293:, but the main limitation of this method is the availability of fluorescent microscopes, which are not often available in resource-poor settings where scrub typhus is endemic. Indirect immunoperoxidase, a modification of the standard IFA method, can be used with a light microscope, and the results of these tests are comparable to those from IFA. Rapid bedside kits have been described that produce a result within one hour, but the availability of these tests is severely limited by their cost. Serological methods are most reliable when a four-fold rise in antibody titre is found. If the patient is from a nonendemic area, then diagnosis can be made from a single acute serum sample. In patients from endemic areas, this is not possible because antibodies may be found in up to 18% of healthy individuals.
402:
53:
278:
often absent since the bite does not inflict pain and the mites are almost too small to be seen by the naked eye. Usually, scrub typhus is often labelled as PUO in remote endemic areas, since blood culture is often negative, yet it can be treated effectively with chloramphenicol. Where doubt exists, the diagnosis may be confirmed by a laboratory test such as
382:
strains is now recognized, and immunity to one strain does not confer immunity to another. Any scrub typhus vaccine should give protection to all the strains present locally, to give an acceptable level of protection. A vaccine developed for one locality may not be protective in another, because of
248:
The precise incidence of the disease is unknown, as diagnostic facilities are not available in much of its large native range, which spans vast regions of equatorial jungle to the subtropics. In rural
Thailand and Laos, murine and scrub typhus account for around a quarter of all adults presenting to
474:
in 1942â43, and mentions that to be hospital-evacuated, Allied soldiers (who cycled forces) had to run a fever of 102 °F (39 °C), and that sickness casualties outnumbered weapons-inflicted casualties 5:1. Similarly, the illness was a casualty producer in all the jungle fighting of the land
252:
It affects females more than males in Korea, but not in Japan, which may be because sex-differentiated cultural roles have women tending garden plots more often, thus being exposed to vegetation inhabited by chiggers. The incidence is increasing in the southern part of the Indian subcontinent and in
277:
can be identified, it is quite diagnostic of scrub typhus, but this can be unreliable on dark skin, and moreover, the site of eschar which is usually where the mite bites is often located in covered areas. Unless it is actively searched for, the eschar can easily be missed. History of mite bite is
370:
in a classified project called "Operation Tyburn"), but the vaccine was not used. The first known batch of scrub typhus vaccine actually used to inoculate human subjects was dispatched to India for use by Allied Land Forces, South-East Asia
Command in June 1945. By December 1945, 268,000 cc had
856:
Suttinont C, Losuwanaluk K, Niwatayakul K, Hoontrakul S, Intaranongpai W, Silpasakorn S, Suwancharoen D, Panlar P, Saisongkorh W (June 2006). "Causes of acute, undifferentiated, febrile illness in rural
Thailand: results of a prospective observational study".
371:
been dispatched. The vaccine was produced at
Wellcome's laboratory at Ely Grange, Frant, Sussex. An attempt to verify the efficacy of the vaccine by using a placebo group for comparison was vetoed by the military commanders, who objected to the experiment.
2516:
2501:
249:
hospital with fever and negative blood cultures. The incidence in Japan has fallen over the past few decades, probably due to land development driving decreasing exposure, and many prefectures report fewer than 50 cases per year.
1529:
Watt G, Chouriyagune C, Ruangweerayud R, Watcharapichat P, Phulsuksombati D, Jongsakul K, Teja-Isavadharm P, Bhodhidatta D, Corcoran KD (1996). "Scrub typhus infections poorly responsive to antibiotics in northern
Thailand".
300:, but these are not routinely available and the results do not always correlate with serological testing, and are affected by prior antibiotic treatment. The currently available diagnostic methods have been summarised.
228:), which are found in areas of heavy scrub vegetation. The mites feed on infected rodent hosts and subsequently transmit the parasite to other rodents and humans. The bite of this mite leaves a characteristic black
493:
Scrub typhus was first reported in Chile in 2006. This is likely the result of underdiagnosis and underreporting and not of a recent spread to Chile. In
January 2020 the disease was for the first time reported in
483:. Where the Allies had bases, they could remove and cut back vegetation, or use DDT as a prophylaxis area barrier treatment, so mite- and tick-induced sickness rates in forces off the front lines were diminished.
2608:
261:
In endemic areas, diagnosis is generally made on clinical grounds alone. However, overshadowing of the diagnosis is quite often as the clinical symptoms overlap with other infectious diseases such as
454:, although war records frequently lack definitive diagnoses, and many records of "high fever" evacuations were also likely to be other tropical illnesses. In the chapter entitled "The Green War",
1959:
Watt G, Kantipong P, Jongsakul K, Watcharapichat P, Phulsuksombati D, Strickman D (2000). "Doxycycline and rifampicin for mild scrub-typhus infections in northern
Thailand: a randomised trial".
4160:
282:. Again, this is often unavailable in most endemic areas, since the serological test involved is not included in the routine screening tests for PUO, especially in Burma (Myanmar).
4430:
2601:
1086:
Pradutkanchana J, Silpapojakul K, Paxton H, Pradutkanchana S, Kelly DJ, Strickman D (1997). "Comparative evaluation of four serodiagnostic tests for scrub typhus in
Thailand".
285:
The choice of laboratory test is not straightforward, and all currently available tests have their limitations. The cheapest and most easily available serological test is the
507:
5181:
2594:
4153:
1250:"Scrub typhus serologic testing with the indirect immunofluorescence method as a diagnostic gold standard: a lack of consensus leads to a lot of confusion"
1213:
Kelly DJ, Wong PW, Gan E, Lewis GE Jr (1988). "Comparative evaluation of the indirect immunoperoxidase test for the serodiagnosis of rickettsial disease".
790:
5145:
4732:
4240:
486:
The disease was also a problem for US troops stationed in Japan after WWII, and was variously known as "ShichitĆ fever" (by troops stationed in the
4250:
4146:
393:, died after accidentally pricking her finger with a needle containing scrub typhus while inoculating a mouse in an attempt to develop a vaccine.
655:(Rickettsiales: Rickettsiaceae) in unengorged chiggers (Acari: Trombiculidae) from Oita Prefecture, Japan, by nested polymerase chain reaction".
331:
are alternatives. Azithromycin is an alternative in children and pregnant women with scrub typhus, and when doxycycline resistance is suspected.
4525:
74:
807:
Phongmany S, Rolain JM, Phetsouvanh R, Blacksell SD, Soukkhaseum V, Rasachack B, Phiasakha K, Soukkhaseum S, Frichithavong K (February 2006).
4464:
3774:
2394:
2357:
2332:
2282:
2042:
2015:
451:
3169:
4643:
4205:
3424:
1924:
Mathai E, Rolain JM, Verghese L, Mathai M, Jasper P, Verghese G, Raoult D (2003). "Case reports: scrub typhus during pregnancy in India".
1439:
Sonthayanon P, Chierakul W, Wuthiekanun V, Blacksell SD, Pimda K, Suputtamongkol Y, Pukrittayakamee S, White NJ, Day NP (December 2006).
5093:
4438:
308:
Without treatment, the disease is often fatal. Since the use of antibiotics, case fatalities have decreased from 4â40% to less than 2%.
2162:"Antigenic relationship among the eight prototype and new serotype strains of Orientia tsutsugamushi revealed by monoclonal antibodies"
2060:
2003:
1675:
Phimda K, Hoontrakul S, Suttinont C, Chareonwat S, Losuwanaluk K, Chueasuwanchai S, Chierakul W, Suwancharoen D, Silpasakorn S (2007).
409:
orderly
Raphael Oimbari, near Buna on 25 December 1942. Whittington died in February 1943 from the effects of bush typhus. (Picture by
401:
4625:
2850:
2209:
Kelly DJ, Fuerst PA, Ching WM, Richards AL (2009). "Scrub typhus: The geographic distribution of phenotypic and genotypic variants of
245:
into northern
Australia in the south, and to Pakistan and Afghanistan in the west. It may also be endemic in parts of South America.
5051:
4789:
4648:
4551:
2978:
2621:
2307:
4459:
4446:
3414:
542:
Tseng BY, Yang HH, Liou JH, Chen LK, Hsu YH (February 2008). "Immunohistochemical study of scrub typhus: a report of two cases".
4957:
4533:
3419:
2960:
1371:
Tay ST, Nazma S, Rohani MY (1996). "Diagnosis of scrub typhus in Malaysian aborigines using nested polymerase chain reaction".
