227:
3563:
3320:
3181:
236:
530:
There are no strong isoglosses between
Southern Paiute and Ute for the changes but an increasing level of change, as one moves from Kaibab Southern Paiute (0% of nasal-stop clusters have changed) to Southern Ute (100% of nasal-stop clusters have changed).
476:, although there are no strong isoglosses. The threefold division is primarily one of culture rather than strictly linguistic. There are, however, three major phonological distinctions among the dialects:
3614:
3634:
2308:
1625:
1577:
3358:
3219:
3609:
246:
996:
695:
3604:
445:, there were a little less than two thousand speakers of Colorado River Numic Language in 1990, or around 40% out of an ethnic population of 5,000.
435:. Individual dialects are Chemehuevi, which is in danger of extinction, Southern Paiute (Moapa, Cedar City, Kaibab, and San Juan subdialects), and
3599:
2301:
2262:
2220:
1551:
1522:
1047:
800:
3246:
1618:
3351:
2335:
3212:
403:
347:
311:
1567:
3594:
3567:
3185:
2294:
920:
3375:
1598:
258:
3458:
2182:
3093:
1865:
1642:
1611:
3344:
1273:
3324:
3205:
1155:
962:
656:
614:
213:
2095:
3624:
3544:
3476:
3154:
3049:
1944:
1239:
1119:
679:
2893:
2589:
2576:
2249:
2169:
2136:
1915:
1910:
1674:
1498:. University of California Publications in Linguistics. Vol. 92. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
1250:
1128:
1056:
913:
906:
809:
607:
600:
2829:
2070:
1961:
1297:
1171:
955:
649:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3589:
3264:
2967:
2898:
1666:
1257:
1135:
268:
3397:
2929:
2317:
1851:
927:
621:
2705:
3162:
2665:
2609:
2595:
2440:
2100:
971:
665:
521:
517:
513:
509:
502:
498:
491:
487:
483:
3425:
2854:
2768:
2762:
2750:
2602:
2583:
2256:
2177:
2159:
1936:
1634:
1025:
1018:
729:
722:
420:
129:
2461:
2454:
3384:
3367:
2756:
2736:
2426:
2371:
2144:
3629:
3438:
3228:
3144:
2887:
2743:
2447:
2433:
2416:
2110:
1949:
1889:
1826:
1573:
1215:
3471:
3081:
3028:
2880:
2836:
2729:
2691:
2677:
2656:
2552:
2490:
2090:
2021:
1894:
1781:
738:
2868:
1820:
1538:. Vol. X: Southern Paiute and Ute Linguistics and Ethnography. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
1509:. Vol. X: Southern Paiute and Ute Linguistics and Ethnography. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
3481:
3269:
3098:
2945:
2916:
2903:
2874:
2862:
2822:
2812:
2775:
2630:
2569:
2563:
2497:
2154:
2079:
2052:
1998:
1921:
1874:
1814:
1788:
1735:
1707:
1702:
1690:
1547:
1518:
881:
871:
575:
565:
87:
3539:
3496:
3491:
3466:
3407:
3290:
3139:
3129:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3076:
3044:
3038:
3022:
2986:
2955:
2909:
2798:
2698:
2615:
2511:
2473:
2404:
2390:
2149:
2126:
2105:
2034:
1971:
1766:
1758:
1594:
Collected Works of Edward Sapir, Vol. X: Southern Paiute and Ute
Linguistics and Ethnography
1539:
1510:
988:
866:
861:
687:
560:
555:
365:
324:
294:
17:
1503:
Sapir, Edward (1992) . "Southern Paiute, a
Shoshonean Language". In Bright, William (ed.).
3619:
3486:
3392:
3259:
3134:
3086:
2961:
2923:
2843:
2792:
2723:
2671:
2625:
2543:
2532:
2525:
2518:
2504:
2483:
2379:
2344:
2199:
2194:
2187:
2085:
2040:
1980:
1806:
1795:
1749:
1695:
1651:
1012:
876:
711:
570:
416:
226:
134:
121:
91:
3448:
3274:
3033:
3002:
2974:
2787:
2781:
2718:
2684:
2620:
2558:
2397:
2360:
2353:
2277:
2204:
2006:
1987:
1955:
1381:
838:
829:
777:
768:
761:
457:
472:
The three major dialect groups of
Colorado River are Chemehuevi, Southern Paiute, and
205:
3583:
3512:
3433:
3415:
2996:
2711:
2643:
2636:
2384:
2029:
2011:
1846:
1593:
1533:
1504:
1322:
language, in which words use suffix complexes for a variety of purposes with several
1319:
1197:
1089:
978:
934:
745:
672:
628:
424:
46:
2934:
941:
635:
539:
Consonant and vowel charts for the westernmost and easternmost dialects are given.
