31:
123:; Bishop Mackenzie died there of the disease on 31 January 1862, along with many local people and three others among the tiny missionary party. Early conversion efforts from this base yielded little result, and supplies ran out or were destroyed during a period of famine. The mission then withdrew from the area, abandoning the graves of the missionaries who had died there, and, though it established a new presence in Zanzibar, many years passed before it returned to Malawi.
144:. The mission's early work in Zanzibar substantially involved caring for and schooling children rescued from slavery, and establishing a settlement - Mbweni, founded 1871 - for these released slaves to live in. On Christmas Day, 1873, the foundation stone of Christ Church was laid in the grounds of the former slave market, closed only six months earlier. It was completed in time for Christmas 1880 and a mass celebrated there.
161:
179:, who pursued the mission's aim of returning to establish a presence at Lake Nyasa. Rather than attempting the arduous river navigation that had doomed the first mission, they set out for Lake Malawi this time overland, developing a network of mission stations toward the lake. Prominent among these were the stations at
195:
kingdom, was ruled out by the suspicious
Kilindi chief. The site for the mission village at Masasi was reportedly chosen by African converts whom the missionaries were attempting to lead back to the homes from which they had been captured by slavers: though sure that the site was not their original
94:
The society's foundation was inspired by lectures that
Livingstone gave on his return from Africa in 1857. Though named to reflect its university origins, from the outset it welcomed contributions from wellwishers unaffiliated to those institutions. The society had two major goals: to establish a
248:(now Zambia). It then pursued missionary work in these four areas throughout the first half of the twentieth century, offering medical provision and education as well as religious instruction and services. It played a prominent role in twentieth-century church history, with bishops including
224:
let the idea die. Although Hine was willing to raise
African clergy to the rank of archdeacon, when he left this was abandoned too, and the highest rank any African reached in the UMCA missions before independence in 1961 was that of honorary canon. However, Majaliwa's grandson
290:
Postcolonial historians' analyses of the UMCA have both praised its efforts to raise
European humanitarian concern about slavery in East Africa and criticised the paternalistic attitudes toward Africans it continued to perpetuate, especially early in its history.
211:
Another of
Smythies's commitments was to the principle that Africa be converted and ministered by African priests, and he made many improvements to the arrangements for their teaching at Kiungani, ordaining the first local African priests. The first of these was
511:
139:
in 1864. Here they enjoyed much greater success, receiving a cordial welcome from the island's Arab and
African residents, and establishing a number of operations, including a mission school, St Andrew's at
990:
264:, who joined the UMCA as an archdeacon and became the second Bishop of Likoma before drowning on the lake. The UMCA later commissioned a boat that bore his name, as they had with Charles Janson before.
287:. The two organizations merged in 1965. The combined organisation celebrated the UMCA's 150th anniversary by emphasising the continuing importance of global fellowship and mission for its members.
284:
216:, who worked at Chitangali in the Ruvuma Mission for eleven years, and made many converts. Smythies considered making Majaliwa bishop of the Ruvuma district, but his successors
975:
200:, first reached the lake in 1884; Janson died there, but he lent his name to a ship the UMCA commissioned for use in ministering around the lake. which Steere's successor,
995:
208:, in the lake, of a mission station, and then of an entire new diocese with its own bishop and its own cathedral, St Peter's, is still standing in the 21st century.
