120:
141:
528:
3449:
4171:
402:
1653:
2609:
635:
in the second half of the 20th century is sufficiently complex to warrant a few books itself. Most of the palaeoanthropologists have changed their minds at least once as new fossils have come to light and new observations have been made, and will probably continue to do so. The classifications found
477:
496:, was devised by Arthur Hopwood in 1933 and means "before Consul" – the name of a famous captive chimpanzee in London. At the time Consul was being used as a circus name for performing chimpanzees. The
4249:
460:
with extant apes is its lack of a tail; other "ape-like" features include its enhanced grasping capabilities, stabilized elbow joint and facial structure.
880:
4236:
492:
in western Kenya, was also the oldest fossil hominoid known until recently, and the first fossil mammal ever found in sub-Saharan Africa. The name,
4313:
916:
895:
948:
4318:
4308:
536:
379:. Its name, meaning "before Consul" (Consul being a certain chimpanzee that, at the time of the genus's discovery, was on display in
869:
119:
590:
509:
636:
in the literature of one decade are not generally the same as those of another. For example, in 1987 Peter
Andrews and
2361:
550:. The Consul that he selected to use in the name was neither of the ones mentioned above, but another located in the
140:
375:, including humans, are held in evolutionary biology to share a common ancestral lineage, which may have included
3448:
941:
738:
A recapitulation of the changing classifications of fossils at some time regarded as
Proconsul can be found in
4170:
3206:
3024:
2431:
725:
831:
Andrews, Peter; Martin, Lawrence (January 1987). "Cladistic relationships of extant and fossil hominoids".
4303:
4191:
2485:
2189:
1570:
4275:
3271:
2955:
2897:
2835:
613:
279:
886:. In Ishida, Hidemi; Tuttle, Russell; Pickford, Martin; Ogihara, Naomichi; Nakatsukasa, Masato (eds.).
1652:
293:
4223:
3675:
3369:
2862:
2828:
2764:
2505:
2253:
1991:
1868:
1816:
840:
780:
3386:
2994:
2608:
1936:
1580:
1470:
1338:
1204:
1068:
3948:
3329:
3044:
2890:
2876:
2707:
2526:
2471:
1882:
1846:
1726:
1461:
1331:
1282:
1162:
934:
521:
465:
360:. The four species differ mainly in body size. Environmental reconstructions for the Early Miocene
341:
272:
3251:
2979:
2209:
2038:
1607:
1590:
1366:
1218:
1211:
1190:
1091:
769:"A systematic revision of Proconsul with the description of a new genus of early Miocene hominoid"
3156:
2781:
2771:
2721:
2401:
2317:
1963:
1563:
1477:
1317:
1296:
1176:
1169:
1133:
1126:
1119:
1098:
1084:
135:
2883:
2263:
2155:
2048:
1875:
1345:
1324:
1310:
1253:
1246:
1155:
4280:
2869:
2028:
1436:
1422:
1373:
1289:
1272:
1225:
1183:
1112:
1077:
4262:
4254:
3170:
3146:
2819:
2131:
1443:
1408:
1352:
1260:
1239:
1197:
1057:
912:
891:
865:
808:
555:
505:
497:
439:
409:
384:
364:
sites are still tentative and range from forested environments to more open, arid grasslands.
4267:
1802:
1716:
1484:
1450:
1415:
1387:
1359:
767:
McNulty, Kieran P.; Begun, David R.; Kelley, Jay; Manthi, Fredrick K.; Mbua, Emma N. (2015).
4078:
3722:
3615:
3298:
3081:
3017:
2987:
2924:
2011:
1927:
1861:
1772:
1429:
1380:
911:. Cambridge, Massachusetts, London, England: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
906:
848:
798:
788:
419:
405:
4001:
3970:
3962:
3846:
3746:
3601:
3571:
3188:
3034:
2971:
2801:
2751:
2737:
2730:
2684:
2478:
2273:
1943:
1896:
1830:
1145:
577:
was split and the fragments lumped with other finds to create a new species. For example,
352:
286:
542:
Hopwood in 1931 had discovered the fossils of three individuals while expeditioning with
844:
784:
573:
and subsequently reclassified; that is, the total pool of fossils originally considered
527:
4127:
4088:
4019:
3876:
3866:
3836:
3813:
3803:
3793:
3705:
3654:
3639:
3624:
3561:
3540:
3530:
3197:
3177:
2792:
2519:
2496:
1954:
449:
329:
4297:
4106:
3941:
3932:
3661:
3631:
3581:
3551:
3393:
3359:
3291:
3213:
3163:
3122:
3101:
2700:
2660:
2381:
2344:
2300:
2293:
2243:
2219:
1839:
1762:
1529:
852:
609:
547:
225:
77:
4138:
4067:
3978:
3955:
3903:
3886:
3856:
3698:
3646:
3500:
3281:
3234:
3139:
3074:
3064:
3054:
2964:
2846:
2808:
2693:
2540:
2533:
2441:
2179:
2165:
2098:
1977:
1747:
1705:
1503:
1042:
637:
543:
517:
401:
793:
768:
4044:
3227:
3108:
3091:
2855:
2461:
2371:
2236:
2199:
2119:
2058:
1779:
1232:
593:
in 1993. This process creates some confusion for the public, which is told that
578:
485:
52:
753:. They also believed at that time that humans and African apes formed distinct
605:. Four species are still defined even though many fossils have jumped species.
