United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves

888:, dominated by a Portuguese majority, included provisions in the Constitution being drafted that referred to the people of the United Kingdom as "the Portuguese Nation". The draft Constitution spoke of "Portuguese citizens of both hemispheres". Apart from including in the Constitution language that was seen as hostile and offensive to Brazilians, the United Kingdom Cortes assembled in Lisbon included in the proposed Constitution that was being drafted provisions that would undermine and that could even lead to the dissolution of the central Brazilian Government based in Rio de Janeiro. The draft Constitution would have maintained the Regency of the Kingdom of Brazil, but it contained provision allowing the United Kingdom Legislature to exclude Brazilian provinces from the jurisdiction of the Regency. Thus, the Government of the United Kingdom in Lisbon would have the power to sever the links between a Brazilian province and the central Brazilian government, submitting this province directly to the Lisbon Government. If enacted, those deliberations of the Cortes would not only undermine Brazilian Home Rule, but they would also endanger the unity of the Brazilian people, as Brazilians would no longer have a central government, a situation that did not exist even in the last centuries of the colonial period. Portuguese deputies in the Cortes even introduced draft legislation that would concretely sever the ties between the central devolved Government of the Kingdom of Brazil in Rio de Janeiro and some provinces in Northeastern Brazil. The Portuguese Cortes also demanded the immediate return of the Crown Prince to Europe. 2499:, Maria was restored to the Throne and her constitutional government, now recognized by all foreign Powers as the legitimate one, assumed control of the whole of Portugal. Although the doubt about which of the two Princesses was Emperor Pedro II's heiress presumptive had existed since the abdication of the Brazilian Crown by Pedro I in 1831, Maria II was at the time a deposed Queen, although actively pursuing her claim to the Throne of Portugal. With her victory in the Portuguese Civil War, however, she once again became an actually reigning monarch, and, for the whole Brazilian political establishment, the fact that a foreign Sovereign was heiress presumptive to the Brazilian Crown was highly worrying, as it was seen as detrimental to the independence of the recently established Brazilian Nation. The Regency and Parliament of Brazil wanted to avoid any possibility of a personal union with Portugal being recreated, so as to secure the independence of Brazil. In order to settle that question, the Brazilian General Assembly adopted a statute, signed into law by the Regent on behalf of Emperor Pedro II on 30 October 1835, declaring Queen Maria II of Portugal had lost her succession rights to the Crown of Brazil, due to her condition as a foreigner, so that she and her descendants were excluded from the Brazilian line of succession; ruling that Princess Januária and her descendants were therefore first in line to the Throne after Emperor Pedro II and his descendants, and decreeing that, accordingly, Princess Januária, as the then heiress presumptive of the Brazilian Crown, should be recognized as Princess Imperial. 2391:

of the honorary imperial title to the Portuguese King was also not popular with Brazilians. Furthermore, the declaratory language of the Independence Treaty was sufficiently ambiguous, so that Brazilians could claim that the independence declared in 1822 was being recognized, but mention was also made of the 13 May 1825 Letters Patent, so that the Portuguese could claim that the recognition was based on the previous concession. The preamble of the treaty mentioned the concession made by means of the Letters Patent of 13 May 1825; it stated that, by that Letters Patent, the Portuguese King had "recognized Brazil as an independent Empire, and his son Dom Pedro as Emperor", but also stated that, in so doing, the Portuguese monarch was "ceding and transferring of his free will the sovereignty of the said Empire". In the treaty's second article, it was the Brazilian Emperor who agreed that his father, the Portuguese King, should take for himself the honorary life title of Emperor. In the first article of the treaty it was declared that the King of Portugal recognized Brazil as an independent Empire, and as a Nation separate from the Kingdoms of Portugal and the Algarves, and also recognized his son Dom Pedro as Emperor of Brazil, ceding "of his own free will" to the Brazilian Emperor and his legitimate successors all claims of sovereignty over Brazil. Peace was established between the countries of Brazil and Portugal by the fourth Article.

