38:
152:
Rhetoric concerning their mothers surrounded this rise to power, serving either to glorify or criticize their ascension to the caliphate. One rhetorical tactic involved portraying the slave mothers as foreign princesses with prestigious family backgrounds, thereby elevating their social status. An
169:. Conversely, their adversaries used a contrasting rhetorical approach by casting doubt on their paternity and implying that using slave women to bear children would lead to significant sociopolitical unrest. For instance, those opposed to
85:
who had given birth to her master's child. These women were regarded as property and could be sold by their owners, a practice that was permitted at the time under some strict rules and regulations from
501:
133:
from her master were considered freeborn and legitimate, and they were often treated similarly with the other children born to the master's free wives. In 740,
230:
137:'s failed attempt for the caliphate marked a turning point in favor of leaders with slave maternal origins and reached its peak in 744 with the rise of
482:
461:
440:
419:
450:
Eltis, David; Bradley, Keith R.; Engerman, Stanley L.; Perry, Craig; Cartledge, Paul; Richardson, David; Drescher, Seymour (2021-08-12).
506:
102:, Muhammad's cousin and son-in-law, initially concurred with Umar's decision. However, after Umar's death and the death of
193:
511:
180:
If an unmarried slave bore a child and the slave owner did not acknowledge parenthood, then the slave had to face
388:"Free fathers, slave mothers and their children: a contribution to the study of family structures in Al-Andalus"
198:
53:
392:
Free
Fathers, Slave Mothers and Their Children: A Contribution to the Study of Family Structures in Al-Andalus
516:
94:
authorized a policy during his time as a caliph, that prohibited owners from selling or gifting their
203:
82:
177:, suggesting that his slave mother was already pregnant when she was captured from the enemy camp.
174:
76:
45:
106:, who maintained the policy, Ali reversed it in the later period of his caliphate, declaring that
161:, emphasizing his noble lineage. He boasted about his dual heritage, connecting himself to both
129:
should not be sold and should be granted freedom following her master's death. Children born to
478:
457:
436:
415:
146:
142:
158:
67:
118:
495:
235:
162:
387:
134:
474:
The
Economy of Certainty: An Introduction to the Typology of Islamic Legal Theory
472:
451:
430:
409:
122:
141:
as the first
Umayyad caliph with a slave mother. Subsequently, the last three
114:
170:
138:
31:
213:
154:
153:
example of this is Yazid III, who proudly declared that his mother was a
87:
41:
17:
432:
Muhammad's
Mission: Religion, Politics, and Power at the Birth of Islam
166:
103:
110:
was still sellable despite having given birth to the owner's child.
37:
125:
legal schools of jurisprudence embrace Umar's perspective that the
225:
219:
208:
36:
453:
The
Cambridge World History of Slavery: Volume 2, AD 500-AD 1420
181:
91:
411:
Concubines and
Courtesans: Women and Slavery in Islamic History
98:, and upon their owners deaths, they would be granted freedom.
27:
Arabic term for a slave-concubine that mothers a master's child
99:
173:
claimed that he was not truly the son of the
Umayyad prince
52:
when giving birth to a child by her enslaver, sultan
113:Ali's viewpoint was eventually integrated into
81:'mother of the child') was given to a
8:
277:
408:Gordon, Matthew; Hain, Kathryn A. (2017).
373:
361:
349:
337:
313:
289:
265:
253:
231:History of concubinage in the Muslim world
90:. However, later after Muhammad’s death,
246:
435:. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG.
502:Slavery in the medieval Islamic world
325:
301:
7:
121:. On the other hand, all prominent
71:
149:caliphs were born to slave women.
60:In the Muslim world, the title of
25:
386:De la Puente, Cristina (2013).
117:, along with the acceptance of
456:. Cambridge University Press.
145:caliphs and a majority of the
1:
429:Nagel, Tilman (6 July 2020).
194:Islamic sexual jurisprudence
414:. Oxford University Press.
157:princess from the esteemed
533:
471:Zysow, Aron (2014-06-23).