965:
463:"The nature of a mission community: the Universities' Mission to Central Africa in Bonde: the mission in African history - Bonde in what is now Tanzania"
74:
tradition of the Church, and the first to devolve authority to a bishop in the field rather than to a home committee. Founded in response to a plea by
890:
654:
913:
244:
The organisation continued to work out of its bases on
Zanzibar, Likoma, and on the Tanzanian mainland until 1910, when it commenced work also in
401:
923:
815:
970:
877:, Office of the Universities' Mission to Central Africa, 9, Dartmouth Street, Westminster, London SW1 (1902) (now at the UCLA Library
664:
560:
411:
249:
370:
221:
878:
980:
348:
338:
310:, "Tractarianism on the Zambesi: Bishop Mackenzie and the Beginnings of the Universities' Mission to Central Africa",
230:
217:
467:
960:
374:
104:
238:
437:"Bodleian Library of Commonwealth and African Studies at Rhodes House: Universities' Mission to Central Africa"
197:
168:
59:
30:
343:
67:
196:
home, they said it resembled it enough to settle. Via these routes, two missionaries, Charles Janson and
768:
462:
201:
838:
124:
63:
55:
234:
204:, was able to use to travel widely through Africa on mission work. He oversaw the establishment on
985:
945:
619:
611:
595:
919:
811:
803:
660:
530:
407:
265:
245:
141:
75:
603:
472:
253:
148:
came to the
Zanzibar Mission in 1878 and later came to consider it home. Here she created a
145:
808:
Three
Centuries of Mission: The United Society for the Propagation of the Gospel 1701-2000
545:
149:
112:
51:
319:
Sisters in Spirit: Christianity, Affect, and
Community Building in East Africa, 1860-1970
103:
To advance these goals, it sought to send a mission led by a bishop into Central Africa;
307:
280:
261:
226:
213:
164:
71:
954:
623:
493:
378:
257:
205:
176:
115:. This first expedition was more or less disastrous. The area chosen as a base, near
35:
160:
127:, Mackenzie's successor, deemed the mission's early years "a miserable failure".
78:, the society established the mission stations that grew to be the bishoprics of
116:
47:
476:
515:
95:
mission presence in Central Africa, and to actively oppose the slave trade.
83:
498:
Darkness or Light: a history of the Universities' Mission to Central Africa
436:
941:
187:: Magila had been chosen after an initial site the mission had sought at
136:
79:
371:"Records of the Universities Mission to Central Africa - Collection 160"
615:
192:
120:
108:
283:, and at a time when the UMCA was increasingly collaborating with the
891:"USPG celebrates 150 years of Universities Mission to Central Africa"
184:
180:
135:
Mackenzie's successor, Bishop Tozer, relocated the society's base to
86:(later Malawi), and pioneered the training of black African priests.
607:
302:
The History of the Universities’ Mission to Central Africa 1859-1909
17:
942:
Historical resources on the Universities' Mission to Central Africa
304:, 5th ed. (London: Universities' Mission to Central Africa, 1909).
159:
107:
was duly consecrated in 1860 and led an expedition in 1861 up the
29:
596:"Kickin' it: leisure, politics and football in colonial Zanzibar"
326:
The UMCA in Malawi. A History of the Anglican Church 1861 - 2010
256:. Other notable Europeans among its staff included the novelist
188:
271:, built in 1899, is believed to be the oldest ship in Africa.
229:
became a bishop 1980 and the third African Archbishop of the
709:
The History of the Universities' Mission to Central Africa
285:
Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts
562:
The Story of the Universities' Mission to Central Africa
314:, vol. LXVII, no. 3, (September 1997), pp. 298–323.
991:
Christian organizations established in the 19th century
875:
Where Black meets White: The Little History of the UMCA
500:. Universities’ Mission to Central Africa. p. 91.
403:
History of the Universities' Mission to Central Africa
321:(East Lansing: Michigan State University Press, 2017).
918:. University of California Press. pp. 125, 133.
864:, Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, 1901
279:The society's centenary fell amid a context of
8:
976:Religious organizations established in 1857
175:In 1874, Tozer was succeeded as bishop by
996:1857 establishments in the British Empire
810:, Bloomsbury Publishing, pp. 335ff,
802:Moriyama, Jermone T. (1 November 2000),
456:
454:
431:
429:
427:
425:
423:
27:Former Anglo-Catholic missionary society
862:Chauncy Maples, Second Bishop of Likoma
365:
363:
359:
44:Universities' Mission to Central Africa
966:Church of England missionary societies
540:
539:
528:
50:society established by members of the
839:"Tanzania's Augustino Ramadhani dead"
707:Anderson-Morshead, Anne (1859–1909).
152:that served many women and children.
7:
893:. Christian Today. November 27, 2007
488:
486:
767:Clough, Juliet (6 November 2004).
233:in 1984. John Ramadhani's brother
25:
837:Conger, George (28 April 2020),
769:"Hidden Depths - Africa, travel"
400:Wilson, George Herbert (1971).
804:"Building a home-grown Church"
512:"Mackenzie, Charles Frederick"
461:Willis, Justin (August 1993).
312:Anglican and Episcopal History
1:
806:, in O'Connor, Daniel (ed.),
119:(Lake Malawi), proved highly
912:Prestholdt, Jeremy (2008).