4082:
4698:
4520:
4474:
4385:
4375:
2992:
323:
is an alternative. Strains that are resistant to doxycycline and chloramphenicol have been reported in northern Thailand.
4802:
4722:
4668:
2808:
5191:
5110:
4638:
4479:
4263:
3978:
3302:
2738:
1769:"Azithromycin Activities against Orientia tsutsugamushi Strains Isolated in Cases of Scrub Typhus in Northern Thailand"
5130:
4751:
4663:
3639:
3633:
3249:
290:
207:
5150:
4952:
3718:
987:
944:
901:
4678:
2696:
4454:
3439:
3274:
3243:
3173:
2954:
988:"Comparative research on epidemiological aspects of tsutsugamushi disease (scrub typhus) between Korea and Japan"
297:
270:
175:
787:
4947:
4653:
4620:
4330:
4245:
4196:
3914:
3696:
3434:
3429:
3313:
3102:
2921:
2844:
2836:
2586:
2531:
316:
224:
163:
3817:
2350:
War epidemics: an historical geography of infectious diseases in military conflict and civil strife, 1850â2000
1724:
Mahajan SK, Rolain JM, Sankhyan N, Kaushal RK, Raoult D (2008). "Pediatric scrub typhus in Indian Himalayas".
1121:
Bozeman FM & Elisberg BL (1963). "Serological diagnosis of scrub typhus by indirect immunofluorescence".
5078:
4878:
4615:
4590:
4510:
4118:
3998:
3958:
3900:
3619:
3386:
2822:
2780:
2465:
GonzĂĄlez C (January 29, 2020). "Una bacteria presente en ĂĄcaros causa un raro tipo de infecciĂłn en el sur".
4658:
4610:
4600:
4595:
4484:
4169:
3934:
3852:
3811:
3807:
3688:
3682:
3449:
3159:
3094:
2888:
2794:
2766:
2700:
2419:
Ogawa M, Hagiwara T, Kishimoto T, Shiga S, Yoshida Y, Furuya Y, Kaiho I, Ito T, Nemoto H (1 August 2002).
436:
237:
98:
94:
61:
5105:
5083:
4996:
4309:
3951:
3940:
3738:
3368:
3194:
3165:
2972:
2732:
2686:
467:
241:). This extends from northern Japan and far-eastern Russia in the north, to the territories around the
1400:"Usefulness of nested PCR for the diagnosis of scrub typhus in clinical practice: A prospective study"
5140:
4809:
4798:
4425:
4415:
4215:
4112:
4072:
4025:
3907:
3558:
3516:
3496:
3453:
3309:
3108:
2788:
480:
343:. Combination therapy with doxycycline and rifampicin is not recommended due to possible antagonism.
340:
106:
470:
over extremely harsh terrains under intense hardshipsâ fought during a six-month span all along the
462:
identifies that the disease was one of a number of debilitating afflictions affecting both sides on
5022:
5017:
4927:
4853:
4843:
4817:
4813:
4688:
4494:
4405:
4177:
4090:
4035:
3704:
3580:
3525:
3473:
3392:
3335:
3288:
3223:
3071:
3063:
3057:
2774:
2760:
2629:
2520:
2046:
602:"Emergence of Orientia tsutsugamushi as an important cause of acute encephalitis syndrome in India"
476:
375:
363:
2420:
1902:
699:
206:
occur in the late phase of illness. It has particularly been shown to be the most common cause of
5073:
4984:
4395:
4380:
4370:
4078:
3989:
3490:
3479:
3400:
3344:
3132:
2830:
2816:
2746:
2723:
2376:
2191:
1984:
1749:
1555:
1353:
1146:
882:
680:
567:
459:
446:
World War II provides some indicators that the disease is endemic to undeveloped areas in all of
1166:"Serodiagnosis of tsutsugamushi fever (scrub typhus) by the indirect immunoperoxidase technique"
383:
antigenic variation. This complexity continues to hamper efforts to produce a viable vaccine.
5186:
5098:
4778:
4489:
4063:
4029:
3893:
3825:
3588:
3566:
3535:
2986:
2752:
2542:
2442:
2390:
2386:
2353:
2328:
2303:
2278:
2230:
2183:
2142:
2111:
2011:
1976:
1941:
1883:
1839:
1798:
1741:
1706:
1657:
1639:
1600:
1547:
1511:
1462:
1421:
1380:
1345:
1310:
1271:
1230:
1195:
1138:
1103:
1063:
1007:
964:
921:
874:
838:
770:
729:
672:
633:
559:
495:
455:
69:
2021:
1862:"Scrub typhus during pregnancy and its treatment: a case series and review of the literature"
5135:
5056:
4870:
4838:
4054:
3969:
3760:
3607:
3594:
3409:
3026:
3008:
2915:
2874:
2802:
2672:
2432:
2222:
2173:
2101:
2093:
1968:
1933:
1873:
1829:
1788:
1780:
1733:
1696:
1688:
1647:
1631:
1590:
1539:
1501:
1493:
1452:
1411:
1337:
1302:
1261:
1222:
1185:
1177:
1130:
1095:
1053:
1045:
999:
956:
913:
866:
828:
820:
760:
719:
711:
664:
623:
613:
551:
110:
5176:
5029:
4917:
4741:
4673:
4580:
4400:
4279:
4004:
3925:
3879:
3784:
3724:
3659:
3601:
3570:
3562:
3265:
3235:
3229:
3112:
2941:
2692:
2380:
794:
411:
320:
286:
235:
Scrub typhus is endemic to a part of the world known as the tsutsugamushi triangle (after
187:
587:
5155:
5034:
4937:
4767:
4633:
4575:
4560:
4420:
4351:
4104:
3754:
3748:
3611:
3507:
3464:
3359:
2880:
2647:
2617:
2178:
2161:
2106:
2081:
1903:"Efficacy of azithromycin for treatment of mild scrub-typhus infections in South Korea"
1701:
1676:
1652:
1619:
1506:
1481:
1058:
1033:
833:
808:
724:
628:
601:
440:
406:
390:
359:
194:
and abnormal liver function tests are commonly seen in the early phase of the illness.
113:
52:
2525:
1972:
1937:
1543:
1190:
1165:
1099:
945:"Annual incidence of tsutsugamushi disease in Miyazaki prefecture, Japan in 2001-2005"
765:
748:
555:
5170:
5115:
4932:
4828:
4784:
4469:
4268:
4226:
4100:
4016:
3843:
3798:
3539:
3531:
3374:
3141:
3052:
2712:
2678:
2653:
2638:
2421:"Scrub typhus in Japan: Epidemiology and clinical features of cases reported in 1998"
1793:
1768:
1753:
1341:
571:
332:
103:
2195:
1988:
1559:
1398:
Kim DM, Yun NR, Yang TY, Lee JH, Yang JT, Shim SK, Choi EN, Park MY, Lee SH (2006).
1357:
1181:
1150:
886:
5120:
5046:
4942:
4714:
4605:
4390:
4304:
4096:
3870:
3349:
3077:
3017:
2964:
2949:
2571:
1635:
1441:"Rapid diagnosis of scrub typhus in rural Thailand using polymerase chain reaction"
684:
471:
432:
328:
262:
219:
199:
183:
171:
17:
2327:. Cave Junction, Oregon: Oregon Institute of Science & Medicine. p. 309.
1677:"Doxycycline versus Azithromycin for Treatment of Leptospirosis and Scrub Typhus"
618:
5125:
4833:
4727:
4693:
4683:
4515:
4325:
4295:
3670:
3625:
3576:
3280:
3032:
2536:
2467:
1482:"Effects of Antibiotic Treatment on the Results of Nested PCRs for Scrub Typhus"
1003:
960:
917:
487:
416:
312:
266:
242:
203:
195:
2574:
2547:
1457:
1440:
1134:
1049:
668:
5013:
5008:
4336:
4286:
4259:
3044:
2510:
2437:
1878:
1861:
1737:
1595:
1574:
1573:
Kollars TM, Bodhidatta D, Phulsuksombati D, Tippayachai B, Coleman RE (2003).
1416:
1399:
1306:
1226:
463:
367:
336:
191:
132:
2248:
1767:
Watt G, Kantipong P, Jongsakul K, Watcharapichat P, Phulsuksombati D (1999).
1643:
870:
142:. The disease is thus frequently classified separately from the other typhi.
