
531:
523:
517:
511:
505:
499:
497:
493:Stercorarian
486:
481:
477:
469:
467:
447:
443:T. sanguinis
442:
441:The genus (
440:
429:
423:
401:
399:
392:
391:, caused by
382:
381:, caused by
376:
353:
342:heteroxenous
337:
336:(borer) and
333:
313:monophyletic
299:
298:
297:
285:
277:
270:Haematomonas
269:
261:
253:
230:
220:
210:
200:
192:Megatrypanum
190:
186:Doflein 1901
180:
170:
160:
138:
137:
62:
46:
40:
3836:iNaturalist
3753:Trypanosoma
3739:Trypanosoma
3733:Wikispecies
3709:Trypanosoma
3518:Parabasalia
3480:Dysnectidae
3468:Hexamitidae
3458:Octomitidae
3441:Eopharyngia
3326:Oxymonadida
3228:Planomonada
3118:Euglenaceae
3027:Distigmidae
2997:Anisonemida
2922:Ploeotiida
2694:Diplonemida
2677:Glycomonada
2633:Postgaardea
2624:Postgaardia
2574:Barbeliidae
2532:Naegleriida
2475:Lyromonadea
2297:Ophirinidae
2282:Histionidae
2063:Trypanosoma
1836:(63): 1–7.
1718:(7): 62–3.
1506:www.cdc.gov
1339:Salmo fario
1218:DNA damages
1212:may be the
1192:within the
1166:Trypanosoma
1093:T. tungarae
1066:T. theileri
1050:, in fishes
1027:T. sergenti
996:T. phedinae
924:T. everetti
809:T. boissoni
801:T. bennetti
785:T. antiquus
766:Trypanosoma
764:Species of
644:Herpetosoma
638:T. theodori
632:T. theileri
590:Triatominae
539:Trypanozoon
507:Trypanozoon
470:Trypanosoma
450:David Bruce
406:kinetoplast
402:Trypanosoma
368:bloodstream
300:Trypanosoma
286:Trypanozoon
281:Chagas 1909
232:Trypanozoon
182:Herpetosoma
139:Trypanosoma
63:Trypanosoma
47:Trypanosoma
18:Trypanozoon
3943:Categories
3475:Dysnectida
3453:Giardiidae
3279:Metamonada
3113:Euglenales
3022:Astasiidae
2990:Anisonemea
2686:Diplonemea
2614:Euglenozoa
2419:Tetramitia
2378:Percolozoa
2072:Trykipedia
1383:(3): 158.
1311:2019-03-28
1224:References
1216:repair of
1198:tsetse fly
1162:amastigote
1143:Tsetse fly
1117:See also:
1096:, in frogs
1082:T. triglae
1019:T. rugosae
1003:T. rangeli
975:T. parroti
937:amphibians
927:, in birds
899:and other
868:T. equinum
779:amphibians
720:green alga
626:T. rangeli
620:T. nabiasi
575:Nannomonas
563:Duttonella
519:Nannomonas
513:Pycnomonas
501:Duttonella
489:Salivarian
456:vector of
454:tsetse fly
327:Euglenozoa
320:flagellate
262:Duttonella
216:Hoare 1964
212:Pycnomonas
206:Hoare 1964
202:Nannomonas
196:Hoare 1964
172:Duttonella
153:Subgenera
98:Euglenozoa
3761:AlgaeBase
3395:Fornicata
3372:Trichozoa
3133:Phacaceae
3086:Rapazidae
3082:Rapazida
3043:Peranemea
2983:Spirocuta
2852:Euglenida
2820:Bodonidae
2562:Creneidae
2558:Creneida
2525:Acrasidae
2287:Jakobidae
2202:Amoebozoa
2180:Alveolata
2168:Cryptista
2143:Eukaryota
1887:: 150–5.
1881:Acta Trop
1666:1776-1042
1604:T. brucei
1566:4 October
1345:, p. 435.
1210:T. brucei
1206:T. crucei
1202:T. brucei
1185:T. brucei
1035:T. simiae
983:T. percae
957:, in rats
954:T. lewisi
943:T. irwini
908:T. evansi
877:Tabanidae
843:in humans
831:in cattle
820:T. brucei
754:T. evansi
743:T. brucei
739:T. evansi
731:T. evansi
724:T. brucei
714:Evolution
662:contains
650:T. lewisi
608:T. lewisi
578:contains
533:T. brucei
482:T. brucei
448:In 1903,
424:In 1841,
364:intestine
317:parasitic
289:Lühe 1906
88:Eukaryota
3773:BioLib:
3718:Wikidata
3206:Imasidae
3180:Neolouka
3166:Loukozoa
2966:Hemiolia
2886:Alistosa
2815:Bodonida
2520:Acrasida
2327:Tsukubea
2269:Jakobida
2252:Jakobida
2197:Amorphea
2175:Rhizaria
2163:Hacrobia
2153:Excavata
2138:Bacteria
2114:Excavata
2022:26027775
1973:21321215
1911:26188331
1862:21569364
1812:26977404
1759:16455122
1724:15771199
1692:13783061
1684:28617666
1652:: 1–15.
