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103:. During the evening of July 2, John assisted at the medical field station set up for his brothers' regiment, the 20th Maine. John filed a report to the central office, describing the activities of the USCC at Gettysburg. This report is found in Chamberlain's Christian Commission diary, kept during the battle of Gettysburg and is recorded in Edinborough Press' book, Gettysburg and the Christian Commission.
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hospitals, camps, prisons and battlefields. The original plan of the USCC was to help the clergy of the armed services in their daily work, as the chaplaincy program was in its infancy, with only some 30 members, who were quickly overwhelmed by the scale of battles and casualties, and especially by the rapidly increasing number of deaths due to wounds and more so to disease.
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auxiliary to the USCC. Increasing the network of collection, fundraising and support was the way the organization responded to meet a growing demand to serve the soldiers. Annie
Wittenmyer led dozens of female "lady managers" including Mary and Amanda Shelton, to begin diet kitchens in hospitals in the field to help reduce deaths related to poor quality diet in hospitals.
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Though USCC organizers were hesitant to allow women to go into hospital service under the auspices of the
Commission, women found ways to participate. A national movement started in May 1864 with a view to organizing a Ladies Christian Commission in each evangelical congregation of the North as an
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The USCC continued to grow. More than three-quarters of the value of what it collected was distributed during 1864 and the four months of 1865. It represented both citizens' recognition of need and a more efficient organization. The Ladies
Christian Commission (LCC) played a critical role in this
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The YMCA and
Protestant ministers formed the USCC. Its five thousand volunteers ("delegates") included seminary students, but many were just concerned Christians. As civilians on the battlefield, they did not carry weapons. They distributed more than $ 6 million worth of goods and supplies in
123:, who worked as a nurse after serving with the Union Army as a soldier, spy, and as a male nurse under the name "Franklin Thompson." According to an 1868 account, 45 men and 3 women members of the U.S.C.C. died during the Civil War.
76:. Leaders outlined the work needed to support the soldiers, the design for the United States Christian Commission, whose organization was completed next day. Two of the founding members were
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Hovde, David M. "The U. S. Christian
Commission's Library and Literacy Programs for the Union Military Forces in the Civil War",
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418:"The Annals of the United States Christian Commission" by the Rev. Leonard Moss; the "Honored Dead" pp.738-739 published 1868
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42:(USCC) was an organization that furnished supplies, medical services, and religious literature to Union troops during the
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United States
Christian Commission battlefield representatives at their headquarters location in Germantown, Maryland.
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within the Union Army between 1863 and 1865. Converts numbered between 100,000 and 200,000 men.
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46:. It combined religious support with social services and recreational activities. It supplied
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119:, the sister of Jenny Wade, the only civilian killed during the Battle of Gettysburg, and
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Hoisington, Daniel J. "Gettysburg and the
Christian Commission", Edinborough Press, 2002
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Under the Guns: A Woman's
Reminiscences of the Civil War. EB Stillings & Company
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The
Christian Commission was created in response to what the troops suffered in the
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368:""A Melody Before Unknown": the Civil War Experiences of Mary and Amanda Shelton"
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American religious group supporting the Union Army during the
American Civil War
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was among many women who worked with the Commission. Others included
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Richey, Russell E.; Rowe, Kenneth E.; Schmidt, Jean Miller (2010).
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Cannon, M. Hamlin. "The United States Christian Commission",
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has a section which commemorates the work of the Commission.
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This Republic of Suffering: Death and the American Civil War
198:"Annie Wittenmyer and Nineteenth-Century Women's Usefulness"
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Patriotic Toil: Northern Women and the American Civil War
68:. On November 14, 1861, the National Committee of the
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Incidents of the United States Christian Commission
486:, Vol. 24, No. 3 (Summer, 1989). pp. 295–316.
258:"John C. Chamberlain and the Christian Commission"
493:, Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott & Co., 1869
466:Vol. 38, No. 1. (Jun., 1951), pp. 61–80.
338:Yankee Women: Gender Battles in the Civil War
8:
133:The National Civil War Chaplains Museum at
522:"United States Christian Commission"
407:Official U.S. Christian Commission website
324:Official U.S. Christian Commission website
231:, Faith at Gettysburg, accessed 3 Mar 2009
464:The Mississippi Valley Historical Review,
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551:1861 establishments in the United States
229:Stories of the U.S. Christian Commission
281:Gettysburg and the Christian Commission
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431:American Methodism: A Compact History
87:John Calhoun Chamberlain, brother of
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99:, served with the USCC during the
40:United States Christian Commission
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556:United States Sanitary Commission
72:called a convention which met in
366:McDevitt, Theresa (2004-04-01).
177:United States military chaplains
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61:in providing medical services.
57:and collaborated with the U.S.
336:Leonard, Elizabeth D. (1995).
279:Hoisington, Daniel J. (2002).
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355:. EB Stillings & Company.
245:. Cornell University Press.
196:Guinn, Lisa., Lisa (2015).
126:The USCC participated in a
89:Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain
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528:Collier's New Encyclopedia
351:Wittenmyer, Annie (1896).
508:Onward Christian Soldiers
18:U.S. Christian Commission
434:. Nashville, Tennessee:
385:10.17077/0003-4827.10789
215:10.17077/0003-4827.12232
66:First Battle of Bull Run
484:Libraries & Culture
241:Attie, Jeanie (1998).
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472:Faust, Drew Gilpin.
409:, accessed 3 Mar 2009
326:, accessed 3 Mar 2009
283:. Edinborough Press.
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516:. December 22, 2011.
155:United States portal
101:Battle of Gettysburg
260:. Edinborough Press
256:Chamberlain, John.
169:Christianity portal
59:Sanitary Commission
513:The New York Times
372:The Annals of Iowa
202:The Annals of Iowa
135:Liberty University
121:Sarah Emma Edmonds
93:Thomas Chamberlain
44:American Civil War
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489:Smith, Edward P.
445:978-1-4267-4227-9
128:religious revival
117:Georgia McClellan
113:Louisa May Alcott
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