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would be an Empire, and that the Empire of Brazil would be separate from the Kingdoms of Portugal and the Algarves in both internal and foreign affairs; that he, John, therefore took for himself the title of Emperor of Brazil and King of Portugal and the Algarves, to which would follow the other titles of the Portuguese Crown; that the title of "Prince or Princess Imperial of Brazil, and Royal of Portugal and the Algarves" would be vested in the heir or heiress presumptive of the imperial and royal Crowns; that since the succession of both the imperial and royal Crowns belonged to his son, "Prince Dom Pedro", he, King John, at once, "by this same act and letters patent", ceded and transferred to Pedro, from thenceforth, of his "own free will", the full sovereignty of the Empire of Brazil, for Pedro to govern it, assuming at once the title Emperor of Brazil, keeping at the same time the title of Prince Royal of Portugal and the Algarves, while John reserved for himself the same title of Emperor, and the position of King of Portugal and the Algarves, with the full sovereignty of the said Kingdoms (of Portugal and the Algarves).

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the 7 September 1822 Proclamation of Independence, Prince Pedro initially continued to use the title of Prince Regent, as he did not want to declare himself monarch, preferring instead to accept the new country's Crown as an offer. This led several local councils to adopt motions and addresses asking the Prince Regent to assume the title of King, or of Emperor (there were no legislatures in the provinces, and also no national legislature existed at that time; the municipal councils were the only existing legislatures, and since the colonial era they had substantial authority). The municipal council of the city of Rio de Janeiro and the other municipal councils of the province of Rio de Janeiro then organized a ceremony of acclamation, with the support of the Prince Regent's Government. The municipal council of Rio de Janeiro voted to instruct its president to offer Prince Pedro the title of Emperor. Then, the Prince's Advisory Council, a body that was not a legislative assembly, but was composed of councillors elected from all Provinces of Brazil to represent its peoples and advise the Prince Regent (the

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de Janeiro for Lisbon in another ship carrying a second copy of the same documents. Charles Stuart arrived in Lisbon on 2 July 1826 and presented the acts signed by King Pedro IV to the Government of Portugal, including his original deed of abdication of the Portuguese Throne. On 12 July 1826 the Portuguese Government published the new Constitution decreed by Pedro IV; the Portuguese Regency swore on 31 July 1826 an oath to uphold the Constitution, marking its entry into force, and, on 1 August 1826 Queen Maria II was publicly proclaimed as Queen of Portugal, with the Infanta Isabel Maria as Regent. On 4 October the exiled infante Miguel (that had been exiled since attempting to depose his father, and that would later usurp the Portuguese Crown, leading to the Portuguese Civil War of 1828–1834) took in Vienna an oath of allegiance to Queen Maria II and the Constitution. The first Portuguese Cortes to meet under the Constitution were elected on 8 October, and the opening of Parliament took place on 30 October 1826.

1012:(who remained in Rio de Janeiro presiding over the Ministry during Prince Pedro's absence), informing Pedro of further acts by the Cortes aimed at dissolving his Government by force, insisting on his return to Lisbon and attempting to void his later acts as Regent of the Kingdom of Brazil. It was clear that independence was the only option left. Pedro turned to his companions that included his Guard of Honor and spoke: "Friends, the Portuguese Cortes want to enslave and pursue us. From today on our relations are broken. No ties can unite us anymore" and continued after he pulled out his blue-white armband that symbolized Portugal: "Armbands off, soldiers. Hail to the independence, to freedom and to the separation of Brazil from Portugal!" He unsheathed his sword affirming that "For my blood, my honor, my God, I swear to give Brazil freedom," and later cried out: "Independence or death!". This event is remembered as " 811:, the only order of knighthood to be created during the United Kingdom era. This Order existed in the United Kingdom alongside the old Portuguese Orders of chivalry and the Order of the Tower and Sword, an ancient Order that had been dormant and that was revived by the Portuguese monarchy in November 1808, when the royal court was already in Brazil. After the dissolution of the United Kingdom, while Brazilian branches of the old Orders of chivalry were created, resulting in Brazilian and Portuguese Orders Saint James of the Sword, of Saint Benedict of Aviz, and of Christ (there was and is also a branch of the Order of Christ maintained by the Holy See: the Supreme Order of Our Lord Jesus Christ), paradoxically, the newer Orders (the recreated Order of the Tower and Sword and the Order of the Immaculate Conception of Vila Viçosa) remained in existence as Portuguese Orders only. 860: 159: 173: 912:

again: it was clear that the territories in Africa and Asia would continue to be colonies, and to be subject to economic exploitation and domination by means of restrictions in foreign trade, etc.; but those colonies would now be declared parts of the United Kingdom, meaning that, with the inclusion of the whole of the Portuguese Empire in the United Kingdom, the definition of the United Kingdom itself would change: the United Kingdom would cease to correspond to a transatlantic State that included no colonies but that controlled colonies overseas, and would instead become a State that included colonies in its bosom. This would provide the legal framework for the reintroduction of trade restrictions in Brazil that had been lifted since the arrival of the Royal Family in Brazilian shores.

