History of Monopoly - Knowledge (XXG)

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new candidates gets the most votes. The potential tokens were a robot, a helicopter, a cat, a guitar or a diamond ring. Neither the biplane nor the piggy bank from the 1998 vote are being considered this time. Early on February 6, it was announced that the iron would be retired for having received the fewest votes, and the cat would be replacing it, having received the most votes. Starting in February 2013, the US discount chain Target began selling a "Golden Token" set with the eight classic tokens and all five candidates. Special editions with the thirteen golden tokens have also been released in the UK and France. The first Monopoly game to have the new token lineup was released in June 2013. In 2015, the game celebrated its 80th anniversary with eight tokens from each decade in a special edition.

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values that are still in use today. Ruth taught it to a group of local Quakers. It has been argued that their greatest contribution to the game was to reinstate the original Lizzie Magie rule of "buying properties at their listed price" rather than auctioning them, as the Quakers did not believe in auctions. Another source states that the Quakers simply "didn't like the noise of the auctioneering". Among the group taught the game by Hoskins were Eugene Raiford and his wife, who took a copy of the game with Atlantic City street names to Philadelphia. Due to the Raifords' unfamiliarity with streets and properties in Philadelphia, the Atlantic City-themed version was the one taught to Charles Todd, who in turn taught Esther Darrow, wife of

1313:-based quiz challenge were selected to compete, rather than one state champion for each of the 50 states. The tournaments are now typically held every six years. In the past, the US edition Monopoly board was used at the World championship level, while national variants are used at the national level. Since true international play began in 1975, no World champion has come from the US, still considered the board game's "birthplace". However, Dana Terman, two-time US Champion, placed second at the 1980 World Championship, Richard Marinaccio, the 2009 US Champion, placed third at the 2009 World Championship, and Brian Valentine, the 2015 US Representative, placed third at the 2015 World Championship. 1146:

with a plastic slip case. Also starting in 2005, various "Here & Now" editions were released in multiple countries. The first release of this edition was for the UK market, and its success led to the selection of properties for a US edition by online vote. The most popular properties were released on the US "Here & Now" edition board in 2006. This, in turn, led to a worldwide "Here & Now" edition (released in 2008), along with other national editions (including a second UK "Here and Now" edition) with properties selected by online vote. The main principle of the "Here & Now" editions was "What if Monopoly had been invented today?"

660:. George Parker himself rewrote many of the game's rules, insisting that "short game" and "time limit" rules be included. On the original Parker Brothers board (reprinted in 2002 by Winning Moves Games), there were no icons for the Community Chest spaces (the blue chest overflowing with gold coins came later) and no gold ring on the Luxury Tax space. Nor were there property values printed on spaces on the board. The Income Tax was slightly higher (being $ 300 or 10%, instead of the later $ 200 or 10%). Some of the designs known today were implemented at the behest of George Parker. The 2646:" (now "Mr. Monopoly") reaching out from the second "O" in the word Monopoly. To commemorate the game's 50th anniversary in 1985, the company commissioned artist Lou Brooks to redesign and illustrate the main logo as a red street sign-like banner, as well as the character Rich Uncle Pennybags reaching out of the "O". Brooks was also hired at the time to develop and illustrate the game's special "Commemorative Edition" embossed tin box packaging. The art was also carried over onto the more traditional cardboard game box which was revised for the anniversary. 1227:, giving the game a graphic redesign, as well as returning it to a round shape, which had not been seen since some of Darrow's 1930s custom-made sets. The game includes "bank cards" and keeps track of players' assets electronically, as was introduced in the "Electronic Banking Edition" earlier in the decade. The game also features clear plastic playing pieces for movers, and electronic sound effects, triggered by certain events (for instance, a "jail door slam" sound effect when a player goes to jail). 7406: 758:

be associated with a game. The game last appeared in a pre-World War II Schmidt Spiele catalog in 1938. A German edition with "generic" street and train station names (i.e., not recognizable as any single German city) did not appear until 1953. The 1936 German edition, with the original cards and the recognizable Berlin locations, was reprinted in 1982 by Parker Brothers and again in 2003 (in a wooden box), and 2011 (in a red metal tin) by

2614: 897:. Mr. Darrow's claim to the title, based on Monopoly, U.S. parlor craze of 1936, was last week reinforced when Parker Brothers began to distribute his second invention for idle hands. The new Darrow game is Bulls & Bears. Success of Monopoly, which was last week estimated to be in its sixth million and selling faster than ever, gave Bulls & Bears a pre-publication sale of 100,000, largest on record for a new game. 214: 774:, and major changes in the rules. This was for compliance under Italian law of the period. Italian publishers Editrice Giochi produced the game in Italy until 2009, having held a unique licensing agreement from Parker Brothers and their own copyright dating back to 1935/1936. As of 2009, Hasbro has taken over the publishing of the game in Italy, but have also, for now, kept the Milan-based properties. 1165:-branded debit cards and a debit card reader for monetary transactions, instead of paper bills. This edition is available in the UK, Germany, France, Australia and Ireland. A version was released in the US in 2007, albeit without the co-branding by Visa. An electronic counter had been featured in the Stock Exchange editions released in Europe in the early 2000s (decade), and is also a feature of the 555: 1190:

colors on the GO space from red to black, increasing the Luxury Tax to $ 100 (from $ 75), and changing some Community Chest and Chance cards. The changes in these four areas made the US standard edition more uniform with the UK and modern European editions. In 2009, Winning Moves Games introduced "The Classic Edition", with a pre-2008 game board and cards, re-inclusion of the "

333: 543: 3929: 387:, included named streets as part of the patent application (the games published in 1910 based on her first patent did have named streets, but they had not been mentioned in the 1903 application). Magie sought to regain control over the plethora of hand-made games. For her 1924 edition, a couple of streets on the board were named after 683:, Robert Barton held a second meeting with Charles Darrow in Boston. Darrow admitted that he had copied the game from a friend's set, and he and Barton reached a revised royalty agreement, granting Parker Brothers worldwide rights and releasing Darrow from legal costs that would be incurred in defending the origin of the game. 1297:, the French publishers of Monopoly) weighed the options of starting the final game over and delaying the chartered plane that would take them home from Iceland vs allowing the game to stand with the error but allowing them to make their flight. In the end, the judges upheld the result of the game with the error uncorrected. 420:, and began playing the game with friends there, ultimately producing hand-made versions of the board based on streets of that city. Layman then commercially produced and sold the game, starting in 1932, with a friend in Indianapolis, who owned a company called Electronic Laboratories. This game was sold under the name 704: 2039: 144:

was not settled until 1985. The game's name remains a registered trademark of Parker Brothers, as do its specific design elements; other elements of the game are still protected under copyright law. At the conclusion of the court case, the game's logo and graphic design elements became part of a larger

2688:, which also included collectible game tokens. Other licenses have been issued for clothing and accessories, including a line of bathroom accessories. Licensee Winning Moves Games also had a Monopoly Calculator that could be used as a standard calculator, or used to aid in transactions during a game. 2537:

ruled in favor of Professor Anspach, with an opinion that agreed with the facts about the game's history and differed from Parker Brothers' "official" account. The court also upheld a "purchasing motivation" test (described in the decision as a "Genericness Doctrine"), a "test by which the trademark

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edition in Braille is published in 1973. Also in 1973, as the Atlantic City Commissioner of Public Works considered name changes for Baltic and Mediterranean Avenues, fans of the board game, with support from the president of Parker Brothers, successfully lobbied for the city to keep the names. After

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due to the game's "Jewish-speculative character". It is also alleged that the real reason behind the Nazi denouncement was because high-ranking Nazis (i.e. Goebbels, again) lived on streets whose names appeared as those sections of the game board given the highest property values, and did not want to

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By 1982, tournaments in the United States featured a competition between tournament winners in all 50 states, competing to become the United States Champion. National tournaments were held in the US and UK the year before World Championships through 2003–2004 but during the same year as of 2009 (see

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Champion, names Pierre Milet, representing France, as the European Champion. One of the reasons there may be differing accounts of the eventual winner is attributable to a minor controversy with the final game. According to Parker Brothers' Randolph "Ranny" P. Barton, an error was made by one of the

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page on Facebook in a campaign called "Save Your Token", Hasbro took votes from the public to make another permanent change in the lineup of game tokens. The token with the lowest number of "Save Your Token" votes will be retired, and replaced with one of five other tokens, depending on which of the

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A 65th Anniversary Edition was released in a variation of the white box in 2000. In 2001, the European Edition is reissued, correcting the mistake of the 1999 printing, and correctly listing Bern as the capital of Switzerland. In 2005, a 70th Anniversary Edition was released in a silver-metallic tin

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and attempted to sell it as his personal invention. They rejected it in a letter dated May 31, 1934. After Darrow sent the game to Parker Brothers later in 1934, they rejected the game as "too complicated, too technical, took too long to play". Darrow received a rejection letter from the firm dated

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boards. Darrow's game board designs included elements later made famous in the version eventually produced by Parker Brothers, including black locomotives on the railroad spaces, the car on "Free Parking", the red arrow for "Go", the faucet on "Water Works", the light bulb on "Electric Company", and

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trademark to the company but retaining the ability to use it under license. Anspach received compensation for court costs and the destroyed copies of his game, as well as unspecified damages. He was allowed to resume publication with a legal disclaimer. Anspach later self-published a book about his

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In addition to permanently adding the speed die in 2008, Hasbro also instituted further changes to the United States standard edition of the board, including making Mediterranean and Baltic Avenues a brown color group, making the Income Tax space a flat $ 200 (removing the 10% option), changing the

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After the war, sales went from 800,000 a year to over one million. The French and German editions re-entered production, and new editions for Spain, Greece, Finland and Israel were first produced. By the late 1950s, Parker Brothers printed only game sets with board, pieces and materials housed in a

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was first marketed on a broad scale by Parker Brothers in 1935. A Standard Edition, with a small black box and separate board, and a larger Deluxe Edition, with a box large enough to hold the board, were sold in the first year of Parker Brothers' ownership. These were based on the two editions sold

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became one of the first board games to use a "continuous path", without clearly defined start and end spaces on its board. Another innovation in gameplay attributed to Magie is the concept of "ownership" of a place on a game board, such that something would happen to the second (or later) player to

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and first published the previous year. Anspach began to research the game's history, and argued that the copyrights and trademarks held by Parker Brothers should be nullified, as the game came out of the public domain. Among other things, Anspach discovered the empty 1933 Charles B. Darrow file at

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is a special case, having been originally produced by Winning Moves in the UK, and resold by USAopoly within the US. A third license was awarded in 2000 by Hasbro to Winning Solutions, Inc., which produces specialty deluxe editions mostly for sale by specialized retailers. Other licensed localized

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Various manufacturers of the game have created dozens of officially licensed versions, in which the names of the properties and other elements of the game are replaced by others according to the game's theme. The first such license was awarded in 1994, to the company that became USAopoly, starting

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champions against the UK champion and thus could be argued as the first international tournament, true multinational international tournaments were first held in 1975. Both authors (Orbanes and Brandreth) agree that John Mair was the first true World Champion, as decided in tournament play held in

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license to Parker Brothers/General Mills by Waddingtons). By 1974, Parker Brothers had sold 80 million sets of the game. In 1975, another anniversary edition was produced, but this edition came in a cardboard box looking much like a standard edition. Parker Brothers was under management by General

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In 1936, Parker Brothers published four further editions along with the original two: the Popular Edition, Fine Edition, Gold Edition, and Deluxe Edition, with prices ranging from US$ 2 to US$ 25 in 1930s money. After Parker Brothers began to release its first editions of the game, Elizabeth Magie

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board game. Through the research of Anspach and others, much of the early history of the game was "rediscovered" and entered into official United States court records. Because of the lengthy court process, including appeals, the legal status of Parker Brothers' copyright and trademarks on the game

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in 2006, Hasbro adopted the same blue version of the speed die into a special "Speed Die Edition" of the game. By 2008, the die, now red, became a permanent addition to the game, though its use remains optional there. In 2009's "Championship Edition", use of the speed die is mandatory, as it also

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is cited as the board game played most often and most duplicated via hand made copies in the former German Democratic Republic. One official version of the game was printed for the Soviet Union by Parker Brothers in 1988. After the Cold War ended, official editions have been published throughout

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Collector Albert C. Veldhuis features a map on his "Monopoly Lexicon" website showing which versions of the game were remade and distributed in other countries, with the Atlantic City, London, and Paris versions being the most influential. After World War II, homemade games would sometimes appear

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It was in Indianapolis that Ruth Hoskins, a Quaker teaching at Earlham College, learned the game, and took it back to Atlantic City. After she arrived, Hoskins made a new board with Atlantic City street names and railroads. A group member Jesse Raiford, Eugene Raiford's brother, set the property