476:
3520:
3312:
2639:
2626:
2576:
2512:
2451:
2354:
2337:
2229:
2172:
2145:
2108:
2078:
2068:
1793:
1519:
1401:
1105:
1050:
1002:
957:
862:
Ancestral
Passions: The Leakey Family and the Quest for Humankind's Beginnings
551:
513:
427:
372:
202:
97:
62:
17:
4214:
562:
is therefore "ancestral to the
Chimpanzee" in Hopwood's words. He also added
484:
The first specimen, a partial jaw discovered in 1909 by a gold prospector at
452:, indicated by a long flexible back, curved metacarpals, and an above-branch
3989:
3919:
3893:
3762:
3712:
3349:
3339:
3262:
3115:
3005:
2904:
2670:
2424:
2327:
1541:
1303:
1019:
585:
and was split from it to be lumped with Thomas
Whitworth's finds of 1951 as
152:
102:
46:
812:
803:
4208:
4055:
4031:
3824:
3783:
3729:
3668:
3241:
2391:
2284:
1984:
1909:
1809:
1394:
1034:
975:
632:
453:
172:
92:
87:
72:
67:
57:
713:
Taxonomic
Shuffles, Ancestors, and Functional Interpretations: 1960–1999
4241:
4116:
4009:
3736:
3376:
3305:
2557:
2550:
2412:
2307:
2089:
1970:
1916:
1736:
1597:
1554:
987:
908:
The Ape in the Tree: An
Intellectual & Natural History of Proconsul
321:
317:
310:
192:
107:
82:
39:
3686:
3510:
3319:
3220:
2941:
2138:
1854:
1684:
1671:
1623:
981:
969:
754:
662:
489:
380:
368:
337:
325:
212:
182:
162:
4185:
612:
was first proposed by Louis Leakey in 1963, a decade after he and
526:
501:
468:
from tree branches like gibbons and other nonhuman apes do today.
400:
333:
313:
4228:
4096:
3129:
435:
4189:
3464:
2624:
1669:
1000:
930:
456:
quadrupedal positional repertoire. The primary feature linking
3479:
3466:
3416:
423:
388:
926:
640:, established palaeontologists, took the point of view that
628:. It was not immediately accepted but ultimately prevailed.
569:
Other fossils discovered later were initially classified as
881:"Seven Decades of East African Miocene Anthropoid Studies"
426:
characteristics, so its placement in the ape superfamily
320:
that existed from 21 to 17 million years ago during the
601:. The finds from Koru and Songhor are still considered
554:. Consul is being used Linnaean-style to symbolize the
516:, England, in 1894. On the latter's death in that year
4134:
4123:
4112:
4102:
4084:
4074:
4063:
4015:
3997:
3929:
3899:
3882:
3872:
3862:
3852:
3842:
3832:
3809:
3799:
3789:
3779:
3742:
3718:
3694:
3612:
3597:
3587:
3577:
3567:
3557:
3547:
3536:
3526:
3516:
3506:
3496:
3382:
3365:
3355:
3345:
3335:
3325:
3287:
3277:
3247:
3152:
3135:
3097:
3087:
3070:
3060:
3050:
3040:
3030:
3013:
2952:
2937:
2777:
2748:
2718:
2681:
2666:
2656:
2546:
2467:
2457:
2447:
2437:
2420:
2397:
2387:
2377:
2367:
2350:
2333:
2323:
2313:
2269:
2259:
2249:
2225:
2215:
2205:
2195:
2185:
2161:
2151:
2127:
2104:
2074:
2064:
2054:
2044:
2034:
2024:
1893:
1827:
1790:
1759:
1743:
1732:
1722:
1712:
1701:
1603:
1586:
1576:
1536:
1525:
1515:
1015:
4198:
4054:
4030:
3988:
3928:
3917:
3823:
3760:
3685:
3611:
3477:
3415:
3261:
3196:
3187:
3004:
2951:
2922:
2845:
2818:
2791:
2747:
2717:
2680:
2637:
2575:
2495:
2411:
2283:
2118:
2088:
2009:
1953:
1926:
1892:
1826:
1789:
1758:
1682:
1622:
1553:
1502:
1460:
1270:
1143:
1067:
1013:
644:is not a hominoid, but is a sister taxon to it.
520:wrote a commemorative poem wondering where the "
387:. It might also be ancestral to the rest of the
480:Consul at the Belle Vue zoo, Manchester, c.1894
942:
750:
697:
340:. Four species have been classified to date:
8:
888:Human Origins and Environmental Backgrounds
430:is tentative, with some scientists placing
4186:
4036:
3925:
3772:
3768:
3489:
3485:
3474:
3461:
3412:
3193:
2930:
2756:
2649:
2645:
2634:
2621:
2572:
2017:
1901:
1694:
1690:
1679:
1666:
1508:
1499:
1026:
1010:
997:
949:
935:
927:
118:
31:
802:
792:
681:
679:
660:have been reclassified in the new genus
475:
675:
383:), implies that it is ancestral to the
739:
708:
685:
7:
434:outside it, before the split of the
905:Walker, Alan; Shipman, Pat (2005).
524:" between chimpanzees and men was.
537:American Museum of Natural History
25:
4169:
3447:
2607:
1651:
581:'s famous find of 1948 began as
139:
1:
4314:Fossil taxa described in 1933
508:named Consul, and so did the
448:monkey-like features include
853:10.1016/0047-2484(87)90062-5
794:10.1016/j.jhevol.2015.03.009
510:Belle Vue Zoological Gardens
472:Discovery and classification
418:The genus had a mixture of
4335:
4319:Prehistoric primate genera
4309:Miocene primates of Africa
879:Tuttle, Russel H. (2006).
833:Journal of Human Evolution
773:Journal of Human Evolution
4166:
4039:
3775:
3771:
3492:
3488:
3473:
3460:
3445:
3411:
2933:
2759:
2652:
2648:
2633:
2620:
2605:
2571:
2020:
1904:
1697:
1693:
1678:
1665:
1648:
1511:
1498:
1029:
1009:
996:
964:
860:Morell, Virginia (1996).
751:Andrews & Martin 1987
698:Walker & Shipman 2005
504:had a popular performing
268:
263:
136:Scientific classification
134:
126:
117:
34:
27:Extinct genus of primates
130:skeleton reconstruction
633:hominoid classification
328:remains are present in
864:. Simon and Schuster.
566:as the specific name.
539:
481:
413:
4276:Paleobiology Database
614:Wilfrid Le Gros Clark
530:
479:
404:
3330:Paradolichopithecus
845:1987JHumE..16..101A
785:2015JHumE..84...42M
546:in the vicinity of
533:Proconsul africanus
273:Proconsul africanus
2956:Victoriapithecidae
2898:Plesiopliopithecus
2836:Platodontopithecus
654:Proconsul heseloni
648:Reassigned species
540:
482:
450:pronograde posture
414:
280:Proconsul gitongai
4291:
4290:
4263:Open Tree of Life
4192:Taxon identifiers
4183:
4182:
4179:
4178:
4164:
4163:
4160:
4159:
4156:
4155:
4152:
4151:
4148:
4147:
3913:
3912:
3756:
3755:
3456:
3455:
3443:
3442:
3439:
3438:
3435:
3434:
3407:
3406:
3403:
3402:
2918:
2917:
2914:
2913:
2820:Dionysopithecidae
2722:Propliopithecidae
2616:
2615:
2603:
2602:
2599:
2598:
2595:
2594:
2567:
2566:
2005:
2004:
2001:
2000:
1661:
1660:
1646:
1645:
1642:
1641:
1618:
1617:
1494:
1493:
918:978-0-674-01675-0
897:978-0-387-29638-8
728:. Palaeodatabase.