453:
1403:
1728:
1588:
1233:
1192:
1113:
1084:
473:
449:
436:
235:
218:
167:
111:
1532:
Sapir, Edward (1992) . "Southern Paiute
Dictionary". In Bright, William (ed.).
1471:. Culture and Language Use. Vol. 3. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing.
1352:
1347:
1287:
1202:
1163:
1094:
441:
428:
95:
76:
60:
439:(Central Utah, Northern, White Mesa, Southern subdialects). According to the
1265:
1143:
1041:
949:
789:
643:
198:
182:
1568:
A Preliminary
Analysis of Southern Ute with a Special Focus on Noun Phrases
2286:
1543:
1514:
189:
1323:
432:
276:
264:
72:
1603:
3336:
2061:
1772:
1310:
Vowels can be long or short. Short unstressed vowels can be devoiced.
900:
594:
461:
272:
68:
3197:
497:
In Ute, nasal-stop clusters have become voiceless geminate stops: Ute
1582:
243:
56:
27:
Dialect chain of the Numic branch of the Uto-Aztecan language family
64:
3340:
3201:
2290:
1607:
448:
The
Southern Paiute dialect has played a significant role in
371:
1589:
OLAC resources in and about the Ute-Southern Paiute language
336:
300:
395:
389:
374:
333:
275:
characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
380:
242:
Chemehuevi is classified as
Critically Endangered by the
3615:
452:, as the background for a famous article by linguist
404:
386:
368:
348:
312:
392:
339:
330:
303:
3532:
3525:
3505:
3457:
3424:
3406:
3383:
3374:
3283:
3245:
3153:
3122:
3069:
3062:
3012:
2984:
2943:
2853:
2810:
2655:
2542:
2471:
2414:
2370:
2343:
2334:
2241:
2213:
2168:
2135:
2119:
2069:
2060:
2051:
2020:
1997:
1970:
1935:
1903:
1882:
1873:
1864:
1839:
1805:
1757:
1748:
1716:
1683:
1659:
1650:
1641:
1585:- 1970s Fieldwork and Analysis by Margaret L. Press
383:
377:
327:
297:
212:
196:
180:
175:
155:
118:
102:
82:
52:
42:
32:
1406:[The psychological reality of phonemes].
1451:Problems in Southern Paiute Syntax and Semantics
3635:Endangered indigenous languages of the Americas
1578:Survey of California and Other Indian Languages
1408:Journal de Psychologie Normale et Pathologique
3352:
3213:
2302:
1619:
8:
854:Consonant phonemes in Southern Ute dialect
3529:
3380:
3359:
3345:
3337:
3220:
3206:
3198:
3066:
2340:
2309:
2295:
2287:
2066:
2057:
1879:
1870:
1754:
1656:
1647:
1626:
1612:
1604:
234:
225:
29:
1460:A Dictionary of the Southern Ute Language
1382:"Ethnologue report for language code:ute"
548:Consonant phonemes in Chemehuevi dialect
1489:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
1318:The Colorado River Numic language is an
1183:
1075:
852:
546:
247:Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger
1453:(PhD dissertation). Indiana University.
1404:"La réalité psychologique des phonèmes"
1335:
1185:Vowel phonemes in Southern Ute dialect
269:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
1368:
2263:List of extinct Uto-Aztecan languages
2221:Nahuatl language in the United States
1570:- also contains phonology information
1432:
1420:
1343:
1341:
1339:
1077:Vowel phonemes in Chemehuevi dialect
552:
154:
7:
482:In Southern Paiute and Ute, initial
1535:The Collected Works of Edward Sapir
1506:The Collected Works of Edward Sapir
3610:Indigenous languages of California
1480:. Banning, CA: Malki Museum Press.
490:'drink' is a verb, other dialects
25:
1496:Chemehuevi, A Grammar and Lexicon
1487:Languages of Native North America
1296:
1272:
1256:
1249:
1238:
1170:
1154:
1134:
1127:
1118:
1055:
1046:
1024:
1017:
995:
977:
970:
961:
954:
940:
933:
926:
919:
912:
905:
837:
828:
808:
799:
776:
767:
760:
744:
737:
728:
721:
694:
678:
671:
664:
655:
648:
634:
627:
620:
613:
606:
599:
508:In Ute, the mid back round vowel
427:that stretches from southeastern
3562:
3561:
3319:
3318:
3180:
3179:
364:
323:
293:
3605:Indigenous languages of Arizona
3600:Indigenous languages of Nevada
1727:(Chemehuevi, Southern Paiute,
1:
1583:A Chemehuevi Language Archive
501:'horse, pet', other dialects
18:Ute-Southern Paiute language
1494:Press, Margaret L. (1979).
3651:
3240:indicate extinct languages
2329:indicate extinct languages
2183:Tehuacan–Zongolica Nahuatl
486:has been lost: Chemehuevi
3557:
3314:
3235:
3175:
2324:
2271:
1485:Mithun, Marianne (1999).
