1893:
Cities occasionally mentioned, as
Schiras, Samarkand, Bokara, &c. Manners and Customs of those People, Persian Worshippers of Fire; Plants, Beasts, Product, and Trade. With many instructive and pleasant digressions, being remarkable Stories or Passages, occasionally occurring, as Strange Burials; Burning of the Dead; Liquors of several Countries; Hunting; Fishing; Practice of Physick; famous Physicians in the East; Actions of Tamerlan, &c. To which is added, an abridgment of the lives of the kings of Harmuz, or Ormuz. The Persian history written in Arabick, by Mirkond, a famous Eastern Author that of Ormuz, by Torunxa, King of that Island, both of them translated into Spanish, by Antony Teixeira, who lived several Years in Persia and India; and now rendered into English.
74:
855:
893:
873:
905:
373:
2089:: "The Occident was reassured that the Mongol alliance had not ceased with the conversion of the Khans to Islam. However, this alliance could not have ceased. The Mamelouks, through their repeated military actions, were becoming a strong enough danger to force Iran to maintain relations with Europe.", p. 437.
951:"We, Sultan Oljaitu. We speak. We, who by the strength of the Sky, rose to the throne (...), we, descendant of Genghis Khan (...). In truth, there cannot be anything better than concord. If anybody was not in concord with either you or ourselves, then we would defend ourselves together. Let the Sky decide!"
418:(History of Oljeitu), Öljeitu was at first known as "Öljei Buqa", and then "Temüder", and finally "Kharbanda". Various c. Same source also mentions that it rained when he was born, and the delighted Mongols called him by the Mongolian name Öljeitu (Өлзийт), meaning auspicious. He was later converted to
558:
was defeated and killed during the campaign, which paved way for Chupan to rise in ranks. Following this, he ordered another campaign against
Kartids, this time commanded by the late emir Danishmend's son Bujai. Bujai was successful after a siege from 5 February to 24 June 1306, finally capturing the
1892:
The history of Persia. Containing, the lives and memorable actions of its kings from the first erecting of that monarchy to this time; an exact
Description of all its Dominions; a curious Account of India, China, Tartary, Kermon, Arabia, Nixabur, and the Islands of Ceylon and Timor; as also of all
595:
An important change in administration happened in 1312 when Öljaitü's vizier Sa'd al-Din Savaji was arrested on charges of corruption and executed on 20 February 1312. He was soon replaced by Taj al-Din Ali Shah, who would head the
Ilkhanate civil administration until 1323. Another victim of the
973:, Togba and ourselves, main descendants of Gengis-Khan, all of us, descendants and brothers, are reconciled through the inspiration and the help of God. So that, from Nangkiyan (China) in the Orient, to Lake Dala our people are united and the roads are open."
923:, Öljeitu continued diplomatic overtures with the West, and re-stated Mongol hopes for an alliance between the Christian nations of Europe and the Mongols against the Mamluks, even though Öljeitu himself had converted to Islam.
746:
to a domed shrine he built in
Soltaniyeh. Later, alienated by the factional strife between the Sunnis, Oljeitu changed his school of thought to Shi'a Islam in 1310. At some point, he even considered converting to
588:'s best efforts to avert the impending doom, the citadel was at last taken after a siege by Ilkhanate troops and Kurdish tribesmen on 1 July 1310, and all the defenders were massacred, including many of the
511:(8 December 1305) in the same year, establishing an intra-Mongol peace. His reign also saw a wave of migration from Central Asia during 1306. Certain Borjigid princes, such as Mingqan Ke'un (grandson of
437:. Despite being appointed heir of Ghazan since 1299, after hearing news of his death he sought to eliminate potential rivals to throne. First such act was taken against Prince Alafrang, son of
2762:
694:
they received news of ilkhan's death, and a large part of the army deserted. The remainder – three hundred
Mongols and four hundred Arabs – were crushed by a horde of four thousand
2690:
2757:
3726:
1779:
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on his way, causing much disturbance. Upon protests from Golden Horde emissaries, Öljaitü had to execute Baba, claiming he was not informed of such unauthorized acts.
538:
ruler Fakhr al-Din in 1306, but succeeded only briefly; his emir
Danishmend was killed during the ambush. He started his second military campaign in June 1307 towards
742:. Although another source indicates he converted to Islam through the persuasions of his wife. Upon Al-Hilli's death, Oljeitu transferred his teacher's remains from
3711:
1783:
1007:
to the
Christians, and to declare that the Mongol embassy from Öljeitu "cheered him like spiritual sustenance". Relations were quite warm: in 1307, the Pope named
2214:
1775:
2404:(in Arabic) (1st ed.). Makkah: Jāmi‘at Umm al-Qurá, Markaz al-Baḥth al-‘Ilmī wa-Iḥyā’ al-Turāth al-Islāmī, Kullīyat al-Sharīʻah wa-al-Dirāsāt al-Islāmīyah.
659:
in 1315 with the Uyghur noble Amir
Sevinch as his guardian. Another descendant of Jochi Qasar, Baba Oghul arrived from Central Asia in the same year, pillaging
1076:"took the cross", making the vow to go on a Crusade in the Levant, thus responding to Clement V's call for a Crusade. He was however warned against leaving by
3240:
449:
He arrived in the Ujan plain on 9 July 1304 and was crowned on 19 July 1304. Rashid al-Din wrote that he adopted the name
Oljeitu following Yuan emperor
678:
and Arabs under the command of Sayyid Talib al-Dilqandi to bring the Hijaz under Ilkhanid control. He also planned to exhume the bodies of the caliphs
3008:
3000:
3716:
2487:
3736:
3248:
1562:"Arghun had one of his sons baptized, Khordabandah, the future Öljeitu, and in the Pope's honor, went as far as giving him the name Nicholas",
3304:
2357:
2287:
2262:
2237:
2190:
2039:
2000:
1847:
1751:
1547:
1520:
1446:
730:Öljaitü had been professing Buddhism, Christianity and Islam throughout his life. After succeeding his brother, Öljeitu became influenced by
3331:
3280:
3256:
3055:
2705:
3039:
2992:
2420:
1003:("Sword-bearer"). This embassy encouraged Pope Clement V to speak in 1307 of the strong possibility that the Mongols could remit the
824:
Trading contacts with European powers were very active during the reign of Öljeitu. The Genoese had first appeared in the capital of
3288:
3200:
2391:
2374:
2339:
2328:
2086:
1662:
1413:
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38:
457:. His full regnal title was Ghiyath al-Din Muhammad Khudabanda Öljaitü Sultan. Upon accession, he made several appointments, such
3272:
3232:
1611:
840:, Tabriz was specialized in the production of gold and silk, and Western merchants could purchase precious stones in quantities.
