262:. Dunn gathered a small group of thirty-five Natal Border Police with an additional force of about a hundred native hunters. Mbuyazi's own forces totaled 7,000 warriors. Cetshwayo was seen by many as the rightful heir, so warriors flocked to his support, which numbered between 15,000 and 20,000 men. The guns of the colonials could only help Mbuyazi up to a point, as their numbers were too few to overcome such a large enemy force, but he was not discouraged. Mbuyuzi remembered that Mpande's general
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Mbuyazi was Mpande's second son by a widow of Shaka. The higher status was Mpande's justification that the elder
Cetshwayo should be bypassed. At a sacrifice of an ox, the point was made known when Mpande ordered that the shields to be made from the hide would have the best side used for Mbuyazi. An
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Mpande was inconsolable and resentful, and when
Cetshwayo presented all the captured iziGqoza cattle to his father, Mpande refused and ordered Cetshwayo to leave. He left without any retaliation to the rejection and bided his time until the natural death of his father in 1872. Cetshwayo was crowned
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In the aftermath of the battle the uSuthu faction slaughtered, with their assegais, every iziGqoza they could find, including the women and children. The justification for this act was that women bore warriors and children grow up. It is estimated that 20,000 people were killed and the mouth of the
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pointed out to Mpande that this meant he was renouncing
Cetshwayo as rightful heir. Mpande retorted that when he was a commoner he had fathered Mbuyazi on behalf of Shaka, and that now as king the significance of that birth would be recognized by being Mpande's successor. The public consequences of
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Mbuyazi's forces had their backs to the kingdom's border along the bank of the lower Tugela River, the latter filled by the seasonal rains that swelled the river into a torrent. Mbuyazi had his warriors burn a line in the grass which would serve as a marker of no further retreat as they pledged to
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there would aid
Mbuyazi in the conflict with Cetshwayo. Mbuyazi set out with his followers, families and cattle, leaving the Ifafa Hills and headed south. Cetshwayo believed that it was the time to act decisively and mobilised his forces. He intended to remove this threat to his succession to the
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John Dunn and his forces were to the left of
Mbuyazi’s and escaped by means of a boat waiting on the Natal boundary of the river; it was said that escaping Mbuyazi forces were refused a place on the boat. Very quickly, the battle turned into the slaughter of all Mbuyazi’s surviving followers.
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Zulu kingship, starting the Second Zulu Civil War. In response to this mobilization, in mid-November 1856 Mbuyazi and his forces fled further south toward the Tugela River and Natal, with the hope that he would receive asylum there. Cetshwayo's forces followed.
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who far outnumbered the iziGqoza. Mbuyazi's army was overwhelmed. Mbuyazi and five of his siblings were killed. Others were swept away by the river when they attempted escape. Mpande's aging general
Nongalaza, barely swam to safety.
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John Dunn later negotiated with
Cetshwayo for the return of settler property captured after the battle. He later became an important advisor to Cetshwayo and an influential intermediary between the Zulus, Boers and British.
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Cetshwayo's first attack failed, giving heart to the
Mbuyazi forces after they repelled it. But Cetshwayo had enough reserves for a second attack. Cetshwayo's inner circle of supporters were then sent in, along with the
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supported
Cetshwayo, but Mpande favoured his next-eldest son Mbuyazi. Previous kings had succeeded to the throne through bloody means, and Mpande's successor would face the same trial.
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control of the kingdom, though his father remained king. Mbuyazi's followers, including five other sons of King Mpande, were massacred in the aftermath of the battle.
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Inheritance and succession in Zulu society followed complex rules, but stated simply, the first-born son of a chief's "great wife" was the
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Mbuyazi had far fewer supporters than
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that action were realized when Mpande ordered Mbuyazi to move his supporters, the iziGqoza faction, to the south of the
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Tugela river where the bodies washed up began to be referred to as the Mathambo ("place of bones")
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in raids in 1851. Cetshwayo's followers adopted the name and wore a headdress, known as an
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Cetshwayo was the eldest son of the King Mpande kaSenzangakhona. Many of the
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The Zulu Aftermath: A Nineteenth-Century Revolution in Bantu Africa
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Knight Ian (ND) In Every Way His Own King: The Life of John Dunn.
372:. Johannesburg, South Africa: Jonathan Ball Publishers. pp.
357:. Evanston, Illinois: Northwestern University Press. p. 30.
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Taylor, Stephen (1994) Shaka’s Children. Harper Collins London.
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In 1856, Mpande granted Mbuyazi land just north of the lower
434:. Marine Parade, South Africa: Emoyeni Books. p. 47.
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The Eight Zulu Kings: From Shaka to Goodwill Zwelithini
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The Anatomy of The Zulu Army: From Shaka to Cetshwayo
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had supplanted his half-brother and presumptive heir
471:. Craighall, South Africa: Ad. Donker. p. 42.
431:The House of Shaka: The Zulu Monarchy Illustrated
403:named after the Sotho cattle captured from the
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560:Battlefields Route KwaZulu Natal: Ndondakusuka
543:Knight, Ian (1989) The Zulus. Osprey, London.
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160:over 20,000 (including non-combatants)
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495:Labland, John (2009). "Nongalaza".
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88:Decisive Cetshwayo/uSuthu victory
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349:Omer-Cooper, John D. (1966).
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315:Theophilus Shepstone
523:Knight, Ian (1995)
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289:Mandlakazi
278:The battle
194:Background
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264:Nongalaza
260:John Dunn
180:Cetshwayo
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321:See also
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