430:). Layman soon sold his rights to the game, which was then licensed, produced and marketed by Knapp Electric. The published board featured four railroads (one per side), Chance and Community Chest cards and spaces, and properties grouped by symbol, rather than color. Also in 1932, one edition of 1300:

Victor Watson and Ranny Barton began holding tournaments in the UK and US, respectively. World Champions were declared in the United States in 1973 and 1974 (and are still considered official World Champions by Hasbro). While the 1973 tournament, the first, matched three United States regional

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In March 1999, Hasbro announced that the winner was the sack of money (with 51 percent of the vote, compared to 29 percent for the biplane and 20 percent for the piggy bank). Thus, the sack of money became the first new token added to the game since the early 1950s. In 1999, Hasbro renamed the

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In early 1935, however, the company heard about the game's excellent sales during the Christmas season of 1934 in Philadelphia and at F.A.O. Schwarz in New York City. Robert Barton, President of Parker Brothers, contacted Darrow and scheduled a new meeting in New York City. On March 18, Parker

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was patented, and some hand-made boards were made, it was not actually manufactured and published until 1906. Magie and two other Georgists established the Economic Game Company of New York, which began publishing her game. Magie submitted an edition published by the Economic Game Company to

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trademark, and the court returned the case to Judge Williams. Williams heard the case again in 1980, and in 1981 he again held for Parker Brothers. Anspach appealed again, and in August 1982 the appeals court again reversed. The case was then appealed by General Mills/Parker Brothers to the

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in 1931, and published an article about the game's early history in the UK in 1975. Raiford had helped Ruth Hoskins produce the early Atlantic City games. Even Daniel Layman was interviewed, and Darrow's widow was deposed. The presiding judge, Spencer Williams, originally ruled for Parker

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in 2003 gave credit only to Darrow and none to Elizabeth Magie or any other contributors, erroneously stating that Magie's original game was created in the 19th century and not acknowledging any of the game's development between Magie's creation of the game and the eventual publication by

603:. Copeland continued sales of the latter game after Parker Brothers attempted a patent lawsuit against him. Parker Brothers held the Magie and Darrow patents, but settled with Copeland rather than going to trial, since Copeland was prepared to have witnesses testify that they had played 579:

by Darrow to repeat his statements to the contrary, and thus bolster their claim to the game. Parker Brothers subsequently decided to buy out Magie's 1924 patent and the copyrights of other commercial variants of the game to claim that it had legitimate undisputed rights to the game.

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game, success at either game gets the winning player a "free taxi ride to any space on the board" or "out of jail free", respectively. A new, customizable edition called "U-Build" is also released. Later in 2010, for the 75th anniversary of the game's publication, Hasbro released

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around 1926. Daniel W. Layman, in turn, learned the game from the Thun brothers (who later tried to sell copies of the game commercially, but were advised by an attorney that they could not patent it, as they were not its inventors). Layman later returned to his hometown of

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were owned, and included "chips" to indicate improvements on properties. Magie again approached Parker Brothers about her game, and George Parker again declined, calling the game "too political". Parker is, however, credited with urging Magie to take out her 1924 patent.

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in 1975, calling it an end to "steady progress" and an impediment to progress. Several authors who have written about the board game have noted many of the "house rules" that have become common among players, although they do not appear in Parker Brothers' rules sheets.

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eastern Europe by Parker, Tonka and Hasbro. Hungary was the first, in 1992, followed by the Czech Republic and Poland in 1993, Croatia in 1994, Slovenia in 1996, Romania and a new edition for Russia in 1997, and Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Slovakia, all in 2001.

2521:. As the case went to trial in November 1976, Anspach produced testimony by many involved with the early development of the game, including Catherine and Willard Allphin, Dorothea Raiford and Charles Todd. Willard Allphin attempted to sell a version of the game to 2332:

and Help on Board. These are done for smaller cities, sometimes as charity fundraisers, and some have been created for college and university campuses. Others have non-geographical themes such as Wine-opoly and Chocolate-opoly. There is also a version called

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mascot "Mr. Monopoly", and released Star Wars: Episode I, Pokémon and Millennium editions of Monopoly. A second European edition is released in 1999, this time using the Euro as currency, but incorrectly listing Geneva as the capital of Switzerland.

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All items stamped with the red MONOPOLY logo also feature the word "Brand" in small print. In the mid-1980s, after the success of the first "collector's tin anniversary edition" (for the 50th anniversary), an edition of the game was produced by the

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brand, licensed by Parker Brothers' parent companies onto a variety of items through the present day. Despite the "rediscovery" of the board game's early history in the 1970s and 1980s, and several books and journal articles on the subject,

185:, have been published by Hasbro or its licensees. In 2008, Hasbro permanently changed the color scheme and some of the gameplay of the standard US Edition of the game to match the UK Edition, although the US standard edition maintains the 1172:

The Mega Edition has been expanded to include fifty-two spaces (with more street names taken from Atlantic City), skyscrapers (to be played after hotels), train depots, the 1000 denomination of play money, as well as "bus tickets" and a

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October 19, 1934. During this time, the "52 design errors" story was invented as a reason why Parker rejected Monopoly, but this has more recently been proven to be part of the Parker-invented "creation myth" surrounding the game.

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International tournaments, first held in the early 1970s, continue to the present, although no national tournaments or world championships have been held since 2015. Starting in 1985, a new generation of spin-off board games and

2676:(first introduced in 1998, six models had been made by 2000, and over 20 by 2005). The slots were named "Most Innovative Gaming Product in 1999 and voted "most popular" in 2001. The brand has also been licensed onto instant-win 2554:

With the trademark nullified, the name "Monopoly" entered the public domain, where the naming of games was concerned, and a profusion of non-Parker-Brothers variants were published. Parker Brothers and other firms lobbied the

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Parker Brothers created a few accessories and licensed a few products shortly after it began publishing the game in 1935. These included a money pad and the first stock exchange add-on in 1936, a birthday card, and a song by

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trademark back to Parker Brothers, and Hasbro now owns it. Anspach's game remains in print. The previous publishers were a company called Talicor, but the game is currently distributed and sold by University Games worldwide.

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in escaping from German camps. However, this story has come under recent scrutiny and is being disputed. Among the points of dispute is that there are no existing examples and no one who claims to have used or even seen one.

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the question marks on the "Chance" spaces, though many of the actual icons were created by a hired graphic artist. While Darrow received a copyright on his game in 1933, its specimens have disappeared from the files of the

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and related companies through the rest of the 20th century, and into the 21st. Several people, mostly in the midwestern United States and near the East Coast of the United States, contributed to its design and evolution.

2551:, which decided not to hear the case in February 1983, and denied a petition for rehearing in April. This allowed the appeals court's decision to stand and further allowed Anspach to resume publication of his game. 575:

Brothers bought Darrow's game, helped him take out a patent on it, and purchased his remaining inventory. By April, 1935, the company had learned that Darrow was not the sole inventor of the game, but sought out an

7563: 6722: 348:. The auctioning part of the game came through a rule that auctioned any unowned property to all game players when it was first landed on. This rule was later dropped by the Quakers, and in the current game of 7597: 7578: 5492: 765:

Waddington licensed other editions from 1936 to 1938, and the game was exported from the UK and resold or reprinted in Switzerland, Belgium, Australia, Chile, The Netherlands, and Sweden. In Italy, under the

5642: 297:, began using the game as a teaching tool in his classes. His students made their own boards, and taught the game to others. After Nearing was dismissed from the Wharton School, he began teaching at the 734:"trunk call" to Parker Brothers, the first such call made or received by either company. This impressed Parker Brothers sufficiently that Waddington was granted licensing rights for Europe and the then- 1198:"theme packs" entered the retail market, including the Dog Lovers and Sports Fans editions, which include customized money, replacements for houses and hotels, and custom tokens, without a board. 7592: 5258: 7573: 93:

was developed from 1906 through the 1930s that involved the buying and selling of land and the development of that land. By 1933, a board game already existed much like the modern version of

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See H.R. 4460, and S. 1440, United States Congress, First Session, 1983, H.R. 6285 and S. 1990, 98th United States Congress, Second Session, 1984. This was signed into Public Law 98-620, by

1280:, the same site as the 1972 World Chess Championship. Accounts differ as to the eventual winner: Philip Orbanes and Victor Watson name John Mair, representing Ireland and the eventual World 7204: 5227: 953:

Marathon Records Documentation Committee in New York City. In addition to marathon sessions, games were played on large indoor and outdoor boards, within backyard pits, on the ceiling in a

3096: 599:, designed by Rudy Copeland and published by the Thomas Sales Co., in Fort Worth, Texas, also came to the attention of Parker Brothers management in the 1930s, after they began sales of 238:

enriched property owners and impoverished tenants. She knew that some people would find it hard to understand the logic behind the idea, and she thought that if the rent problem and the

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an auction takes place only when an unowned property is not purchased outright by the player that first lands on it. That same decade, the game became popular around the community of

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Unofficial versions of the game, which share some of the same playing features, but also incorporate changes so as not to infringe on copyrights, have been created by firms such as

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is officially published in 27 languages, and has been licensed by them in 81 countries. In 2013, Hasbro stated that the game is now available in 43 languages and 111 countries.

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naming the winner of the 1999 United States Monopoly Championship, and referring to game's mascot as Mr. Monopoly. Release dated October 19, 1999 archived at The Free Library

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was first published in 1990. Kenner Parker Tonka was acquired by Hasbro in 1991. An all-Europe edition was published by Parker Brothers in 1991 for the nations of the then

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property names. Hasbro also modified the official logo to give the "Mr. Monopoly" character a 3-D computer-generated look, which has since been adopted by licensees

5445: 5426: 2280:, among others. In 1995, a second license was awarded to Winning Moves Games in Massachusetts. Winning Moves has produced a new board game and card games based on 5639: 929:. The game remained in print for a time even in the Netherlands, as the printer there was able to maintain a supply of paper. Elizabeth Magie's second patent on 595:

would be redeveloped, updated, and continued to be sold by Parker Brothers into the 1970s. Other board games based on a similar principle, such as a game called

470:. After the demand for the game increased, Darrow contacted a printing company, Patterson and White, which printed the designs of the property spaces on square 2642:

case, Kenner Parker Toys began to seek trademarks on the design elements of Monopoly. It was at this time that the game's main logo was redesigned to feature "

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website as recently as June 2012, nor did they acknowledge anyone other than Darrow in materials published or sponsored by them, at least as recently as 2009.

2344:, official computer and video game versions have been made available on many platforms. In addition to the versions listed above, they have been produced for 801:

in Austria in about 1981. The Waddingtons edition was imported into The Netherlands starting in 1937, and a fully translated edition first appeared in 1941.

5442: 5423: 937:. The game itself remained popular during the war, particularly in camps, and soldiers playing the game became part of the product's advertising in 1944. 3080: 2031:

and Germany, among others. By 1982, Parker Brothers stated that the game "has been translated into over 15 languages...". In 2009, Hasbro reported that

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was first released in 1998 that allowed for one human player against up to three player-selected or randomly chosen AI "personalities" out of five. A

360:. Another former student of Scott Nearing, Thomas Wilson, taught the game to his cousin, Charles Muhlenberg, around 1915–1916. The original patent on 242:

solution to it were put into the concrete form of a game, it might be easier to demonstrate. She was granted the patent for the game in January 1904.

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Nicolò Falcone of Italy defeated players from 27 countries plus the defending champion in the 2015 World Championship held at The Venetian resort in

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before Darrow's "invention" of the game. The court settlement allowed Copeland to license Parker Brothers' patents. Other agreements were reached on

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Orbanes, Philip. "Monopoly Memories", booklet, published in 2002 by Winning Moves Games. Included with the reproduction of the 1935 Parker Brothers

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land on the same space, without the first player's piece still being present. A copy of Magie's game that she had left at the Georgist community of

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At the start of World War II, both Parker Brothers and Waddington stockpiled materials they could use for further game production. During the war,

153:(which became Parker Brothers' parent company) did not acknowledge any of the game's history prior to Charles Darrow's involvement on its official 7201: 5224: 6948: 2172:

to be their first two CD-ROM games. The Monopoly CD-ROM game also allowed for play over the Internet. CD-ROM versions of the officially licensed

5915: 5661: 7177: 5086: 730:. Watson and his son Norman tried the game over a weekend, and liked it so much that Waddington took the (then extraordinary) step of making a 2576:

Parker Brothers/Hasbro now claims trademark rights to the name and its variants, and has asserted it against others such as the publishers of

1194:" token, and a plain MONOPOLY logo in the center of the board, with neither the 1985 or 2008 version of "Mr. Monopoly" present. Also in 2009, 7342:– Film detailing the early history of the game with interviews including Phil Orbanes, Randolph Barton, Victor Watson, and Charles Darrow II. 4653: 4429: 4404: 4312: 3845: 3062: 2915: 326: 5887: 5180: 4604: 6786: 6176:

10-Q Quarterly Report for Hasbro, filed November 15, 1995. A launch date of October 25, 1995 for Hasbro Interactive is given in the report.