466:hang effortlessly
440:Old World monkeys
302:
301:
259:
45:28.4–11.608
16:(Redirected from
4326:
4284:
4283:
4271:
4270:
4258:
4257:
4245:
4244:
4232:
4231:
4219:
4218:
4217:
4187:
4174:
4173:
4136:
4125:
4114:
4104:
4086:
4079:Australopithecus
4076:
4065:
4037:
4017:
3999:
3931:
3926:
3901:
3884:
3874:
3864:
3854:
3844:
3834:
3811:
3801:
3791:
3781:
3773:
3769:
3744:
3720:
3696:
3616:Dendropithecidae
3614:
3599:
3589:
3579:
3569:
3559:
3549:
3538:
3528:
3518:
3508:
3498:
3490:
3486:
3475:
3462:
3451:
3413:
3384:
3367:
3357:
3347:
3337:
3327:
3289:
3279:
3249:
3194:
3154:
3137:
3099:
3089:
3072:
3062:
3052:
3042:
3032:
3018:Cercopithecoides
3015:
2988:Victoriapithecus
2954:
2939:
2931:
2925:Cercopithecoidea
2779:
2757:
2750:
2720:
2683:
2668:
2658:
2650:
2646:
2635:
2622:
2611:
2573:
2548:
2469:
2459:
2449:
2439:
2422:
2399:
2389:
2379:
2369:
2352:
2335:
2325:
2315:
2271:
2261:
2251:
2227:
2217:
2207:
2197:
2187:
2163:
2153:
2129:
2106:
2076:
2066:
2056:
2046:
2036:
2026:
2018:
1928:Proteopithecidae
1902:
1895:
1829:
1792:
1761:
1745:
1734:
1724:
1714:
1703:
1695:
1691:
1680:
1667:
1656:
1655:
1605:
1588:
1578:
1538:
1527:
1517:
1509:
1500:
1027:
1017:
1011:
998:
951:
944:
937:
928:
922:
901:
885:
875:
856:
817:
816:
806:
796:
764:
758:
748:
742:
736:
730:
729:
722:
716:
706:
700:
695:
689:
683:
420:Old World monkey
406:Life restoration
294:Proconsul meswae
257:
250:
237:
224:
144:
143:
122:
112:
49:
38:Temporal range:
32:
21:
4334:
4333:
4329:
4328:
4327:
4325:
4324:
4323:
4294:
4293:
4292:
4287:
4279:
4274:
4266:
4261:
4253:
4248:
4240:
4235:
4227:
4222:
4213:
4212:
4207:
4194:
4184:
4175:
4168:
4144:
4050:
4026:
4002:Chororapithecus
3984:
3971:Pierolapithecus
3963:Hispanopithecus
3922:
3909:
3847:Gigantopithecus
3819:
3765:
3752:
3747:Yuanmoupithecus
3681:
3676:Turkanapithecus
3607:
3602:Samburupithecus
3572:Nacholapithecus
3482:
3469:
3452:
3431:
3399:
3370:Procynocephalus
3257:
3189:Cercopithecinae
3183:
3035:Dolichopithecus
3000:
2972:Nsungwepithecus
2947:
2927:
2910:
2863:Barberapithecus
2841:
2829:Dionysopithecus
2814:
2802:Epipliopithecus
2787:
2765:Krishnapithecus
2752:Pliopithecoidea
2743:
2738:Propliopithecus
2731:Aegyptopithecus
2713:
2685:Oligopithecidae
2676:
2642:
2629:
2612:
2591:
2563:
2491:
2407:
2279:
2254:Proteropithecia
2114:
2084:
2014:
1997:
1992:Ucayalipithecus
1949:
1922:
1897:Parapithecoidea
1888:
1869:Myanmarpithecus
1831:Amphipithecidae
1822:
1817:Phenacopithecus
1785:
1754:
1687:
1674:
1657:
1650:
1638:
1614:
1549:
1490:
1456:
1266:
1146:Anaptomorphinae
1139:
1063:
1023:
1005:
992:
960:
955:
925:
919:
904:
898:
883:
878:
872:
859:
830:
826:
821:
820:
766:
765:
761:
749:
745:
737:
733:
726:"Proconsulidae"
724:
723:
719:
707:
703:
696:
692:
684:
677:
672:
650:
638:Lawrence Martin
631:The history of
474:
416:
415:
397:
287:Proconsul major
256:
248:
235:
222:
138:
113:
111:
110:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
44:
43:
36:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4332:
4330:
4322:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4296:
4295:
4289:
4288:
4286:
4285:
4272:
4259:
4246:
4233:
4220:
4204:
4202:
4196:
4195:
4190:
4181:
4180:
4177:
4176:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4161:
4158:
4157:
4154:
4153:
4150:
4149:
4146:
4145:
4143:
4142:
4132:
4128:Sahelanthropus
4121:
4110:
4100:
4093:
4089:Graecopithecus
4082:
4072:
4060:
4058:
4052:
4051:
4049:
4048:
4040:
4034:
4028:
4027:
4025:
4024:
4020:Nakalipithecus
4013:
4006:
3994:
3992:
3986:
3985:
3983:
3982:
3975:
3967:
3959:
3952:
3945:
3937:
3935:
3923:
3918:
3915:
3914:
3911:
3910:
3908:
3907:
3897:
3890:
3880:
3877:Lufengpithecus
3870:
3867:Khoratpithecus
3860:
3850:
3840:
3837:Ankarapithecus
3829:
3827:
3821:
3820:
3818:
3817:
3814:Ouranopithecus
3807:
3804:Nakalipithecus
3797:
3794:Graecopithecus
3787:
3776:
3766:
3761:
3758:
3757:
3754:
3753:
3751:
3750:
3740:
3733:
3726:
3716:
3709:
3702:
3691:
3689:
3683:
3682:
3680:
3679:
3672:
3665:
3658:
3655:Rangwapithecus
3651:
3643:
3640:Nyanzapithecus
3636:
3628:
3625:Dendropithecus
3620:
3618:
3609:
3608:
3606:
3605:
3595:
3585:
3575:
3565:
3562:Morotopithecus
3555:
3545:
3541:Kamoyapithecus
3534:
3531:Griphopithecus
3524:
3514:
3504:
3493:
3483:
3478:
3471:
3470:
3465:
3458:
3457:
3454:
3453:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3440:
3437:
3436:
3433:
3432:
3430:
3429:
3428:
3427:
3421:
3419:
3409:
3408:
3405:
3404:
3401:
3400:
3398:
3397:
3390:
3387:Soromandrillus
3380:
3373:
3363:
3353:
3343:
3333:
3323:
3316:
3309:
3302:
3295:
3285:
3275:
3267:
3265:
3259:
3258:
3256:
3255:
3245:
3238:
3231:
3224:
3217:
3210:
3207:Allenopithecus
3202:
3200:
3198:Cercopithecini
3191:
3185:
3184:
3182:
3181:
3178:Trachypithecus
3174:
3167:
3160:
3150:
3143:
3133:
3126:
3119:
3112:
3105:
3095:
3085:
3078:
3068:
3058:
3048:
3038:
3028:
3021:
3010:
3008:
3002:
3001:
2999:
2998:
2995:Zaltanpithecus
2991:
2984:
2976:
2968:
2960:
2958:
2949:
2948:
2946:
2945:
2934:
2928:
2923:
2920:
2919:
2916:
2915:
2912:
2911:
2909:
2908:
2901:
2894:
2887:
2880:
2873:
2866:
2859:
2851:
2849:
2843:
2842:
2840:
2839:
2832:
2824:
2822:
2816:
2815:
2813:
2812:
2805:
2797:
2795:
2793:Pliopithecidae
2789:
2788:
2786:
2785:
2775:
2768:
2760:
2754:
2745:
2744:
2742:
2741:
2734:
2726:
2724:
2715:
2714:
2712:
2711:
2704:
2697:
2689:
2687:
2678:
2677:
2675:
2674:
2664:
2653:
2643:
2638:
2631:
2630:
2625:
2618:
2617:
2614:
2613:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2600:
2597:
2596:
2593:
2592:
2590:
2589:
2588:
2587:
2581:
2579:
2569:
2568:
2565:
2564:
2562:
2561:
2554:
2544:
2537:
2534:Leontopithecus
2530:
2523:
2516:
2509:
2501:
2499:
2497:Callitrichidae
2493:
2492:
2490:
2489:
2482:
2475:
2465:
2455:
2445:
2435:
2428:
2417:
2415:
2409:
2408:
2406:
2405:
2395:
2385:
2375:
2365:
2358:
2348:
2341:
2331:
2321:
2311:
2304:
2297:
2289:
2287:
2281:
2280:
2278:
2277:
2267:
2257:
2247:
2240:
2233:
2223:
2213:
2203:
2193:
2183:
2176:
2169:
2159:
2149:
2142:
2135:
2124:
2122:
2116:
2115:
2113:
2112:
2102:
2094:
2092:
2086:
2085:
2083:
2082:
2072:
2062:
2052:
2042:
2032:
2021:
2015:
2010:
2007:
2006:
2003:
2002:
1999:
1998:
1996:
1995:
1988:
1981:
1974:
1967:
1959:
1957:
1955:Parapithecidae
1951:
1950:
1948:
1947:
1940:
1937:Proteopithecus
1932:
1930:
1924:
1923:
1921:
1920:
1913:
1905:
1899:
1890:
1889:
1887:
1886:
1879:
1872:
1865:
1858:
1851:
1843:
1835:
1833:
1824:
1823:
1821:
1820:
1813:
1806:
1798:
1796:
1787:
1786:
1784:
1783:
1776:
1768:
1766:
1756:
1755:
1753:
1752:
1741:
1730:
1720:
1710:
1698:
1688:
1683:
1676:
1675:
1670:
1663:
1662:
1659:
1658:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1643:
1640:
1639:
1637:
1636:
1635:
1634:
1628:
1626:
1620:
1619:
1616:
1615:
1613:
1612:
1601:
1594:
1584:
1581:Hesperotarsius
1574:
1567:
1559:
1557:
1551:
1550:
1548:
1547:
1534:
1523:
1512:
1506:
1496:
1495:
1492:
1491:
1489:
1488:
1481:
1474:
1466:
1464:
1458:
1457:
1455:
1454:
1447:
1440:
1433:
1426:
1419:
1412:
1405:
1398:
1391:
1384:
1377:
1370:
1363:
1356:
1349:
1342:
1339:Gunnelltarsius
1335:
1328:
1321:
1314:
1307:
1300:
1293:
1286:
1278:
1276:
1268:
1267:
1265:
1264:
1257:
1250:
1243:
1236:
1229:
1222:
1215:
1208:
1205:Pseudotetonius
1201:
1194:
1187:
1180:
1173:
1166:
1159:
1151:
1149:
1141:
1140:
1138:
1137:
1130:
1123:
1116:
1109:
1102:
1095:
1088:
1081:
1073:
1071:
1069:Microchoerinae
1065:
1064:
1062:
1061:
1054:
1047:
1039:
1030:
1024:
1014:
1007:
1006:
1001:
994:
993:
991:
990:
984:
978:
972:
965:
962:
961:
956:
954:
953:
946:
939:
931:
924:
923:
917:
902:
896:
876:
870:
857:
839:(1): 101–118.