5003:
4848:
4772:
4718:
4186:
3858:
3710:
3378:
3319:
3200:
2566:
1289:
Eamsila C, Singsawat P, Duangvaraporn A, Strickman D (1996). "Antibodies to
386:
2446:
2234:
2187:
2115:
2097:
1980:
1945:
1887:
1802:
1784:
1745:
1710:
1661:
1604:
1515:
1466:
1425:
1349:
1275:
1142:
1067:
1011:
968:
925:
878:
842:
824:
774:
733:
676:
637:
563:
2409:
Manchester, p. Six months to recapture Buna and Gona from July 21â22, 1942
2146:
1843:
1551:
1384:
1314:
1234:
1199:
1107:
902:"Scrub typhus (tsutsugamushi disease) in Kanagawa Prefecture in 2001â2005"
715:
5088:
5039:
4902:
4897:
4746:
4235:
4210:
4138:
3294:
1692:
1497:
324:
279:
155:
138:
124:
2493:
1015:
972:
929:
443:; and before 1944, no effective antibiotics or vaccines were available.
5068:
4979:
4907:
4823:
4410:
3885:
3831:
3185:
3150:
2065:
1901:<Please add first missing authors to populate metadata.> (2003).
447:
355:
405:
An Australian soldier, Private George "Dick" Whittington, is aided by
5063:
2663:
2505:
600:
Jain P, Prakash S, Tripathi PK, Chauhan A, Gupta S, Sharma U (2018).
428:
274:
229:
179:
120:
90:
1575:"Short report: variation in the 56-kD type-specific antigen gene of
1328:
Watt G, Parola P (2003). "Scrub typhus and tropical rickettsioses".
2226:
1834:
1817:
1266:
1249:
218:
Scrub typhus is transmitted by some species of trombiculid mites ("
4922:
1032:
Koh GC, Maude RJ, Paris DH, Newton PN, Blacksell SD (March 2010).
900:
Katayama T, Hara M, Furuya Y, Nikkawa T, Ogasawara H (June 2006).
424:
400:
159:
151:
128:
119:
Although the disease is similar in presentation to other forms of
749:"Orientia tsutsugamushi infection: overview and immune responses"
4991:
4912:
2906:
2865:
4142:
2590:
1248:
Blacksell SD, Bryant NJ, Paris, DH, Sakoda Y, Day NP (2007).
651:
Pham XD, Otsuka Y, Suzuki H, Takaoka H (2001). "Detection of
435:. Several members of the U.S. Army's 5307th Composite Unit (
943:
Yamamoto S, Ganmyo H, Iwakiri A, Suzuki S (December 2006).
1860:
Kim YS, Lee HJ, Chang M, Son SK, Rhee YE, Shim SK (2006).
335:
cannot be used safely in pregnancy and is associated with
423:
Severe epidemics of the disease occurred among troops in
2043:"AWIC Newsletter: The Cotton Rat In Biomedical Research"
1818:"Azithromycin therapy for scrub typhus during pregnancy"
289:, but this is notoriously unreliable. The best test is
788:
Deadly scrub typhus bacteria confirmed in South America
439:) died of the disease, as well as many soldiers in the
232:
that is useful to the doctor for making the diagnosis.
2302:. Barnsley, South Yorkshire: Leo Cooper. p. 212.
1618:
El Sayed I, Liu Q, Wee I, Hine P (24 September 2018).
2129:
Shirai A, Tanskul PL, Andre, RG, Huxsoll DL (1981). "
2008:
CDC Health Information for International Travel, 2008
2483:
2352:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 489â91.
4970:
4890:
4869:
4760:
4707:
4568:
4559:
4550:
4503:
4359:
4350:
4318:
4293:
4277:
4224:
4194:
4185:
4176:
4062:
4053:
4015:
3988:
3968:
3924:
3869:
3842:
3797:
3771:
3735:
3667:
3658:
3550:
3515:
3506:
3463:
3358:
3343:
3334:
3264:
3211:
3184:
3149:
3140:
3131:
3043:
3016:
3007:
2940:
2905:
2864:
2722:
2711:
2662:
2646:
2637:
2628:
2557:
2487:
809:"Rickettsial infections and fever, Vientiane, Laos"
68:
42:
37:
2133:strains found in chiggers collected in Thailand".
1081:
1079:
1077:
704:American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
508:List of mites associated with cutaneous reactions
116:first isolated and identified in 1930 in Japan.
2460:
2458:
2456:
2277:. London: University of London, Athlone Press.
1907:Abstr Intersci Conf Antimicrob Agents Chemother
4154:
2602:
8:
1624:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
5146:Recurrent toxin-mediated perineal erythema
4565:
4556:
4432:Mycobacterium aviumâintracellulare complex
4356:
4191:
4182:
4161:
4147:
4139:
4059:
3664:
3512:
3355:
3340:
3146:
3137:
3013:
2719:
2659:
2643:
2634:
2609:
2595:
2587:
2484:
2371:
2369:
1855:
1853:
1027:
1025:
747:Seong SY, Choi MS, Kim IS (January 2001).
583:
581:
354:An early attempt to create a scrub typhus
51:
34:
4241:Cutaneous group B streptococcal infection
2436:
2177:
2105:
1877:
1833:
1792:
1700:
1651:
1594:
1505:
1456:
1415:
1265:
1189:
1057:
832:
764:
723:
627:
617:
490:) or "Hatsuka fever" (Chiba prefecture).
2135:Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health
1373:Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health
136:with the typhus bacteria proper, but in
2002:Arguin PM, Kozarsky PE, Reed C (2008).
1620:"Antibiotics for treating scrub typhus"
1164:Yamamoto S & Minamishima Y (1982).
519:
46:Bush typhus, mite typhus, jungle typhus
5182:Bacterium-related cutaneous conditions
4465:Rapid growing mycobacterium infection
3775:Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans
700:"Evolution of Eschar in Scrub Typhus"
7:
4644:Human granulocytotropic anaplasmosis
4206:Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome
3160:Neisseria meningitidis/meningococcus
2348:Smallman-Raynor M, Cliff AD (2004).
351:No licensed vaccines are available.
5094:Chronic undermining burrowing ulcer
2004:"Chapter 4: Rickettsial Infections"
1579:isolated from patients in Thailand"
2622:Gram-negative bacterial infections
2179:10.1111/j.1348-0421.1999.tb02397.x
296:Other methods include culture and
253:northern areas around Darjeeling.
27:Disease caused by O. tsutsugamushi
25:
5052:Superficial pustular folliculitis
4649:Human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis
2979:Human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis
2385:. Little Brown Company. pp.
2069:. Millbanksystems. April 2, 1946.
4460:Primary inoculation tuberculosis
3195:Neisseria gonorrhoeae/gonococcus
3170:WaterhouseâFriderichsen syndrome
2061:"Scrub Typhus Vaccine, Far East"
1342:10.1097/00001432-200310000-00009
986:Bang HA, Lee MJ, Lee WC (2008).
4958:Gram-negative toe web infection
4534:Group JK corynebacterium sepsis
2961:Human granulocytic anaplasmosis
2066:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)
1182:10.1128/JCM.15.6.1128-1132.1982
531:. London: Sassell. p. 177.
311:The drug most commonly used is
4699:Ehrlichiosis ewingii infection
4521:Cutaneous diphtheria infection
4475:Tuberculosis cutis orificialis
4386:Borderline tuberculoid leprosy
4376:Borderline lepromatous leprosy
2993:Ehrlichiosis ewingii infection
1636:10.1002/14651858.CD002150.pub2
797:. ScienMag (September 8, 2016)
1:
4723:Primary gonococcal dermatitis
4669:Flinders Island spotted fever
2809:Flinders Island spotted fever
1973:10.1016/S0140-6736(00)02728-8
1938:10.1016/S0035-9203(03)80032-9
1544:10.1016/S0140-6736(96)02501-9
1100:10.1016/S0035-9203(97)90266-2
766:10.1016/S1286-4579(00)01352-6
590:, accessdate: 16 October 2011
556:10.1016/S1607-551X(08)70103-7
5111:Blistering distal dactylitis
4639:Rocky Mountain spotted fever
4527:Arcanobacterium haemolyticum
4480:Tuberculosis verrucosa cutis
4264:Chronic recurrent erysipelas
3979:Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
3303:Burkholderia cepacia complex
2739:Rocky Mountain spotted fever
2325:Jungle Snafus...And Remedies
2215:Clinical Infectious Diseases
1726:Indian Journal of Pediatrics
619:10.1371/journal.pntd.0006346
5131:Blastomycosis-like pyoderma
4752:Chromobacteriosis infection
4664:Mediterranean spotted fever
3640:Far East scarlet-like fever
3634:Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
3250:Chromobacteriosis infection
1773:Antimicrob Agents Chemother
1681:Antimicrob Agents Chemother
1034:"Diagnosis of scrub typhus"
1004:10.7883/yoken.JJID.2008.148
961:10.7883/yoken.JJID.2006.404
918:10.7883/yoken.JJID.2006.207
496:Chile's southernmost region
291:indirect immunofluorescence
208:acute encephalitis syndrome
166:. More virulent strains of
150:Signs and symptoms include
5208:
5151:Tick-borne lymphadenopathy
4953:Gram-negative folliculitis
2298:Grant, Ian Lyall- (2003).