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game had been localized for the cities or areas in which it was played, and Parker Brothers has continued this practice. Their version of

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in the United States. Winning Moves also produces official localized editions of the game in the UK, France, Germany and Australia. The

2144: 313:. Apart from commercial distribution, it spread by word of mouth and was played in slightly variant homemade versions over the years by 6091: 4581: 3342: 2959: 2467:

included his own section of variations, and Maxine Brady noted a few in her preface. Authors Noel Gunther and Richard Hutton published

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Kenner was combined with Parker Brothers and spun off as Kenner Parker Toys in 1985. Regular and Deluxe 50th Anniversary editions of

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season, sales picked up again, and continued a resurgence. In early 1937, as Parker Brothers was preparing to release the board game

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Monopoly: An American Icon exhibit at the National Museum of Play at The Strong, including a round hand-made set by Darrow from 1933

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Brothers/General Mills in 1977, allowing the Monopoly trademark to stand, and allowing the companies to destroy copies of Anspach's

459: 368:. Charles Muhlenberg and his wife, Wilma, taught the game to Wilma's brothers, Louis and Ferdinand "Fred" Thun, in the early 1920s. 6276: 3179: 6898: 5404: 458:

and the renaming of the Shore Fast Line to the Short Line. Charles Darrow drew the designs with a drafting pen on round pieces of

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game by hand with the help of his first son, William Darrow, and his wife. Their new sets retained Charles Todd's misspelling of

7984: 7165: 2661:, considered the company's most successful, which continue to the present. The twentieth such promotion was sponsored in 2012. 5505: 5141: 925:

cover was eliminated. In the UK, metal tokens were also eliminated, and a special spinner was introduced to take the place of

2505: 476: 7839: 6314: 6232: 5561: 4845: 4788: 1104:

In 1995, a 60th Anniversary edition was released in a gold box. In late 1998, Hasbro announced a campaign to add an all-new

4864: 4769: 749:, disappeared from the market within three years. This edition, featuring locations in Berlin, was denounced, allegedly by 7875: 4807: 4750: 4693: 2140: 1263: 731: 5609: 4826: 4731: 4674: 2132:, was attempted in the summer of 1990, but lasted for only 12 episodes. In 1991–1992, official versions appeared for the 399:". This revision also included a special "monopoly" rule and card that allowed higher rents to be charged when all three 6461: 4498: 340:

A shortened version of Magie's game, which eliminated the second round of play that used a Georgist concept of a single

314: 5318: 5200: 979:

Parker Brothers was taken over by General Mills, the Monopoly license to Waddingtons was renegotiated (as was the Clue/

933:

expired in September, 1941, and it is believed that after the expiration, she was no longer promoted as an inventor of

3638:

by "Clarence B. Darwin" (pseudonym for David Sadowski), Folkopoly Press, River Forest, Illinois. Photograph on p. 197.

2599: 636:

by Darrow. Parker Brothers sets were the first to include die-cast metal tokens for playing pieces, initially using a

336:

First page of patent submission for second version of Lizzie Magie's board game, submitted in 1923 and granted in 1924

252: 2483:(which includes several pages of Monopoly variations and suggestions that vary from the standard rules of the game). 5243: 3584: 3260: 7808: 7782: 7774: 7762: 7750: 7745: 7740: 7735: 7628: 6362: 6295: 3961:

Walsh. Page 51. The original rejection letters from Milton Bradley and Parker Brothers are reproduced on this page.

3927:, "Board game apparatus", published 1935-12-31, issued 1935-12-31, assigned to Parker Brothers Inc 1792: 294: 2654:, the first edition to be published outside Parker Brothers. At about the same time, McDonald's started its first 703: 7530: 7321: 1941: 1806: 1441: 174: 5586: 2038: 109:

had become widely believed; it was printed in the game's instructions for many years, in a 1974 book devoted to

7979: 6864: 5871: 5274: 2397: 2088: 1321: 1035: 3077: 2475:

fun again", by introducing new variations of rules and strategies. R. Wayne Schmittberger, a former editor of

6420: 5286: 2542:

game, meant that they wanted Parker Brothers' version...". This had the effect of potentially nullifying the

113:, and was cited in a general book about toys as recently as 2007. Even a guide to family games published for 7727: 7702: 7461: 6057: 2217: 2076: 735: 613: 462:, and then his son and his wife helped fill in the spaces with colors and make the title deed cards and the 5995: 5658: 2248:, individual professional sports teams, and many others. USAopoly also sells special corporate editions of 1293:

participants and a protest was filed by an opponent. The judges (Barton, Watson, and a representative from

7832: 7695: 7497: 7454: 7360: 6213: 5083: 2770:

A US patent was granted in 1904 but in the autumn of 1902 an article describing the game was published in

2655: 2613: 2556: 2522: 2517:

game case that was settled out of court, and letters from Knapp Electric challenging Parker Brothers over

2129: 2058: 954: 567: 230: 217:

First page of patent submission for first version of Lizzie Magie's board game, granted on January 5, 1904

57: 7087: 7071: 6185: 6173: 2422:) has been published (by Atari), as well as a stand-alone edition for the same console (by EA). In 2001, 1013:

publisher Waddingtons produced its first non-London edition in 1989, creating a Limited Edition based on

855:

fads that had left unsold inventory stuck in Parker Brothers' warehouse, George Parker ordered a stop to

745:

The game was very successful in the United Kingdom and France, but the 1936 German edition, published by

45:

depicted here show the evolution of the game's artwork and designs in the United States from 1935 to 2005

7934: 7663: 7251: 6640: 2598:, but all have now expired. The specific graphics of the game board, cards, and pieces are protected by 2277: 2257: 1090: 957:

dormitory room, and underwater. In 1965, a 30th anniversary set was produced in a special plastic case.

665: 467: 413: 400: 353: 7328:

sets, from Charles Darrow's sets through the 1950s from the Fernandez Collection Sundown Farm and Ranch

5360: 2019:

has been produced for international markets, with the place names being localized for cities including

1309:

table, below). The determination of the US champion was changed for the 2003 tournament: winners of an

941:

single white box. Several copies of this edition were exhibited at the American National Exhibition in

194: 37: 6945: 4305:

The Waddingtons Story: From the early days to Monopoly, the Maxwell bids, and into the next millennium

173:

editions was published. Since 1994, many official variants of the game, based on locations other than

131:, who had himself published a board game intended to illustrate the principles of both monopolies and 7863: 7642: 5884: 2721: 2643: 2451: 2423: 2273: 2125: 2052: 1768: 1133: 1079: 1057: 1043: 1029: 998: 669: 322: 298: 6385: 5864:"For Those Who Can't Get Enough Of Monopoly, Here Are 1) A Book For Novices And 2) A World Champion" 3762: 2996: 1305:

days after the conclusion of the European Championship (which Mair had also won), in November 1975.

281:

declined to publish. In the UK, it was published in 1913 by the Newbie Game Company under the title

7756: 7649: 7189: 3232: 3001: 2302: 2179: 2094: 1423: 310: 6077:

Quotation from the inside cover of the game booklet included with the special Canadian Edition of

7768: 7567: 6496: 5529: 4601: 2460: 2269: 1490: 257: 7908: 6783: 6138: 6132: 4958: 2881: 2799: 2292:

editions of the game are being published in Nigeria and The Netherlands, among other locations.

873:

magazine article about the game made it seem as if Darrow himself was the sole inventor of both

407:

After the Thuns learned the game, they began teaching its rules to their fraternity brothers at

115: 7102:

for a renewal of the license to produce Monopoly-themed slot machines, dated September 16, 2003

5476: 3536: 3530: 3464: 3458: 1089:

In 1994, the license to the company that would become USAopoly was issued, and they produced a

7582: 7353: 7027: 6582: 6551: 6504: 6142: 5720: 4649: 4533: 4425: 4400: 4362: 4308: 3982: 3841: 3701: 3540: 3506: 3468: 3207: 3123: 3058: 2936: 2911: 2846: 2803: 2406: 1834: 1670: 6447: 6161: 5177: 4620: 4514: 3790: 3158: 2842: 2836: 7802: 7709: 7405: 6578: 6572: 6095: 5941: 5544: 5461: 4578: 3339: 2963: 2822: 2685: 2618: 2353: 2309:, Hasbro included special variant rules to be played in the theme of the licensed property. 2233: 2070: 1914: 1852: 1838: 1816: 1782: 1688: 1664: 1646: 1616: 1592: 1533: 1368: 1353: 1302: 408: 396: 376: 4004:"Toy stories: Combination of luck and skill that gave birth to some of our favourite games" 2442:

The official Parker Brothers rules and board remained largely unchanged from 1936 to 2008.

1124:– with votes being tallied through a special website, via a toll-free phone number, and at 383:

in 1924 (under her married name, Elizabeth Magie Phillips). This version, unlike her first

7958: 7788: 7621: 7503: 7491: 7377: 7208: 7137: 6952: 6790: 6465: 6424: 6389: 6366: 6318: 6299: 6280: 6236: 6217: 5891: 5712: 5646: 5618: 5449: 5430: 5408: 5305: 5262: 5231: 5184: 4868: 4849: 4830: 4811: 4792: 4773: 4754: 4735: 4716: 4697: 4678: 4627: 4608: 4585: 4540: 4521: 4502: 4483: 4476: 4464: 3797: 3662: 3647: 3588: 3346: 3186: 3084: 2559:

and obtained a revision of the trademark laws. The case was finally settled in 1985, with

2456: 2427: 2318: 2188: 2168: 2104: 1998: 1285: 1174: 1105: 1074: 1048: 903: 869: 817: 767: 750: 668:

were illustrated (though some prior editions consisted solely of text), but were without "

584: 302: 278: 274: 248: 225: 121: 98: 51: 5138: 4644:

Wenzel, Sebastian (April 2013). "Monopoly". In Geithner, Michael; Thiele, Martin (eds.).

4457: 4420:

Wenzel, Sebastian (April 2013). "Monopoly". In Geithner, Michael; Thiele, Martin (eds.).

3677: 1320:. A World Championship had been planned for 2021, but Hasbro has cancelled it due to the 1093:

edition as their first board. In 1995, a license for new game variations and reprints of

6273: 1086:

in the US ceased at the Parker Brothers plant in Salem, Massachusetts in November 1991.

1002:

was first published in 1985. Kenner Parker was acquired by Tonka in 1987. The 1987/1988

867:

with Darrow's photograph on the box lid (though he had no involvement with the game), a

770:, the game was changed dramatically so that it would have an Italian name, locations in 7535: 7468: 7432: 5401: 3978: 3972: 3924: 3526: 3109: 3050: 2792: 2749: 2635: 2464: 2385: 2365: 2357: 2261: 2241: 894: 886: 746: 455: 443: 426: 384: 341: 166: 106: 86: 4957:(2). Research School CNWS, Leiden University, The Netherlands: 116–141. Archived from 2880:(3). Research School CNWS, Leiden University, The Netherlands: 117–121. Archived from 1082:, using the Ecu (European Currency Unit). After acquisition by Hasbro, publication of 949:

happenings" began to occur, mostly marathon game sessions, which were recognized by a

7973: 7894: 7716: 7656: 7437: 7427: 7118: 7075: 6816: 5800: 5665: 5145: 5090: 3146: 3119: 3113: 2787: 2651: 2509: 2500: 2495: 2443: 2377: 2237: 2197: 2121: 2113: 2082: 1761: 1747: 1684: 1660: 1636: 1612: 1191: 971: 738:, excluding Canada. Waddingtons version, their first board game, with locations from 344:, had become common during the 1910s, and this variation on the game became known as 318: 286: 261:. This copy featured property groups, organized by letters, later a major feature of 186: 136: 132: 128: 78: 6968: 797:). Versions of DKT have been sold in Austria since 1940. The game first appeared as 691: 213: 7901: 7814: 7688: 7670: 7540: 7422: 6330: 3901: 3878: 3023: 2669: 2381: 2297: 2117: 2064: 1294: 890: 852: 805: 754: 726:

In December 1935, Parker Brothers sent a copy of the game to Victor Watson, Sr. of

661: 645: 463: 392: 357: 66: 62: 6229: 5389: 4709: 3920: 3897: 3396: 1273: 554: 201:

by Winning Moves Games, in versions produced directly by Hasbro (such as the 2009

6311: 3874: 1214:

add-on games, which can be played alone or when a player lands on the respective

7635: 7514: 2401: 2389: 2373: 2369: 2028: 1712: 1598: 1393: 1125: 809: 727: 719: 332: 74: 6828: 2162:

in 1991) was preparing to launch Hasbro Interactive as a new brand, they chose

446:. After learning the game, Darrow then began to distribute the game himself as 65:

and first patented in 1904, but existed as early as 1902. Magie, a follower of

55:

has its origin in the early 20th century. The earliest known version, known as

7952: 7927: 7915: 7288: 7276: 5347: 4671: 4163: 2992: 2841:(Fourth Printing, December 1974 ed.). David McKay Company, Inc. pp. 2740: 2673: 2578: 2568:

research and legal fights with General Mills, Kenner Parker Toys, and Hasbro.