827:
825:
822:
819:
818:
804:2286/R.I.35702
759:
743:
731:
717:
701:
690:
674:
673:
671:
668:
649:
646:
608:The family of
498:Folies Bergère
473:
470:
410:Mauricio Antón
399:
398:
396:
393:
330:Eastern Africa
300:
299:
298:
297:
290:
283:
276:
266:
265:
261:
260:
246:
242:
241:
233:
229:
228:
220:
216:
215:
210:
206:
205:
200:
196:
195:
190:
186:
185:
180:
176:
175:
170:
166:
165:
160:
156:
155:
150:
146:
145:
132:
131:
124:
123:
115:
114:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
50:
37:
26:
24:
18:Ugandapithecus
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4331:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4304:Proconsulidae
4302:
4301:
4299:
4282:
4277:
4273:
4269:
4264:
4260:
4256:
4251:
4247:
4243:
4238:
4234:
4230:
4225:
4221:
4216:
4210:
4206:
4205:
4203:
4201:
4197:
4193:
4188:
4172:
4141:
4140:
4133:
4130:
4129:
4122:
4119:
4118:
4111:
4109:
4108:
4107:Kenyanthropus
4101:
4099:
4098:
4094:
4091:
4090:
4083:
4081:
4080:
4073:
4070:
4069:
4062:
4061:
4059:
4057:
4053:
4047:
4046:
4042:
4041:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4029:
4022:
4021:
4014:
4012:
4011:
4007:
4004:
4003:
3996:
3995:
3993:
3991:
3987:
3981:
3980:
3976:
3973:
3972:
3968:
3965:
3964:
3960:
3958:
3957:
3953:
3951:
3950:
3946:
3944:
3943:
3942:Anoiapithecus
3939:
3938:
3936:
3934:
3933:Dryopithecini
3927:
3924:
3921:
3916:
3906:
3905:
3898:
3896:
3895:
3891:
3889:
3888:
3881:
3879:
3878:
3871:
3869:
3868:
3861:
3859:
3858:
3851:
3849:
3848:
3841:
3839:
3838:
3831:
3830:
3828:
3826:
3822:
3816:
3815:
3808:
3806:
3805:
3798:
3796:
3795:
3788:
3786:
3785:
3778:
3777:
3774:
3770:
3767:
3764:
3759:
3749:
3748:
3741:
3739:
3738:
3734:
3732:
3731:
3727:
3725:
3724:
3717:
3715:
3714:
3710:
3708:
3707:
3703:
3701:
3700:
3693:
3692:
3690:
3688:
3684:
3678:
3677:
3673:
3671:
3670:
3666:
3664:
3663:
3662:Rukwapithecus
3659:
3657:
3656:
3652:
3649:
3648:
3644:
3642:
3641:
3637:
3634:
3633:
3632:Micropithecus
3629:
3627:
3626:
3622:
3621:
3619:
3617:
3610:
3604:
3603:
3596:
3594:
3593:
3586:
3584:
3583:
3582:Otavipithecus
3576:
3574:
3573:
3566:
3564:
3563:
3556:
3554:
3553:
3552:Kenyapithecus
3546:
3543:
3542:
3535:
3533:
3532:
3525:
3523:
3522:
3515:
3513:
3512:
3505:
3503:
3502:
3495:
3494:
3491:
3487:
3484:
3481:
3476:
3472:
3468:
3463:
3459:
3450:
3425:
3424:
3423:
3422:
3420:
3418:
3414:
3410:
3396:
3395:
3394:Theropithecus
3391:
3389:
3388:
3381:
3379:
3378:
3374:
3372:
3371:
3364:
3362:
3361:
3360:Procercocebus
3354:
3352:
3351:
3344:
3342:
3341:
3334:
3332:
3331:
3324:
3322:
3321:
3317:
3315:
3314:
3310:
3308:
3307:
3303:
3301:
3300:
3296:
3294:
3293:
3292:Gorgopithecus
3286:
3284:
3283:
3276:
3274:
3273:
3269:
3268:
3266:
3264:
3260:
3254:
3253:
3246:
3244:
3243:
3239:
3237:
3236:
3232:
3230:
3229:
3225:
3223:
3222:
3221:Cercopithecus
3218:
3216:
3215:
3214:Allochrocebus
3211:
3209:
3208:
3204:
3203:
3201:
3199:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3186:
3180:
3179:
3175:
3173:
3172:
3168:
3166:
3165:
3164:Semnopithecus
3161:
3159:
3158:
3151:
3149:
3148:
3147:Rhinopithecus
3144:
3142:
3141:
3134:
3132:
3131:
3127:
3125:
3124:
3120:
3118:
3117:
3113:
3111:
3110:
3106:
3104:
3103:
3102:Parapresbytis
3096:
3094:
3093:
3086:
3084:
3083:
3079:
3077:
3076:
3069:
3067:
3066:
3059:
3057:
3056:
3049:
3047:
3046:
3045:Kuseracolobus
3039:
3037:
3036:
3029:
3027:
3026:
3022:
3020:
3019:
3012:
3011:
3009:
3007:
3003:
2997:
2996:
2992:
2990:
2989:
2985:
2982:
2981:
2977:
2974:
2973:
2969:
2967:
2966:
2962:
2961:
2959:
2957:
2950:
2944:
2943:
2936:
2935:
2932:
2929:
2926:
2921:
2907:
2906:
2902:
2900:
2899:
2895:
2893:
2892:
2891:Laccopithecus
2888:
2886:
2885:
2881:
2879:
2878:
2877:Egarapithecus
2874:
2872:
2871:
2867:
2865:
2864:
2860:
2858:
2857:
2853:
2852:
2850:
2848:
2844:
2838:
2837:
2833:
2831:
2830:
2826:
2825:
2823:
2821:
2817:
2811:
2810:
2806:
2804:
2803:
2799:
2798:
2796:
2794:
2790:
2784:
2783:
2776:
2774:
2773:
2769:
2767:
2766:
2762:
2761:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2746:
2740:
2739:
2735:
2733:
2732:
2728:
2727:
2725:
2723:
2716:
2710:
2709:
2708:Talahpithecus
2705:
2703:
2702:
2701:Oligopithecus
2698:
2696:
2695:
2691:
2690:
2688:
2686:
2679:
2673:
2672:
2665:
2663:
2662:
2661:Micropithecus
2655:
2654:
2651:
2647:
2644:
2641:
2636:
2632:
2628:
2623:
2619:
2610:
2585:
2584:
2583:
2582:
2580:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2560:
2559:
2555:
2553:
2552:
2545:
2543:
2542:
2538:
2536:
2535:
2531:
2529:
2528:
2524:
2522:
2521:
2517:
2515:
2514:
2510:
2508:
2507:
2503:
2502:
2500:
2498:
2494:
2488:
2487:
2483:
2481:
2480:
2476:
2474:
2473:
2466:
2464:
2463:
2456:
2454:
2453:
2446:
2444:
2443:
2436:
2434:
2433:
2429:
2427:
2426:
2419:
2418:
2416:
2414:
2410:
2404:
2403:
2396:
2394:
2393:
2386:
2384:
2383:
2382:Protopithecus
2376:
2374:
2373:
2366:
2364:
2363:
2359:
2357:
2356:
2349:
2347:
2346:
2342:
2340:
2339:
2332:
2330:
2329:
2322:
2320:
2319:
2312:
2310:
2309:
2305:
2303:
2302:
2298:
2296:
2295:
2291:
2290:
2288:
2286:
2282:
2276:
2275:
2268:
2266:
2265:
2258:
2256:
2255:
2248:
2246:
2245:
2244:Plecturocebus
2241:
2239:
2238:
2234:
2232:
2231:
2224:
2222:
2221:
2220:Miocallicebus
2214:
2212:
2211:
2204:
2202:
2201:
2194:
2192:
2191:
2184:
2182:
2181:
2177:
2175:
2174:
2170:
2168:
2167:
2160:
2158:
2157:
2150:
2148:
2147:
2143:
2141:
2140:
2136:
2134:
2133:
2126:
2125:
2123:
2121:
2117:
2111:
2110:
2103:
2101:
2100:
2096:
2095:
2093:
2091:
2087:
2081:
2080:
2073:
2071:
2070:
2063:
2061:
2060:
2053:
2051:
2050:
2043:
2041:
2040:
2033:
2031:
2030:
2023:
2022:
2019:
2016:
2013:
2008:
1994:
1993:
1989:
1987:
1986:
1982:
1980:
1979:
1975:
1973:
1972:
1968:
1966:
1965:
1961:
1960:
1958:
1956:
1952:
1946:
1945:
1941:
1939:
1938:
1934:
1933:
1931:
1929:
1925:
1919:
1918:
1914:
1912:
1911:
1907:
1906:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1891:
1885:
1884:
1883:Siamopithecus
1880:
1878:
1877:
1873:
1871:
1870:
1866:
1864:
1863:
1859:
1857:
1856:
1852:
1849:
1848:
1847:Bugtipithecus
1844:
1842:
1841:
1840:Amphipithecus
1837:
1836:
1834:
1832:
1825:
1819:
1818:
1814:
1812:
1811:
1807:
1805:
1804:
1800:
1799:
1797:
1795:
1788:
1782:
1781:
1777:
1775:
1774:
1770:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1763:Afrotarsiidae
1757:
1750:
1749:
1742:
1739:
1738:
1731:
1729:
1728:
1727:Aseanpithecus
1721:
1719:
1718:
1711:
1708:
1707:
1700:
1699:
1696:
1692:
1689:
1686:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1668:
1664:
1654:
1632:
1631:
1630:
1629:
1627:
1625:
1621:
1610:
1609:
1602:
1600:
1599:
1595:
1593:
1592:
1585:
1583:
1582:
1575:
1573:
1572:
1571:Cephalopachus
1568:
1566:
1565:
1561:
1560:
1558:
1556:
1552:
1545:
1543:
1535:
1532:
1531:
1530:Afrotarsiidae
1524:
1522:
1521:
1514:
1513:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1487:
1486:
1482:
1480:
1479:
1475:
1473:
1472:
1468:
1467:
1465:
1463:
1462:Tarkadectinae
1459:
1453:
1452:
1448:
1446:
1445:
1441:
1439:
1438:
1434:
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1341:
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1336:
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1333:
1332:Ekwiiyemakius
1329:
1327:
1326:
1322:
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1319:
1315:
1313:
1312:
1308:
1306:
1305:
1301:
1299:
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1283:Ageitodendron
1280:
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1163:Anaptomorphus
1160:
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1142:
1136:
1135:
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1128:
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959:
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947:
945:
940:
938:
933:
932:
929:
920:
914:
910:
909:
903:
899:
893:
889:
882:
877:
873:
871:9780684824703
867:
863:
858:
854:
850:
846:
842:
838:
834:
829:
828:
823:
814:
810:
805:
800:
795:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
763:
760:
756:
752:
747:
744:
741:
735:
732:
727:
721:
718:
714:
710:
705:
702:
699:
694:
691:
688:, p. 130
687:
682:
680:
676:
669:
667:
665:
664:
659:
655:
647:
645:
643:
639:
634:
629:
627:
623:
619:
615:
611:
610:Proconsulidae
606:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
567:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
548:Lake Victoria
545:
538:
534:
529:
525:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
478:
471:
469:
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
411:
407:
403:
394:
392:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
365:
363:
359:
355:
354:
349:
345:
344:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
312:
308:
307:
296:
295:
291:
289:
288:
284:
282:
281:
277:
275:
274:
270:
269:
267:
262:
258:Hopwood, 1933
255:
254:
247:
244:
243:
240:
239:Proconsulinae
234:
231:
230:
227:
226:Proconsulidae
221:
218:
217:
214:
211:
208:
207:
204:
201:
198:
197:
194:
191:
188:
187:
184:
181:
178:
177:
174:
171:
168:
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164:
161:
158:
157:
154:
151:
148:
147:
142:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
116:
109:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
48:
41:
33:
30:
19:
4199:
4139:Paranthropus
4137:
4126:
4115:
4105:
4095:
4087:
4077:
4068:Ardipithecus
4066:
4043:
4018:
4008:
4000:
3979:Rudapithecus
3977:
3969:
3961:
3956:Dryopithecus
3954:
3947:
3940:
3904:Sivapithecus
3902:
3892:
3887:Meganthropus
3885:
3875:
3865:
3857:Indopithecus
3855:
3845:
3835:
3812:
3802:
3792:
3782:
3745:
3737:Symphalangus
3735:
3728:
3721:
3711:
3704:
3699:Bunopithecus
3697:
3674:
3667:
3660:
3653:
3647:Oreopithecus
3645:
3638:
3630:
3623:
3600:
3591:
3590:
3580:
3570:
3560:
3550:
3539:
3529:
3519:
3509:
3501:Afropithecus
3499:
3392:
3385:
3375:
3368:
3358:
3348:
3338:
3328:
3318:
3311:
3304:
3297:
3290:
3282:Dinopithecus
3280:
3270:
3252:Nanopithecus
3250:
3240:
3235:Erythrocebus
3233:
3226:
3219:
3212:
3205:
3176:
3169:
3162:
3155:
3145:
3140:Rhinocolobus
3138:
3128:
3121:
3114:
3109:Piliocolobus
3107:
3100:
3090:
3080:
3075:Microcolobus
3073:
3065:Mesopithecus
3063:
3055:Libypithecus
3053:
3043:
3033:
3023:
3016:
2993:
2986:
2980:Prohylobates
2978:
2970:
2965:Noropithecus
2963:
2940:
2903:
2896:
2889:
2882:
2875:
2868:
2861:
2854:
2847:Crouzeliidae
2834:
2827:
2809:Pliopithecus
2807:
2800:
2780:
2770:
2763:
2736:
2729:
2706:
2699:
2694:Catopithecus
2692:
2669:
2659:
2556:
2549:
2539:
2532:
2525:
2518:
2511:
2504:
2484:
2477:
2470:
2460:
2450:
2442:Dolichocebus
2440:
2430:
2423:
2400:
2390:
2380:
2370:
2360:
2353:
2343:
2336:
2326:
2316:
2306:
2299:
2292:
2272:
2262:
2252:
2242:
2235:
2228:
2218:
2210:Mazzonicebus
2208:
2198:
2188:
2178:
2171:
2166:Cebupithecia
2164:
2154:
2144:
2137:
2132:Antillothrix
2130:
2107:
2097:
2077:
2067:
2057:
2047:
2039:Perupithecus
2037:
2027:
1990:
1983:
1978:Parapithecus
1976:
1969:
1962:
1942:
1935:
1915:
1908:
1881:
1874:
1867:
1860:
1853:
1845:
1838:
1815:
1808:
1801:
1778:
1771:
1748:Phileosimias
1746:
1735:
1725:
1715:
1706:Altiatlasius
1704:
1608:Xanthorhysis
1606:
1596:
1591:Oligotarsius
1589:
1579:
1569:
1562:
1539:
1528:
1518:
1504:Tarsiiformes
1483:
1476:
1469:
1449:
1442:
1435:
1428:
1421:
1414:
1407:
1400:
1393:
1386:
1379:
1372:
1367:Macrotarsius
1365:
1358:
1351:
1344:
1337:
1330:
1323:
1316:
1309:
1302:
1295:
1288:
1281:
1259:
1252:
1245:
1238:
1231:
1224:
1219:Strigorhysis
1217:
1212:Sphacorhysis
1210:
1203:
1196:
1191:Chlororhysis
1189:
1182:
1175:
1168:
1161:
1154:
1132:
1125:
1118:
1111:
1104:
1097:
1092:Microchoerus
1090:
1083:
1076:
1056:
1049:
1043:Altiatlasius
1041:
1033:
907:
890:. Springer.
887:
861:
836:
832:
776:
772:
762:
746:
734:
720:
712:
704:
693:
661:
657:
653:
652:The species
651:
641:
630:
625:
621:
617:
616:had defined
607:
602:
598:
594:
586:
582:
574:
570:
568:
563:
559:
544:Louis Leakey
541:
532:
522:Missing Link
518:Ben Brierley
493:
483:
461:
457:
445:
444:
431:
417:
376:
366:
361:
357:
351:
347:
343:P. africanus
342:
332:, including
305:
304:
303:
292:
285:
278:
271:
252:
251:
238:
209:Infraorder:
127:
29:
3687:Hylobatidae
3377:Rungwecebus
3242:Miopithecus
3228:Chlorocebus
3157:Sawecolobus
3092:Paracolobus
2856:Anapithecus
2772:Paidopithex
2527:Leontocebus
2462:Panamacebus
2372:Paralouatta
2308:Brachyteles
2200:Insulacebus
2120:Pitheciidae
2059:Canaanimico
2012:Platyrrhini
1964:Abuqatrania
1780:Afrotarsius
1685:Simiiformes
1672:Simiiformes
1624:Simiiformes
1478:Tarkadectes
1318:Diablomomys
1297:Brontomomys
1233:Teilhardina
1177:Arapahovius
1170:Anemorhysis
1134:Vectipithex
1127:Quercyloris
1120:Pseudoloris
1099:Nannopithex
1085:Melaneremia
740:Tuttle 2006
709:Tuttle 2006
686:Morell 1996
591:Alan Walker
579:Mary Leakey
500:of 1903 in
446:Proconsul's
395:Description
348:P. gitongai
232:Subfamily:
213:Simiiformes
4298:Categories
3521:Equatorius
3480:Hominoidea
3467:Hominoidea
3426:see below↓
3417:Hominoidea
3313:Mandrillus
3299:Lophocebus
3272:Cercocebus
3123:Procolobus
2884:Fanchangia
2640:Catarrhini
2627:Catarrhini
2586:see below↓
2577:Catarrhini
2513:Callithrix
2452:Killikaike
2355:Mohanamico
2338:Chilecebus
2264:Soriacebus
2230:Nuciruptor
2190:Homunculus
2180:Chiropotes
2173:Cheracebus
2156:Carlocebus
2146:Callicebus
2109:Tremacebus
2079:Lagonimico
2069:Branisella
2049:Szalatavus
1876:Pondaungia
1794:Eosimiidae
1633:see below↓
1520:Archicebus
1402:Shoshonius
1346:Hemiacodon
1325:Dyseolemur
1311:Chumashius
1254:Trogolemur
1247:Tetonoides
1156:Absarokius
1106:Necrolemur
1051:Bownomomys
1003:Haplorhini
958:Haplorhini
824:References
658:P. nyanzae
556:chimpanzee
552:London Zoo
514:Manchester
506:chimpanzee
464:could not
428:Hominoidea
385:chimpanzee
373:great apes
203:Haplorhini
199:Suborder:
4200:Proconsul
3990:Gorillini
3920:Homininae
3763:Hominidae
3713:Hylobates
3592:Proconsul
3350:Pliopapio
3340:Parapapio
3263:Papionini
3130:Pygathrix
3116:Presbytis
3006:Colobinae
2905:Pliobates
2870:Crouzelia
2671:Saadanius
2506:Callimico
2425:Acrecebus
2402:Stirtonia
2345:Lagothrix
2328:Cartelles
2274:Xenothrix
2029:Parvimico
1555:Tarsiidae
1542:Omomyidae
1437:Washakius
1423:Uintanius
1374:Nesomomys
1304:Chipetaia
1290:Asiomomys
1273:Omomyinae
1226:Tatmanius
1184:Aycrossia
1113:Paraloris
1078:Indusomys
1020:Omomyidae
968:Kingdom:
779:: 42–61.