349:Chama Cha Mariamu Mtakatifu
339:Anglican Church of Tanzania
231:Anglican Church of Tanzania
54:within the universities of
1012:
971:Church of England missions
659:. Footprint. p. 563.
594:Fair, Laura (March 1997).
300:A.E.M. Anderson-Morshead,
516:Cambridge Alumni Database
239:Chief Justice of Tanzania
565:. Saunders. p. 267.
218:William Moore Richardson
198:William Percival Johnson
171:, missionaries with UMCA
169:William Percival Johnson
915:Domesticating the world
721:Wilson (1971) pp. 35–41
373:. Billy Graham Center,
328:(Zomba: Kachere, 2010).
70:. It was firmly in the
38:, was built by the UMCA
679:Keable (1912) p.117-18
653:Hodd, Michael (2002).
559:Rowley, Henry (1867).
477:10.1093/past/140.1.127
344:Christianity in Malawi
317:Andreana C. Prichard,
172:
46:(c.1857 - 1965) was a
39:
202:Charles Alan Smythies
191:, the capital of the
163:
33:
792:Keable (1912) p. 140
656:East Africa Handbook
584:Keable (1912); p. 97
575:Keable (1912); p. 94
981:History of Zanzibar
757:Keable (1912) 134-6
730:Wilson (1971) p. 42
697:Keable (1912) p.119
643:Keable (1912) p.104
406:. Ayer. p. 3.
324:James Tengatenga,
241:from 2007 to 2010.
235:Augustino Ramadhani
34:St Peter's Church,
946:Project Canterbury
860:E. Hermitage-Day,
468:Past & Present
173:
40:
961:Anglo-Catholicism
925:978-0-520-25424-4
817:978-1-4411-3552-0
748:Keable (1912) 112
538:External link in
381:on 30 August 2008
246:Northern Rhodesia
105:Charles Mackenzie
76:David Livingstone
16:(Redirected from
1003:
930:
929:
909:
903:
902:
900:
898:
887:
881:
873:Gertrude Frere,
871:
865:
858:
852:
851:
850:
849:
834:
828:
827:
826:
824:
799:
793:
790:
784:
783:
781:
779:
764:
758:
755:
749:
746:
740:
737:
731:
728:
722:
719:
713:
712:
704:
698:
695:
689:
686:
680:
677:
671:
670:
650:
644:
641:
635:
634:
632:
630:
591:
585:
582:
576:
573:
567:
566:
556:
550:
549:
543:
542:
541:|publisher=
536:
534:
526:
524:
522:
508:
502:
501:
490:
481:
480:
458:
449:
448:
446:
444:
433:
418:
417:
397:
391:
390:
388:
386:
377:. Archived from
367:
254:John Edward Hine
222:John Edward Hine
146:Miss Annie Allen
131:Zanzibar mission
21:
1011:
1010:
1006:
1005:
1004:
1002:
1001:
1000:
951:
950:
938:
933:
926:
911:
910:
906:
896:
894:
889:
888:
884:
872:
868:
859:
855:
847:
845:
836:
835:
831:
822:
820:
818:
801:
800:
796:
791:
787:
777:
775:
773:The Independent
766:
765:
761:
756:
752:
747:
743:
738:
734:
729:
725:
720:
716:
706:
705:
701:
696:
692:
687:
683:
678:
674:
667:
652:
651:
647:
642:
638:
628:
626:
608:10.2307/1161443
593:
592:
588:
583:
579:
574:
570:
558:
557:
553:
537:
527:
520:
518:
510:
509:
505:
492:
491:
484:
460:
459:
452:
442:
440:
435:
434:
421:
414:
399:
398:
394:
384:
382:
375:Wheaton College
369:
368:
361:
357:
335:
297:
295:Further reading
277:
158:
133:
113:Shire Highlands
101:
92:
52:Anglican Church
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1009:
1007:
999:
998:
993:
988:
983:
978:
973:
968:
963:
953:
952:
949:
948:
937:
936:External links
934:
932:
931:
924:
904:
882:
866:
853:
829:
816:
794:
785:
759:
750:
741:
732:
723:
714:
699:
690:
681:
672:
665:
645:
636:
586:
577:
568:
551:
503:
494:Keable, Robert
482:
450:
439:. Mundus.ac.uk
419:
412:
392:
358:
356:
353:
352:
351:
346:
341:
334:
331:
330:
329:
322:
315:
308:C. Brad Faught
305:
296:
293:
281:decolonisation
276:
273:
268:Chauncy Maples
262:Chauncy Maples
227:John Ramadhani
214:Cecil Majaliwa
165:Chauncy Maples
157:
154:
150:Zenana Mission
132:
129:
100:
97:
91:
88:
72:Anglo-Catholic
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1008:
997:
994:
992:
989:
987:
984:
982:
979:
977:
974:
972:
969:
967:
964:
962:
959:
958:
956:
947:
943:
940:
939:
935:
927:
921:
917:
916:
908:
905:
892:
886:
883:
879:
876:
870:
867:
863:
857:
854:
844:
840:
833:
830:
819:
813:
809:
805:
798:
795:
789:
786:
774:
770:
763:
760:
754:
751:
745:
742:
739:Keable (1912)
736:
733:
727:
724:
718:
715:
710:
703:
700:
694:
691:
688:Wilson (1971)
685:
682:
676:
673:
668:
666:1-900949-65-2
662:
658:
657:
649:
646:
640:
637:
625:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
590:
587:
581:
578:
572:
569:
564:
563:
555:
552:
547:
532:
517:
513:
507:
504:
499:
495:
489:
487:
483:
478:
474:
470:
469:
464:
457:
455:
451:
438:
432:
430:
428:
426:
424:
420:
415:
413:0-8369-6601-5
409:
405:
404:
396:
393:
380:
376:
372:
366:
364:
360:
354:
350:
347:
345:
342:
340:
337:
336:
332:
327:
323:
320:
316:
313:
309:
306:
303:
299:
298:
294:
292:
288:
286:
282:
274:
272:
270:
269:
263:
260:, and bishop
259:
258:Robert Keable
255:
251:
247:
242:
240:
236:
232:
228:
223:
219:
215:
209:
207:
206:Likoma Island
203:
199:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
177:Edward Steere
170:
166:
162:
155:
153:
151:
147:
143:
138:
130:
128:
126:
122:
118:
114:
110:
106:
99:First mission
98:
96:
89:
87:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
37:
32:
19:
914:
907:
895:. Retrieved
885:
874:
869:
861:
856:
846:, retrieved
843:Anglican Ink
842:
832:
821:, retrieved
807:
797:
788:
776:. Retrieved
772:
762:
753:
744:
735:
726:
717:
708:
702:
693:
684:
675:
655:
648:
639:
627:. Retrieved
599:
589:
580:
571:
561:
554:
519:. Retrieved
506:
497:
466:
441:. Retrieved
402:
395:
383:. Retrieved
379:the original
325:
318:
311:
301:
289:
278:
267:
250:Frank Weston
243:
210:
174:
134:
125:Bishop Tozer
102:
93:
43:
41:
955:Categories
848:2020-07-17
355:References
117:Lake Nyasa
48:missionary
986:Nyasaland
624:144692953
237:, became
156:Expansion
111:into the
84:Nyasaland
60:Cambridge
531:cite web
496:(1912).
333:See also
142:Kiungani
137:Zanzibar
121:malarial
80:Zanzibar
897:19 July
823:18 July
778:19 July
629:19 July
616:1161443
521:20 July
443:19 July
385:19 July
193:Kilindi
109:Zambezi
90:Origins
922:
814:
663:
622:
614:
600:Africa
410:
275:Legacy
185:Masasi
181:Magila
68:Dublin
66:, and
64:Durham
56:Oxford
36:Likoma
944:from
620:S2CID
612:JSTOR
920:ISBN
899:2009
825:2020
812:ISBN
780:2009
661:ISBN
631:2009
546:help
523:2009
445:2009
408:ISBN
387:2009
252:and
220:and
189:Vuga
183:and
167:and
82:and
42:The
18:UMCA
604:doi
473:doi
266:SS
957::
841:,
771:.
618:.
610:.
602:.
598:.
535::
533:}}
529:{{
514:.
485:^
471:.
465:.
453:^
422:^
362:^
62:,
58:,
928:.
901:.
880:)
782:.
711:.
669:.
633:.
606::
548:)
544:(
525:.
479:.
475::
447:.
416:.
389:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