2431: 2393: 2341: 2317:, also includes the selection of "house rules" as a possible variant of play. 2310: 2286: 2222: 2133: 1810: 1733: 1716: 1640: 1602: 1445: 1117: 922: 637: 178: 170: 90: 7264: 6458: 5677: 4842: 4785: 4495: 885:

If it is true that the devil finds work for idle hands to do, the No. 1 U.S.

742:

substituted for the original Atlantic City ones, was first produced in 1936.

6026: 4861: 4766: 2681: 2479:

magazine, acknowledged the work of Gunther and Hutton in his own 1992 guide

2349: 2208: 2202: 2174: 2136: 1588: 1349: 1162: 1121: 860: 576: 162: 7312: 7121:

dated September 6, 2005, citing "over 20 titles of MONOPOLY-branded games".

6188:, filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on March 29, 1996. 5801:"Under the Boardwalk: The Monopoly Story – 2015 Monopoly Championship Info" 4804: 4747: 4690: 4098: 5215:

for the new game token in its 1998–1999 campaign via the Internet Archive.

4823: 4728: 3055:

Monopoly, Money, and You: How to Profit from the Game's Secrets of Success

2563:

remaining a valid trademark of Parker Brothers, and Anspach assigning the

1242:

online game was released. From January 8 to February 5, 2013, through the

450:

and never spoke to the Todds again. Darrow initially made the sets of the

364:

expired in 1921. By this time, the hand-made games became known simply as

4125: 4072: 3581: 3413: 2361: 2253: 2213: 2148: 1976: 1895: 1772: 1674: 1650: 1310: 1268: 812:, a compass, a map printed on silk, and real currency hidden amongst the 804:

It has been claimed that Waddingtons later produced special games during

372: 239: 222: 197:. And Hasbro has also been including the Speed Die, introduced in 2006's 190: 82: 31: 6359: 6292: 5918:

Hasbro.com naming the 2004 World Monopoly Champion via Internet Archive.

2838:

The Monopoly Book: Strategy and Tactics of the World's Most Popular Game

2321:, which publishes current digital versions of the game, such as for the 2196:

with a San Diego edition of Monopoly and later including themes such as

1052:

on Saturday nights on ABC during that summer. The program was hosted by

945:

in 1959. All of them were stolen from the exhibit. In the early 1960s, "

542: 17: 6921: 2677: 2418: 2340:

Before the creation of Hasbro Interactive, and after its later sale to

2228: 1884: 1796: 1737: 1505: 1501: 1427: 1410: 1277: 1113: 848: 715: 657: 653: 417: 388: 235: 5739:

Interview with Randolph P. Barton for "Under the Boardwalk", 7/28/2008

3942: 2337:, which allows players to customize all the game equipment and rules. 2050:

The game has also inspired official spin-offs, such as the board game

7509: 7337: 6261: 2412: 2245: 2156: 2152: 2102:, (2006–2007). A second product line of games and licenses exists in 2020: 1987: 1820: 1786: 1622: 1537: 1473: 1459: 1397: 980: 942: 759: 739: 641: 471: 182: 150: 7247: 7065: 1262:

tournaments were suggested by Victor Watson of Waddington after the

1161:

by Winning Moves Games in 2006. The Electronic Banking Edition uses

379:

area with her husband by 1923, and re-patented a revised version of

7168:"Pick and Play" US$ 5 MONOPOLY lottery tickets via Internet Archive 6210: 4361:(Erweiterte Neuauflage ed.). Drei Magier Verlag. p. 115. 2602:

and trademark law, as is the specific wording of the game's rules.

2108:, first published in 1990. In the late 1980s, official editions of 825:

behind the Iron Curtain, although the game was effectively banned.

434:

was published by the Adgame Company with a new set of rules called

6417: 5894:

World Monopoly Championship from Mind Sports Worldwide's MindZine.

2612: 2345: 2265: 2159: 2037: 2024: 1551: 1519: 1317: 1014: 771: 702: 690: 553: 541: 331: 212: 36: 6643:

description. A list of letters and court depositions used in the

5814: 5689:

Interview with Victor Watson for "Under the Boardwalk", 5/23/2009

2494:

Starting in 1974, Parker Brothers and its then corporate parent,

1266:. Such championships are also held for players of the board game 1101:

section below for details on further releases by both companies.

5392:

including "Speed Die" and "Classic" variations, from Hasbro.com.

3115:

Monopoly: The World's Most Famous Game & How it Got that Way

2463:

notes several such rules used in his household in his foreword,

2295:

When creating some of the modern licensed editions, such as the

1626: 1284:

Champion of 1975, as also having won the European Championship.

926: 649: 7349: 6401: 2997:"How a Fight Over a Board Game Monopolized an Economist's Life" 2638:(lyrics) and John Jacob Loeb (music). At the conclusion of the 2182:

editions also were released. Later CD-ROM exclusive spin-offs,

105:

By the 1970s, the false idea that the game had been created by

7331: 2322: 7299: 5858: 5856: 3180:

Transcript of "Episode 2 2004 – Board Games, Arden, Delaware"

2725: 2046:, produced for the United States market between 1997 and 2006 1231:

was announced at the New York Toy Fair in February 2011. The

695:

Postcard replica of a 1936 poster introducing the board game

7238: 3838:

A Board Game Education: Building Skills for Academic Success

1006:

Tournaments were held under Kenner Parker Tonka management.

7345: 7334:

of early Parker Brothers and Waddington sets, in 1935–1954.

6027:"USA Representative Chosen! – 2015 U.S. Monopoly Game Quiz" 3057:(Nook E-Book ed.). McGraw Hill Education. p. 39. 2745:"Monopoly's Inventor: The Progressive Who Didn't Pass 'Go'" 1098: 375:, and married Albert W. Phillips in 1910. She moved to the 7229: 6418:

Make Your Own -OPOLY, the first do it yourself board game.

4399:(First ed.). Verlag Klaus Wagenbach. pp. 49–51. 921:

was produced with wooden tokens in the US, and the game's

6378: 3977:(First ed.). Harvard Business School Press. p. 181:(the official setting for the North American version) or 6784:

Partial scan of the United States Supreme Court decision

5977: 5975: 5846:

1973–1995 World Champions are listed in Philip Orbanes'

5680:

page for 2013 Standard Edition set, including cat token.

3503:

Monopoly: The Story Behind the World's Best-Selling Game

625:, was sold by Parker Brothers, and became combined with 317:, Georgists, university students (including students at 5973: 5971: 5969: 5967: 5965: 5963: 5961: 5959: 5957: 5955: 5719:(First hardcover ed.). Willow Books. p. 185. 5051: 5049: 2513:

the United States Copyright Office, testimony from the

2446:

argued against this during an on-air conversation with

984:

Mills as the first six Monopoly Tournaments were held.

907:

magazine, "Sport: 1937 Games", February 1, 1937, p. 44.

7140:, dated January 14, 1999, archived at The Free Library 5981:

1973–2003 US Champions are listed in Philip Orbanes's

5562:"Token change for Monopoly to replace an iconic piece" 5246:

featuring Pokémon-themed products, including Monopoly.

3414:"The Monopolization of Monopoly: Daniel W. Layman, Jr" 2325:, also includes the selection of certain house rules. 1153:

game itself occurred with the publication of both the

135:, fought Parker Brothers and its then parent company, 6795:

Anti-Monopoly, Inc. vs. General Mills Fun Group, Inc.

5506:"New Electronic Monopoly with Evil, All-Seeing Tower" 5338:

list of "Here & Now" themed releases, with dates.

5265:

dated February 2, 1999, archived at The Free Library.

4126:"The Monopolization of Monopoly: The $ 10,000 Buyout" 2498:, attempted to suppress publication of a game called 2488:

Anti-Monopoly, Inc. vs. General Mills Fun Group, Inc.

2252:. Official corporate editions have been produced for 859:

production as sales leveled off. However, during the

546:

First page of Charles Darrow's patent submission for

6891:"Racially Insensitive Game Finds New Home On Amazon" 6865:"Racially Insensitive Game Finds New Home On Amazon" 6745:

Anti-Monopoly, Inc. v. General Mills Fun Group, Inc.

6714:

Anti-Monopoly, Inc. v. General Mills Fun Group, Inc.

6676:

Anti-Monopoly, Inc. v. General Mills Fun Group, Inc.

5842: 5840: 5838: 5836: 5834: 5832: 5830: 5828: 5826: 5824: 3535:(Second ed.). Adams Media Corporation. p. 3141: 3139: 2092:

from 2012. Finally, there have been two dice games:

988:

Kenner Parker Toys and Kenner Parker Tonka 1985–1991

7944: 7886: 7853: 7824: 7726: 7680: 7613: 7606: 7554: 7523: 7478: 7446: 7413: 7385: 6503:. Vintage UK, division of Random House. p. 4. 4667: 4665: 3452: 3450: 3448: 3399:

from 2007 (including the Speed Die) from Hasbro.com

2538:was valid only if consumers, when they asked for a 777:In Austria, versions of the game first appeared as 562:(the "Number 7 Black Box Edition") around 1936–1941 7088:U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission 8-K Filing 5587:"Meow! Hasbro unveils new token for Monopoly game" 3840:. Rowman & Littlefield Education. p. 72. 2864: 2862: 2791: 1155:Monopoly Here & Now Electronic Banking Edition 6501:Do Not Pass Go: From the Old Kent Road to Mayfair 6350:, published 2012 by USAopoly in the United States 5906:"Fun Facts" from hasbro.com via Internet Archive. 4073:"The Monopolization of Monopoly: Parker Brothers" 3758: 3756: 2954: 2952: 2459:included a section titled "Monopoly Variations", 251:and dating from 1903–1904, was presented for the 7180:Monopoly US$ 2 Instant Game via Internet Archive 3698:The Playmakers: Amazing Origins of Timeless Toys 6670: 6668: 6666: 5308:page for Monopoly Here & Now World Edition. 4256: 4254: 4027: 4025: 3407: 3405: 3243: 3241: 3201: 3199: 3045: 3043: 2471:in 1986, as a guide, per the cover, "to making 996:were released that same year. The spinoff game 883: 843:newspaper, which discussed her two editions of 834:Marketing within the United States in the 1930s 558:Box lid of a Parker Brothers-published copy of 285:. Shortly after the game's formal publication, 6092:"Hasbro's Monopoly History and Fun Facts page" 4352: 4350: 3265:photographs on tt.tf via the Internet Archive. 1272:. The first European Championship was held in 7361: 5173: 5171: 5169: 5134: 5132: 3974:The Game Makers: The Story of Parker Brothers 3773: 3771: 2625:artwork, and a 13th game token, resting on a 2042:Licensed and special collectible editions of 1522:, Japan (originally scheduled for Hong Kong) 839:Phillips was profiled in the Washington D.C. 8: 6695: 6693: 6348:Doctor Who 50th Anniversary Edition Monopoly 5668:for a Golden Token Edition release in France 4397:Monopoly: Das Spiel, die Stadt und das Glück 3235:1903 Arden Rules Analysis, by Thomas Forsyth 2910:. Colin Gower Enterprises Ltd. p. 463. 2722:"Monopoly: Invention Through Collaboration." 2590:Various patents have existed on the game of 1097:was granted to Winning Moves Games. See the 617:by Milton Bradley, based on Daniel Layman's 479:, though proof of its registration remains. 289:, a professor in what was then known as the 7043:Texas Monthly, Contributors, November 2008. 6831:the "Trademark Clarification Act of 1984" . 5203:page for Monopoly 60th Anniversary Edition. 4272: 4270: 3505:(First ed.). Gibbs Smith. p. 11. 2987: 2985: 2983: 2981: 2056:from 1985. There have been six card games: 1238:In early 2013, a board game version of the 139:, over the copyright and trademarks of the 73:to illustrate the economic consequences of 7610: 7368: 7354: 7346: 6137:(First ed.). Bob Adams, Inc. p. 5148:page of US Monopoly editions, 1985–present 4948:"American Games: A Historical Perspective" 3957: 3955: 2313:, which has published a CD-ROM edition of 2240:), states, colleges and universities, the 1859: 1561: 1326: 1235:version of the game was released in 2012. 486: 4630:page showing three hand made examples of 3904:, "Game board", issued 1924-09-23 3881:, "Game board", issued 1904-01-05 3532:The Monopoly Companion: The Players Guide 1330:World Tournament locations and champions 1149:The first changes to the gameplay of the 490:Patents for Landlord's Game and Monopoly 7339:Under the Boardwalk – The MONOPOLY Story 6920:Collins, Doug (November–December 1998). 6162:List of electronic version release dates 3763:Eugene Raiford's letter to Vince Leonard 3383:originally published in the Winter 1978 3376: 3374: 3372: 3370: 3368: 3366: 3364: 3362: 3360: 3358: 3206:Ketcham, Christopher (19 October 2012). 1206:In early 2010, Hasbro began selling the 710:games in editions from seven countries. 7152:dated June 28, 2001, with results from 6546:Gunther, Noel; Hutton, Richard (1986). 6174:U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission 5319:"Calgary vies for Monopoly real estate" 5057:Monopoly: The World's Most Popular Game 4307:. Jeremy Mills Publishing. p. 78. 2713: 2668:brand has been licensed onto a line of 2011:The original hand made editions of the 1112:. Voters were allowed to select from a 966:Marketing under General Mills 1968–1985 7054:Monopoly: The World's Most Famous Game 7012:Monopoly: The World's Most Famous Game 6999:Monopoly: The World's Most Famous Game 6986:Monopoly: The World's Most Famous Game 6842:Monopoly: The World's Most Famous Game 6616:Monopoly: The World's Most Famous Game 6603:Monopoly: The World's Most Famous Game 6577:. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. p. 6404:featuring the first "City Edition" of 6250:Monopoly: The World's Most Famous Game 5778:Monopoly: The World's Most Famous Game 5750:Monopoly: The World's Most Famous Game 5378:Monopoly: The World's Most Famous Game 5023:Monopoly: The World's Most Famous Game 4997:Monopoly: The World's Most Famous Game 4984:Monopoly: The World's Most Famous Game 4934:Monopoly: The World's Most Famous Game 4921:Monopoly: The World's Most Famous Game 4547:editions in The Netherlands, in Dutch. 4505:page for Italy, by Albert C. Veldhuis. 4233:Monopoly: The World's Most Famous Game 4220:Monopoly: The World's Most Famous Game 4207:Monopoly: The World's Most Famous Game 3748:Monopoly: The World's Most Famous Game 3624:Monopoly: The World's Most Famous Game 3602:Monopoly: The World's Most Famous Game 3570:Monopoly: The World's Most Famous Game 3489:Monopoly: The World's Most Famous Game 3463:. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. p. 3328:Monopoly: The World's Most Famous Game 3302:Monopoly: The World's Most Famous Game 3289:Monopoly: The World's Most Famous Game 3276:Monopoly: The World's Most Famous Game 3249:Monopoly: The World's Most Famous Game 2906:Wallace, David; Wexler, Bruce (2007). 2007:Localizations, licenses, and spin-offs 1099:Localizations, licenses, and spin-offs 913:Parker Brothers' marketing 1940s–1960s 329:), and others who became aware of it. 291:Wharton School of Finance and Commerce 228:applied for a patent on a game called 5815:"Home – 2015 U.S. Monopoly Game Quiz" 5244:Press Release, dated October 14, 1999 4646:Nachgemacht: Spielekopien aus der DDR 4569:. Color photographic insert, page 10. 4424:. DDR Museum Verlag. pp. 37–40. 4422:Nachgemacht: Spielekopien aus der DDR 3636:Passing Go: Early Monopoly, 1933–1937 2232:, various particular cities (such as 32:Monopoly § Historical monopolies 7: 7292:– Patent awarded to C.B. Darrow for 6438:Press Release dated January 7, 1999. 6054:"Canada Crowns a Monopoly Champion!" 5614:Piece Would You Vote Off the Board?" 5452:page for "Get out of Jail" minigame. 4524:page for Austrian Standard Editions. 2960:"Monopoly – History & Fun Facts" 2192:, were also produced under license. 961:End of Parker Brothers' independence 912: 789:), and eventually evolved to become 309:at Wharton, and took it with him to 7650:Don't Go to Jail (Monopoly Express) 7280:– Patent for the second version of 6922:"Go to Court, Go Directly to Court" 6863:Bennett, Chris B. (13 March 2013). 6658:The Billion Dollar Monopoly Swindle 6629:The Billion Dollar Monopoly Swindle 6448:Monopoly Handheld game instructions 5504:Sorrel, Charlie (9 February 2011). 4634:from the German Democratic Republic 4194:The Billion Dollar Monopoly Swindle 3862:The Billion Dollar Monopoly Swindle 3824:The Billion Dollar Monopoly Swindle 3735:The Billion Dollar Monopoly Swindle 2798:. Oxford University Press. p. 2330:Late for the Sky Production Company 1182:became mandatory in most of 2009's 687:Licensing outside the United States 591:from Knapp Electric later in 1935. 85:concepts of economic privilege and 7268:– Patent for the first version of 6631:, pages 104–106 and pages 134–135. 5870:. 24 February 1975. Archived from 5361:Monopoly Takes A Chance On Plastic 5289:page for 70th Anniversary Edition. 4002:Shaw, William (16 December 2008). 3653:, by Electronic Laboratories, Inc. 3591:, by Burton H. Wolfe, on adena.com 2931:Glenn, Jim; Denton, Carey (2003). 2825:from a 1999 edition, at hasbro.com 25: 6056:. 9 December 2015. Archived from 5608:Peckham, Matt (January 9, 2013). 5433:page for "Free Parking" minigame. 5277:page for 65th Anniversary Edition 4648:. DDR Museum Verlag. p. 32. 4477:German edition games 1986–present 4458:German edition games through 1985 3385:Historical Review of Berks County 2908:The Illustrated Directory of Toys 2794:The Oxford History of Board Games 2680:tickets, and lines of 1:64 scale 2582:. Professor Anspach assigned the 2535:9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals 2430:version of Monopoly, designed by 2289:50th Anniversary Edition Monopoly 1753:Gary Peters, Boca Raton, Florida 1479:Joost van Orten, The Netherlands 1218:board spaces. If played during a 722:, the United Kingdom, and Canada. 371:By 1906, Magie had moved back to 265:as published by Parker Brothers. 7404: 6571:Schmittberger, R. Wayne (1992). 5560:Truitt, Brian (8 January 2013). 4611:to the Monopoly Lexicon website. 4132:. The San Francisco Bay Guardian 3420:. The San Francisco Bay Guardian 2027:and for countries including the 1704:Jerome Dausman, Olney, Maryland 1543:Bjørn Halvard Knappskog, Norway 970:Parker Brothers was acquired by 847:. In December 1936, wary of the 675:Late in 1935, after learning of 391:streets and locations, notably " 234:with the object of showing that 41:The five sets of the board game 6641:The Anspach Archives Collection 6548:Beyond Boardwalk and Park Place 3700:. Keys Publishing. p. 48. 3397:Monopoly Instructions and Rules 2935:. Amber Books Ltd. p. 15. 2869:Albertarelli, Spartaco (2000). 2469:Beyond Boardwalk and Park Place 1693:Dana Terman, Wheaton, Maryland 1525:Antonio Zafra Fernandez, Spain 1177:. Shortly after the release of 1108:to US standard edition sets of 672:", who was introduced in 1936. 550:, submitted and granted in 1935 422:The Fascinating Game of Finance 301:. A former student of Nearing, 6527:, Second Edition. pp. 140–142. 5093:page for special U.S. Editions 4077:The San Francisco Bay Guardian 3836:Hinebaugh, Jeffrey P. (2009). 