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final, irrevocable, accomplished and fully effective by a decree issued by Pedro on 3 March 1828, just a few months before Infante Miguel's usurpation of the Throne and the start of the Portuguese Civil War (in accordance with a decree issued on 3 September 1827, Infante Miguel replaced Infanta Isabel Maria as Regent of Portugal on 26 February 1828, and he initially agreed to govern in the name of the Queen, but on 7 July 1828 he had himself proclaimed King with retroactive effect, assuming the title of Miguel I; Maria II would only be restored to the Throne in 1834, at the conclusion of the Civil War). In any event, Pedro's unconditional confirmation of his abdication reinforced the impossibility of a new union between Portugal and Brazil.

959:, and they accordingly demanded the summoning of a National Constituent Assembly for Brazil, separate from the Constituent Cortes assembled in Portugal. Prince Pedro, acting on the advice of his newly convened Council, embraced those demands, and issued a decree on 13 June 1822 summoning elections for a Brazilian Constituent Assembly. Due to the further escalation of tensions between Brazil and Portugal, the elections to that Constituent Assembly would only take place after the Prince himself had proclaimed the independence of Brazil (the Assembly would only convene in 1823, and the independence of Brazil was declared in September 1822, with the establishment of the Empire of Brazil in October 1822). 2368:

other European Monarchies had already made clear that they would only recognize the Empire of Brazil after the establishment of normal relations between Brazil and Portugal. Thus, by a separate convention that was signed on the same occasion as the Treaty on the Recognition of Independence, Brazil agreed to pay Portugal two million pounds in damages. The British, who had mediated the Peace negotiations, granted Brazil a loan of the same value, so that Brazil could pay the agreed sum. The new Nation, therefore, achieved international recognition at a heavy price. As a result of this agreement, Brazil became plunged in debt to Britain, but was able to achieve universal international recognition, both

976: 2453:. The document by which the Brazilian Emperor abdicated the Portuguese Crown was signed days before the first meeting of the Parliament established by the Brazilian Constitution of 1824, that assembled for the first time on 6 May 1826. Before his abdication, on 26 April, King Pedro confirmed the Regency of Portugal that had been established by his father during his final illness, and that was led by the Infanta Isabel Maria, his sister. As the new Queen Maria II was still a minor, Portugal would need to be led by Regents during her minority. On 30 April, King Pedro IV set the date for the first legislative elections under the new Portuguese Constitution and appointed Peers of the Realm. 789: 877:(the Parliament) assembled in Lisbon in the wake of the Constitutional Revolution of 1820 to draft a Constitution for the United Kingdom was composed of mostly Portuguese delegates. This was so because the Revolution was Portuguese in origin, so that the members of the Cortes were elected in Portugal, and only later a Brazilian delegation was elected and the Brazilian delegates crossed the Atlantic to join the ongoing deliberations. Also, Brazilian representatives were often mistreated and persecuted in the streets by Portuguese citizens who resented the end of colonial rule. On top of that, Brazilians were under-represented in the Cortes. 2478:

once Emperor Pedro II acceded to the Brazilian Throne as a minor in 1831, since the question was no longer only about whether or not the Queen of Portugal had a place in the Brazilian line of succession, but it had now become a question about whether or not she was the heiress presumptive to the Brazilian Crown, that is, the first person in line to succeed to the Brazilian Throne, occupied by her brother Emperor Pedro II. Thus, the Brazilian Parliament had to settle the matter and decide who was the first person in line to the Brazilian Throne, with the corresponding title of Princess Imperial: Queen Maria II of Portugal or

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the United Kingdom. Indeed, the abolition of all the restrictions on foreign trade, and the exclusion of Brazil from the imperialist policy of the colonial pact, had taken place already in 1808, as soon as the Royal Family arrived in Brazil: the first act signed by the Prince Regent after his arrival in Brazil was the decree on the opening of the Brazilian ports to friendly Nations, that enabled Brazilians to import goods from Nations other than Portugal, and to export Brazilian products to the foreign Nations maintaining diplomatic ties with the Portuguese Empire. Now, with the measures being voted by the