3721:
3296:
3224:
3130:
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1044:. In 1305, Oljeitu promised his father in law 40,000 men, and in 1308 dispatched 30,000 men to recover many Byzantine towns in
966:
947:. The letter to Philip IV, the only one to have survived, describes the virtues of concord between the Mongols and the Franks:
719:
441:. He was killed by an emissary of Öljaitü on 30 May 1304. Another powerful emir, Horqudaq was likewise captured and executed.
3731:
3347:
3192:
3104:
3096:
3029:
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about military plans for a Crusade envisaged a Mongol invasion of Syria as a preliminary to a Western intervention (1307/8).
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3374:
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2720:
2715:
3184:
2982:
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3323:
3174:
3122:
2974:
2480:
1474:
Ryan, James D. (November 1998). "Christian wives of Mongol khans: Tartar queens and missionary expectations in Asia".
616:, ilkhan invested Qara Sonqur (now under the new name Aq Sonqur) with the governorate of Maragheh and al-Afram with
1986:
1686:
1018:
European nations accordingly prepared a crusade, but were delayed. A memorandum drafted by the Grand Master of the
804:
580:. The uprising was swiftly defeated. Another religious revolt, this time by 10.000 strong Christians, broke out in
3706:
3208:
3166:
3149:
3083:
3063:
3047:
2809:
2362:
1702:"Mirza Ulugh Beg on the Chinggisids on the Throne of Iran: The Reigns of Öljaitü Khan and Abu Sa'id Bahadur Khan"
1328:
1260:
1181:
648:
225:
160:
126:
1934:
Al Oraibi, Ali (2001). "Rationalism in the school of Bahrain: a historical perspective". In Lynda Clarke (ed.).
1864:
1165:
Khatun - with Eltuzmish Khatun, married firstly on 6 September 1319 to Amir Chupan, married secondly in 1336 to
484:
on 21 April 1304. Öljaitü appointed his father-in-law and uncle Irinjin as viceroy of Anatolia on 27 June 1305.
3073:
1601:
Rashīd al-Dīn Ṭabīb, Jāmiʿ al-tawārīkh, ed. Muḥammad Raushan and Muṣṭafa Mūsavī (Tehran: Alburz, 1994), p. 1324
987:, or at least attempts towards such an alliance, had not ceased, even though the Khans had converted to Islam.
1948:
The preaching of Islam: a history of the propagation of the Muslim faith By Sir Thomas Walker Arnold, p. 197.
3114:
1364:
829:
671:
2255:
Ferdowsi, the Mongols and the History of Iran: Art, Literature and Culture from Early Islam to Qajar Persia
854:
674:, arrived at the Ilkhanate court in 1315, ilkhan on his part provided Humaydah an army of several thousand
2752:
2473:
1040:
gave a daughter in marriage to Oljeitu and asked the Ilkhan's assistance against growing the power of the
984:
932:
897:
865:
849:
715:
481:
462:
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1077:
1022:
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was accused of having caused his death by poisoning and was executed. Oljeitu was succeeded by his son
73:
836:
through a treaty in 1306 (another such treaty with his son Abu Said was signed in 1320). According to
759:
that Oljeitu had once again became Sunni in the last few years before his death in the Ramadan of 716
3701:
3696:
2867:
1138:
1069:
1019:
1008:
996:
568:
470:
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422:
Islam along with his brother Ghazan. Like his brother, he changed his first name to the Islamic name
3633:
892:
631:
Meanwhile, relations between other Mongol realms were getting heated. The new khan of Golden Horde,
3643:
2597:
944:
936:
656:
504:
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and Sa'd al-Din Savaji as his viziers on 22 July 1304. Another appointment was Asil al-Din, son of
31:
2036:
2519:
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1769:
1680:
1491:
1315:
1119:
739:
342:
202:
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2797:
2737:
1654:
1099:Öljaitü had thirteen consorts with several issues, albeit only one surviving son and daughter:
904:
876:
Letter of Öljeitu to Philippe le Bel, 1305. Written in classical Mongolian script, bearing the
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2416:
2387:
2370:
2353:
2335:
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2283:
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2233:
2196:
2186:
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2006:
1996:
1870:
1843:
1757:
1747:
1668:
1658:
1543:
1516:
1442:
1419:
1409:
1211:
Kunjuskab Khatun (m. 1305), daughter of Shadi Kurkan and Orqudaq Khatun (widow of Ghazan Khan)
1065:
881:
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597:
434:
397:
210:
134:
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1339:
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877:
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411:
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2043:
1279:
1274:Öljaitü also allegedly had an additional son, Ilchi who was claimed as an ancestor of the
1156:
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229:
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A final settlement with the Mamluks would only be found when Oljeitu's son signed the
3690:
3547:
3542:
3478:
2785:
2603:
2496:
2440:
2397:
Ibn Fahd, Najm al-Din Umar ibn Muḥammad (1983–1984) . Shaltūt, Fahīm Muḥammad (ed.).
2345:
1647:
1495:
1291:
1170:
1166:
1041:
1037:
516:
450:
357:
1251:
Adil Shah Khatun, daughter of Amir Sartaq, the amir-ordu of Bulughan Khatun Buzurg;
3447:
2887:
2804:
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2532:
1235:
1226:
784:
535:
508:
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372:
303:
79:
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2067:
1653:. Fisher, W. B. (William Bayne). Cambridge: University Press. 1968–1991. pp.
714:
on 17 December 1316, having reigned for twelve years and nine months. Afterwards,
644:
512:
2410:
1837:
1537:
1510:
1214:
Oljatai Khatun (m. 1306, died 4 October 1315) - sister of Hajji Khatun (widow of
433:. After his brother Ghazan's accession to throne, he was appointed as viceroy of
3613:
3562:
3522:
3491:
2592:
2253:
Hillenbrand, Robert; Peacock, A. C. S.; Abdullaheva, Firuza (January 29, 2014).
1577:
1267:
1215:
978:
Extract from the letter of Oljeitu to Philip the Fair. French national archives.
956:
Extract from the letter of Oljeitu to Philip the Fair. French national archives.
308:
249:
3658:
3567:
2917:
2902:
2639:
1487:
1127:
1104:
837:
808:
792:
772:
760:
711:
666:Öljaitü's reign is also remembered for a brief effort at Ilkhanid invasion of
625:
377:
313:
103:
2412:
Power, Politics, and Tradition in the Mongol Empire and the Īlkhānate of Iran
2200:
2010:
1995:. Le Strange, G. (Guy), 1854-1933. Kilkerran: Hardinge Simpole. p. 162.