3460:The Greatest Games of All Time 3440:The Greatest Games of All Time 2594:and its predecessors, such as 2506:San Francisco State University 1374:Alvin Aldridge, United States 566:Darrow first took the game to 538:Acquisition by Parker Brothers 477:United States Copyright Office 165:appeared on both sides of the 1: 7190:Monopoly Bathroom Accessories 7078:- note the 20th Edition logo. 5412:Monopoly: The Classic Edition 3457:Costello, Matthew J. (1991). 2871:"1000s Ways to Play Monopoly" 1264:World Chess Championship 1972 1169:board game released in 2009. 169:. In 1989, the first of many 127:Also in the 1970s, Professor 6647:case is given on pages 4-19. 4592:editions from Great Britain. 4395:Tönnesmann, Andreas (2011). 4099:"The Knapp Electric Company" 2933:The Treasury of Family Games 2438:House rules and custom rules 974:in February 1968. The first 583:Robert Barton, president of 193:(The OP), Winning Moves and 171:video game and computer game 7870:Monopoly Millionaires' Club 7840:Monopoly Millionaires' Club 7131:Business Wire Press Release 6574:New Rules for Classic Games 6312:Localized Monopoly Editions 6293:Localized Monopoly Editions 6274:Localized Monopoly Editions 6131:Orbanes, Philip E. (1988). 5649:for UK Golden Token Edition 5493:Hasbro.com description page 5256:Business Wire Press Release 5225:Business Wire Press Release 4719:page for the Czech Republic 3971:Orbanes, Philip E. (2004). 2549:United States Supreme Court 2481:New Rules for Classic Games 1451:Jason Bunn, United Kingdom 1288:, himself a later European 960: 889:is currently a mild little 30:For the economic term, see 8001: 7629:Monopoly: The Mega Edition 7402: 7332:Another online photo album 7024:American Showcase Volume 9 6408:for Africa: Lagos, Nigeria 5799:Under the Boardwalk, LLC. 4357:Glonnegger, Erwin (1999). 1402:Cheng Seng Kwa, Singapore 1159:Monopoly: The Mega Edition 1027: 295:University of Pennsylvania 209:Game development 1903–1934 199:Monopoly: The Mega Edition 29: 7531:Get Out of Jail Free card 7026:(1986) p. 281. New York. 6164:on monopolycollector.com. 5850:, second edition, p. 171. 5367:. Accessed July 24, 2006. 4946:Whitehill, Bruce (1999). 4602:English introductory page 3902:Phillips, Elizabeth Magie 3668:, by Knapp Electric, Inc. 3501:Kennedy, Rod Jr. (2004). 3381:"From Berks to Boardwalk" 3118:. Da Capo Press. p. 3097:Monopoly Standard Edition 2727:The Science of Creativity 2098:from 1991 and an update, 2089:Monopoly Millionaire Deal 1862: 1848:Online Selection Process 1564: 1359:Lee Bayrd, United States 1329: 1017:as a charity fundraiser. 808:which secretly contained 519:Elizabeth Magie Phillips 489: 27:History of the board game 7423:Elizabeth "Lizzie" Magie 7324:of many historical U.S. 7284:, Issued on Sep 23, 1924 7090:dated September 28, 1998 6969:University Games website 6230:USAopoly Corporate Sales 6041:Monopoly, Money, and You 6014:Monopoly, Money, and You 5985:, third edition, p. 169. 5929:Monopoly, Money, and You 4486:, by Albert C. Veldhuis. 4467:, by Albert C. Veldhuis. 4154:Second edition. Page 24. 3781:, Second edition. p. 21. 3317:, Second edition. p. 17. 3262:Brer Fox an' Brer Rabbit 2962:. Hasbro. Archived from 2398:handheld electronic game 1645:A.E. "Gus" Gostomelsky, 1036:Merv Griffin Enterprises 795:The Businessman's Talent 791:Das Kaufmännische Talent 712:Clockwise from top right 621:. Another clone, called 283:Brer Fox an' Brer Rabbit 7703:Monopoly: The Card Game 7272:, Issued on Jan 5, 1904 7001:, photo insert page 29. 6988:, Appendix II, page 199 6734:Anspach, pages 269–271. 6719:515 F.Supp. 448 6486:Brandreth, pp. 169–174. 6360:Winning Solutions, Inc. 6201:Second Edition. p. 185. 5885:Information on the 2000 5702:Second Edition. p. 156. 4303:Watson, Victor (2008). 4246:Monopoly Deluxe Edition 3582:"Louis & Fred Thun" 3029:. Parker Brothers. 1997 2396:was planned in 1999. A 2077:Monopoly: The Card Game 1951:Jay Bleiweiss, Toronto 1433:Greg Jacobs, Australia 1415:Cesare Bernabei, Italy 1009:In the United Kingdom, 587:, bought the rights to 401:railroads and utilities 7985:History of board games 7959:"Monopoly" (2019 song) 7154:Casino Player Magazine 6402:Bestman Games' website 6333:for localized/special 6134:The Monopoly Companion 5348:Monopoly: Here and Now 5059:, photo insert, p. 25. 4262:A Board Game Education 4124:Wolfe, Burton (1976). 4071:Wolfe, Burton (1976). 4033:A Board Game Education 3724:Second edition. p. 20. 3412:Wolfe, Burton (1976). 3151:"Monopolizing History" 2835:Brady, Maxine (1974). 2630: 2557:United States Congress 2533:In December 1979, the 2262:Cornwell Quality Tools 2155:(which had taken over 2130:King World Productions 2047: 1967:Bill Bartel, Winnipeg 1959:Bill Bartel, Winnipeg 1932:David Brooks, Concord 1924:David Brooks, Concord 1905:Greg Henkel, Winnipeg 1556:Nicolò Falcone, Italy 955:University of Michigan 910: 723: 700: 563: 551: 337: 218: 97:that has been sold by 69:, originally intended 46: 7796:Monopoly Here and Now 7664:The Mad Magazine Game 7289:U.S. patent 2,026,082 7277:U.S. patent 1,509,312 6926:Washington Free Press 6750:684 F.2d 1316 6459:Monopoly Pinball page 6337:Editions in Australia 5942:"Under the Boardwalk" 5874:on February 15, 2013. 5764:The Waddingtons Story 5213:Hasbro's news release 5160:The Waddingtons Story 5114:The Waddingtons Story 5071:The Waddingtons Story 4342:The Waddingtons Story 4103:The Knapps Lived Here 3921:US patent 2026082 3898:US patent 1509312 3765:dated 2 January 1964. 3559:Parlett, pp. 352–353. 3155:The American Interest 2823:Monopoly Instructions 2772:The Single Tax Review 2743:(February 13, 2015). 2664:In recent years, the 2616: 2258:Boy Scouts of America 2041: 1867:Championship winners 1569:Championship winners 1382:Washington, D.C., US 1254:tournaments 1973–2015 1091:San Diego, California 1028:Further information: 706: 699:to the United Kingdom 694: 666:Community Chest cards 557: 545: 468:Community Chest cards 335: 216: 40: 7643:Advance to Boardwalk 7317:at World of Monopoly 7296:on December 31, 1935 6819:on November 8, 1984. 6681:611 F.2d 296 6468:at sternpinball.com. 6346:Game box and rules: 6186:Hasbro Annual Report 6081:, published in 1982. 5904:2003 U.S. Tournament 5717:The Monopoly Omnibus 5534:Monopoly Millionaire 4964:on November 20, 2008 4105:. Spoonercentral.com 3875:US patent 748262 3149:(March–April 2007). 2995:(October 20, 2009). 2644:Rich Uncle Pennybags 2530:. Anspach appealed. 2508:economics professor 2490:court case 1976–1985 2404:release (along with 2335:Make Your Own -OPOLY 2126:television game show 2053:Advance to Boardwalk 1511:Yutaka Okada, Japan 1487:Monte Carlo, Monaco 1465:Ikuo Hyakuta, Japan 1233:Monopoly Millionaire 1134:Rich Uncle Pennybags 1080:European Communities 1044:prime time game show 1030:Monopoly (game show) 999:Advance to Boardwalk 736:British Commonwealth 670:Rich Uncle Pennybags 424:(later shortened to 299:University of Toledo 203:Championship Edition 7909:Blacks & Whites 7833:McDonald's Monopoly 7757:The Monopoly Game 2 7455:The Landlord's Game 7302:The Landlord's Game 7282:The Landlord's Game 7270:The Landlord's Game 7265:U.S. patent 748,626 7211:1999 press release. 7202:Monopoly Calculator 7192:on Canada-shops.com 7067:McDonald's Monopoly 6895:District Chronicles 6262:Winning Moves Games 6002:. October 27, 1977. 5481:Monopoly Revolution 5325:. January 13, 2010. 5162:. pp. 180–181. 4955:Board Games Studies 3696:Walsh, Tim (2004). 3340:Ideafinder.com page 3214:. Harper's Magazine 3208:"Monopoly is Theft" 3078:"Speed Die Edition" 3002:Wall Street Journal 2878:Board Games Studies 2776:THE LANDLORDS' GAME 2621:model cars bearing 2596:The Landlord's Game 2303:The Powerpuff Girls 1975:Leon Vandendooren, 1883:Susan Touchbourne, 1385:John Mair, Ireland 1225:Monopoly Revolution 931:The Landlord's Game 845:The Landlord's Game 677:The Landlord's Game 611:by Transogram, and 432:The Landlord's Game 381:The Landlord's Game 362:The Landlord's Game 311:Columbia University 307:The Landlord's Game 303:Rexford Guy Tugwell 277:around 1910, which 270:The Landlord's Game 244:The Landlord's Game 231:The Landlord's Game 87:land value taxation 71:The Landlord's Game 58:The Landlord's Game 7769:Monopoly Star Wars 7557:localized versions 7322:Online photo album 7230:The official U.S. 7207:2016-03-05 at the 7166:Illinois Lottery's 7136:2016-03-05 at the 6951:2007-09-29 at the 6901:on 22 January 2016 6889:Bennett, Chris B. 6806:Parlett, page 354. 6789:2006-10-05 at the 6774:Anspach, page 286. 6765:Anspach, page 273. 6525:Monopoly Companion 6464:2006-09-09 at the 6436:Hasbro Interactive 6423:2006-02-21 at the 6392:in The Netherlands 6388:2016-01-17 at the 6365:2013-03-08 at the 6317:2013-07-16 at the 6298:2015-01-01 at the 6279:2013-02-07 at the 6235:2007-05-13 at the 6216:2015-07-02 at the 6199:Monopoly Companion 6000:The Daily Reporter 5996:"It's only a game" 5983:Monopoly Companion 5890:2006-09-07 at the 5848:Monopoly Companion 5789:Brandreth. p. 187. 5700:Monopoly Companion 5645:2013-09-10 at the 5448:2012-06-03 at the 5429:2012-06-03 at the 5407:2013-05-08 at the 5304:2012-12-15 at the 5261:2014-07-14 at the 5230:2014-07-14 at the 5183:2013-05-07 at the 5084:"Monopoly Lexicon" 4867:2012-09-25 at the 4862:"Monopoly Lexicon" 4852:page for Lithuania 4848:2012-09-25 at the 4843:"Monopoly Lexicon" 4829:2012-09-25 at the 4824:"Monopoly Lexicon" 4810:2012-09-25 at the 4805:"Monopoly Lexicon" 4791:2012-10-24 at the 4786:"Monopoly Lexicon" 4772:2012-09-25 at the 4767:"Monopoly Lexicon" 4753:2012-09-25 at the 4748:"Monopoly Lexicon" 4734:2012-04-19 at the 4729:"Monopoly Lexicon" 4715:2012-09-25 at the 4710:"Monopoly Lexicon" 4696:2012-10-24 at the 4691:"Monopoly Lexicon" 4677:2010-11-24 at the 4672:"Monopoly Lexicon" 4626:2011-07-21 at the 4621:"Monopoly Lexicon" 4607:2006-10-11 at the 4584:2012-11-01 at the 4579:"Monopoly Lexicon" 4539:2007-02-20 at the 4520:2007-02-20 at the 4501:2006-10-06 at the 4482:2012-09-18 at the 4463:2012-09-18 at the 4152:Monopoly Companion 3925:Darrow, Charles B. 3796:2013-10-24 at the 3779:Monopoly Companion 3722:Monopoly Companion 3663:Second Edition of 3587:2009-11-30 at the 3349:on the history of 3345:2006-07-01 at the 3315:Monopoly Companion 3191:History Detectives 3185:2015-02-23 at the 3110:Orbanes, Philip E. 3099:page at amazon.com 3083:2015-09-06 at the 3051:Orbanes, Philip E. 2631: 2180:FIFA World Cup '98 2048: 724: 701: 629:in some editions. 564: 552: 529:Charles B. Darrow 338: 258:History Detectives 219: 61:, was designed by 47: 7967: 7966: 7877:Family Game Night 7849: 7848: 7150:WMS Press Release 7112:WMS Press Release 7100:WMS Press Release 6853:Anspach, page 301 6756: 1982-08-26). 