2160:Kang JS, Chang WH (1999).
1458:10.4269/ajtmh.2006.75.1099
1135:10.3181/00379727-112-28107
1050:10.4269/ajtmh.2010.09-0233
669:10.1603/0022-2585-38.2.308
4455:Papulonecrotic tuberculid
4440:Mycobacterium haemophilum
3440:Hemolytic-uremic syndrome
3275:Burkholderia pseudomallei
3244:Chromobacterium violaceum
3174:Meningococcal septicaemia
2955:Anaplasma phagocytophilum
2471:(in Spanish). p. A9.
2438:10.4269/ajtmh.2002.67.162
2379:(1978). "The Green War".
2080:Thomson Walker W (1947).
1879:10.4269/ajtmh.2006.75.955
1738:10.1007/s12098-008-0198-z
1596:10.4269/ajtmh.2003.68.299
1417:10.4269/ajtmh.2006.75.542
1307:10.4269/ajtmh.1996.55.556
1227:10.4269/ajtmh.1988.38.400
366:infecting around 300,000
298:polymerase chain reaction
271:pyrexia of unknown origin
176:intravascular coagulation
164:gastrointestinal symptoms
127:is no longer included in
59:
50:
4948:Lymphogranuloma venereum
4654:Flea-borne spotted fever
4627:Rickettsia aeschlimannii
4621:American tick bite fever
4331:Erysipeloid of Rosenbach
4246:Streptococcal intertrigo
3915:Plesiomonas shigelloides
3697:Brazilian purpuric fever
3314:Bordetella parapertussis
3103:Bartonella bacilliformis
2922:Flea-borne spotted fever
2852:Rickettsia aeschlimannii
2845:Rickettsia aeschlimannii
2837:American tick bite fever
2300:Burma: The Turning Point
2249:"Death from Scrub Fever"
2131:Rickettsia tsutsugamushi
1926:Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg
1480:Kim DM, Byun JN (2008).
1088:Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg
871:10.1179/136485906X112158
225:Leptotrombidium deliense
5079:Trichomycosis axillaris
4616:African tick bite fever
4591:North Asian tick typhus
4511:Cutaneous actinomycosis
4083:GuillainâBarrĂ© syndrome
3999:Cardiobacterium hominis
3959:Acinetobacter baumannii
3901:Vibrio parahaemolyticus
3620:Yersinia enterocolitica
3387:Klebsiella granulomatis
2823:African tick bite fever
2781:North Asian tick typhus
1816:Choi EK, Pai H (1998).
4791:Haemophilus influenzae
4735:Pasteurella hemolytica
4659:Japanese spotted fever
4611:Bacillary angiomatosis
4601:Flying squirrel typhus
4596:Queensland tick typhus
4485:Tuberculous cellulitis
4448:Mycobacterium kansasii
4170:Bacterial skin disease
3935:Pseudomonas aeruginosa
3853:Francisella tularensis
3812:Legionella longbeachae
3808:Legionella pneumophila
3450:Enterobacter aerogenes
3095:Bacillary angiomatosis
2889:Orientia tsutsugamushi
2795:Queensland tick typhus
2767:Japanese spotted fever
2701:Flying squirrel typhus
2211:Orientia tsutsugamushi
2098:10.1136/bmj.1.4501.484
2082:"Scrub Typhus Vaccine"
1785:10.1128/AAC.43.11.2817
1577:Orientia tsutsugamushi
1291:Orientia tsutsugamushi
859:Ann Trop Med Parasitol
825:10.3201/eid1202.050900
653:Orientia tsutsugamushi
588:Pediatric Scrub Typhus
527:Slim, William (1956).
466:in the running bloody
420:
380:Orientia tsutsugamushi
99:Orientia tsutsugamushi
95:intracellular parasite
62:Orientia tsutsugamushi
5106:Elephantiasis nostras
5084:Necrotizing fasciitis
4997:Hospital furunculosis
4679:BrillâZinsser disease
4310:Dermatitis gangrenosa
3952:Moraxella catarrhalis
3818:Legionnaires' disease
3739:Pasteurella multocida
3369:Klebsiella pneumoniae
3166:Meningococcal disease
2973:Ehrlichia chaffeensis
2733:Rickettsia rickettsii
2697:BrillâZinsser disease
2687:Rickettsia prowazekii
1913:: abstract no. Lâ182.
1445:Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg
1123:Proc Soc Exp Biol Med
1038:Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg
716:10.4269/ajtmh.16-0583
544:Kaohsiung J. Med. Sci
404:
178:. Morbilliform rash,
5141:Chronic lymphangitis
4810:Hot tub folliculitis
4799:Pseudomonal pyoderma
4426:Miliary tuberculosis
4416:Lichen scrofulosorum
4216:Toxic shock syndrome
4113:Helicobacter cinaedi
4073:Campylobacter jejuni
4026:Aeromonas hydrophila
3908:Vibrio alginolyticus
3559:Shigella dysenteriae
3497:Citrobacter freundii
3454:Enterobacter cloacae
3310:Bordetella pertussis
2789:Rickettsia australis
2275:Red mites and typhus
1693:10.1128/AAC.00508-07
1498:10.1128/JCM.00634-08
1330:Curr Opin Infect Dis
813:Emerging Infect. Dis
481:Guadalcanal campaign
5192:Tick-borne diseases
5030:Acute lymphadenitis
5023:Perianal cellulitis
5018:Pyogenic paronychia
4928:Chlamydia infection
4844:Granuloma inguinale
4818:Green nail syndrome
4814:Ecthyma gangrenosum
4689:Cat-scratch disease
4495:Tuberculoid leprosy
4406:Lepromatous leprosy
4253:Streptococcus iniae
4091:Helicobacter pylori
3581:Bacillary dysentery
3526:Salmonella enterica
3474:Serratia marcescens
3393:Granuloma inguinale
3289:Burkholderia mallei
3224:Eikenella corrodens
3072:Bartonella quintana
3064:Cat-scratch disease
3058:Bartonella henselae
2775:Rickettsia sibirica
2761:Rickettsia japonica
1967:(9235): 1057â1061.
1293:in Thai soldiers".
529:Defeat Into Victory
477:New Guinea campaign
437:Merrill's Marauders
376:antigenic variation
364:Wellcome Foundation
190:are typical signs.
18:Tsutsugamushi fever
5074:Pitted keratolysis
4985:Periapical abscess
4396:Erythema induratum
4381:Borderline leprosy
4371:Aquarium granuloma
4079:Campylobacteriosis
3990:Cardiobacteriaceae
3491:Citrobacter koseri
3401:Klebsiella oxytoca
2831:Rickettsia parkeri
2817:Rickettsia africae
2747:Rickettsia conorii
2558:External resources
2377:William Manchester
2323:Kearny CH (1997).
793:2019-09-23 at the
606:PLOS Negl Trop Dis
460:William Manchester
421:
362:in 1937 (with the
146:Signs and symptoms
75:Infectious disease
5164:
5163:
5099:Fournier gangrene
4966:
4965:
4865:
4864:
4806:hot-foot syndrome
4779:Vibrio vulnificus
4546:
4545:
4542:
4541:
4490:Tuberculous gumma
4346:
4345:
4136:
4135:
4132:
4131:
4064:Campylobacterales
4049:
4048:
4030:Aeromonas veronii
3894:Vibrio vulnificus
3826:Coxiella burnetii
3793:
3792:
3719:H. parainfluenzae
3654:
3653:
3650:
3649:
3589:Proteus mirabilis
3536:Paratyphoid fever
3425:Enterohemorrhagic
3345:Enterobacteriales
3330:
3329:
3260:
3259:
3127:
3126:
3123:
3122:
3109:Carrion's disease
3003:
3002:
2987:Ehrlichia ewingii
2936:
2935:
2932:
2931:
2753:Boutonneuse fever
2584:
2583:
2425:Am J Trop Med Hyg
2396:978-0-316-54498-6
2359:978-0-19-823364-0
2334:978-1-884067-10-5
2284:978-0-485-26318-3
2166:Microbiol Immunol
2017:978-0-323-04885-9
1866:Am J Trop Med Hyg
1779:(11): 2817â2818.