1874:
1761:
1423:
961:
He also explained that internal conflicts between the Mongols were now over:
563:
specialists is known to have accompanied the Ilkhanid army in this conquest.
360:(5th successor of Genghis Khan), and great-grandson of the Ilkhanate founder
3527:
3517:
2882:
2862:
2857:
2816:
1123:
1033:
1012:
1004:
752:
596:
purge was Taj al-Din Avaji, a follower of Sa'd al-Din. Öljaitü also finally
573:
555:
458:
454:
330:
270:
88:
1188:
Qutlughshah Khatun (betrothed 18 March 1305, m. 20 June 1305), daughter of
2180:
1990:
1672:
1346:. Also occasionally spelled Oljeitu, Olcayto, Uljeitu, Öljaitu, or Ölziit.
396:
Christian Uruk Khatun on 24 March 1282 during his father's viceroyalty in
3653:
2872:
2732:
2614:
1701:
1162:
1131:
1045:
748:
731:
679:
660:
601:
560:
438:
406:
401:
393:
298:
236:
63:
1244:
Dunya Khatun, daughter of al-Malik al-Malik Najm ad-Din Ghazi, ruler of
3623:
3618:
3608:
3593:
2897:
2852:
2847:
2634:
2624:
2562:
1296:
1201:
1189:
1178:
Hajji Khatun, daughter of Chichak, son of Sulamish and Todogaj Khatun;
1088:
1049:
743:
695:
617:
547:
265:
17:
1822:
1744:
The Mongols & the Islamic world : from conquest to conversion
3603:
3577:
3572:
2907:
2877:
2837:
2587:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2527:
1405:
1245:
1234:
Soyurghatmish Khatun, daughter of Amir Husayn Jalayir, and sister of
1222:
1205:
1111:
970:
920:
916:
908:
833:
825:
800:
796:
791:, and endowed it with an income of 10,000 Dinars a year. His tomb in
780:
687:
675:
621:
605:
554:, Toghan and Mu'min. Despite initial success, his commander-in-chief
551:
474:
400:. He was given the name Khar-banda (Mule driver) at birth, raised as
389:
361:
353:
334:
280:
116:
572:
by Rashid al-Din on 14 April 1307. Later in 1307, a revolt broke in
3648:
3628:
3557:
3537:
3532:
3512:
3452:
2619:
2609:
2557:
903:
691:
667:
613:
600:, in which he was unsuccessful, though he reportedly briefly took
581:
577:
543:
531:
524:
520:
496:
430:
419:
371:
1404:(in Persian). Hambalī, Mahīn., همبلى، مهين. (Chāp-i 2 ed.).
1200:
Bulughan Khatun Khurasani (m. 23 June 1305, d. 5 January 1310 in
1110:
Dowlandi Khatun (died 1314) married on 30 September 1305 to Amir
612:—al-Afram defected to Öljaitü. Despite extradition requests from
3598:
3552:
2912:
2842:
2465:
1400:
Kāshānī, ʻAbd Allāh ibn ʻAlī.; كاشانى، عبد الله بن على. (2005).
788:
683:
500:
381:
338:
3427:
2938:
2660:
2507:
2469:
3638:
639:
on 13 October 1312. Öljaitü also supported the latter during
3033:(1205 / 1207 / 1209–10 / 1225–27)
775:
on Qongqur-Oleng plains in 1306. In 1309, Öljeitu founded a
576:
under the leadership of certain Musa, who claimed to be the
429:
He participated in battles involving Ghazan's fight against
1961:, ed. Ehsan Yarshater, (Bibliotheca Persica, 1988), p. 255.
1936:
Shīʻite Heritage: Essays on Classical and Modern Traditions
1374:, meaning the 'slave of God' or 'servant of God' in Persian
542:. It was a success thanks to combines forces of emirs like
566:
Another important event of 1307 was the completion of the
1118:
Eltuzmish Khatun (m. 1296, d. 10 October 1308, buried in
1068:. Another embassy was sent by Oljeitu to the West and to
647:. After repelling Chagatai armies, he appointed his son
404:
and later baptised in 1291, receiving the name Nikolya (
1333:
643:
in 1314, annexing Southern Afghanistan after expelling
527:) arrived in Khorasan with 30.000 or 50.000 followers.
2304:
History of the Arghuns and Tarkhans of Sind, 1507-1593
1815:
Rashīd al-Dīn and the making of history in Mongol Iran
1266:
Tugha Khatun, a lady accused of having an affair with
1221:
Abu'l Khayr (b. 1305, died in infancy, buried next to
1204:), daughter of Tasu and Mangli Tegin Khatun (widow of
832:
by 1304. Oljeitu also gave full trading rights to the
2763:
List of battles of the Mongol invasion of Kievan Rus'
1866:
Encyclopaedia of Islam. Second edition Second edition
1369:
995:
Another embassy was sent to the West in 1307, led by
983:
This message reassured the European nations that the
461:
to the post of commander-in-chief of Ilkhanate army,
1103:
Terjughan Khatun, daughter of Lagzi Güregen (son of
635:
sent an emissary to Öljaitü, renewing his claims to
3586:
3505:
3438:
3367:
3316:
3165:
3142:
3095:
3020:
2965:
2958:
2825:
2771:
2683:
2571:
2518:
329:(24 March 1282 – 16 December 1316), was the eighth
294:
286:
276:
264:
248:
209:
197:
185:
170:
166:
156:
148:
140:
132:
122:
112:
102:
94:
87:
49:
2321:The Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire
1155:Muhammad Tayfur (b. 3 December 1306) (named after
2758:Lists of battles of the Mongol invasion of Europe
2280:Byzantium and the Turks in the Thirteenth Century
2022:
2020:
1919:Alizadeh, Saeed; Alireza Pahlavani; Ali Sadrnia.
1742:Jackson, Peter, 1948 January 27- (4 April 2017).
256:Ghiyath al-Din Muhammad Khudabanda Öljaitü Sultan
1839:Islam, Literature and Society in Mongol Anatolia
868:, BnF. MS. Supplément Persan 1113. 1430-1434 AD.
3178:(1220–22 / 1226–31 / 1237–64)
2160:Jean Richard, "Histoire des Croisades", p. 485.
963:
949:
931:In April 1305, he sent a Mongol embassy led by
604:. It was when Mamluk emirs, former governor of
1975:. Vol. 4. دار الفكر المعاصر. p. 314.