6725: 1981-05-11). 6687: 1979-12-20). 5102:Brady, pp. 21–24. 5043:Brady. pp. 26–27. 5010:Monopoly Memories 4908:The Monopoly Book 4882:Monopoly Memories 4871:page for Slovakia 4776:page for Slovenia 4700:page for Hungary. 4655:978-3-939801-18-4 4431:978-3-939801-18-4 4406:978-3-8031-5181-0 4314:978-1-906600-36-5 4046:The Monopoly Book 3847:978-1-60709-260-5 3648:First Edition of 3087:page at about.com 3064:978-0-07-180844-6 2917:978-0-681-63614-9 2448:The Monopoly Book 2112:appeared for the 2004: 2003: 1875:Winner, Hometown 1858: 1857: 1851:Brian Valentine, 1833:Rick Marinaccio, 1830:Washington, D.C. 1729:Washington, D.C. 1701:Washington, D.C. 1580:Winner, Hometown 1560: 1559: 1157:by Hasbro UK and 1058:Charlie O'Donnell 1056:and announced by 535: 534: 438:, also by Magie. 195:Winning Solutions 16:(Redirected from 7992: 7887:Unlicensed games 7803:Monopoly Streets 7710:Express Monopoly 7614:Board/dice games 7611: 7546:London locations 7408: 7370: 7363: 7356: 7347: 7291: 7279: 7267: 7239:The official UK 7212: 7199: 7193: 7187: 7181: 7175: 7169: 7163: 7157: 7147: 7141: 7128: 7122: 7109: 7103: 7097: 7091: 7085: 7079: 7063: 7057: 7056:, pages 135–136. 7050: 7044: 7041: 7035: 7021: 7015: 7014:, pages 136–137. 7008: 7002: 6995: 6989: 6982: 6976: 6966: 6960: 6946:University Games 6943: 6937: 6936: 6934: 6932: 6917: 6911: 6910: 6908: 6906: 6897:. Archived from 6886: 6880: 6879: 6877: 6875: 6860: 6854: 6851: 6845: 6844:, pages 120–125. 6838: 6832: 6826: 6820: 6813: 6807: 6804: 6798: 6793:to not hear the 6781: 6775: 6772: 6766: 6763: 6757: 6747: 6741: 6735: 6732: 6726: 6716: 6710: 6704: 6697: 6688: 6678: 6672: 6661: 6654: 6648: 6638: 6632: 6625: 6619: 6612: 6606: 6599: 6593: 6592: 6568: 6562: 6561: 6543: 6537: 6534: 6528: 6521: 6515: 6514: 6493: 6487: 6484: 6478: 6477:Anspach, p. 303. 6475: 6469: 6456: 6450: 6445: 6439: 6433: 6427: 6415: 6409: 6399: 6393: 6376: 6370: 6357: 6351: 6344: 6338: 6328: 6322: 6309: 6303: 6290: 6284: 6271: 6265: 6259: 6253: 6246: 6240: 6227: 6221: 6208: 6202: 6195: 6189: 6183: 6177: 6171: 6165: 6159: 6153: 6152: 6128: 6122: 6113: 6107: 6106: 6104: 6103: 6094:. Archived from 6088: 6082: 6075: 6069: 6068: 6066: 6065: 6050: 6044: 6037: 6031: 6030: 6023: 6017: 6010: 6004: 6003: 5992: 5986: 5979: 5950: 5949: 5938: 5932: 5925: 5919: 5916:Press Release on 5913: 5907: 5901: 5895: 5882: 5876: 5875: 5860: 5851: 5844: 5819: 5818: 5811: 5805: 5804: 5796: 5790: 5787: 5781: 5774: 5768: 5767: 5762:Watson, Victor. 5759: 5753: 5746: 5740: 5737: 5731: 5730: 5713:Brandreth, Gyles 5709: 5703: 5696: 5690: 5687: 5681: 5675: 5669: 5656: 5650: 5637: 5631: 5630: 5628: 5626: 5605: 5599: 5598: 5596: 5594: 5583: 5577: 5576: 5574: 5572: 5557: 5551: 5542: 5536: 5527: 5521: 5520: 5518: 5516: 5501: 5495: 5490: 5484: 5474: 5468: 5466:U-Build Monopoly 5459: 5453: 5440: 5434: 5421: 5415: 5399: 5393: 5387: 5381: 5374: 5368: 5357: 5351: 5350:page on YouTube. 5345: 5339: 5333: 5327: 5326: 5315: 5309: 5296: 5290: 5284: 5278: 5272: 5266: 5253: 5247: 5241: 5235: 5222: 5216: 5210: 5204: 5198: 5192: 5178:Albert Veldhuis' 5175: 5164: 5163: 5158:Watson, Victor. 5155: 5149: 5136: 5127: 5124: 5118: 5117: 5112:Watson, Victor. 5109: 5103: 5100: 5094: 5081: 5075: 5074: 5069:Watson, Victor. 5066: 5060: 5053: 5044: 5041: 5035: 5032: 5026: 5019: 5013: 5006: 5000: 4993: 4987: 4980: 4974: 4973: 4971: 4969: 4963: 4952: 4943: 4937: 4930: 4924: 4917: 4911: 4904: 4898: 4891: 4885: 4878: 4872: 4859: 4853: 4840: 4834: 4821: 4815: 4814:page for Estonia 4802: 4796: 4795:page for Romania 4783: 4777: 4764: 4758: 4757:page for Croatia 4745: 4739: 4726: 4720: 4707: 4701: 4688: 4682: 4681:page for Russia. 4669: 4660: 4659: 4641: 4635: 4618: 4612: 4599: 4593: 4576: 4570: 4563: 4557: 4554: 4548: 4534:Monopoly Lexicon 4531: 4525: 4515:Monopoly Lexicon 4512: 4506: 4496:Monopoly Lexicon 4493: 4487: 4474: 4468: 4455: 4449: 4442: 4436: 4435: 4417: 4411: 4410: 4392: 4386: 4379: 4373: 4372: 4354: 4345: 4338: 4332: 4325: 4319: 4318: 4300: 4294: 4287: 4281: 4274: 4265: 4258: 4249: 4242: 4236: 4229: 4223: 4216: 4210: 4203: 4197: 4196:, pages 100–101. 4190: 4184: 4177: 4171: 4166:Rudy Copeland's 4161: 4155: 4148: 4142: 4141: 4139: 4137: 4121: 4115: 4114: 4112: 4110: 4094: 4088: 4087: 4085: 4083: 4068: 4062: 4055: 4049: 4042: 4036: 4029: 4020: 4019: 4017: 4015: 3999: 3993: 3992: 3968: 3962: 3959: 3950: 3947:Game Box Designs 3940: 3934: 3933: 3932: 3928: 3917: 3911: 3910: 3909: 3905: 3894: 3888: 3887: 3886: 3882: 3879:Magie, Lizzie J. 3871: 3865: 3858: 3852: 3851: 3833: 3827: 3820: 3814: 3807: 3801: 3788: 3782: 3775: 3766: 3760: 3751: 3744: 3738: 3731: 3725: 3718: 3712: 3711: 3693: 3687: 3675: 3669: 3660: 3654: 3645: 3639: 3633: 3627: 3620: 3614: 3611: 3605: 3598: 3592: 3579: 3573: 3566: 3560: 3557: 3551: 3550: 3523: 3517: 3516: 3498: 3492: 3485: 3479: 3478: 3454: 3443: 3436: 3430: 3429: 3427: 3425: 3409: 3400: 3394: 3388: 3378: 3353: 3337: 3331: 3324: 3318: 3311: 3305: 3298: 3292: 3285: 3279: 3272: 3266: 3258: 3252: 3245: 3236: 3230: 3224: 3223: 3221: 3219: 3203: 3194: 3177: 3171: 3170: 3168: 3166: 3157:. Archived from 3143: 3134: 3133: 3106: 3100: 3094: 3088: 3075: 3069: 3068: 3047: 3038: 3037: 3035: 3034: 3028: 3020: 3014: 3013: 3011: 3009: 2989: 2976: 2975: 2973: 2971: 2966:on June 14, 2012 2956: 2947: 2946: 2928: 2922: 2921: 2903: 2897: 2896: 2894: 2892: 2886: 2875: 2866: 2857: 2856: 2832: 2826: 2820: 2814: 2813: 2797: 2784: 2778: 2768: 2762: 2761: 2759: 2757: 2737: 2731: 2724:(April 15, 2024) 2718: 2686:Johnny Lightning 2619:Johnny Lightning 2392:. A version for 2354:Game Boy Advance 2100:Monopoly Express 2095:Don't Go to Jail 2071:Express Monopoly 1997:Andrea Cameron, 1860: 1853:Washington, D.C. 1621:Alvin Aldridge, 1562: 1327: 1303:Washington, D.C. 908: 818:prisoners of war 728:Waddington Games 718:, Spain, Italy, 509:Lizzie J. Magie 487: 456:"Marvin Gardens" 409:Williams College 397:Lake Shore Drive 377:Washington, D.C. 346:Auction Monopoly 21: 8000: 7999: 7995: 7994: 7993: 7991: 7990: 7989: 7980:Monopoly (game) 7970: 7969: 7968: 7963: 7940: 7882: 7845: 7820: 7789:Monopoly Tycoon 7722: 7676: 7622:Monopoly Junior 7602: 7564:Africa and Asia 7556: 7550: 7519: 7504:Parker Brothers 7483: 7474: 7442: 7415: 7409: 7400: 7381: 7374: 7300:The History of 7287: 7275: 7263: 7260: 7226: 7221: 7216: 7215: 7209:Wayback Machine 7200: 7196: 7188: 7184: 7176: 7172: 7164: 7160: 7148: 7144: 7138:Wayback Machine 7129: 7125: 7110: 7106: 7098: 7094: 7086: 7082: 7064: 7060: 7051: 7047: 7042: 7038: 7022: 7018: 7009: 7005: 6996: 6992: 6983: 6979: 6967: 6963: 6953:Wayback Machine 6944: 6940: 6930: 6928: 6919: 6918: 6914: 6904: 6902: 6888: 6887: 6883: 6873: 6871: 6862: 6861: 6857: 6852: 6848: 6839: 6835: 6827: 6823: 6814: 6810: 6805: 6801: 6791:Wayback Machine 6782: 6778: 6773: 6769: 6764: 6760: 6743: 6742: 6738: 6733: 6729: 6712: 6711: 6707: 6701:The Game Makers 6698: 6691: 6674: 6673: 6664: 6655: 6651: 6639: 6635: 6626: 6622: 6613: 6609: 6600: 6596: 6589: 6570: 6569: 6565: 6558: 6545: 6544: 6540: 6535: 6531: 6522: 6518: 6511: 6495: 6494: 6490: 6485: 6481: 6476: 6472: 6466:Wayback Machine 6457: 6453: 6446: 6442: 6434: 6430: 6425:Wayback Machine 6416: 6412: 6400: 6396: 6390:Wayback Machine 6377: 6373: 6367:Wayback Machine 6358: 6354: 6345: 6341: 6329: 6325: 6319:Wayback Machine 6310: 6306: 6300:Wayback Machine 6291: 6287: 6281:Wayback Machine 6272: 6268: 6260: 6256: 6247: 6243: 6237:Wayback Machine 6228: 6224: 6218:Wayback Machine 6209: 6205: 6196: 6192: 6184: 6180: 6172: 6168: 6160: 6156: 6149: 6130: 6129: 6125: 6114: 6110: 6101: 6099: 6090: 6089: 6085: 6076: 6072: 6063: 6061: 6052: 6051: 6047: 6038: 6034: 6025: 6024: 6020: 6011: 6007: 5994: 5993: 5989: 5980: 5953: 5940: 5939: 5935: 5926: 5922: 5914: 5910: 5902: 5898: 5892:Wayback Machine 5883: 5879: 5862: 5861: 5854: 5845: 5822: 5813: 5812: 5808: 5798: 5797: 5793: 5788: 5784: 5775: 5771: 5761: 5760: 5756: 5747: 5743: 5738: 5734: 5727: 5711: 5710: 5706: 5697: 5693: 5688: 5684: 5678:Hasbro Toy Shop 5676: 5672: 5657: 5653: 5647:Wayback Machine 5638: 5634: 5624: 5622: 5607: 5606: 5602: 5592: 5590: 5585: 5584: 5580: 5570: 5568: 5559: 5558: 5554: 5549:Monopoly Hotels 5543: 5539: 5528: 5524: 5514: 5512: 5503: 5502: 5498: 5491: 5487: 5475: 5471: 5460: 5456: 5450:Wayback Machine 5441: 5437: 5431:Wayback Machine 5422: 5418: 5409:Wayback Machine 5400: 5396: 5388: 5384: 5375: 5371: 5358: 5354: 5346: 5342: 5334: 5330: 5317: 5316: 5312: 5306:Wayback Machine 5299:Hasbro.com (US) 5297: 5293: 5285: 5281: 5273: 5269: 5263:Wayback Machine 5254: 5250: 5242: 5238: 5232:Wayback Machine 5223: 5219: 5211: 5207: 5199: 5195: 5185:Wayback Machine 5176: 5167: 5157: 5156: 5152: 5139:Albert Vehduis' 5137: 5130: 5125: 5121: 5111: 5110: 5106: 5101: 5097: 5082: 5078: 5068: 5067: 5063: 5054: 5047: 5042: 5038: 5033: 5029: 5020: 5016: 5007: 5003: 4994: 4990: 4981: 4977: 4967: 4965: 4961: 4950: 4945: 4944: 4940: 4931: 4927: 4918: 4914: 4905: 4901: 4892: 4888: 4879: 4875: 4869:Wayback Machine 4860: 4856: 4850:Wayback Machine 4841: 4837: 4833:page for Latvia 4831:Wayback Machine 4822: 4818: 4812:Wayback Machine 4803: 4799: 4793:Wayback Machine 4784: 4780: 4774:Wayback Machine 4765: 4761: 4755:Wayback Machine 4746: 4742: 4738:page for Poland 4736:Wayback Machine 4727: 4723: 4717:Wayback Machine 4708: 4704: 4698:Wayback Machine 4689: 4685: 4679:Wayback Machine 4670: 4663: 4656: 4643: 4642: 4638: 4628:Wayback Machine 4619: 4615: 4609:Wayback Machine 4600: 4596: 4588:page for early 4586:Wayback Machine 4577: 4573: 4567:The Game Makers 4564: 4560: 4556:Walsh. Page 56. 4555: 4551: 4543:page for early 4541:Wayback Machine 4532: 4528: 4522:Wayback Machine 4513: 4509: 4503:Wayback Machine 4494: 4490: 4484:Wayback Machine 4475: 4471: 4465:Wayback Machine 4456: 4452: 4443: 4439: 4432: 4419: 4418: 4414: 4407: 4394: 4393: 4389: 4383:The Game Makers 4380: 4376: 4369: 4359:Das Spiele-Buch 4356: 4355: 4348: 4339: 4335: 4329:The Game Makers 4326: 4322: 4315: 4302: 4301: 4297: 4291:The Game Makers 4288: 4284: 4278:The Game Makers 4275: 4268: 4259: 4252: 4243: 4239: 4230: 4226: 4217: 4213: 4204: 4200: 4191: 4187: 4181:The Game Makers 4178: 4174: 4162: 4158: 4149: 4145: 4135: 4133: 4123: 4122: 4118: 4108: 4106: 4096: 4095: 4091: 4081: 4079: 4070: 4069: 4065: 4059:The Game Makers 4056: 4052: 4043: 4039: 4030: 4023: 4013: 4011: 4001: 4000: 3996: 3989: 3970: 3969: 3965: 3960: 3953: 3941: 3937: 3930: 3919: 3918: 3914: 3907: 3896: 3895: 3891: 3884: 3873: 3872: 3868: 3859: 3855: 3848: 3835: 3834: 3830: 3821: 3817: 3808: 3804: 3798:Wayback Machine 3789: 3785: 3776: 3769: 3761: 3754: 3745: 3741: 3732: 3728: 3719: 3715: 3708: 3695: 3694: 3690: 3679:Landlord's Game 3676: 3672: 3661: 3657: 3646: 3642: 3634: 3630: 3621: 3617: 3613:Kennedy. p. 12. 