29:
199:Islamic views on slavery
54:Suleiman the Magnificent
30:For town in Syria, see
374:Gordon & Hain 2017
362:Gordon & Hain 2017
350:Gordon & Hain 2017
338:Gordon & Hain 2017
316:, pp. 298, 314–5.
314:Gordon & Hain 2017
290:Gordon & Hain 2017
266:Gordon & Hain 2017
254:Gordon & Hain 2017
57:
507:Islamic jurisprudence
40:
268:, pp. 312, 314.
204:Ma malakat aymanukum
352:, p. 229, 327.
175:Muhammad ibn Marwan
119:temporary marriages
46:Crimean slave trade
477:. Lockwood Press.
58:
44:, a victim of the
512:Marriage in Islam
484:978-1-937040-27-7
463:978-0-521-84067-5
442:978-3-11-067498-9
421:978-0-19-062218-3
278:Eltis et al. 2021
80:
16:(Redirected from
524:
488:
467:
446:
425:
396:
395:
383:
377:
371:
365:
359:
353:
347:
341:
335:
329:
323:
317:
311:
305:
299:
293:
287:
281:
275:
269:
263:
257:
251:
159:Sassanid dynasty
75:
73:
21:
532:
531:
527:
526:
525:
523:
522:
521:
492:
491:
485:
470:
464:
449:
443:
428:
422:
407:
404:
399:
385:
384:
380:
372:
368:
360:
356:
348:
344:
336:
332:
324:
320:
312:
308:
300:
296:
288:
284:
276:
272:
264:
260:
252:
248:
244:
190:
83:slave-concubine
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
530:
528:
520:
519:
517:Sexual slavery
514:
509:
504:
494:
493:
490:
489:
483:
468:
462:
447:
441:
426:
420:
403:
400:
398:
397:
378:
376:, p. 230.
366:
364:, p. 228.
354:
342:
340:, p. 315.
330:
328:, p. 138.
318:
306:
304:, p. 174.
294:
292:, p. 308.
282:
280:, p. 199.
270:
258:
256:, p. 301.
245:
243:
240:
239:
238:
233:
228:
223:
216:
211:
206:
201:
196:
189:
186:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
529:
518:
515:
513:
510:
508:
505:
503:
500:
499:
497:
486:
480:
476:
475:
469:
465:
459:
455:
454:
448:
444:
438:
434:
433:
427:
423:
417:
413:
412:
406:
405:
401:
393:
389:
382:
379:
375:
370:
367:
363:
358:
355:
351:
346:
343:
339:
334:
331:
327:
322:
319:
315:
310:
307:
303:
298:
295:
291:
286:
283:
279:
274:
271:
267:
262:
259:
255:
250:
247:
241:
237:
236:Valide sultan
234:
232:
229:
227:
224:
222:
221:
217:
215:
212:
210:
207:
205:
202:
200:
197:
195:
192:
191:
187:
185:
183:
178:
176:
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
150:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
111:
109:
105:
101:
97:
96:umm al-walads
93:
89:
84:
78:
69:
65:
64:
55:
51:
47:
43:
39:
33:
19:
473:
452:
431:
410:
391:
381:
369:
357:
345:
333:
321:
309:
297:
285:
273:
261:
249:
218:
179:
151:
135:Zayd ibn Ali
131:umm al-walad
130:
127:umm al-walad
126:
112:
108:umm al-walad
107:
95:
63:umm al-walad
62:
61:
59:
50:umm al-walad
49:
48:, became an
496:Categories
326:Zysow 2014
302:Nagel 2020
242:References
184:charges.
171:Marwan II
139:Yazid III
32:Umm Walad
18:Umm walad
394:: 27–44.
214:Mukataba
188:See also
88:Muhammad
72:أم الولد
42:Roxelana
402:Sources
155:Persian
147:Abbasid
143:Umayyad
115:Shi'ism
79:
481:
460:
439:
418:
167:Khaqan
163:Caesar
104:Uthman
68:Arabic
226:Hatun
220:Qiyan
209:Mawla
123:Sunni
479:ISBN
458:ISBN
437:ISBN
416:ISBN
182:zina
165:and
92:Umar
77:lit.
100:Ali
498::
390:.
74:,
70::
487:.
466:.
445:.
424:.
66:(
56:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