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of the Cortes, including Brazilians that still took part in its deliberations, took oaths to uphold the Constitution. In a solemnity on 1 October 1822, King John VI appeared before the Cortes, made a speech from the Throne declaring his acceptance of the Constitution, swore an oath to uphold it, and signed an instrument of assent that was included in the text of the Constitution after the signatures of the members of the Cortes, declaring that the king had accepted the Constitution and sworn to abide by it. On 4 October, acting as the Cortes had directed, the Portuguese King signed at the

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return of the court to Lisbon argued that Brazil was only a colony and that it was not right for Portugal to be governed from a colony. On the other hand, leading Brazilian courtiers pressed for the elevation of Brazil from the rank of a colony, so that they could enjoy the full status of being nationals of the mother-country. Brazilian nationalists also supported the move, because it indicated that Brazil would no longer be submissive to the interests of Portugal, but would be of equal status within a transatlantic monarchy.

2621: 3550: 218: 540: 2352:, the Portuguese king initially attempted to recognize Brazilian independence unilaterally so as to ignore the fact of the Portuguese defeat and transmit the impression that Portugal was being magnanimous. By means of such unilateral concession, Portugal intended to avoid the humiliation of Peace negotiations with its former Colony. King John VI wanted to "save face" by giving the impression that Portugal was voluntarily conceding independence to Brazil, and not just recognizing a 2433: 565: 526: 1062:. Also, in the context of the struggle to sustain the newly declared independence of Brazil, and to seek recognition for the Empire, the religious act of coronation would establish Emperor Pedro I as an anointed monarch, crowned by the Catholic Church. It was regarded that this could improve his legitimacy in the eyes of other Christian monarchies, and it would also confirm the alliance between the newly declared State and the Church in Brazil. Accordingly, the 892: 1029: 2364:

conditional on the signature of a bilateral treaty between the two Nations. Portugal eventually agreed, and a treaty to that effect was signed with British mediation. The treaty between the Empire of Brazil and the Kingdom of Portugal on the recognition of Brazilian independence, signed in Rio de Janeiro on 29 August 1825, finally entered into force on 15 November 1825 upon the exchange of the instruments of ratification in Lisbon.

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arguing that Brazil did not need one, but assumed the title of "Perpetual Defender of Brazil". By defying explicit orders that demanded his return to Europe, Pedro escalated the events that would lead to the separation of Brazil from the United Kingdom, and hastened the crucial moment of the Proclamation of Independence. As the situation between Brazilians and Portuguese deteriorated, the United Kingdom was doomed to dissolution.

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Cortes to govern Portugal in the wake of the Revolution – and that replaced by force the previous governors that administered the European portion of the United Kingdom by royal appointment – handed back the reins of government to the Monarch on his arrival in Lisbon, but the King was now limited to the discharge of the Executive branch, and had no influence over the drafting of the Constitution or over the actions of the Cortes.

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final settlement of the Brazilian independence question (the decree publishing the text of the Treaty on the Recognition of Independence and ordering its execution as part of the Law of Brazil had just been made public on 10 April 1826). The existence even of the personal union only was seen by Brazilian politicians as dangerous, since it could come to affect the effectiveness of the newly formed country's sovereignty.

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of the Congress of Vienna and subsequent European alliances. Those foreign Nations, however, were keen on establishing trade and diplomatic ties with Brazil. Under British pressure, Portugal eventually agreed to recognize Brazil's independence in 1825, thus allowing the new country to establish diplomatic ties with other European powers shortly thereafter.

1016:", because it took place next to the riverbank of the Ipiranga brook. The Prince then decided to return urgently to the city of São Paulo, where he and his entourage arrived in the night of 7 September. There, they announced the news of the Prince's Proclamation, and of Brazil's separation from Portugal, and were met with great popular acclaim. 835:

Kingdom. By a decree issued on 22 April 1821, the King invested Pedro with the title of "Regent of Brazil", and granted him delegated powers to discharge the "general government and entire administration of the Kingdom of Brazil" as the King's placeholder, thus granting the Kingdom of Brazil a devolved administration within the United Kingdom.

