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17:
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Emanuel Valk (1697-1732): The Sodomy Trial of a
Preacher in Eighteenth-Century Holland: A Dossier (Michael Lombardi-Nash, ed. and trans.) in Gedenkschrift Celebrating the Bicentennial Birthday Anniversary of Karl Heinrich Ulrichs. Unpublished,
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102:, Josua Wils. A number of men, including a Zacharias Wilsma, were arrested and interrogated. Their confessions indicated the presence of networks and meeting places of homosexuals elsewhere in the Republic. In July of the same year,
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followed suit and a nationwide wave of prosecutions ensued; several men in high positions were suspected, but fled before they could be arrested. In
Utrecht, some forty men were tried, of whom 18 were convicted and
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gained a second meaning as a slang term to denote homosexuals (first attested in a dictionary of 1861), esp. among students. In common usage, though, it is still used as a demonym, alongside the alternative
311:
Römer, L. S. A. M. von. (2006). Uranism in The
Netherlands up to the nineteenth century with special emphasis on the numerous persecutions of uranians in 1730: A historic and bibliographic study. In M.
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316:(Trans. & Ed.), Sodomites and urnings: Homosexual representations in classic German journals. Binghamton, NY: The Harrington Park Press, pp. 127–219. (Original work published 1906)
212:, commemorating the deaths of the persecuted sodomites, and telling that the terminology has changed to homosexuality, and the city wants its women and men to live their lives in freedom.
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The ruins of the Dom Church's nave had for years been a meeting place for homosexuals when, in April 1730, the city authorities started an investigation at the request of the Dom's
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The city of
Utrecht has decided to confront this reputation for persecution. The Dom Square was once a place where, in the ruins of the middle nave of the church, gay
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123:. Protestant preachers supported the purge, using among other things the aforementioned shipworm in the Dutch dikes as evidence of God's wrath against homosexuals.
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111:. Death by strangling was the most common punishment for homosexual acts in the Dutch Republic, but other punishments during the 1730–31 purge included
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used the occasion to persecute his political enemies. He had a total of 22 people sentenced to death and executed, after two more had died at the
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232:, with the latter being the preferred term in newspapers, while Utrechtenaar is more common on the internet (as of 2004).
488:'Dien godlosen hoop van menschen'. Vervolging van homoseksuelen in de Republiek in de jaren dertig van de achttiende eeuw
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in a barrel of water. The convicts' remains were either burnt, cast into the sea or buried under the
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23:. Engraving depicting the Dutch massacre of sodomites. Published in Amsterdam, 1731.
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Sodoms zaad in
Nederland: het ontstaan van homoseksualiteit in de vroegmoderne tijd
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Several waves of prosecution followed during the eighteenth century: in 1764 (
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Riskante relaties: vijf eeuwen homoseksualiteit in
Nederland, 1233-1733
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Timely punishment depicted as a warning to godless and damnable sinners
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83:'s nave in 1674 due to an intense storm now thought to have been a
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Writ summoning accomplices to sodomy. Amsterdam, 1 September 1730.
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91:. These circumstances had readied the minds of the Dutch for
264:. Pamphlet by the Reverend Henricus Carolinus van Bijler,
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Of the trials outside of
Utrecht, those in the village of
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Peter
Murrell: "Sin and Sodomy in the Dutch East Indies"
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Homosexuality in
Eighteenth-Century England: A Sourcebook
396:"Newspaper Reports: The Dutch Purge of Homosexuals, 1730"
75:. Several disasters had hit the country: the flooding of
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took place. Since 1999 it has hosted a stone, named the
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As of 1730, the Dutch
Republic had just experienced an
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Sexual orientation and the military of the Netherlands
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in 1730. Over the following year, the persecution of "
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153:to comment that "this is properly described as a
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87:and the earthquake of 1692 were all ascribed to
533:"Story in depth, 1730: Dutch Sodomite Massacre"
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304:, a Dutch sailor who in 1725 was marooned on
284:watches the sodomites being uncovered, while
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490:(in Dutch). Amsterdam: De Bataafsche Leeuw.
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700:Persecution of LGBT people in Europe
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426:(in Dutch). Hilversum: Verloren.
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690:LGBT history in the Netherlands
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593:Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten
220:As a result of the trials, the
157:(...) rather than a hysterical
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165:Earlier and later persecutions
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288:rain down in the background.
134:acquired particular infamy.
177:). As noted in the case of
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505:Theo van der Meer (1995).
308:as a punishment for sodomy
43:, starting in the city of
37:persecution of homosexuals
33:Utrechtse sodomieprocessen
685:History of Utrecht (city)
477:63.6: (July 2013): 10-17
531:Andrew Wikholm (2008).
345:Louis Crompton (2003).
39:that took place in the
420:D. J. Noordam (1995).
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35:) were a large-scale
29:Utrecht sodomy trials
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539:on 25 December 2008.
453:(18 November 2004).
394:(17 November 2011).
615:Amsterdam Gay Pride
486:L. J. Boon (1997).
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130:in the province of
71:were threatened by
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325:References
159:witch-hunt
81:Dom Church
266:Groningen
230:Utrechter
175:The Hague
171:Amsterdam
132:Groningen
109:strangled
100:sacristan
65:epizootic
49:sodomites
296:See also
206:cruising
136:Grietman
128:Zuidhorn
117:drowning
85:bow echo
77:Stavoren
73:shipworm
31:(Dutch:
645:History
608:Culture
282:Justice
268:, 1731.
222:demonym
183:Batavia
121:gallows
113:hanging
104:Holland
59:History
45:Utrecht
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155:pogrom
320:2019.
290:1730.
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143:Faan
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