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89:. A cairn was set up in 1864 demarking the new border, but when in 1865 Umtonga again fled from Zululand to Natal, Cetywayo, seeing that he had lost his part of the bargain (for he feared that Umtonga might be used to supplant him as Mpande had been used to supplant Dingane), caused the cairn to be removed. This became the "Disputed Land" that led in part to the
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Then Mpande's son
Umtonga asserted himself, but in turn felt the wrath of Cetshwayo. In 1861 after Cetshwayo ordered the deaths of his half-brothers, sons of Mpande's favorite wife Nomantshali; Umtonga took the hint and fled to northwest Zululand, which under agreements of 1852 and 1854 made by
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was rife, even during his lifetime; he lived until 1872. Although uHamu was the eldest son of Mpande, he was not favored by his father, and Zulu succession would be determined by whose mother was eventually selected as Mpande's "Great Wife". Mpande first favored
Umtonga, then groomed
77:. Cetshwayo offered the Boers an additional strip of land along the border if they would surrender his brother, but they did so under the condition that Cetshwayo wouldn't kill him. Mpande signed a deed making over the land to the Boers. The southern boundary of that strip ran from
138:. In retribution, Cetshwayo subsequently sent an army unit to destroy the Ngenetsheni villages and cattle, thus setting the stage for the Third Zulu Civil War of 1883–1884.
130:) until 1879. In late 1878, uHamu opened negotiations with the British hoping to get their support for his taking the Zulu throne. In March 1879, he joined
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In order to forestall his rivals, chief among whom were his half brothers
Umtonga and uHama, Cetshwayo invited the British, in the person of
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The
Washing of the Spears: A History of the Rise of the Zulu Nation Under Shaka and Its Fall in the Zulu War of 1879
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and the death of
Mbuyazi, and several of Mpande's other sons. At this point, if not sooner, Cetshwayo became the
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uHamu fought alongside
Cetshwayo. He remained a member of the Zulu royal council (
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Terrific
Majesty: The Powers of Shaka Zulu and the Limits of Historical invention
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Diamonds, Gold, and War: The
British, the Boers, and the Making of South Africa
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By The Orders Of The Great White Queen: An
Anthology of Campaigning in Zululand
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king, although King Mpande continued the ceremonial duties.
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was a better choice. This rivalry led in 1856 to the
387:Discovering the Battlefields of the Anglo-Zulu War
295:Meredith, Martin (2008). "The Washing of Spears".
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119:. He maintained his stronghold at kwaMfemfe.
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284:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
255:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
327:Laband, John (2009). "Ngenetsheni people".
51:to succeed him, but finally decided that
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356:Laband, John (2009). "Hamu kaNzibe".
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