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and entered into force in international Law also on 15 November 1825 upon the exchange of the instruments of ratification in Lisbon. On the same date of the signature of the Portuguese instrument of ratification and of the exchange of the ratification documents between the representatives of the two Nations, the Portuguese King also signed a

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was never close to Rio de Janeiro, and the main battles of the independence war took place in the Northeastern region of Brazil. The independentist Brazilian forces overpowered the Portuguese forces as well as the few local forces that were still loyal to Portugal, and the last Portuguese troops surrendered in November 1823. Compared to the

2469:. Prince Pedro de Alcantara had no rights to the Portuguese Crown because, having been born in Brazil on 2 December 1825, after the Portuguese recognition of the independence of Brazil, he was not a Portuguese national and under the Portuguese Constitution and Laws a foreigner could not inherit the Portuguese Crown. 2413:, daughter of John VI and Pedro I & IV's sister). With this union of Crowns, the monarchies of Portugal and Brazil were once again briefly united, but there was no thought of a reunification of the two separate States. Accordingly, this brief union of Crowns in the person of Pedro I and IV remained always a 2399:

or General Assembly) elected under the Constitution adopted in 1824. The first meeting of the new Legislature was set to take place on 3 May 1826, and after a brief delay, that Parliament was indeed opened on 6 May 1826. By that time, the independence question was indeed resolved, as the Independence

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The second act of recognition was materialized in a Treaty of Peace signed in Rio de Janeiro on 29 August 1825, by means of which Portugal again recognized the independence of Brazil. This Treaty was ratified by the Emperor of Brazil on 30 August 1825, and by the King of Portugal on 15 November 1825,

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The first act of recognition was materialized in Letters Patent issued on 13 May 1825, by which the Portuguese King "voluntarily ceded and transferred the sovereignty" over Brazil to his son, the Brazilian Emperor, and thus recognized, as a result of this concession, Brazil as an "Independent Empire,

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That the newly independent Brazilian Nation would adopt a constitutional monarchy as its form of Government and that Prince Pedro would be the new State's monarch were obvious facts to all the leaders involved in the process of Brazilian emancipation, but still, for a little more than one month after

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The independence of Brazil was proclaimed by Prince Pedro on 7 September 1822. The Proclamation of Independence was made while the Prince was in the Province of São Paulo. He had travelled there to secure the Province's loyalty to the Brazilian cause. He departed the city of São Paulo, the Province's

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that demanded this return, and instead to stay in Brazil as its Regent was solemnly announced on 9 January 1822, in reply to a formal petition from the city council of Rio de Janeiro. In February 1822 Prince Pedro decided to create an advisory council, composed of representatives elected to represent

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Also, language in the draft Constitution that would have the effect of including colonies of the Portuguese colonial empire in Africa and Asia as part of the territory of the United Kingdom seemed to confirm that the intention of the Cortes was indeed to reduce Brazil to the position of a colony once

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system, but it rendered foreigners incapable of succeeding to the Crown, and it empowered the General Assembly, the Empire's Parliament, to settle any doubts regarding the rights of succession to the Crown. The issue of Queen Maria II's status in the Brazilian line of succession became more pressing

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On 12 May 1826, British envoy Charles Stuart left Rio de Janeiro for Portugal carrying with him the acts signed by the Brazilian Emperor as King of Portugal, including the new Portuguese Constitution and his deed of abdication of the Portuguese Crown. On that same date Carlos Matias Pereira left Rio

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In spite of the unpopular clauses, and especially of the harsh financial agreement, Brazilian Emperor Pedro I agreed to ratify the treaty negotiated with Portugal as he was keen on resolving the recognition of independence question before the opening of the first legislative session of the Brazilian

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The Portuguese military defeat, however, was not followed by swift recognition of the new country's independence. Instead, from 1822 to 1825 the Portuguese Government engaged in heavy diplomatic efforts to avoid the recognition of Brazil's independence by the European Powers, invoking the principles

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Although Portuguese monarchs were not crowned since the 16th century, it was decided by the newly created imperial Government that the Brazilian monarchy, then recently instituted, should adopt different customs, both to differentiate itself from the Portuguese model and to highlight its status as a

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Brazilian Nationalists reacted, interpreting the actions of the Cortes as an attempt to "divide and conquer". They alleged that once the provisions approved by the Cortes were enacted and enforced, Brazil, although formally remaining a part of the transatlantic monarchy, would be in reality returned

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Thus, the abdication of the Portuguese Crown by Brazilian Emperor Pedro I terminated the brief 1826 personal union and separated the monarchies of Portugal and Brazil, and that abdication, coupled with the exclusion of the new Portuguese Queen, Maria II, from the Brazilian line of succession, broke