1060:On 4 April 1312, a Crusade was promulgated by
1048:and the Ilkhanid army crushed a detachment of
799:, remains the best known monument of Ilkhanid
771:He oversaw the end of construction of city of
2481:
1080:, and died soon after in a hunting accident.
8:
1148:Bayazid (1300 - 19 April 1308) (named after
690:. However, soon after the expedition passed
598:launched a last campaign against the Mamluks
1842:. Cambridge University Press. p. 249.
1778:) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1122:), daughter of Qutlugh Timur Kurkan of the
900:, on the back of the letter (visible here).
858:Mongol soldiers at the time of Öljeitü, in
3435:
3424:
2962:
2955:
2935:
2680:
2657:
2515:
2504:
2488:
2474:
2466:
2429:
2213:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1938:. Global Academic Publishing. p. 336.
1886:
1884:
1782:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1774:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1408:: Shirkat Intishārat-i ʻIlmī va Farhangī.
1137:Bastam (1297 - 15 October 1309) - married
608:—Shams al-Din Qara Sonqur and governor of
473:. Another political decision was revoking
72:
46:
1717:
1512:The Mongols and the Armenians (1220-1335)
1241:Qongtai Khatun, daughter of Timur Kurkan;
1072:in 1313. That same year, the French king
755:mentioned in his biographical dictionary
2282:. Oxford University Press. p. 212.
2230:Continuity and Change in Medieval Persia
1959:Continuity and Change in Medieval Persia
1649:The Cambridge history of Iran. Volume V.
891:
871:
853:
828:in 1280, and they maintained a resident
3727:Converts to Shia Islam from Sunni Islam
1578:"OLCAYTU HAN - TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi"
1509:Dashdondog, Bayarsaikhan (2010-12-07).
1387:
1308:
3712:Converts to Buddhism from Christianity
3108:(1277 / 1283 / 1287)
3067:(1236 / 1240 / 1252)
2352:, New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010,
2228:Lambton, Ann K. S. (January 1, 1988).
2206:
2182:Text and image in medieval Persian art
1767:
1678:
245:
1808:
1806:
1737:
1735:
1700:Tulibayeva, Zhuldyz M. (2018-06-26).
1641:
1639:
1637:
1635:
1633:
1631:
1126:, sister of Taraqai Kurkan (widow of
32:Mohammed Khodabanda (Safavid dynasty)
7:
2691:Administrative divisions and vassals
1476:Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society
1461:
1395:
1393:
1391:
1282:dynasties of Afghanistan and India.
999:, an Italian described as Öljeitu's
896:Translation of Öljeitu's message by
2399:Itḥāf al-wará bi-akhbār Umm al-Qurá
1719:10.22378/2313-6197.2018-6-2.422-438
1539:The Mongols and the West: 1221-1410
1359:
1343:
888:. The huge roll measures 302x50 cm.
1905:
1612:"ALĀFRANK – Encyclopaedia Iranica"
469:as his father's successor to head
341:. His name means 'blessed' in the
25:
2035:Mostaert and Cleaves, pp. 56–57,
1439:Beyond the Legacy of Genghis Khan
1254:Sulayman Shah (d. 10 August 1310)
698:led Muhammad ibn Isa (brother of
487:He received ambassadors from the
78:Öljaitü and ambassadors from the
1836:Peacock, A. C. S. (2019-10-17).
1817:(PhD thesis). pp. 204–224.
1141:on 12 January 1305 (named after
807:, his body was later exhumed by
751:in early 1310. Mamluk historian
3717:Converts to Islam from Buddhism
2319:Atwood, Christopher P. (2004).
1992:Embassy to Tamerlane, 1403-1406
1746:. New Haven. pp. 201–206.
592:inhabitants of the lower town.
388:Öljaitü was born as the son of
2278:Korobeinikov, Dimitri (2014).
2140:Byzantine Armies: AD 1118–1461
620:. Qara Sonqur was later given
530:He undertook an expedition to
495:(in persons of Chapar, son of
98:9 July 1304 – 16 December 1316
1:
3737:14th-century monarchs in Asia
3678:Timeline of the Mongol Empire
3375:Division of the Mongol Empire
2257:. I. B. Tauris. p. 131.
1921:Iran: A Chronological History
1813:Kamola, Stefan (2013-07-25).
1536:Jackson, Peter (2014-05-01).
1169:, married thirdly in 1339 to
1015:and Patriarch of the Orient.
559:citadel. A corps of Frankish
1259:Despina Khatun, daughter of
376:The mausoleum of Öljaitü at
82:, 1438, "Majma' al-Tavarikh"
2625:Manghit / Mangudai
2415:. Oxford University Press.
2402:إتحاف الورى بأخبار أم القرى
2384:Histoire de l'Empire Mongol
2232:. SUNY Press. p. 293.
2080:Histoire de l'Empire Mongol
2056:Histoire de l'Empire Mongol
1971:الصفدي, صلاح الدين (1998).
1564:Histoire de l'Empire Mongol
1370:
1334:
356:, brother and successor of
333:ruler from 1304 to 1316 in
3753:
3404:Esen Buqa–Ayurbarwada war
2350:Religions of the Silk Road
2185:. Edinburgh. p. 126.
2054:Quoted in Jean-Paul Roux,
1542:. Routledge. p. 177.
847:
523:), Temür (a descendant of
515:and grandfather of future
36:
29:
3675:
3434:
3423:
3219:(1223 / 1236–40)
3125:(1257 / 1284–88)
2954:
2934:
2748:Byzantine–Mongol Alliance
2679:
2656:
2514:
2503:
2454:
2445:
2437:
2432:
1582:islamansiklopedisi.org.tr
1566:, Jean-Paul Roux, p. 408.
1488:10.1017/s1356186300010506
1319:
1261:Andronikos II Palaiologos
255:
244:
71:
58:
2401:
2367:The Mongols and the West
2302:Mahmudul Hasan Siddiqi,
2109:The Mongols and the West
1987:González de Clavijo, Ruy
1973:أعيان العصر وأعوان النصر
1869:. Leiden: Brill Online.
1798:The Mongols and the West
1437:Komaroff, Linda (2012).
1011:the first Archbishop of
911:and his brother Öljaitü.
880:reading "真命皇帝天順萬夷之寶" in
37:Not to be confused with
30:Not to be confused with
27:Ilkhan from 1304 to 1316
2701:Invasions and conquests
2620:Paiza / Gerege
1576:Özgüdenli, Osman Gazi.