1583:Am J Trop Med Hyg
1404:Am J Trop Med Hyg
1295:Am J Trop Med Hyg
1215:Am J Trop Med Hyg
488:Izu Seven Islands
456:General MacArthur
210:in Bihar, India.
188:lymphadenopathies
107:α-proteobacterium
80:
79:
32:Medical condition
16:(Redirected from
5199:
5136:Bullous impetigo
5057:Sycosis vulgaris
4871:Campylobacterota
4820:
4566:
4557:
4357:
4192:
4183:
4163:
4156:
4149:
4140:
4060:
3970:Xanthomonadaceae
3778:
3761:Actinobacillosis
3742:
3675:
3665:
3595:Proteus vulgaris
3513:
3410:Escherichia coli
3356:
3341:
3216:
3147:
3138:
3027:Brucella abortus
3014:
3009:Hyphomicrobiales
2916:Rickettsia felis
2875:Rickettsia akari
2803:Rickettsia honei
2720:
2673:Rickettsia typhi
2660:
2644:
2635:
2611:
2604:
2597:
2588:
2485:
2473:
2472:
2462:
2451:
2450:
2440:
2416:
2410:
2407:
2401:
2400:
2373:
2364:
2363:
2345:
2339:
2338:
2320:
2314:
2313:
2295:
2289:
2288:
2273:Audy JR (1968).
2270:
2264:
2263:
2261:
2260:
2253:Kalgoorlie Miner
2245:
2239:
2238:
2206:
2200:
2199:
2181:
2157:
2151:
2150:
2126:
2120:
2119:
2109:
2077:
2071:
2070:
2057:
2051:
2050:
2045:. Archived from
2039:
2033:
2032:
2030:
2029:
2020:. Archived from
1999:
1993:
1992:
1956:
1950:
1949:
1921:
1915:
1914:
1898:
1892:
1891:
1881:
1857:
1848:
1847:
1837:
1813:
1807:
1806:
1796:
1764:
1758:
1757:
1721:
1715:
1714:
1704:
1672:
1666:
1665:
1655:
1615:
1609:
1608:
1598:
1570:
1564:
1563:
1526:
1520:
1519:
1509:
1486:J Clin Microbiol
1477:
1471:
1470:
1460:
1436:
1430:
1429:
1419:
1395:
1389:
1388:
1368:
1362:
1361:
1325:
1319:
1318:
1286:
1280:
1279:
1269:
1245:
1239:
1238:
1210:
1204:
1203:
1193:
1170:J Clin Microbiol
1161:
1155:
1154:
1118:
1112:
1111:
1083:
1072:
1071:
1061:
1029:
1020:
1019:
1014:. Archived from
992:Jpn J Infect Dis
983:
977:
976:
971:. Archived from
949:Jpn J Infect Dis
940:
934:
933:
928:. Archived from
906:Jpn J Infect Dis
897:
891:
890:
853:
847:
846:
836:
804:
798:
785:
779:
778:
768:
744:
738:
737:
727:
710:(6): 1223â1224.
695:
689:
688:
648:
642:
641:
631:
621:
597:
591:
585:
576:
575:
539:
533:
532:
524:
389:, an Australian
358:occurred in the
238:O. tsutsugamushi
222:", particularly
168:O. tsutsugamushi
55:
35:
21:
5207:
5206:
5202:
5201:
5200:
5198:
5197:
5196:
5167:
5166:
5165:
5160:
4972:
4962:
4886:
4861:
4797:
4756:
4742:Meningococcemia
4703:
4674:Verruga peruana
4581:Epidemic typhus
4538:
4499:
4401:Histoid leprosy
4362:
4342:
4314:
4289:
4280:Corynebacterium
4273:
4220:
4172:
4167:
4137:
4128:
4045:
4011:
3984:
3964:
3926:Pseudomonadales
3920:
3880:Vibrio cholerae
3865:
3838:
3789:
3772:
3767:
3736:
3731:
3668:
3646:
3602:Yersinia pestis
3546:
3502:
3459:
3415:Enterotoxigenic
3347:
3326:
3266:Burkholderiales
3256:
3230:Kingella kingae
3212:
3207:
3180:
3119:
3113:Verruga peruana
3039:
2999:
2942:Anaplasmataceae
2928:
2901:
2860:
2714:
2707:
2693:Epidemic typhus
2651:
2624:
2615:
2585:
2580:
2579:
2553:
2552:
2496:
2482:
2477:
2476:
2464:
2463:
2454:
2418:
2417:
2413:
2408:
2404:
2397:
2382:American Caesar
2375:
2374:
2367:
2360:
2347:
2346:
2342:
2335:
2322:
2321:
2317:
2310:
2297:
2296:
2292:
2285:
2272:
2271:
2267:
2258:
2256:
2247:
2246:
2242:
2221:(s3): S203â30.
2208:
2207:
2203:
2159:
2158:
2154:
2128:
2127:
2123:
2092:(4501): 484â7.
2079:
2078:
2074:
2059:
2058:
2054:
2041:
2040:
2036:
2027:
2025:
2018:
2001:
2000:
1996:
1958:
1957:
1953:
1923:
1922:
1918:
1900:
1899:
1895:
1859:
1858:
1851:
1822:Clin Infect Dis
1815:
1814:
1810:
1766:
1765:
1761:
1723:
1722:
1718:
1674:
1673:
1669:
1630:(9): CD002150.
1617:
1616:
1612:
1572:
1571:
1567:
1538:(9020): 86â89.
1528:
1527:
1523:
1479:
1478:
1474:
1451:(6): 1099â102.
1438:
1437:
1433:
1397:
1396:
1392:
1370:
1369:
1365:
1327:
1326:
1322:
1288:
1287:
1283:
1254:Clin Infect Dis
1247:
1246:
1242:
1212:
1211:
1207:
1163:
1162:
1158:
1120:
1119:
1115:
1085:
1084:
1075:
1031:
1030:
1023:
985:
984:
980:
942:
941:
937:
899:
898:
894:
855:
854:
850:
806:
805:
801:
795:Wayback Machine
786:
782:
753:Microbes Infect
746:
745:
741:
698:Park J (2016).
697:
696:
692:
650:
649:
645:
612:(3): e0006346.