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News of the separate convention appended to the Independence Treaty, by which Brazil agreed to pay Portugal financial compensation, angered many Brazilians, who saw this payment as a result of a bad negotiation, especially in view of the Brazilian military victory in the independence war. The grant

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By a provision of the Letters Patent of 13 May 1825, confirmed by the Treaty on the Recognition of Independence in spite of the secession of Brazil from the Portuguese Monarchy, the Portuguese King, John VI, was allowed to use for the remainder of his life the honorary title of "Emperor of Brazil",

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The Portuguese, however, only accepted to sign the Independence treaty on condition that Brazil agreed to pay reparations for the properties of the Portuguese State that were seized by the new Brazilian State. Brazil desperately needed to establish normal diplomatic relations with Portugal, because

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In the 13 May 1825 Letters Patent, King John recited the polity creating acts of his predecessors and of other sovereigns of Europe, recited his own desire to promote the happiness of all the peoples over which he ruled, and proceeded to declare and enact that from thenceforth the Kingdom of Brazil

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Less than a month later, on 23 September 1822, the Lisbon Cortes, still unaware of the Brazilian declaration of independence, approved the Constitution of the United Kingdom, that was then signed by the members of the Cortes and presented to the King. Between 23 September and 1 October, the members

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system in which Brazilian products could only be exported to Portugal, and in which Brazilians could only import products from Portugal. This system, which enabled the economic exploitation of the Portuguese Colonies by Metropolitan Portugal, had been abolished in Brazil even before the creation of

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was discharged by politicians chosen by the General Assembly in accordance with the Constitution. However, the question was all important because, in the event that Emperor Pedro II died before producing descendants, the Crown of the independent Empire of Brazil could end up coming to the Queen of

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Pedro's abdication of the Portuguese Throne led to the separation of the Brazilian and Portuguese monarchies, since the Portuguese Crown was inherited by Queen Maria II and her successors, and the Brazilian Crown came to be inherited by Pedro I's Brazilian heir apparent, Prince Pedro de Alcantara,

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With the death of the Portuguese King John VI on 10 March 1826, his heir apparent, Brazilian Emperor Pedro I, inherited the Portuguese Crown, and reigned briefly as King Pedro IV. On 20 March 1826 the proclamation of the Brazilian Emperor's accession to the Portuguese Throne was made public by the

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However, such unilateral, constitutive recognition was not accepted by Brazilians, who demanded a declarative recognition of the independence as proclaimed and existing since 1822. The new Brazilian Government therefore made the establishment of peaceful relations and diplomatic ties with Portugal

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The Brazilian declaration of independence and foundation of the Empire of Brazil led to a War of Independence. The Portuguese initially refused to recognize Brazil as a sovereign state, treating the whole affair as a rebellion and attempting to preserve the United Kingdom. However, military action

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a Charter of Law promulgating the text of the Constitution and ordering its execution by all his subjects throughout the United Kingdom. This Charter of Law, containing the full text of the Constitution, including the signatures of the members of the Cortes and the King's instrument of assent, was

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sent troops to Brazil to compel the dissolution of the Prince's Government and to force his return to Portugal as ordered, but, on arrival those troops were commanded by the Prince to return to Portugal. The Portuguese troops in Rio de Janeiro obeyed the Prince Royal and returned to Europe, but in

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By agreeing to defy the Cortes and stay in Brazil, Prince Pedro assumed the leadership of the Brazilian cause; as a recognition of his leading role, Brazilian independentists offered Pedro on 13 May 1822 the title of "Perpetual Protector and Defender of Brazil"; he rejected the title of Protector,

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in Portugal, the King left Brazil and returned to the European portion of the United Kingdom, arriving in Lisbon on 4 July 1821. Before his departure, the King, acceding to requests made by Brazilian courtiers, decided to leave behind his heir apparent, Prince Pedro, the Prince Royal of the United

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in 1815, there were calls for the return of the Portuguese Monarch to Lisbon; the Portuguese Prince Regent enjoyed life in Rio de Janeiro, where the monarchy was at the time more popular and where he enjoyed more freedom, and he was thus unwilling to return to Europe. However, those advocating the

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News of the death of King John VI and of the proclamation of the Brazilian Emperor as King of Portugal reached the Brazilian province of Bahia on 18 April, and official news to that effect reached the Emperor of Brazil and new King of Portugal in Rio de Janeiro on 24 April 1826, shortly after the