3612: 3608: 3599: 3595: 3589:Wayback Machine 3580: 3576: 3567: 3563: 3558: 3554: 3547: 3527:Orbanes, Philip 3525: 3524: 3520: 3513: 3500: 3499: 3495: 3486: 3482: 3475: 3456: 3455: 3446: 3437: 3433: 3423: 3421: 3411: 3410: 3403: 3395: 3391: 3379: 3356: 3347:Wayback Machine 3338: 3334: 3325: 3321: 3312: 3308: 3299: 3295: 3286: 3282: 3273: 3269: 3259: 3255: 3246: 3239: 3233:Landlord's Game 3231: 3227: 3217: 3215: 3205: 3204: 3197: 3187:Wayback Machine 3178: 3174: 3164: 3162: 3145: 3144: 3137: 3130: 3108: 3107: 3103: 3095: 3091: 3085:Wayback Machine 3076: 3072: 3065: 3049: 3048: 3041: 3032: 3030: 3026: 3022: 3021: 3017: 3007: 3005: 2991: 2990: 2979: 2969: 2967: 2958: 2957: 2950: 2943: 2930: 2929: 2925: 2918: 2905: 2904: 2900: 2890: 2888: 2887:on 27 June 2013 2884: 2873: 2868: 2867: 2860: 2853: 2834: 2833: 2829: 2821: 2817: 2810: 2786: 2785: 2781: 2769: 2765: 2755: 2753: 2739: 2738: 2734: 2720:Sawyer, Keith. 2719: 2715: 2710: 2698:List of London 2694: 2659:game promotions 2611: 2574: 2492: 2457:Gyles Brandreth 2440: 2428:pinball machine 2366:IBM compatibles 2319:Electronic Arts 2189:Monopoly Tycoon 2184:Monopoly Casino 2169:Trivial Pursuit 2139:and Nintendo's 2105:Monopoly Junior 2009: 1999:Holland Landing 1491:Christopher Woo 1367:New York City, 1286:Gyles Brandreth 1256: 1240:Monopoly Hotels 1212:Get out of Jail 1204: 1143: 1075:Monopoly Junior 1071: 1066: 1049:Super Jeopardy! 1046:, airing after 1032: 1026: 990: 968: 963: 915: 909: 901: 875:Bulls and Bears 865:Bulls and Bears 836: 751:Joseph Goebbels 689: 585:Parker Brothers 540: 485: 275:Parker Brothers 249:Arden, Delaware 211: 122:Parker Brothers 116:Reader's Digest 99:Parker Brothers 63:Elizabeth Magie 49:The board game 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7998: 7996: 7988: 7987: 7982: 7972: 7971: 7965: 7964: 7962: 7961: 7956: 7948: 7946: 7942: 7941: 7939: 7938: 7931: 7924: 7919: 7912: 7905: 7898: 7890: 7888: 7884: 7883: 7881: 7880: 7873: 7866: 7864:1990 game show 7860: 7858: 7851: 7850: 7847: 7846: 7844: 7843: 7836: 7828: 7826: 7822: 7821: 7819: 7818: 7811: 7806: 7799: 7792: 7785: 7780: 7772: 7765: 7760: 7753: 7748: 7743: 7738: 7732: 7730: 7724: 7723: 7721: 7720: 7713: 7706: 7699: 7692: 7684: 7682: 7678: 7677: 7675: 7674: 7667: 7660: 7653: 7646: 7639: 7632: 7625: 7617: 7615: 7608: 7607:Spin-off games 7604: 7603: 7601: 7600: 7595: 7590: 7576: 7571: 7560: 7558: 7552: 7551: 7549: 7548: 7543: 7538: 7536:Monopoly money 7533: 7527: 7525: 7521: 7520: 7518: 7517: 7512: 7507: 7501: 7498:Milton Bradley 7495: 7487: 7485: 7476: 7475: 7473: 7472: 7465: 7458: 7450: 7448: 7444: 7443: 7441: 7440: 7435: 7433:Charles Darrow 7430: 7425: 7419: 7417: 7416:and publishers 7414:Game designers 7411: 7410: 7403: 7401: 7399: 7398: 7389: 7387: 7383: 7382: 7375: 7373: 7372: 7365: 7358: 7350: 7344: 7343: 7335: 7329: 7319: 7310: 7297: 7285: 7273: 7259: 7256: 7255: 7254: 7245: 7236: 7225: 7224:Official sites 7222: 7220: 7219:External links 7217: 7214: 7213: 7194: 7182: 7170: 7158: 7142: 7123: 7117:2013-06-30 at 7104: 7092: 7080: 7074:2013-05-09 at 7058: 7045: 7036: 7016: 7003: 6990: 6977: 6961: 6938: 6912: 6881: 6869:Seattle Medium 6855: 6846: 6833: 6821: 6808: 6799: 6776: 6767: 6758: 6736: 6727: 6705: 6689: 6662: 6649: 6633: 6620: 6607: 6594: 6587: 6563: 6556: 6538: 6529: 6516: 6509: 6488: 6479: 6470: 6451: 6440: 6428: 6410: 6394: 6371: 6352: 6339: 6323: 6304: 6285: 6266: 6254: 6252:, pp. 203–204. 6241: 6222: 6203: 6190: 6178: 6166: 6154: 6147: 6123: 6121:on hasbro.com. 6108: 6083: 6070: 6045: 6032: 6018: 6005: 5987: 5951: 5933: 5920: 5908: 5896: 5877: 5852: 5820: 5806: 5791: 5782: 5769: 5754: 5741: 5732: 5725: 5704: 5691: 5682: 5670: 5664:2013-07-01 at 5651: 5632: 5600: 5578: 5552: 5537: 5522: 5496: 5485: 5469: 5454: 5435: 5416: 5402:Winning Moves' 5394: 5390:Monopoly rules 5382: 5369: 5352: 5340: 5328: 5310: 5291: 5279: 5267: 5248: 5236: 5217: 5205: 5193: 5165: 5150: 5144:2013-07-03 at 5128: 5119: 5104: 5095: 5089:2013-07-03 at 5076: 5061: 5045: 5036: 5027: 5014: 5001: 4999:, pp. 100–101. 4988: 4975: 4938: 4925: 4912: 4899: 4886: 4873: 4854: 4835: 4816: 4797: 4778: 4759: 4740: 4721: 4702: 4683: 4661: 4654: 4636: 4613: 4594: 4571: 4558: 4549: 4526: 4507: 4488: 4469: 4450: 4437: 4430: 4412: 4405: 4387: 4374: 4367: 4346: 4333: 4320: 4313: 4295: 4282: 4266: 4250: 4237: 4224: 4211: 4209:, pages 75–76. 4198: 4185: 4172: 4156: 4143: 4116: 4097:Spooner, Ken. 4089: 4063: 4050: 4037: 4021: 3994: 3987: 3963: 3951: 3935: 3912: 3889: 3866: 3864:, pp. 148–149. 3853: 3846: 3828: 3815: 3811:The Playmakers 3802: 3791:Images for the 3783: 3767: 3752: 3739: 3726: 3713: 3706: 3688: 3670: 3655: 3640: 3628: 3615: 3606: 3593: 3574: 3561: 3552: 3545: 3518: 3511: 3493: 3480: 3473: 3444: 3431: 3401: 3389: 3354: 3332: 3319: 3306: 3293: 3280: 3267: 3253: 3237: 3225: 3195: 3172: 3161:on 23 May 2013 3147:Parlett, David 3135: 3128: 3101: 3089: 3070: 3063: 3039: 3015: 2977: 2948: 2941: 2923: 2916: 2898: 2858: 2851: 2827: 2815: 2808: 2788:Parlett, David 2779: 2763: 2750:New York Times 2732: 2712: 2711: 2709: 2706: 2705: 2704: 2693: 2690: 2636:Charles Tobias 2610: 2604: 2573: 2570: 2523:Milton Bradley 2504:, designed by 2491: 2485: 2439: 2436: 2358:Game Boy Color 2198:national parks 2151:. In 1995, as 2128:, produced by 2086:from 2008 and 2008: 2005: 2002: 2001: 1995: 1991: 1990: 1984: 1980: 1979: 1973: 1969: 1968: 1965: 1961: 1960: 1957: 1953: 1952: 1949: 1945: 1944: 1940:Cara Buffett, 1938: 1934: 1933: 1930: 1926: 1925: 1922: 1918: 1917: 1913:David Brooks, 1911: 1907: 1906: 1903: 1899: 1898: 1892: 1888: 1887: 1881: 1877: 1876: 1873: 1869: 1868: 1856: 1855: 1849: 1846: 1842: 1841: 1831: 1828: 1824: 1823: 1815:Matt McNally, 1813: 1804: 1800: 1799: 1789: 1780: 1776: 1775: 1765: 1759: 1755: 1754: 1751: 1745: 1741: 1740: 1730: 1727: 1723: 1722: 1719: 1710: 1706: 1705: 1702: 1699: 1695: 1694: 1691: 1682: 1678: 1677: 1667: 1658: 1654: 1653: 1643: 1634: 1630: 1629: 1619: 1610: 1606: 1605: 1595: 1586: 1582: 1581: 1578: 1575: 1571: 1570: 1565:United States 1558: 1557: 1554: 1549: 1545: 1544: 1541: 1531: 1527: 1526: 1523: 1517: 1513: 1512: 1509: 1499: 1495: 1494: 1488: 1485: 1481: 1480: 1477: 1471: 1467: 1466: 1463: 1457: 1453: 1452: 1449: 1439: 1435: 1434: 1431: 1421: 1417: 1416: 1413: 1408: 1404: 1403: 1400: 1391: 1387: 1386: 1383: 1380: 1376: 1375: 1372: 1365: 1361: 1360: 1357: 1347: 1343: 1342: 1339: 1336: 1332: 1331: 1255: 1249: 1203: 1200: 1142: 1139: 1070: 1067: 1065: 1062: 1025: 1019: 989: 986: 967: 964: 962: 959: 914: 911: 899: 895:Charles Darrow 887:Mephistopheles 835: 832: 816:money, to aid 747:Schmidt Spiele 688: 685: 568:Milton Bradley 539: 536: 533: 532: 530: 527: 523: 522: 520: 517: 513: 512: 510: 507: 503: 502: 499: 496: 492: 491: 484: 483:Patent history 481: 444:Charles Darrow 385:patent drawing 342:land value tax 305:, also taught 210: 207: 167:Atlantic Ocean 107:Charles Darrow 89:. A series of 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7997: 7986: 7983: 7981: 7978: 7977: 7975: 7960: 7957: 7955: 7954: 7950: 7949: 7947: 7943: 7937: 7936: 7932: 7930: 7929: 7925: 7923: 7920: 7918: 7917: 7913: 7911: 7910: 7906: 7904: 7903: 7899: 7897: 7896: 7895:Anti-Monopoly 7892: 7891: 7889: 7885: 7879: 7878: 7874: 7872: 7871: 7867: 7865: 7862: 7861: 7859: 7857:on television 7856: 7852: 7842: 7841: 7837: 7835: 7834: 7830: 7829: 7827: 7823: 7817: 7816: 7812: 7810: 7807: 7805: 7804: 7800: 7798: 7797: 7793: 7791: 7790: 7786: 7784: 7781: 7779: 7778:(Nintendo 64) 7777: 7773: 7771: 7770: 7766: 7764: 7761: 7759: 7758: 7754: 7752: 7749: 7747: 7744: 7742: 7739: 7737: 7734: 7733: 7731: 7729: 7725: 7719: 7718: 7717:Monopoly Deal 7714: 7712: 7711: 7707: 7705: 7704: 7700: 7698: 7697: 7693: 7691: 7690: 7686: 7685: 7683: 7679: 7673: 7672: 7668: 7666: 7665: 7661: 7659: 7658: 7657:Monopoly City 7654: 7652: 7651: 7647: 7645: 7644: 7640: 7638: 7637: 7633: 7631: 7630: 7626: 7624: 7623: 7619: 7618: 7616: 7612: 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1045: 1041: 1037: 1031: 1023: 1020: 1018: 1016: 1012: 1007: 1005: 1001: 1000: 995: 987: 985: 982: 977: 973: 972:General Mills 965: 958: 956: 952: 948: 944: 938: 936: 932: 928: 924: 920: 906: 905: 898: 896: 892: 891:Philadelphian 888: 882: 880: 876: 872: 871: 866: 862: 858: 854: 850: 846: 842: 833: 831: 828: 822: 819: 815: 811: 807: 802: 800: 796: 792: 788: 784: 780: 775: 773: 769: 763: 761: 756: 752: 748: 743: 741: 737: 733: 732:transatlantic 729: 721: 717: 713: 709: 705: 698: 693: 686: 684: 682: 678: 673: 671: 667: 663: 659: 655: 651: 647: 643: 639: 634: 630: 628: 624: 620: 616: 615: 610: 606: 602: 598: 594: 590: 586: 581: 578: 572: 569: 561: 556: 549: 544: 537: 531: 528: 525: 524: 521: 518: 515: 514: 511: 508: 505: 504: 500: 497: 494: 493: 488: 482: 480: 478: 473: 469: 465: 461: 457: 453: 449: 445: 439: 437: 433: 429: 428: 423: 419: 415: 410: 405: 402: 398: 394: 390: 386: 382: 378: 374: 369: 367: 363: 359: 355: 351: 347: 343: 334: 330: 328: 324: 320: 319:Smith College 316: 312: 308: 304: 300: 296: 292: 288: 287:Scott Nearing 284: 280: 279:George Parker 276: 271: 266: 264: 260: 259: 254: 250: 245: 241: 237: 233: 232: 227: 224: 215: 208: 206: 204: 200: 196: 192: 188: 187:Atlantic City 184: 180: 176: 175:Atlantic City 172: 168: 164: 158: 156: 152: 147: 142: 138: 137:General Mills 134: 133:trust busting 130: 129:Ralph Anspach 125: 123: 118: 117: 112: 108: 103: 100: 96: 92: 88: 84: 80: 79:economic rent 76: 75:Ricardo's Law 72: 68: 64: 60: 59: 54: 53: 44: 39: 33: 19: 7951: 7933: 7926: 7914: 7907: 7902:Automonopoli 7900: 7893: 7876: 7869: 7854: 7838: 7831: 7825:Retail games 7815:Monopoly Go! 7813: 7801: 7795: 7787: 7775: 7767: 7755: 7715: 7708: 7701: 7694: 7689:Free Parking 7687: 7671:Ms. Monopoly 7669: 7662: 7655: 7648: 7641: 7634: 7627: 7620: 7555:Licensed and 7541:Mr. Monopoly 7490: 7480: 7467: 7460: 7453: 7447:Predecessors 7394: 7376: 7338: 7325: 7314: 7306: 7301: 7293: 7281: 7269: 7240: 7231: 7197: 7185: 7178:Ohio Lottery 7173: 7161: 7153: 7145: 7126: 7107: 7095: 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