599:
598:
594:
586:
579:
541:
540:
536:
526:
525:
521:
516:
504:
475:battles of the
452:Pacific theater
399:
349:
321:chloramphenicol
306:
287:Weil-Felix test
259:
216:
158:, muscle pain,
148:
33:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5205:
5203:
5195:
5194:
5189:
5184:
5179:
5169:
5168:
5162:
5161:
5159:
5158:
5156:Tropical ulcer
5153:
5148:
5143:
5138:
5133:
5128:
5123:
5118:
5113:
5108:
5103:
5102:
5101:
5096:
5086:
5081:
5076:
5071:
5066:
5061:
5060:
5059:
5054:
5043:
5042:
5037:
5035:Pilonidal cyst
5032:
5027:
5026:
5025:
5020:
5006:
5001:
5000:
4999:
4989:
4988:
4987:
4976:
4974:
4968:
4967:
4964:
4963:
4961:
4960:
4955:
4950:
4945:
4940:
4938:Rat-bite fever
4935:
4930:
4925:
4920:
4915:
4910:
4905:
4900:
4894:
4892:
4888:
4887:
4885:
4884:
4875:
4873:
4867:
4866:
4863:
4862:
4860:
4859:
4851:
4846:
4841:
4836:
4831:
4826:
4821:
4795:
4787:
4782:
4775:
4770:
4768:Pasteurellosis
4764:
4762:
4758:
4757:
4755:
4754:
4749:
4744:
4739:
4730:
4725:
4711:
4709:
4705:
4704:
4702:
4701:
4696:
4691:
4686:
4681:
4676:
4671:
4666:
4661:
4656:
4651:
4646:
4641:
4636:
4634:Rickettsialpox
4631:
4623:
4618:
4613:
4608:
4603:
4598:
4593:
4588:
4583:
4578:
4576:Endemic typhus
4572:
4570:
4563:
4561:Pseudomonadota
4554:
4548:
4547:
4544:
4543:
4540:
4539:
4537:
4536:
4531:
4523:
4518:
4513:
4507:
4505:
4501:
4500:
4498:
4497:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4477:
4472:
4467:
4462:
4457:
4452:
4444:
4436:
4428:
4423:
4421:Lupus vulgaris
4418:
4413:
4408:
4403:
4398:
4393:
4388:
4383:
4378:
4373:
4367:
4365:
4361:Mycobacterium-
4354:
4352:Actinomycetota
4348:
4347:
4344:
4343:
4341:
4340:
4333:
4328:
4322:
4320:
4316:
4315:
4313:
4312:
4307:
4301:
4299:
4291:
4290:
4285:
4283:
4275:
4274:
4272:
4271:
4266:
4257:
4248:
4243:
4238:
4232:
4230:
4222:
4221:
4219:
4218:
4213:
4208:
4202:
4200:
4197:Staphylococcus
4189:
4180:
4174:
4173:
4168:
4166:
4165:
4158:
4151:
4143:
4134:
4133:
4130:
4129:
4127:
4126:
4125:
4124:
4109:
4108:
4107:
4105:Gastric cancer
4087:
4086:
4085:
4068:
4066:
4057:
4051:
4050:
4047:
4046:
4044:
4043:
4042:
4041:
4021:
4019:
4013:
4012:
4010:
4009:
4008:
4007:
3994:
3992:
3986:
3985:
3983:
3982:
3974:
3972:
3966:
3965:
3963:
3962:
3955:
3948:
3947:
3946:
3930:
3928:
3922:
3921:
3919:
3918:
3911:
3904:
3897:
3890:
3889:
3888:
3875:
3873:
3867:
3866:
3864:
3863:
3862:
3861:
3848:
3846:
3840:
3839:
3837:
3836:
3835:
3834:
3822:
3821:
3820:
3803:
3801:
3795:
3794:
3791:
3790:
3788:
3787:
3781:
3779:
3769:
3768:
3766:
3765:
3764:
3763:
3755:Actinobacillus
3751:
3749:Pasteurellosis
3745:
3743:
3733:
3732:
3730:
3729:
3728:
3727:
3715:
3714:
3713:
3701:
3700:
3699:
3694:
3678:
3676:
3662:
3660:Pasteurellales
3656:
3655:
3652:
3651:
3648:
3647:
3645:
3644:
3643:
3642:
3630:
3629:
3628:
3616:
3615:
3614:
3612:Bubonic plague
3598:
3585:
3584:
3583:
3554:
3552:
3548:
3547:
3545:
3544:
3543:
3542:
3521:
3519:
3510:
3504:
3503:
3501:
3500:
3487:
3486:
3485:
3469:
3467:
3461:
3460:
3458:
3457:
3445:
3444:
3443:
3442:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3420:Enteroinvasive
3417:
3405:
3404:
3397:
3396:
3395:
3383:
3382:
3381:
3364:
3362:
3353:
3338:
3332:
3331:
3328:
3327:
3325:
3324:
3323:
3322:
3306:
3299:
3298:
3297:
3285:
3284:
3283:
3270:
3268:
3262:
3261:
3258:
3257:
3255:
3254:
3253:
3252:
3240:
3239:
3238:
3219:
3217:
3209:
3208:
3206:
3205:
3204:
3203:
3190:
3188:
3182:
3181:
3179:
3178:
3177:
3176:
3155:
3153:
3144:
3135:
3129:
3128:
3125:
3124:
3121:
3120:
3118:
3117:
3116:
3115:
3099:
3098:
3097:
3082:
3081:
3080:
3068:
3067:
3066:
3049:
3047:
3045:Bartonellaceae
3041:
3040:
3038:
3037:
3036:
3035:
3022:
3020:
3011:
3005:
3004:
3001:
3000:
2998:
2997:
2996:
2995:
2983:
2982:
2981:
2969:
2968:
2967:
2946:
2944:
2938:
2937:
2934:
2933:
2930:
2929:
2927:
2926:
2925:
2924:
2911:
2909:
2903:
2902:
2900:
2899:
2898:
2897:
2885:
2884:
2883:
2881:Rickettsialpox
2870:
2868:
2862:
2861:
2859:
2858:
2857:
2856:
2841:
2840:
2839:
2827:
2826:
2825:
2813:
2812:
2811:
2799:
2798:
2797:
2785:
2784:
2783:
2771:
2770:
2769:
2757:
2756:
2755:
2743:
2742:
2741:
2728:
2726:
2717:
2709:
2708:
2706:
2705:
2704:
2703:
2683:
2682:
2681:
2668:
2666:
2657:
2648:Rickettsiaceae
2641:
2632:
2626:
2625:
2618:Pseudomonadota
2616:
2614:
2613:
2606:
2599:
2591:
2582:
2581:
2578:
2577:
2562:
2561:
2559:
2555:
2554:
2551:
2550:
2539:
2528:
2513:
2497:
2492:
2491:
2489:
2488:Classification
2481:
2480:External links
2478:
2475:
2474:
2452:
2411:
2402:
2395:
2365:
2358:
2340:
2333:
2315:
2308:
2290:
2283:
2265:
2240:
2227:10.1086/596576
2201:
2152:
2121:
2072:
2052:
2049:on 2004-06-10.
2034:
2016:
1994:
1951:
1916:
1893:
1849:
1835:10.1086/517742
1808:
1759:
1716:
1687:(9): 3259â63.
1667:
1610:
1589:(3): 299â300.
1565:
1521:
1472:
1431:
1410:(3): 542â545.
1390:
1363:
1336:(5): 429â436.
1320:
1281:
1267:10.1086/510585
1260:(3): 391â401.
1240:
1205:
1156:
1113:
1073:
1021:
1018:on 2008-09-27.
978:
975:on 2009-08-15.
935:
932:on 2010-05-25.
892:
848:
799:
780:
739:
690:
663:(2): 308â311.