1130:and previously that of
1029:Military operation 1308
915:After his predecessors
805:Ruy González de Clavijo
672:Humaydah ibn Abi Numayy
3722:Critics of Sunni Islam
3358:(1260 / 1301)
3086:(1274 / 1281)
2753:Franco-Mongol alliance
2409:Hope, Michael (2016).
2323:. Facts on File, Inc.
2179:Blair, Sheila (2014).
2151:Peter Jackson, p. 172.
2129:Peter Jackson, p. 185.
2098:Peter Jackson, p. 173.
1685:: CS1 maint: others (
1515:. BRILL. p. 203.
1192:, and Konchak Khatun;
1182:Abu Sa'id Bahadur Khan
985:Franco-Mongol alliance
981:
959:
933:Buscarello de Ghizolfi
912:
901:
898:Buscarello de Ghizolfi
889:
869:
866:Rashid-al-Din Hamadani
850:Franco-Mongol alliance
795:, 300 km west of
716:Rashid al-Din Hamadani
482:Qutb al-Din Shah Jahan
385:
348:He was the son of the
3732:Mongol Empire Muslims
2369:, Pearson Education,
1616:www.iranicaonline.org
1441:. BRILL. p. 19.
1078:Enguerrand de Marigny
1023:Guillaume de Villaret
907:
895:
875:
857:
815:Relations with Europe
686:from their graves in
491:(19 September 1305),
414:. However, according
375:
327:Mohammad-e Khodabande
3249:Serbia and Bulgaria
1139:Uljay Qutlugh Khatun
1020:Knights Hospitallers
1009:John of Montecorvino
997:Tommaso Ugi di Siena
628:on 17 January 1314.
471:Maragheh observatory
392:and his third wife,
66:of the Land of Iran)
60:Pādishāh-i Īrānzamīn
53:Muhammad Khodabandeh
3496:Khagans of the Yuan
3225:Poland and Bohemia
3001:Khwarazmian Empire
2726:Society and economy
2078:Jean-Paul Roux, in
1706:Golden Horde Review
945:Edward I of England
937:Philip IV of France
935:to the French king
3241:Holy Roman Empire
2696:Banner/Bunchuk/Tug
2042:2008-04-04 at the
1957:Ann K.S. Lambton,
1903:al-Najm Ibn Fahd,
1120:Dome of Sultaniyeh
1107:) and Baba Khatun
913:
902:
890:
886:Temür Khan of Yuan
870:
740:Maitham Al Bahrani
519:), Sarban (son of
386:
343:Mongolian language
203:Dome of Soltaniyeh
3684:
3683:
3671:
3670:
3667:
3666:
3419:
3418:
3415:
3414:
3396:Kaidu–Kublai war
3388:Berke–Hulagu war
3380:Toluid Civil War
3161:
3160:
2930:
2929:
2926:
2925:
2733:House of Borjigin
2652:
2651:
2648:
2647:
2464:
2463:
2455:Succeeded by
2358:978-0-230-62125-1
2289:978-0-198-70826-1
2264:978-1-780-76015-5
2239:978-0-887-06133-2
2192:978-0-7486-5578-6
2002:978-1-84382-198-4
1849:978-1-108-49936-1
1753:978-0-300-22728-4
1549:978-1-317-87899-5
1522:978-90-04-18635-4
1448:978-90-04-24340-8
1368:
1332:
1066:Council of Vienne
882:Classical Chinese
844:Military alliance
702:) in March 1317.
641:Chagatai-Yuan war
467:Nasir al-Din Tusi
320:
319:
316:(until his death)
260:
259:
16:(Redirected from
3744:
3707:Il-Khan emperors
3482:
3469:
3466:Töregene Khatun
3456:
3436:
3425:
3407:
3399:
3391:
3383:
3359:
3351:
3343:
3335:
3327:
3308:
3300:
3292:
3284:
3276:
3268:
3260:
3252:
3244:
3236:
3228:
3220:
3212:
3204:
3196:
3188:
3180:
3179:
3153:
3134:
3126:
3118:
3110:
3109:
3087:
3077:
3069:
3068:
3059:
3051:
3043:
3035:
3034:
3012:
3004:
2996:
2986:
2978:
2963:
2956:
2936:
2898:Shangdu (Xanadu)
2888:Sarai Batu/Berke
2793:Chagatai Khanate
2681:
2658:
2516:
2505:
2490:
2483:
2476:
2467:
2452:1304–1316
2448:Ilkhanid dynasty
2438:Preceded by
2430:
2426:
2405:
2307:
2300:
2294:
2293:
2275:
2269:
2268:
2250:
2244:
2243:
2225:
2219:
2218:
2212:
2204:
2176:
2170:
2169:Richard, p. 485.
2167:
2161:
2158:
2152:
2149:
2143:
2136:
2130:
2127:
2121:
2118:
2112:
2105:
2099:
2096:
2090:
2076:
2070:
2065:
2059:
2052:
2046:
2033:
2027:
2026:Jackson, p. 298.
2024:
2015:
2014:
1983:
1977:
1976:
1968:
1962:
1955:
1949:
1946:
1940:
1939:
1931:
1925:
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1916:
1910:
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1500:
1499:
1471:
1465:
1459:
1453:
1452:
1434:
1428:
1427:
1402:Tārīkh-i Ūljāytū
1397:
1375:
1373:
1363:
1361:
1353:
1347:
1345:
1337:
1327:
1325:
1324:
1313:
1085:Treaty of Aleppo
979:
965:"Now all of us,
957:
861:Jami al-Tawarikh
569:Jami al-Tawarikh
493:Chagatai Khanate
416:Tarikh-i Uljaytu
412:Pope Nicholas IV
331:Ilkhanid dynasty
325:, also known as
246:
192:
189:16 December 1316
180:
178:
76:
54:
47:
21:
3752:
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3349:
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3333:
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3306:
3298:
3290:
3282:
3274:
3266:
3258:
3250:
3242:
3234:
3226:
3218:
3210:
3202:
3201:Volga Bulgaria
3194:
3186:
3177:
3175:
3157:
3151:
3138:
3132:
3124:
3116:
3107:
3105:
3091:
3085:
3075:
3066:
3064:
3057:
3056:Southern China
3049:
3041:
3040:Northern China
3032:
3030:
3016:
3010:
3002:
2994:
2984:
2976:
2950:
2949:
2922:
2821:
2798:House of Ögedei
2767:
2738:House of Ögedei
2706:Destructiveness
2675:
2674:
2644:
2581:
2567:
2510:
2499:
2494:
2460:
2451:
2443:
2423:
2408:
2403:
2396:
2380:Roux, Jean-Paul
2316:
2311:
2310:
2306:(1972), p. 249.