1462:. Ignacio, CO: Ute Press.
1458:Charney, Jean O. (1996).
1449:Bunte, Pamela A. (1979).
1201:
1196:
1191:
1189:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1081:
880:
875:
870:
865:
860:
858:
788:
710:
686:
642:
593:
574:
569:
564:
559:
554:
255:
233:
224:
37:
1476:Laird, Carobeth (1976).
520:'lungs', other dialects
3595:Agglutinative languages
2318:Languages of California
2096:Tlaxcala–Puebla Nahuatl
1358:(subscription required)
3163:American Sign Language
2101:Central Puebla Nahuatl
1402:Sapir, Edward (1933).
423:language family, is a
257:This article contains
2769:Southern Sierra Miwok
2763:Northern Sierra Miwok
2178:Sierra Puebla Nahuatl
2160:Temascaltepec Nahuatl
1635:Uto-Aztecan languages
1544:10.1515/9783110886603
1515:10.1515/9783110886603
1469:Ute Reference Grammar
1467:Givón, Talmy (2011).
460:on the nature of the
456:and his collaborator
3368:Languages of Arizona
3255:Colorado River Numic
3247:Indigenous languages
2757:Central Sierra Miwok
1348:Colorado River Numic
512:has been fronted to
286:Colorado River Numic
143:Colorado River Numic
33:Colorado River Numic
3284:Immigrant languages
3229:Languages of Nevada
3094:Californian Spanish
1670:(including Bannock)
1574:Chemehuevi language
1186:
1078:
855:
549:
357:Ute–Southern Paiute
3625:Ute (ethnic group)
3082:California English
3013:Language isolates
2706:Tule–Kaweah Yokuts
2692:Kings River Yokuts
2678:Buena Vista Yokuts
2091:Tetelcingo Nahuatl
1945:Downriver Guarijio
1184:
1076:
853:
547:
3577:
3576:
3553:
3552:
3521:
3520:
3506:Language isolates
3334:
3333:
3195:
3194:
3171:
3170:
3058:
3057:
2590:Southeastern Pomo
2577:Northeastern Pomo
2284:
2283:
2278:extinct languages
2250:Proto-Uto-Aztecan
2237:
2236:
2233:
2232:
2229:
2228:
2145:Michoacán Nahuatl
2080:Classical Nahuatl
1931:
1930:
1916:Southern Tepehuan
1911:Northern Tepehuan
1860:
1859:
1835:
1834:
1744:
1743:
1732:
1699:
1671:
1553:978-3-11-013543-5
1524:978-3-11-013543-5
1356:(18th ed., 2015)
1326:strung together.
1308:
1307:
1182:
1181:
1069:
1068:
851:
850:
283:
282:
265:rendering support
261:phonetic symbols.
16:(Redirected from
3642:
3565:
3564:
3530:
3381:
3361:
3354:
3347:
3338:
3322:
3321:
3291:American English
3222:
3215:
3208:
3199:
3183:
3182:
3077:American English
3067:
3050:Plains Sign Talk
3015:and unclassified
2830:New River Shasta
2341:
2311:
2304:
2297:
2288:
2150:Coatepec Nahuatl
2127:Huasteca Nahuatl
2111:Ometepec Náhuatl
2106:Guerrero Nahuatl
2067:
2058:
1962:Upriver Guarijio
1880:
1871:
1755:
1726:
1693:
1669:
1657:
1648:
1628:
1621:
1614:
1605:
1576:overview at the
1557:
1528:
1499:
1490:
1481:
1472:
1463:
1454:
1436:
1430:
1424:
1418:
1412:
1411:
1399:
1393:
1392:
1390:
1389:
1378:
1372:
1366:
1360:
1359:
1345:
1300:
1276:
1260:
1253:
1242:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1211:
1187:
1174:
1158:
1138:
1131:
1122:
1108:
1103:
1079:
1059:
1050:
1028:
1021:
999:
981:
974:
965:
958:
944:
937:
930:
923:
916:
909:
895:
890:
856:
841:
832:
825:
812:
803:
796:
780:
771:
764:
757:
748:
741:
732:
725:
718:
698:
682:
675:
668:
659:
652:
638:
631:
624:
617:
610:
603:
589:
584:
550:
523:
519:
515:
511:
504:
500:
493:
489:
485:
411:
407:
402:
401:
398:
397:
394:
391:
388:
385:
382:
379:
376:
373:
370:
351:
346:
345:
342:
341:
338:
335:
332:
329:
315:
310:
309:
306:
305:
302:
299:
249:
238:
229:
208:
192:
185:
124:
30:
21:
3650:
3649:
3645:
3644:
3643:
3641:
3640:
3639:
3590:Numic languages
3580:
3579:
3578:
3573:
3549:
3517:
3501:
3453:
3444:Southern Paiute
3420:
3402:
3370:
3365:
3335:
3330:
3310:
3279:
3265:Northern Paiute
3241:
3231:
3226:
3196:
3191:
3167:
3149:
3118:
3087:Chicano English
3054:
3048:
3014:
3008:
2980:
2968:Southern Patwin
2939:
2899:Northern Paiute
2888:Luiseño-Juaneño
2849:
2806:
2651:
2538:
2467:
2410:
2366:
2330:
2320:
2315:
2285:
2280:
2267:
2225:
2209:
2200:Tabasco Nahuatl
2195:Isthmus Nahuatl
2188:Orizaba Nahuatl
2164:
2131:
2115:
2086:Morelos Nahuatl
2047:
2016:
1993:
1966:
1927:
1899:
1856:
1831:
1827:Luiseño-Juaneño
1801:
1740:
1712:
1679:
1667:Northern Paiute
1637:
1632:
1564:
1554:
1531:
1525:
1502:
1493:
1484:
1478:The Chemehuevis
1475:
1466:
1457:
1448:
1445:
1440:
1439:
1431:
1427:
1419:
1415:
1401:
1400:
1396:
1387:
1385:
1380:
1379:
1375:
1367:
1363:
1357:
1346:
1337:
1332:
1316:
1226:
1221:
1214:
1209:
1106:
1101:
1074:
893:
888:
823:
794:
755:
716:
587:
582:
545:
537:
470:
409:
405:
367:
363:
349:
326:
322:
320:Southern Paiute
313:
296:
292:
263:Without proper
251:
250:
241:
204:
188:
181:
164:Southern Paiute
151:
125:
122:Language family
120:
109:
108:920 (2007)
105:
104:Native speakers
92:Southern Paiute
38:Southern Paiute
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3648:
3646:
3638:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3607:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3582:
3581:
3575:
3574:
3572:
3571:
3558:
3555:
3554:
3551:
3550:
3548:
3547:
3542:
3536:
3534:
3527:
3526:Non-Indigenous
3523:
3522:
3519:
3518:
3516:
3515:
3509:
3507:
3503:
3502:
3500:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3463:
3461:
3455:
3454:
3452:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3430:
3428:
3422:
3421:
3419:
3418:
3412:
3410:
3404:
3403:
3401:
3400:
3398:Western Apache
3395:
3389:
3387:
3378:
3372:
3371:
3366:
3364:
3363:
3356:
3349:
3341:
3332:
3331:
3329:
3328:
3315:
3312:
3311:
3309:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3287:
3285:
3281:
3280:
3278:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3251:
3249:
3243:
3242:
3236:
3233:
3232:
3227:
3225:
3224:
3217:
3210:
3202:
3193:
3192:
3190:
3189:
3176:
3173:
3172:
3169:
3168:
3166:
3165:
3159:
3157:
3151:
3150:
3148:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3126:
3124:
3120:
3119:
3117:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3090:
3089:
3084:
3073:
3071:
3064:
3063:Non-Indigenous
3060:
3059:
3056:
3055:
3053:
3052:
3018:
3016:
3010:
3009:
3007:
3006:
2992:
2990:
2982:
2981:
2979:
2978:
2971:
2964:
2959:
2951:
2949:
2941:
2940:
2938:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2920:
2913:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2884:
2877:
2872:
2865:
2859:
2857:
2851:
2850:
2848:
2847:
2840:
2833:
2826:
2818:
2816:
2808:
2807:
2805:
2804:
2803:
2802:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2773:
2772:
2771:
2766:
2759:
2754:
2747:
2740:
2733:
2721:
2716:
2715:
2714:
2709:
2702:
2695:
2688:
2685:Gashowu Yokuts
2681:
2669:
2661:
2659:
2653:
2652:
2650:
2649:
2648:
2647:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2606:
2599:
2592:
2587:
2580:
2573:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2548:
2546:
2540:
2539:
2537:
2536:
2529:
2522:
2515:
2508:
2501:
2494:
2487:
2479:
2477:
2469:
2468:
2466:
2465:
2458:
2451:
2444:
2437:
2430:
2422:
2420:
2412:
2411:
2409:
2408:
2401:
2394:
2387:
2382:
2376:
2374:
2368:
2367:
2365:
2364:
2357:
2349:
2347:
2338:
2332:
2331:
2325:
2322:
2321:
2316:
2314:
2313:
2306:
2299:
2291:
2282:
2281:
2272:
2269:
2268:
2266:
2265:
2260:
2253:
2245:
2243:
2239:
2238:
2235:
2234:
2231:
2230:
2227:
2226:
2224:
2223:
2217:
2215:
2211:
2210:
2208:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2191:
2190:
2180:
2174:
2172:
2166:
2165:
2163:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2141:
2139:
2133:
2132:
2130:
2129:
2123:
2121:
2117:
2116:
2114:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2075:
2073:
2064:
2055:
2049:
2048:
2046:
2045:
2037:
2032:
2026:
2024:
2018:
2017:
2015:
2014:
2009:
2003:
2001:
1995:
1994:
1992:
1991:
1984:
1976:
1974:
1968:
1967:
1965:
1964:
1959:
1952:
1947:
1941:
1939:
1933:
1932:
1929:
1928:
1926:
1925:
1918:
1913:
1907:
1905:
1901:
1900:
1898:
1897:
1892:
1886:
1884:
1877:
1868:
1862:
1861:
1858:
1857:
1855:
1854:
1849:
1843:
1841:
1837:
1836:
1833:
1832:
1830:
1829:
1824:
1817:
1811:
1809:
1803:
1802:
1800:
1799:
1792:
1785:
1778:
1777:
1776:
1763:
1761:
1752:
1746:
1745:
1742:
1741:
1739:
1738:
1733:
1724:Colorado River
1720:
1718:
1714:
1713:
1711:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1687:
1685:
1681:
1680:
1678:
1677:
1672:
1663:
1661:
1654:
1645:
1639:
1638:
1633:
1631:
1630:
1623:
1616:
1608:
1602:
1601:
1599:Ute Dictionary
1596:
1591:
1586:
1580:
1571:
1563:
1562:External links
1560:
1559:
1558:
1552:
1529:
1523:
1500:
1491:
1482:
1473:
1464:
1455:
1444:
1441:
1438:
1437:
1425:
1413:
1394:
1373:
1371:, p. 542.
1361:
1334:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1315:
1312:
1306:
1305:
1303:
1301:
1294:
1292:
1290:
1284:
1283:
1281:
1279:
1277:
1270:
1268:
1262:
1261:
1254:
1247:
1245:
1243:
1236:
1230:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1212:
1206:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1180:
1179:
1177:
1175:
1168:
1166:
1160:
1159:
1152:
1150:
1148:
1146:
1140:
1139:
1132:
1125:
1123:
1116:
1110:
1109:
1104:
1098:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1073:
1070:
1067:
1066:
1064:
1062:
1060:
1053:
1051:
1044:
1038:
1037:
1035:
1033:
1031:
1029:
1022:
1015:
1009:
1008:
1006:
1004:
1002:
1000:
993:
991:
985:
984:
982:
975:
968:
966:
959:
952:
946:
945:
938:
931:
924:
917:
910:
903:
897:
896:
891:
885:
884:
879:
874:
869:
864:
859:
849:
848:
846:
844:
842:
835:
833:
826:
820:
819:
817:
815:
813:
806:
804:
797:
792:
786:
785:
783:
781:
774:
772:
765:
758:
752:
751:
749:
742:
735:
733:
726:
719:
714:
708:
707:
705:
703:
701:
699:
692:
690:
684:
683:
676:
669:
662:
660:
653:
646:
640:
639:
632:
625:
618:
611:
604:
597:
591:
590:
585:
579:
578:
573:
568:
563:
558:
553:
544:
541:
536:
533:
528:
527:
526:
525:
506:
495:
469:
466:
458:Tony Tillohash
361:Ute-Chemehuevi
281:
280:
267:, you may see
253:
252:
240:
239:
231:
230:
222:
221:
216:
210:
209:
202:
194:
193:
186:
178:
177:
176:Language codes
173:
172:
171:
170:
165:
162:
157:
153:
152:
150:
149:
148:
147:
146:
145:
139:Southern Numic
128:
126:
119:
116:
115:
106:
103:
100:
99:
84:
80:
79:
54:
50:
49:
44:
43:Native to
40:
39:
35:
34:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3647:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3587:
3585:
3570:
3569:
3560:
3559:
3556:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3537:
3535:
3533:Indo-European
3531:
3528:
3524:
3514:
3511:
3510:
3508:
3504:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3464:
3462:
3460:
3459:Yuman-Cochimí
3456:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3431:
3429:
3427:
3423:
3417:
3414:
3413:
3411:
3409:
3405:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3390:
3388:
3386:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3373:
3369:
3362:
3357:
3355:
3350:
3348:
3343:
3342:
3339:
3327:
3326:
3317:
3316:
3313:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3288:
3286:
3282:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3252:
3250:
3248:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3230:
3223:
3218:
3216:
3211:
3209:
3204:
3203:
3200:
3188:
3187:
3178:
3177:
3174:
3164:
3161:
3160:
3158:
3156:
3155:Sign language
3152:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3127:
3125:
3121:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3079:
3078:
3075:
3074:
3072:
3070:Indo-European
3068:
3065:
3061:
3051:
3047:
3046:
3041:
3040:
3035:
3031:
3030:
3025:
3024:
3020:
3019:
3017:
3011:
3005:
3004:
2999:
2998:
2994:
2993:
2991:
2989:
2988:
2983:
2977:
2976:
2972:
2970:
2969:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2957:
2953:
2952:
2950:
2948:
2947:
2942:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2925:
2921:
2919:
2918:
2914:
2912:
2911:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2889:
2885:
2883:
2882:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2870:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2860:
2858:
2856:
2852:
2846:
2845:
2841:
2839:
2838:
2834:
2832:
2831:
2827:
2825:
2824:
2820:
2819:
2817:
2815:
2814:
2809:
2801:
2800:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2783:
2779:
2778:
2777:
2774:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2764:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2752:
2748:
2746:
2745:
2741:
2739:
2738:
2734:
2732:
2731:
2727:
2726:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2713:
2712:Valley Yokuts
2710:
2708:
2707:
2703:
2701:
2700:
2696:
2694:
2693:
2689:
2687:
2686:
2682:
2680:
2679:
2675:
2674:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2667:
2666:Klamath-Modoc
2663:
2662:
2660:
2658:
2654:
2646:
2645:
2641:
2640:
2639:
2638:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2611:
2610:Southern Pomo
2607:
2605:
2604:
2600:
2598:
2597:
2596:Northern Pomo
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2585:
2581:
2579:
2578:
2574:
2572:
2571:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2554:
2550:
2549:
2547:
2545:
2541:
2535:
2534:
2530:
2528:
2527:
2523:
2521:
2520:
2516:
2514:
2513:
2509:
2507:
2506:
2502:
2500:
2499:
2495:
2493:
2492:
2488:
2486:
2485:
2481:
2480:
2478:
2476:
2475:
2470:
2464:
2463:
2459:
2457:
2456:
2452:
2450:
2449:
2445:
2443:
2442:
2438:
2436:
2435:
2431:
2429:
2428:
2424:
2423:
2421:
2419:
2418:
2413:
2407:
2406:
2402:
2400:
2399:
2395:
2393:
2392:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2377:
2375:
2373:
2369:
2363:
2362:
2358:
2356:
2355:
2351:
2350:
2348:
2346:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2319:
2312:
2307:
2305:
2300:
2298:
2293:
2292:
2289:
2279:
2275:
2270:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2258:
2254:
2252:
2251:
2247:
2246:
2244:
2240:
2222:
2219:
2218:
2216:
2212:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2189:
2186:
2185:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2175:
2173:
2171:
2167:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2142:
2140:
2138:
2134:
2128:
2125:
2124:
2122:
2118:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2081:
2077:
2076:
2074:
2072:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2050:
2043:
2042:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2027:
2025:
2023:
2019:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2004:
2002:
2000:
1996:
1990:
1989:
1985:
1983:
1982:
1978:
1977:
1975:
1973:
1969:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1957:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1942:
1940:
1938:
1934:
1924:
1923:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1908:
1906:
1902:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1887:
1885:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1863:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1844:
1842:
1838:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1822:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1812:
1810:
1808:
1804:
1798:
1797:
1793:
1791:
1790:
1786:
1784:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1774:
1770:
1769:
1768:
1765:
1764:
1762:
1760:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1747:
1737:
1734:
1730:
1725:
1722:
1721:
1719:
1715:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1697:
1692:
1689:
1688:
1686:
1682:
1676:
1673:
1668:
1665:
1664:
1662:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1629:
1624:
1622:
1617:
1615:
1610:
1609:
1606:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1575:
1572:
1569:
1566:
1565:
1561:
1555:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1536:
1530:
1526:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1507:
1501:
1497:
1492:
1488:
1483:
1479:
1474:
1470:
1465:
1461:
1456:
1452:
1447:
1446:
1442:
1434:
1429:
1426:
1422:
1417:
1414:
1409:
1405:
1398:
1395:
1383:
1377:
1374:
1370:
1365:
1362:
1355:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1342:
1340:
1336:
1329:
1327:
1325:
1321:
1320:agglutinative
1313:
1311:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1295:
1293:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1271:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1252:
1248:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1231:
1225:
1220:
1217:
1213:
1208:
1207:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1188:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1169:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1151:
1149:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1130:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1111:
1105:
1100:
1099:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1080:
1071:
1065:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1023:
1020:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1003:
1001:
998:
994:
992:
990:
987:
986:
983:
980:
976:
973:
969:
967:
964:
960:
957:
953:
951:
948:
947:
943:
939:
936:
932:
929:
925:
922:
918:
915:
911:
908:
904:
902:
899:
898:
892:
887:
886:
883:
878:
873:
868:
863:
857:
847:
845:
843:
840:
836:
834:
831:
827:
822:
821:
818:
816:
814:
811:
807:
805:
802:
798:
793:
791:
787:
784:
782:
779:
775:
773:
770:
766:
763:
759:
754:
753:
750:
747:
743:
740:
736:
734:
731:
727:
724:
720:
715:
713:
709:
706:
704:
702:
700:
697:
693:
691:
689:
685:
681:
677:
674:
670:
667:
663:
661:
658:
654:
651:
647:
645:
641:
637:
633:
630:
626:
623:
619:
616:
612:
609:
605:
602:
598:
596:
592:
586:
581:
580:
577:
572:
567:
562:
557:
551:
542:
540:
534:
532:
507:
496:
481:
480:
479:
478:
477:
475:
467:
465:
463:
459:
455:
451:
446:
444:
443:
438:
434:
430:
426:
425:dialect chain
422:
418:
414:
413:
400:
362:
358:
354:
353:
344:
321:
317:
316:
308:
291:
288:(also called
287:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
260:
254:
248:
245:
237:
232:
228:
223:
220:
217:
215:
211:
207:
203:
201:
200:
195:
191:
187:
184:
179:
174:
169:
166:
163:
160:
159:
158:
144:
141:
140:
138:
137:
136:
133:
132:
131:
127:
123:
117:
114:(1990 census)
113:
107:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
78:
74:
70:
66:
62:
58:
55:
51:
48:
47:United States
45:
41:
36:
31:
19:
3566:
3443:
3323:
3254:
3237:
3184:
3043:
3037:
3027:
3021:
3001:
2995:
2985:
2973:
2966:
2954:
2944:
2922:
2915:
2908:
2886:
2879:
2867:
2842:
2835:
2828:
2821:
2811:
2797:
2780:
2761:
2751:Plains Miwok
2749:
2742:
2735:
2728:
2704:
2697:
2690:
2683:
2676:
2664:
2642:
2635:
2608:
2603:Central Pomo
2601:
2594:
2584:Eastern Pomo
2582:
2575:
2568:
2551:
2531:
2524:
2517:
2510:
2503:
2496:
2489:
2482:
2472:
2460:
2453:
2446:
2439:
2432:
2425:
2415:
2403:
2396:
2389:
2359:
2352:
2326:
2273:
2257:Proto-Nahuan
2255:
2248:
2078:
2039:
1986:
1979:
1954:
1920:
1819:
1794:
1787:
1780:
1771:
1723:
1534:
1505:
1495:
1486:
1477:
1468:
1459:
1450:
1443:Bibliography
1428:
1416:
1410:(in French).
1407:
1397:
1386:. Retrieved
1384:. Ethnologue
1376:
1364:
1351:
1317:
1309:
538:
529:
471:
454:Edward Sapir
447:
440:
417:Numic branch
360:
356:
319:
289:
285:
284:
256:
197:
142:
112:monolinguals
3426:Uto-Aztecan
2930:Tübatulabal
2855:Uto Aztecan
2737:Coast Miwok
1937:Tarahumaran
1852:Tübatulabal
1694:(including
1369:Mithun 1999
824:glottalized
756:glottalized
450:linguistics
421:Uto-Aztecan
271:instead of
130:Uto-Aztecan
3630:Chemehuevi
3584:Categories
3385:Athabaskan
3376:Indigenous
3145:Vietnamese
2744:Lake Miwok
2441:Purisimeño
2372:Athabaskan
2336:Indigenous
1950:Tarahumara
1433:Givón 2011
1421:Press 1979
1388:2009-06-13
1353:Ethnologue
1330:References
1314:Morphology
543:Consonants
442:Ethnologue
429:California
415:), of the
161:Chemehuevi
88:Chemehuevi
77:New Mexico
61:California
3472:Havasupai
3029:Chimariko
2881:Kitanemuk
2837:Okwanuchu
2730:Bay Miwok
2699:Palewyami
2553:Chimariko
2498:Ramaytush
2491:Chochenyo
2462:Ventureño
2455:Barbareño
2417:Chumashan
2276:indicate
1895:Pima Bajo
1782:Kitanemuk
1324:morphemes
1222:unrounded
1210:unrounded
1102:unrounded
950:fricative
644:fricative
535:Phonology
199:Glottolog
183:ISO 639-3
83:Ethnicity
3568:Category
3482:Maricopa
3477:Hualapai
3325:Category
3270:Shoshoni
3186:Category
3099:Armenian
2917:Tataviam
2904:Panamint
2875:Kawaiisu
2863:Cahuilla
2823:Konomihu
2657:Penutian
2631:Kumeyaay
2570:Atsugewi
2564:Achomawi
2427:Obispeño
2155:Pochutec
2120:Huasteca
2022:Corachol
1922:Tepecano
1904:Tepehuan
1866:Southern
1815:Cahuilla
1789:Tataviam
1736:Kawaiisu
1717:Southern
1708:Timbisha
1703:Comanche
1691:Shoshoni
1643:Northern
494:'drink'.