643:
592:
577:
534:
518:
517:
515:
512:
511:
510:
503:
500:
468:Kokoda battles
458:'s biographer
398:
395:
391:bacteriologist
360:United Kingdom
348:
345:
305:
302:
273:(PUO). If the
258:
255:
215:
212:
147:
144:
114:Rickettsiaceae
93:caused by the
78:
77:
72:
66:
65:
57:
56:
48:
47:
44:
40:
39:
31:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5204:
5193:
5190:
5188:
5185:
5183:
5180:
5178:
5175:
5174:
5172:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5149:
5147:
5144:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5134:
5132:
5129:
5127:
5124:
5122:
5119:
5117:
5116:Botryomycosis
5114:
5112:
5109:
5107:
5104:
5100:
5097:
5095:
5092:
5091:
5090:
5087:
5085:
5082:
5080:
5077:
5075:
5072:
5070:
5067:
5065:
5062:
5058:
5055:
5053:
5050:
5049:
5048:
5045:
5044:
5041:
5038:
5036:
5033:
5031:
5028:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5015:
5012:
5011:
5010:
5007:
5005:
5002:
4998:
4995:
4994:
4993:
4992:Boil/furuncle
4990:
4986:
4983:
4982:
4981:
4978:
4977:
4975:
4969:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4933:Leptospirosis
4931:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4916:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4896:
4895:
4893:
4889:
4883:
4881:
4877:
4876:
4874:
4872:
4868:
4858:
4856:
4852:
4850:
4847:
4845:
4842:
4840:
4837:
4835:
4832:
4830:
4829:Salmonellosis
4827:
4825:
4822:
4819:
4815:
4811:
4807:
4805:
4800:
4796:
4794:
4792:
4788:
4786:
4785:Rhinoscleroma
4783:
4781:
4780:
4776:
4774:
4771:
4769:
4766:
4765:
4763:
4759:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4745:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4736:
4731:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4720:
4716:
4713:
4712:
4710:
4706:
4700:
4697:
4695:
4692:
4690:
4687:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4628:
4624:
4622:
4619:
4617:
4614:
4612:
4609:
4607:
4604:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4594:
4592:
4589:
4587:
4584:
4582:
4579:
4577:
4574:
4573:
4571:
4567:
4564:
4562:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4549:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4528:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4509:
4508:
4506:
4502:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4470:Scrofuloderma
4468:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4449:
4445:
4443:
4441:
4437:
4435:
4433:
4429:
4427:
4424:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4369:
4368:
4366:
4364:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4349:
4339:
4338:
4334:
4332:
4329:
4327:
4324:
4323:
4321:
4317:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4302:
4300:
4298:
4297:
4292:
4288:
4284:
4282:
4281:
4276:
4270:
4269:Scarlet fever
4267:
4265:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4254:
4249:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4233:
4231:
4229:
4228:
4227:Streptococcus
4223:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4203:
4201:
4199:
4198:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4175:
4171:
4164:
4159:
4157:
4152:
4150:
4145:
4144:
4141:
4123:
4121:
4117:
4116:
4115:
4114:
4110:
4106:
4102:
4101:MALT lymphoma
4098:
4095:
4094:
4093:
4092:
4088:
4084:
4080:
4077:
4076:
4075:
4074:
4070:
4069:
4067:
4065:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4052:
4040:
4038:
4034:
4033:
4032:
4031:
4027:
4023:
4022:
4020:
4018:
4017:Aeromonadales
4014:
4006:
4003:
4002:
4001:
4000:
3996:
3995:
3993:
3991:
3987:
3981:
3980:
3976:
3975:
3973:
3971:
3967:
3961:
3960:
3956:
3954:
3953:
3949:
3945:
3943:
3939:
3938:
3937:
3936:
3932:
3931:
3929:
3927:
3923:
3917:
3916:
3912:
3910:
3909:
3905:
3903:
3902:
3898:
3896:
3895:
3891:
3887:
3884:
3883:
3882:
3881:
3877:
3876:
3874:
3872:
3868:
3860:
3857:
3856:
3855:
3854:
3850:
3849:
3847:
3845:
3844:Thiotrichales
3841:
3833:
3830:
3829:
3828:
3827:
3823:
3819:
3816:
3815:
3814:
3813:
3809:
3805:
3804:
3802:
3800:
3799:Legionellales
3796:
3786:
3783:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3776:
3770:
3762:
3759:
3758:
3757:
3756:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3740:
3734:
3726:
3723:
3722:
3721:
3720:
3716:
3712:
3709:
3708:
3707:
3706:
3702:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3691:
3687:
3686:
3685:
3684:
3683:H. influenzae
3680:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3657:
3641:
3638:
3637:
3636:
3635:
3631:
3627:
3624:
3623:
3622:
3621:
3617:
3613:
3609:
3606:
3605:
3604:
3603:
3599:
3597:
3596:
3591:
3590:
3586:
3582:
3578:
3575:
3574:
3573:
3572:
3568:
3564:
3560:
3556:
3555:
3553:
3549:
3541:
3540:Salmonellosis
3537:
3533:
3532:Typhoid fever
3530:
3529:
3528:
3527:
3523:
3522:
3520:
3518:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3505:
3499:
3498:
3493:
3492:
3488:
3484:
3482:
3478:
3477:
3476:
3475:
3471:
3470:
3468:
3466:
3462:
3456:
3455:
3451:
3447:
3446:
3441:
3438:
3437:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3412:
3411:
3407:
3406:
3403:
3402:
3398:
3394:
3391:
3390:
3389:
3388:
3384:
3380:
3376:
3375:Rhinoscleroma
3373:
3372:
3371:
3370:
3366:
3365:
3363:
3361:
3357:
3354:
3351:
3346:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3333:
3321:
3318:
3317:
3316:
3315:
3311:
3307:
3305:
3304:
3300:
3296:
3293:
3292:
3291:
3290:
3286:
3282:
3279:
3278:
3277:
3276:
3272:
3271:
3269:
3267:
3263:
3251:
3248:
3247:
3246:
3245:
3241:
3237:
3234:
3233:
3232:
3231:
3226:
3225:
3221:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3210:
3202:
3199:
3198:
3197:
3196:
3192:
3191:
3189:
3187:
3183:
3175:
3171:
3167:
3164:
3163:
3162:
3161:
3157:
3156:
3154:
3152:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3130:
3114:
3110:
3107:
3106:
3105:
3104:
3100:
3096:
3093:
3092:
3091:
3087:
3083:
3079:
3076:
3075:
3074:
3073:
3069:
3065:
3062:
3061:
3060:
3059:
3054:
3053:Bartonellosis
3051:
3050:
3048:
3046:
3042:
3034:
3031:
3030:
3029:
3028:
3024:
3023:
3021:
3019:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3006:
2994:
2991:
2990:
2989:
2988:
2984:
2980:
2977:
2976:
2975:
2974:
2970:
2966:
2962:
2959:
2958:
2957:
2956:
2951:
2948:
2947:
2945:
2943:
2939:
2923:
2920:
2919:
2918:
2917:
2913:
2912:
2910:
2908:
2904:
2896:
2893:
2892:
2891:
2890:
2886:
2882:
2879:
2878:
2877:
2876:
2872:
2871:
2869:
2867:
2863:
2855:
2853:
2849:
2848:
2847:
2846:
2842:
2838:
2835:
2834:
2833:
2832:
2828:
2824:
2821:
2820:
2819:
2818:
2814:
2810:
2807:
2806:
2805:
2804:
2800:
2796:
2793:
2792:
2791:
2790:
2786:
2782:
2779:
2778:
2777:
2776:
2772:
2768:
2765:
2764:
2763:
2762:
2758:
2754:
2751:
2750:
2749:
2748:
2744:
2740:
2737:
2736:
2735:
2734:
2730:
2729:
2727:
2725:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2710:
2702:
2698:
2694:
2691:
2690:
2689:
2688:
2684:
2680:
2679:Murine typhus
2677:
2676:
2675:
2674:
2670:
2669:
2667:
2665:
2661:
2658:
2655:
2654:Rickettsioses
2649:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2639:Rickettsiales
2636:
2633:
2631:
2627:
2623:
2619:
2612:
2607:
2605:
2600:
2598:
2593:
2592:
2589:
2576:
2573:
2569:
2568:
2564:
2563:
2560:
2556:
2549:
2545:
2544:
2540:
2538:
2534:
2533:
2529:
2527:
2523:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2512:
2508:
2507:
2503:
2499:
2498:
2495:
2490:
2486:
2479:
2470:
2469:
2461:
2459:
2457:
2453:
2448:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2415:
2412:
2406:
2403:
2398:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2383:
2378:
2372:
2370:
2366:
2361:
2355:
2351:
2344:
2341:
2336:
2330:
2326:
2319:
2316:
2311:
2309:1-84415-026-7
2305:
2301:
2294:
2291:
2286:
2280:
2276:
2269:
2266:
2254:
2250:
2244:
2241:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2212:
2205:
2202:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2172:(3): 229â34.
2171:
2167:
2163:
2156:
2153:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2125:
2122:
2117:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2076:
2073:
2068:
2067:
2062:
2056:
2053:
2048:
2044:
2038:
2035:
2024:on 2009-05-06
2023:
2019:
2013:
2009:
2005:
1998:
1995:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1955:
1952:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1920:
1917:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1897:
1894:
1889:
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1863:
1856:
1854:
1850:
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1828:(6): 1538â9.
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1755:
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654:
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441:Burma theatre
438:
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415:photographer
414:
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334:
333:Ciprofloxacin
330:
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294:
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126:
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117:
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112:
108:
105:
104:Gram-negative
101:
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92:
89:is a form of
88:
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67:
64:
63:
58:
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45:
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5121:Malakoplakia
5047:Folliculitis
4971:Unspecified
4943:Lyme disease
4880:Helicobacter
4879:
4854:
4803:
4790:
4777:
4734:
4715:Gonococcemia
4626:
4606:Trench fever
4586:Scrub typhus
4585:
4526:
4447:
4439:
4431:
4391:Buruli ulcer
4360:
4335:
4305:Gas gangrene
4294:
4278:
4252:
4225:
4195:
4120:Helicobacter
4119:
4111:
4097:Peptic ulcer
4089:
4071:
4036:
4024:
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3977:
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3871:Vibrionaceae
3851:
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3193:
3158:
3142:Neisseriales
3101:
3089:
3085:
3078:Trench fever
3070:
3056:
3025:
3018:Brucellaceae
2985:
2971:
2965:Anaplasmosis
2953:
2950:Ehrlichiosis
2914:
2895:Scrub typhus
2894:
2887:
2873:
2851:
2843:
2829:
2815:
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2773:
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2620:-associated
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2257:. Retrieved
2255:. 1943-05-25
2252:
2243:
2218:
2214:
2210:
2204:
2169:
2165:
2155:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2124:
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2085:
2075:
2064:
2055:
2047:the original
2037:
2026:. Retrieved
2022:the original
2007:
1997:
1964:
1960:
1954:
1932:(5): 570â2.