2301:
2297:
2290:
2277:
2276:
2272:
2265:
2252:
2251:
2247:
2240:
2227:
2226:
2222:
2205:
2193:
2178:
2177:
2173:
2168:
2164:
2159:
2155:
2150:
2146:
2137:
2133:
2128:
2124:
2119:
2115:
2107:Peter Jackson,
2106:
2102:
2097:
2093:
2077:
2073:
2066:
2062:
2053:
2049:
2044:Wayback Machine
2034:
2030:
2025:
2018:
2003:
1985:
1984:
1980:
1970:
1969:
1965:
1956:
1952:
1947:
1943:
1933:
1932:
1928:
1918:
1917:
1913:
1902:
1898:
1890:Stevens, John.
1889:
1882:
1862:
1861:
1857:
1850:
1835:
1834:
1830:
1812:
1811:
1804:
1796:Peter Jackson,
1795:
1791:
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1384:
1379:
1378:
1354:
1350:
1322:
1320:
1314:
1310:
1305:
1288:
1157:Bayazid Bastami
1150:Bayazid Bastami
1143:Bayazid Bastami
1097:
1074:Philippe le Bel
1058:
1031:
993:
980:
977:
958:
955:
929:
852:
846:
822:
817:
803:. According to
777:Dar al-Sayyedah
769:
728:
708:
700:Muhanna ibn Isa
546:, Esen Qutluq,
447:
370:
312:
307:
302:
239:
235:
234:Dowlandi Khatun
233:
228:
224:
222:
220:
218:
216:
205:
190:
176:
174:
83:
61:
52:
51:
44:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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3580:
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3560:
3555:
3550:
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3540:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3509:
3507:
3503:
3502:
3500:
3499:
3489:
3484:
3479:Oghul Qaimish
3476:
3471:
3463:
3458:
3450:
3444:
3442:
3432:
3431:
3428:
3421:
3420:
3417:
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3377:
3371:
3369:
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3329:
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3120:
3112:
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3071:
3061:
3053:
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3018:
3017:
3015:
3014:
3006:
2998:
2990:
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2788:
2777:
2775:
2769:
2768:
2766:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2743:Mongol Armenia
2740:
2735:
2729:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2687:
2685:
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2508:
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2500:
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2478:
2470:
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2461:
2456:
2453:
2444:
2439:
2435:
2434:
2433:Regnal titles
2428:
2427:
2422:978-0198768593
2421:
2406:
2394:
2377:
2363:Jackson, Peter
2360:
2346:Foltz, Richard
2343:
2332:
2315:
2312:
2309:
2308:
2295:
2288:
2270:
2263:
2245:
2238:
2220:
2191:
2171:
2162:
2153:
2144:
2131:
2122:
2113:
2100:
2091:
2071:
2060:
2047:
2028:
2016:
2001:
1978:
1963:
1950:
1941:
1926:
1923:. p. 137.
1911:
1896:
1880:
1863:Brill Online.
1855:
1848:
1828:
1802:
1789:
1752:
1731:
1712:(2): 422–438.
1692:
1663:
1627:
1603:
1594:
1568:
1555:
1548:
1528:
1521:
1501:
1482:(9): 411–421.
1466:
1464:, p. 185.
1454:
1447:
1429:
1414:
1386:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1377:
1376:
1348:
1307:
1306:
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1209:
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1197:
1196:
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1184:
1176:
1175:
1174:
1160:
1153:
1146:
1116:
1115:
1114:
1096:
1093:
1062:Pope Clement V
1057:
1054:
1030:
1027:
992:
989:
975:
953:
941:Pope Clement V
928:
925:
845:
842:
821:
820:Trade contacts
818:
816:
813:
783:'s lodge") in
768:
765:
727:
724:
707:
704:
586:Mar Yahballaha
446:
443:
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2:
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3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3548:Chagatai Khan
3546:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3510:
3508:
3504:
3497:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3445:
3443:
3441:
3437:
3433:
3426:
3422:
3408:
3402:
3400:
3394:
3392:
3386:
3384:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3372:
3370:
3366:
3360:
3354:
3352:
3346:
3344:
3338:
3336:
3330:
3328:
3322:
3321:
3319:
3315:
3309:
3303:
3301:
3295:
3293:
3287:
3285:
3279:
3277:
3271:
3269:
3263:
3261:
3257:Latin Empire
3255:
3253:
3247:
3245:
3239:
3237:
3231:
3229:
3223:
3221:
3215:
3213:
3207:
3205:
3199:
3197:
3191:
3189:
3183:
3181:
3173:
3172:
3170:
3168:
3164:
3154:
3148:
3147:
3145:
3141:
3135:
3129:
3127:
3121:
3119:
3113:
3111:
3103:
3102:
3100:
3098:
3094:
3088:
3082:
3081:
3078:
3072:
3070:
3062:
3060:
3054:
3052:
3046:
3044:
3038:
3036:
3028:
3027:
3025:
3023:
3019:
3013:
3007:
3005:
2999:
2997:
2991:
2987:
2981:
2980:
2979:
2973:
2972:
2970:
2968:
2964:
2961:
2957:
2953:
2945:
2942:
2941:
2937:
2933:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2830:
2828:
2824:
2818:
2815:
2811:
2808:
2807:
2806:
2803:
2799:
2796:
2795:
2794:
2791:
2787:
2786:Northern Yuan
2784:
2783:
2782:
2779:
2778:
2776:
2774:
2770:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2730:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2711:Imperial Seal
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2688:
2686:
2682:
2678:
2670:
2667:
2664:
2663:
2659:
2655:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2605:
2604:Pax Mongolica
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2585:
2583:
2577:
2574:
2573:
2570:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2525:
2523:
2521:
2517:
2513:
2506:
2502:
2498:
2497:Mongol Empire
2491:
2486:
2484:
2479:
2477:
2472:
2471:
2468:
2459:
2450:
2449:
2442:
2441:Mahmud Ghazan
2436:
2431:
2424:
2418:
2414:
2413:
2407:
2400:
2395:
2393:
2392:2-213-03164-9
2389:
2385:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2375:0-582-36896-0
2372:
2368:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2344:
2341:
2340:0-295-98391-4
2337:
2333:
2330:
2329:0-8160-4671-9
2326:
2322:
2318:
2317:
2313:
2305:
2299:
2296:
2291:
2285:
2281:
2274:
2271:
2266:
2260:
2256:
2249:
2246:
2241:
2235:
2231:
2224:
2221:
2216:
2210:
2202:
2198:
2194:
2188:
2184:
2183:
2175:
2172:
2166:
2163:
2157:
2154:
2148:
2145:
2141:
2135:
2132:
2126:
2123:
2117:
2114:
2110:
2104:
2101:
2095:
2092:
2088:
2087:2-213-03164-9
2084:
2081:
2075:
2072:
2069:
2064:
2061:
2057:
2051:
2048:
2045:
2041:
2038:
2032:
2029:
2023:
2021:
2017:
2012:
2008:
2004:
1998:
1994:
1993:
1988:
1982:
1979:
1974:
1967:
1964:
1960:
1954:
1951:
1945:
1942:
1937:
1930:
1927:
1922:
1915:
1912:
1908:
1907:
1906:Itḥāf al-wará
1900:
1897:
1894:
1887:
1885:
1881:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1867:
1859:
1856:
1851:
1845:
1841:
1840:
1832:
1829:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1809:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1793:
1790:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1771:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1749:
1745:
1738:
1736:
1732:
1720:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1696:
1693:
1688:
1682:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1664:0-521-06935-1
1660:
1656:
1651:
1650:
1642:
1640:
1638:
1636:
1634:
1632:
1628:
1617:
1613:
1607:
1604:
1598:
1595:
1583:
1579:
1572:
1569:
1565:
1559:
1556:
1551:
1545:
1541:
1540:
1532:
1529:
1524:
1518:
1514:
1513:
1505:
1502:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1470:
1467:
1463:
1458:
1455:
1450:
1444:
1440:
1433:
1430:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1415:964-445-718-8
1411:
1407:
1403:
1396:
1394:
1392:
1388:
1381:
1372:
1366:
1357:
1352:
1349:
1341:
1336:
1330:
1317:
1312:
1309:
1302:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1292:Hazara people
1290:
1289:
1285:
1283:
1281:
1277:
1269:
1265:
1262:
1258:
1253:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1243:
1240:
1237:
1233:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1219:
1217:
1213:
1210:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1195:Sultan Khatun
1194:
1193:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1180:
1179:
1177:
1172:
1171:Suleiman Khan
1168:
1164:
1161:
1158:
1154:
1151:
1147:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1135:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1108:
1106:
1102:
1101:
1100:
1094:
1092:
1090:
1086:
1081:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1055:
1053:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1038:Andronicus II
1035:
1028:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1016:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
990:
988:
986:
974:
972:
968:
962:
952:
948:
946:
942:
938:
934:
926:
924:
922:
918:
910:
906:
899:
894:
887:
883:
879:
874:
867:
863:
862:
856:
851:
843:
841:
839:
835:
831:
827:
819:
814:
812:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
766:
764:
762:
758:
757:Aʻyan al-ʻAsr
754:
750:
745:
741:
737:
733:
725:
723:
721:
717:
713:
705:
703:
701:
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
664:
662:
658:
654:
650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
629:
627:
624:—daughter of
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
599:
593:
591:
587:
583:
579:
575:
571:
570:
564:
562:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
528:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
485:
483:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
463:Rashid al-Din
460:
456:
453:enthroned in
452:
451:Öljeitu Temür
444:
442:
440:
436:
432:
427:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
408:
403:
399:
395:
391:
383:
379:
374:
367:
365:
363:
359:
358:Mahmud Ghazan
355:
351:
346:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
315:
310:
305:
300:
297:
293:
289:
285:
282:
279:
275:
272:
269:
267:
263:
254:
251:
247:
243:
240:Sultan Khatun
238:
231:
227:
221:Sulayman Shah
214:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
188:
184:
181:24 March 1282
173:
169:
165:
162:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
136:
131:
128:
125:
121:
118:
115:
111:
107:
105:
101:
97:
93:
90:
86:
81:
75:
70:
67:
65:
57:
48:
45:
40:
33:
19:
3448:Genghis Khan
3217:Kievan Rus'
3195:(1237–1300s)
3187:(1237–1300s)
3031:Western Xia
2993:Qara Khitai
2826:Major cities
2805:Golden Horde
2781:Yuan dynasty
2668:Organization
2602:
2553:Khong Tayiji
2446:
2411:
2398:
2383:
2366:
2349:
2320:
2303:
2298:
2279:
2273:
2254:
2248:
2229:
2223:
2181:
2174:
2165:
2156:
2147:
2142:, pp. 24–33.
2139:
2134:
2125:
2120:Foltz, p.131
2116:
2108:
2103:
2094:
2079:
2074:
2063:
2055:
2050:
2031:
1991:
1981:
1972:
1966:
1958:
1953:
1944:
1935:
1929:
1920:
1914:
1904:
1899:
1891:
1865:
1858:
1838:
1831:
1814:
1797:
1792:
1743:
1723:. Retrieved
1709:
1705:
1695:
1648:
1619:. Retrieved
1615:
1606:
1597:
1586:. Retrieved
1584:(in Turkish)
1581:
1571:
1563:
1558:
1538:
1531:
1511:
1504:
1479:
1475:
1469:
1457:
1438:
1432:
1401:
1360:محمد خدابنده
1351:
1311:
1273:
1236:Hasan Buzurg
1227:Shanb Ghazan
1098:
1082:
1059:
1056:1313 embassy
1032:
1017:
1000:
994:
991:1307 embassy
982:
967:Timur Khagan
964:
960:
950:
930:
927:1305 embassy
914:
884:bestowed by
878:Chinese seal
859:
823:
776:
770:
756:
734:theologians
729:
709:
665:
630:
594:
567:
565:
534:against the
529:
509:Golden Horde
489:Yuan dynasty
486:
479:Qutluqkhanid
448:
428:
423:
415:
405:
387:
347:
326:
322:
321:
311:(until 1310)
306:(until 1295)
304:Christianity
301:(until 1291)
191:(1316-12-16)
108:19 July 1304
80:Yuan dynasty
59:
43:
3702:1316 deaths
3697:1280 births
3523:Sartaq Khan
3492:Kublai Khan
3487:Möngke Khan
3461:Ögedei Khan
3440:Great Khans
3406:(1314–1318)
3398:(1268–1301)
3350:(1260–1323)
3334:(1253–1256)
3317:Middle East
3211:(1238–1239)
3152:(1221–1327)
3011:(1219–1256)
3003:(1219–1221)
2985:(1264–1308)
2977:(1207-1308)
2843:Azov (Azaq)
2509:Terminology
1909:, 3/155–156
1335:Öljaitü Qan
1268:Demasq Kaja
1216:Arghun Khan
969:, Tchapar,
710:He died in
550:, Sevinch,
525:Jochi Qasar
309:Sunni Islam
290:Uruk Khatun
250:Regnal name
223:Abu'l Khayr
149:Predecessor
144:1296 – 1304
133:Viceroy of
113:Predecessor
3691:Categories
3659:Nogai Khan
3543:Özbeg Khan
3474:Güyük Khan
3368:Civil wars
3356:Palestine
3265:Lithuania
3185:Circassia
2918:Xacitarxan
2903:Soltaniyeh
2640:Darughachi
2386:, Fayard,
2314:References
2138:I. Heath,
1823:1773/23424
1725:2020-04-10
1621:2020-04-10
1588:2020-04-10
1371:khodābande
1167:Arpa Ke'un
1128:Abaqa Khan
1105:Arghun Aqa
848:See also:
838:Marco Polo
809:Miran Shah
793:Soltaniyeh
773:Soltaniyeh
712:Soltaniyeh
657:Mazandaran
651:to govern
637:Azerbaijan
626:Abaqa Khan
584:. Despite
556:Qutluqshah
517:Arpa Ke'un
459:Qutluqshah
378:Soltaniyeh
368:Early life
314:Shia Islam
177:1282-03-24
104:Coronation
3528:Orda Khan
3518:Batu Khan
3382:(1260–64)
3326:(1241–43)
3324:Anatolia
3299:(1287–88)
3291:(1285–86)
3283:(1264–65)
3275:(1259–60)
3267:(1258–59)
3243:(1241–42)
3235:(1241–42)
3227:(1240–41)
3203:(1229–36)
3193:Chechnya
3133:(1300–02)
3097:Southeast
3076:(1253–56)
3058:(1235–79)
3050:(1231–60)
3042:(1211–34)
2995:(1216–18)
2983:Sakhalin
2943:Campaigns
2893:Saray-Jük
2883:Samarkand
2858:Karakorum
2817:Ilkhanate
2575:Political
2458:Abu Sa'id
2342:) page 87
2209:cite book
2201:858824780
2111:, p. 171.
2058:, p. 437.
2011:465363153
1875:624382576
1800:, p. 315.
1770:cite book
1762:980348050
1681:cite book
1496:162220753
1462:Hope 2016
1424:643519562
1382:Citations
1365:romanized
1329:romanized
1316:Mongolian
1124:Khongirad
1091:in 1322.
1087:with the
1070:Edward II
1034:Byzantine
1013:Khanbalik
1005:Holy Land
834:Venetians
753:al-Safadi
749:Tengriism
720:Abu Sa'id
649:Abu Sa'id
645:Qara'unas
574:Kurdistan
513:Ariq Böke
503:, son of
271:Ilkhanate
232:(alleged)
226:Abu Sa'id
161:Abu Sa'id
157:Successor
152:Nirun Aqa
127:Abu Sa'id
123:Successor
3654:Boroldai
3634:Khubilai
3614:Bo'orchu
3587:Military
3481:(regent)
3468:(regent)
3455:(regent)
3340:Baghdad
3289:Hungary
3233:Hungary
3176:Georgia
3123:Vietnam
2975:Siberia
2873:Maragheh
2773:Khanates
2721:Religion
2716:Military
2665:Politics
2615:Kurultai
2578:Military
2040:Archived
1989:(2009).
1344:اولجایتو
1321:ᠦᠯᠵᠠᠢᠲᠦ
1286:See also
1163:Sati Beg
1132:Gaykhatu
1046:Bithynia
1042:Ottomans
1036:Emperor
976:—
954:—
736:Al-Hilli
726:Religion
680:Abu Bakr
661:Khwarazm
653:Khorasan
602:Damascus
590:Assyrian
561:mangonel
439:Gaykhatu
435:Khorasan
424:Muhammad
410:) after
407:Nicholas
402:Buddhist
398:Khorasan
299:Buddhism
295:Religion
237:Sati Beg
135:Khorasan
64:Padishah
3624:Boroqul
3619:Guo Kan
3609:Negudar
3594:Subutai
3494: (
3332:Alamut
3305:Serbia
3297:Poland
3281:Thrace
3273:Poland
3209:Alania
3074:Yunnan
3009:Persia
2967:Central
2946:Battles
2853:Bolghar
2848:Bukhara
2833:Almalik
2635:Kheshig
2563:Tarkhan
1367::
1356:Persian
1340:Persian
1331::
1297:Olcayto
1280:Tarkhan
1202:Baghdad
1190:Irinjin
1089:Mamluks
1064:at the
1050:Osman I
1001:ildüchi
971:Toctoga
744:Baghdad
696:Bedouin
676:Mongols
618:Hamadan
610:Tripoli
548:Irinjin
394:Keraite
323:Öljaitü
266:Dynasty
219:Tayghur
217:Bayazid
50:Öljaitü
18:Uljaytu
3604:Muqali
3578:Ghazan
3573:Arghun
3563:Hulegu
3453:Tolui
3429:People
3390:(1262)
3348:Syria
3342:(1258)
3307:(1291)
3259:(1242)
3251:(1242)
3167:Europe
3150:India
3131:Burma
3117:(1293)
3106:Burma
3084:Japan
3065:Tibet
3048:Korea
2908:Tabriz
2878:Qarshi
2838:Avarga
2684:Topics
2588:Jarlig
2548:Jinong
2543:Khanum
2538:Khatun
2528:Khagan
2520:Titles
2419:
2390:
2373:
2356:
2338:
2327:
2286:
2261:
2236:
2199:
2189:
2085:
2068:Source
2037:Source
2009:
1999:
1873:
1846:
1760:
1750:
1673:745412
1671:
1661:
1657:–406.
1546:
1519:
1494:
1445:
1422:
1412:
1406:Tehran
1276:Arghun
1246:Mardin
1223:Ghazan
1206:Ghazan
1134:Khan)
1112:Chupan
1095:Family
943:, and
921:Ghazan
917:Arghun
909:Ghazan
830:Consul
826:Tabriz
801:Persia
797:Tehran
785:Shiraz
781:Sayyed
767:Legacy
688:Medina
622:Oljath
606:Aleppo
552:Chupan
536:Kartid
507:) and
475:Kerman
390:Arghun
362:Hulagu
354:Arghun
352:ruler
350:Ilkhan
335:Tabriz
287:Mother
281:Arghun
277:Father
215:Bastam
198:Burial
117:Ghazan
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