642:Proconsul
618:africanus
603:africanus
595:africanus
583:africanus
575:africanus
571:africanus
564:africanus
560:Proconsul
531:Skull of
494:Proconsul
462:Proconsul
458:Proconsul
432:Proconsul
377:Proconsul
362:Proconsul
358:P. meswae
306:Proconsul
253:Proconsul
159:Kingdom:
153:Eukaryota
128:Proconsul
35:Proconsul
4209:Wikidata
4056:Hominina
4032:Hominini
3949:Danuvius
3825:Ponginae
3784:Buronius
3730:Nomascus
3669:Simiolus
2558:Saguinus
2520:Cebuella
2472:Patasola
2392:Solimoea
2294:Alouatta
2285:Atelidae
2237:Pithecia
1985:Qatrania
1910:Arsinoea
1810:Eosimias
1444:Wyomomys
1409:Steinius
1395:Rooneyia
1353:Jemezius
1261:Walshina
1240:Tetonius
1198:Gazinius
1058:Kohatius
1035:Altanius
988:Primates
982:Mammalia
976:Chordata
974:Phylum:
970:Animalia
813:25962549
599:heseloni
587:heseloni
454:arboreal
353:P. major
318:primates
264:Species
219:Family:
193:Primates
183:Mammalia
173:Chordata
169:Phylum:
163:Animalia
149:Domain:
4268:3607921
4255:1340196
4242:4827206
4229:4454574
4215:Q131791
4117:Orrorin
4010:Gorilla
3706:Hoolock
3082:Nasalis
3025:Colobus
2551:Micodon
2486:Sapajus
2479:Saimiri
2413:Cebidae
2362:Oreonax
2318:Caipora
2139:Cacajao
2090:Aotidae
1971:Apidium
1944:Serapia
1917:Biretia
1803:Bahinia
1773:Afrasia
1737:Nosmips
1717:Amamria
1598:Tarsius
1564:Carlito
1485:Tarkops
1451:Yaquius
1416:Stockia
1388:Ourayia
1360:Loveina
986:Order:
980:Class:
841:Bibcode
781:Bibcode
715:, p. 17
622:nyanzae
597:became
535:at the
488:, near
324:epoch.
322:Miocene
311:extinct
245:Genus:
189:Order:
179:Class:
40:Miocene
3511:Ekembo
3306:Macaca
3171:Simias
2942:Alophe
2301:Ateles
1862:Krabia
1855:Ganlea
1430:Utahia
1381:Omomys
915:
894:
868:
811:
755:clades
663:Ekembo
490:Kisumu
381:London
369:gibbon
338:Uganda
326:Fossil
309:is an
4281:40895
4250:IRMNG
3894:Pongo
3723:Junzi
3320:Papio
2432:Cebus
2099:Aotus
1471:Tarka
884:(PDF)
670:Notes
626:major
502:Paris
334:Kenya
314:genus
4237:GBIF
4097:Homo
2782:Kapi
2541:Mico
913:ISBN
892:ISBN
866:ISBN
809:PMID
656:and
624:and
486:Koru
438:and
436:apes
422:and
389:apes
371:and
367:The
356:and
336:and
53:PreꞒ
4224:EoL
4045:Pan
849:doi
799:hdl
789:doi
589:by
512:in
424:ape
408:by
316:of
4300::
4278::
4265::
4252::
4239::
4226::
4211::
847:.
837:16
835:.
807:.
797:.
787:.
777:84
775:.
771:.
711:,
678:^
666:.
620:,
558:.
442:.
391:.
350:,
346:,
103:Pg
47:Ma
42:,
4135:†
4131:?
4124:†
4120:?
4113:†
4103:†
4092:?
4085:†
4075:†
4071:?
4064:†
4023:?
4016:†
4005:?
3998:†
3974:?
3966:?
3930:†
3900:†
3883:†
3873:†
3863:†
3853:†
3843:†
3833:†
3810:†
3800:†
3790:†
3780:†
3743:†
3719:†
3695:†
3650:?
3635:?
3613:†
3598:†
3588:†
3578:†
3568:†
3558:†
3548:†
3544:?
3537:†
3527:†
3517:†
3507:†
3497:†
3383:†
3366:†
3356:†
3346:†
3336:†
3326:†
3288:†
3278:†
3248:†
3153:†
3136:†
3098:†
3088:†
3071:†
3061:†
3051:†
3041:†
3031:†
3014:†
2983:?
2975:?
2953:†
2938:†
2778:†
2749:†
2719:†
2682:†
2667:†
2657:†
2547:†
2468:†
2458:†
2448:†
2438:†
2421:†
2398:†
2388:†
2378:†
2368:†
2351:†
2334:†
2324:†
2314:†
2270:†
2260:†
2250:†
2226:†
2216:†
2206:†
2196:†
2186:†
2162:†
2152:†
2128:†
2105:†
2075:†
2065:†
2055:†
2045:†
2035:†
2025:†
1894:†
1850:?
1828:†
1791:†
1765:?
1760:†
1751:?
1744:†
1740:?
1733:†
1723:†
1713:†
1709:?
1702:†
1611:?
1604:†
1587:†
1577:†
1546:?
1544:"
1540:"
1537:†
1533:?
1526:†
1516:†
1275:"
1271:"
1148:"
1144:"
1046:?
1038:?
1022:"
1018:"
1016:†
950:e
943:t
936:v
921:.
900:.
874:.
855:.
851::
843::
815:.
801::
791::
783::
757:.
412:.
249:†
236:†
223:†
108:N
98:K
93:J
88:T
83:P
78:C
73:D
68:S
63:O
58:Ꞓ
20:)
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