1929:
1925:
1919:
1910:
1906:
1896:
1872:(5): 955â9.
1869:
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1772:
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1732:(9): 947â9.
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1214:
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1173:
1169:
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1126:
1122:
1116:
1094:(4): 425â8.
1091:
1087:
1041:
1037:
1016:the original
995:
991:
981:
973:the original
955:(6): 404â5.
952:
948:
938:
930:the original
912:(3): 207â8.
909:
905:
895:
862:
858:
851:
816:
812:
802:
783:
759:(1): 11â21.
756:
752:
742:
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703:
693:
660:
656:
652:
646:
609:
605:
595:
547:
543:
537:
528:
522:
492:
485:
472:Kokoda Track
445:
433:World War II
422:
410:
385:
379:
373:
353:
350:
329:azithromycin
317:tetracycline
310:
307:
295:
284:
263:dengue fever
260:
251:
247:
236:
234:
223:
217:
200:encephalitis
184:splenomegaly
172:hemorrhaging
167:
149:
137:
131:
118:
97:
86:
83:Scrub typhus
82:
81:
60:
38:Scrub typhus
29:
5126:Pyomyositis
4834:Shigellosis
4804:Pseudomonas
4728:Melioidosis
4694:Oroya fever
4684:Brucellosis
4516:Nocardiosis
4326:Listeriosis
4296:Clostridium
3942:Pseudomonas
3690:Haemophilus
3671:Haemophilus
3626:Yersiniosis
3577:Shigellosis
3281:Melioidosis
3090:B. quintana
3086:B. henselae
3033:Brucellosis
2468:El Mercurio
550:(2): 92â8.
417:George Silk
368:cotton rats
341:miscarriage
337:stillbirths
313:doxycycline
267:paratyphoid
243:Solomon Sea
204:myocarditis
196:Pneumonitis
87:bush typhus
43:Other names
5171:Categories
5014:Paronychia
5009:Cellulitis
4882:cellulitis
4793:cellulitis
4733:Cutaneous
4337:Mycoplasma
4287:Erythrasma
4260:Erysipelas
4251:Cutaneous
4122:cellulitis
3705:H. ducreyi
3692:meningitis
3214:ungrouped:
2907:Flea-borne
2866:Mite-borne
2724:Tick-borne
2543:DiseasesDB
2259:2022-06-21
2141:(1): 1â6.
2028:2008-10-03
514:References
464:New Guinea
325:Rifampicin
192:Leukopenia
170:can cause
133:Rickettsia
5004:Carbuncle
4857:infection
4855:Aeromonas
4849:Chancroid
4773:Tularemia
4737:infection
4719:Gonorrhea
4629:infection
4529:infection
4450:infection
4442:infection
4434:infection
4255:infection
4187:Bacillota
4039:infection
4037:Aeromonas
3944:infection
3859:Tularemia
3711:Chancroid
3483:infection
3465:Slow/weak
3379:Pneumonia
3320:Pertussis
3201:Gonorrhea
2854:infection
2567:eMedicine
2010:. Mosby.
1754:207384950
1644:1469-493X
572:206172576
387:Dora Lush
374:Enormous
304:Treatment
257:Diagnosis
70:Specialty
5187:Zoonoses
5089:Gangrene
5040:Pyoderma
4973:pathogen
4903:Syphilis
4898:Syphilid
4747:Glanders
4552:Gram -ve
4236:Impetigo
4211:Impetigo
4178:Gram +ve
3567:flexneri
3481:Serratia
3295:Glanders
2575:ped/2710
2572:derm/841
2447:12389941
2235:19220144
2196:41165633
2188:10338191
2116:20248030
2086:Br Med J
1989:29646085
1981:11009140
1946:15307429
1888:17123995
1803:10543774
1746:19011809
1711:17638700
1662:30246875
1605:12685633
1560:23316592
1516:18716229
1467:17172374
1426:16968938
1358:24087729
1350:14501995
1276:17205447
1151:44692835
1143:14014756
1068:20207857
1012:18362409
969:17186964
926:16785710
887:25778287
879:16762116
843:16494751
791:Archived
775:11226850
734:27928073
677:11296840
638:29590177
564:18281226
502:See also
479:and the
280:serology
220:chiggers
156:headache
139:Orientia
125:pathogen
5069:Ecthyma
4980:Abscess
4908:Chancre
4824:Q fever
4411:Leprosy
4363:related
3886:Cholera
3832:Q fever
3435:O104:H4
3430:O157:H7
3084:Either
2713:Spotted
2387:297â298
2147:6789455
2107:2053023
1844:9868680
1702:2043199
1653:6485465
1552:8676722
1507:2566087
1385:9185274
1315:8940989
1235:3128129
1200:6809786
1108:9373640
1059:2829893
834:3373100
725:5154431
685:8133110
629:5891077
450:in the
448:Oceania
431:during
397:History
356:vaccine
347:Vaccine
5177:Typhus
5064:Pimple
4839:Plague
4504:Others
4319:Others
3608:Plague
3571:boydii
3563:sonnei
2664:Typhus
2537:D01261
2445:
2393:
2356:
2331:
2306:
2281:
2233:
2194:
2186:
2145:
2114:
2104:
2014:
1987:
1979:
1961:Lancet
1944:
1886:
1842:
1801:
1791:
1752:
1744:
1709:
1699:
1660:
1650:
1642:
1603:
1558:
1550:
1532:Lancet
1514:
1504:
1465:
1424:
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1348:
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1191:272264
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1010:
967:
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885:
877:
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831:
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732:
722:
683:
675:
636:
626:
570:
562:
429:Ceylon
407:Papuan
319:, but
275:eschar
269:, and
230:eschar
214:Causes
202:, and
186:, and
180:eschar
162:, and
123:, its
121:typhus
111:family
91:typhus
4923:Bejel
4918:Pinta
4891:Other
4761:Gamma
4569:Alpha
4005:HACEK
3785:HACEK
3725:HACEK
3236:HACEK
2715:fever
2548:31715
2526:081.2
2511:A75.3
2192:S2CID
1985:S2CID
1794:89570
1750:S2CID
1556:S2CID
1354:S2CID
1147:S2CID
883:S2CID
681:S2CID
568:S2CID
425:Burma
160:cough
152:fever
129:genus
4913:Yaws
4708:Beta
3551:H2Sâ
3517:H2S+
3508:Lacâ
3360:Lac+
2532:MeSH
2521:9-CM
2443:PMID
2391:ISBN
2354:ISBN
2329:ISBN
2304:ISBN
2279:ISBN
2231:PMID
2184:PMID
2143:PMID
2112:PMID
2012:ISBN
1977:PMID
1942:PMID
1884:PMID
1840:PMID
1799:PMID
1742:PMID
1707:PMID
1658:PMID
1640:ISSN
1628:2018
1601:PMID
1548:PMID
1512:PMID
1463:PMID
1422:PMID
1381:PMID
1346:PMID
1311:PMID
1272:PMID
1231:PMID
1196:PMID
1139:PMID
1104:PMID
1064:PMID
1008:PMID
965:PMID
922:PMID
875:PMID
839:PMID
771:PMID
730:PMID
673:PMID
634:PMID
560:PMID
427:and
412:Life
339:and
327:and
174:and
102:, a
3350:OXâ
3088:or
2517:ICD
2502:ICD
2433:doi
2223:doi
2213:".
2174:doi
2102:PMC
2094:doi
1969:doi
1965:356
1934:doi
1874:doi
1830:doi
1789:PMC
1781:doi
1734:doi
1697:PMC
1689:doi
1648:PMC
1632:doi
1591:doi
1540:doi
1536:348
1502:PMC
1494:doi
1453:doi
1412:doi
1338:doi
1303:doi
1262:doi
1223:doi
1186:PMC
1178:doi
1131:doi
1127:112
1096:doi
1054:PMC
1046:doi
1000:doi
957:doi
914:doi
867:doi
863:100
829:PMC
821:doi
761:doi
720:PMC
712:doi
665:doi
624:PMC
614:doi
552:doi
378:in
315:or
109:of
85:or
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1070:.
1048::
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