1641:Parasite
1397:16562450
1288:15542100
1179:T. cruzi
1101:T. vivax
1087:teleosts
932:T. hosei
836:T. cruzi
793:T. avium
665:T. cruzi
569:T. vivax
478:T. cruzi
474:Bodonida
464:Taxonomy
410:proteins
334:trypano-
323:protozoa
245:Synonyms
124:Family:
94:Phylum:
84:Domain:
3913:1689929
3854:1342090
3828:3208283
3724:Q541987
2973:Liburna
2958:Karavia
2579:Lulidae
2426:Lunosea
2260:Jakobea
2239:Discoba
2212:Animals
2133:Archaea
2030:9594154
1964:3048101
1941:Bibcode
1902:4644990
1853:3105954
1803:4781969
1782:Bibcode
1675:5479402
1532:8 March
1511:8 March
1450:8 March
1306:msu.edu
1251:8 March
1196:of its
1190:meiosis
1172:Meiosis
1055:T. suis
917:suramin
901:Equidae
889:dourine
420:History
134:Genus:
114:Order:
104:Class:
3926:562571
3910:uBio:
3903:779558
3887:NZOR:
3841:342760
3815:1TRYPG
3776:132281
2190:Plants
2127:Domain
2028:
2020:
1971:
1961:
1909:
1899:
1860:
1850:
1810:
1800:
1757:
1722:
1698:
1690:
1682:
1672:
1664:
1553:Nature
1395:
1286:
1106:nagana
1040:nagana
948:koalas
897:horses
861:nagana
829:nagana
536:. The
387:, and
370:or an
360:equine
346:vector
147:, 1843
3921:WoRMS
3867:96918
3849:IRMNG
3802:91251
3789:64874
3766:46386
2217:Fungi
2026:S2CID
1929:(PDF)
1688:S2CID
1060:surra
946:, in
935:, in
913:surra
871:, in
812:, in
777:. in
436:trout
331:Greek
305:genus
303:is a
162:Aneza
145:Gruby
3880:5690
3875:NCBI
3823:GBIF
3810:EPPO
2018:PMID
1969:PMID
1907:PMID
1858:PMID
1808:PMID
1755:PMID
1720:PMID
1680:PMID
1662:ISSN
1620:and
1584:and
1568:2021
1534:2019
1513:2019
1452:2019
1393:PMID
1284:PMID
1253:2019
1208:and
704:and
692:and
554:and
516:and
338:soma
34:and
3862:ISC
3797:EoL
3784:CoL
3748:AFD
2008:hdl
2000:doi
1996:166
1959:PMC
1949:doi
1937:108
1897:PMC
1889:doi
1885:151
1848:PMC
1838:doi
1798:PMC
1790:doi
1747:doi
1743:100
1670:PMC
1654:doi
1557:doi
1485:doi
1466:doi
1429:doi
1412:doi
1385:doi
1276:doi
1241:WHO
895:in
891:or
526:).
307:of
3945::
3923::
3900::
3877::
3864::
3851::
3838::
3825::
3812::
3799::
3786::
3763::
3750::
3735::
3720::
2024:.
2016:.
2006:.
1994:.
1990:.
1967:.
1957:.
1947:.
1935:.
1931:.
1905:.
1895:.
1883:.
1879:.
1856:.
1846:.
1834:42
1832:.
1828:.
1806:,
1796:,
1788:,
1776:,
1753:.
1741:.
1716:80
1714:.
1686:.
1678:.
1668:.
1660:.
1648:.
1646:24
1644:.
1638:.
1555:.
1551:.
1504:.
1476:^
1391:.
1381:67
1379:.
1358:.
1341:.
1304:.
1282:.
1272:34
1270:.
1239:.
1168:.
745:.
710:.
686:,
680:,
674:,
653:.
635:,
629:,
623:,
617:,
611:,
605:,
584:.
572:.
548:,
510:,
504:,
460:.
438:.
416:.
3537:†
2224:)
2106:e
2099:t
2092:v
2032:.
2010::
2002::
1975:.
1951::
1943::
1913:.
1891::
1864:.
1840::
1792::
1784::
1778:5
1761:.
1749::
1726:.
1700:2
1694:.
1656::
1570:.
1559::
1515:.
1487::
1468::
1431::
1414::
1399:.
1387::
1365:.
1314:.
1290:.
1278::
1255:.
919:)
879:,
396:.
38:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