468:Dialects
433:Colorado
277:Help:IPA
206:utes1238
156:Dialects
73:Colorado
3545:Spanish
3540:English
3497:Yavapai
3492:Quechan
3467:Cocopah
3439:Oʼodham
3306:Chinese
3301:Tagalog
3296:Spanish
3238:Italics
3140:Tagalog
3130:Chinese
3114:Russian
3109:Punjabi
3104:Persian
3045:Takelma
3039:Salinan
3023:Esselen
2956:Nomlaki
2946:Wintuan
2910:Serrano
2813:Shastan
2799:Nisenan
2776:Maiduan
2616:Kashaya
2512:Awaswas
2448:Ineseño
2434:Cruzeño
2405:Wailaki
2391:Mattole
2327:Italics
2274:Italics
2242:History
2170:Eastern
2137:Western
2071:Central
2062:Nahuatl
2053:Aztecan
2035:Huichol
1890:Oʼodham
1875:Tepiman
1773:Vanyume
1767:Serrano
1696:Gosiute
1684:Central
1660:Western
1227:rounded
1216:rounded
1198:central
1107:rounded
1090:central
901:plosive
882:glottal
872:palatal
595:plosive
576:glottal
566:palatal
503:/puŋku/
499:/pukku/
462:phoneme
419:of the
273:Unicode
69:Arizona
3620:Paiute
3487:Mojave
3408:Tanoan
3393:Navajo
3260:Mojave
3135:Korean
2987:Yukian
2962:Patwin
2924:Tongva
2869:Cupeño
2844:Shasta
2793:Konkow
2672:Yokuts
2626:Mojave
2533:Chalon
2526:Rumsen
2519:Mutsun
2505:Tamyen
2484:Karkin
2474:Ohlone
2380:Tolowa
2041:Cazcan
1999:Cahita
1981:Eudeve
1972:Opatan
1821:Cupeño
1796:Tongva
1759:Serran
1550:
1521:
1072:Vowels
989:rhotic
894:labial
867:dental
862:labial
688:rhotic
588:labial
561:dental
556:labial
522:/soo-/
518:/söö-/
516:: Ute
488:/hivi/
244:UNESCO
98:(2007)
86:6,200
57:Nevada
53:Region
3449:Yaqui
3275:Washo
3123:Asian
3034:Karuk
3003:Wappo
2975:Wintu
2788:Maidu
2782:Chico
2724:Miwok
2719:Wintu
2621:Washo
2559:Karuk
2544:Hokan
2398:Cahto
2361:Yurok
2354:Wiyot
2345:Algic
2214:Other
2205:Pipil
2007:Yaqui
1988:Opata
1956:Tubar
1883:Pimic
1840:Other
1807:Cupan
1750:Takic
1652:Numic
1193:front
1085:front
1042:glide
1013:nasal
889:plain
877:velar
795:plain
790:glide
717:plain
712:nasal
583:plain
571:velar
492:/ivi/
408:-mih-
359:, or
352:-yoot
135:Numic
3513:Zuni
3434:Hopi
3416:Tewa
2997:Yuki
2894:Mono
2644:Yahi
2637:Yana
2385:Hupa
2030:Cora
2012:Mayo
1847:Hopi
1675:Mono
1548:ISBN
1519:ISBN
1234:high
1203:back
1114:high
1095:back
412:-vee
406:CHEH
314:YOOT
94:and
65:Utah
2935:Ute
1729:Ute
1540:doi
1511:doi
1350:at
1288:low
1266:mid
1164:low
1144:mid
514:/ö/
510:/o/
484:/h/
474:Ute
437:Ute
431:to
410:WAY
350:PIE
337:juː
301:juː
290:Ute
259:IPA
219:Ute
214:ELP
190:ute
168:Ute
110:20
96:Ute
3586::
3042:,
3036:,
3032:,
3026:,
3000:,
1546:.
1517:.
1338:^
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935:kʷ
921:tʃ
839:jˀ
830:wˀ
778:ŋˀ
769:nˀ
762:mˀ
746:ŋʷ
673:ɣʷ
629:kʷ
615:ts
464:.
390:eɪ
372:tʃ
355:,
334:aɪ
318:,
90:,
75:,
71:,
67:,
63:,
59:,
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1542::
1527:.
1513::
1435:.
1423:.
1391:.
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1251:ɯ
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1136:u
1129:ɯ
1120:i
1057:j
1048:w
1026:n
1019:m
997:ɾ
972:ɣ
963:s
956:β
942:ʔ
928:k
914:t
907:p
810:j
801:w
739:ŋ
730:n
723:m
696:ɾ
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666:ɣ
657:s
650:β
636:ʔ
622:k
608:t
601:p
524:.
505:.
399:/
396:i
393:v
387:w
384:ˈ
381:ɪ
378:m
375:ɛ
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298:ˈ
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