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Portugal recognized the sovereignty of Brazil only in 1825. Since a coup d'etát on 3 June 1823 the Portuguese King John VI had already abolished the Constitution of 1822 and dissolved the Cortes, thus reversing the Liberal Revolution of 1820. On 4 January 1824 King John VI issued a Charter of Law

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or Council of the Representatives of the Provinces of Brazil), advised the Prince Regent to accede to the several requests already presented and to assume the imperial title. On 12 October 1822, Prince Pedro accepted the offer of the new Brazilian Throne and was acclaimed the first Emperor of the

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Accordingly, with the appointment of Prince Royal Pedro as Regent of Brazil, the Brazilian provinces – that in the colonial period were united under a vice-regal administration, and that during the stay of Queen Maria I and King John VI in the American Continent remained united directly under the

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On 20 March 1816 Queen Maria I died in Rio de Janeiro. Prince John, the Prince Regent, then became King John VI, the second monarch of the United Kingdom, retaining the numbering of Portuguese Sovereigns. After a period of mourning and several delays, the festivities of the acclamation of the new

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Accordingly, steps were taken to put an end to the personal union: Pedro I & IV agreed to abdicate the Portuguese Throne in favour of his eldest daughter, but he also wanted to ensure that her rights would be respected, and he further wanted to restore constitutional monarchy to Portugal. In

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Although Pedro's abdication of the Portuguese Crown to Maria II was provided for even in the Constitution issued on 29 April 1826, the original deed of abdication, signed on 2 May 1826 contained conditions; however, those conditions were subsequently waived, as the abdication was later declared

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As for the King, upon his arrival in Lisbon, he behaved as though he accepted the new political settlement that resulted from the Liberal Revolution (a posture he would maintain until mid-1823), but the powers of the Crown were severely limited. A Council of Regency that had been elected by the

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Still, with Princess Maria da Glória's accession to the Throne of Portugal as Queen Maria II in 1826, the question arose, about whether she should still be regarded as a Brazilian Princess with a place in the order of succession, or whether article 119 of Brazil's Constitution (that prohibited

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Upon recognizing the independence of Brazil from the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and Algarves, King John VI, by his charter of law of 15 November 1825 changed back the name of the Portuguese State and the Royal Titles to "Kingdom of Portugal" and "King of Portugal and the Algarves"

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Faced with that scenario, Brazilian independentists managed to convince Prince Pedro to stay in Brazil against the orders of the Cortes, that demanded his immediate return. He thus continued leading a central Brazilian Government as Regent, and further established that no laws, decrees or

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After issuing a new Constitution for Portugal on 29 April 1826, and as already announced in that Constitution, King-Emperor Pedro abdicated the Portuguese Crown in favour of his daughter, Princess Maria da Glória, on 2 May 1826. Princess Maria da Glória thus became Queen

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with the caveat that this title was honorary and ceremonial only, and that Pedro I and his successors in the independent Brazilian Crown were the only actual Emperors of Brazil. This honorary title ceased to have effect upon the demise of King John VI on 10 March 1826.

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foreigners from succeeding to the Crown) applied to her, so that, as a foreigner, she should be considered excluded from the Brazilian line of succession. The Empire's Constitution limited the Crown of Brazil to Emperor Pedro I and his legitimate descendants, under a

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treaty had been ratified in November 1825 and as the Emperor, still yielding the fullness of legislative authority (that he was to lose upon the first meeting of the Parliament), ordered the execution of the agreement as part of the law of Brazil on 10 April 1826.

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News of further attempts of the Portuguese Cortes aimed at dissolving Prince Pedro's Regency led directly to the Brazilian Proclamation of Independence. Accordingly, in 1822, the Regent of the Kingdom of Brazil, Prince Pedro, the son of John VI, declared the

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In 1824, in the wake of the adoption of the Constitution of the Empire of Brazil on 25 March that year, the United States of America became the first nation to recognize the independence of Brazil and the consequential disbandment of the United Kingdom.

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the several provinces of Brazil, summoning elections to that council. Its first meeting was held on 2 June 1822. Prince Regent Pedro's decree to the effect that laws, decrees and orders from Lisbon would only be carried out in Brazil with his

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order to put an end to the Portuguese absolute monarchy, the King-Emperor commissioned the drafting of a new Constitution for Portugal, that was widely based on the Brazilian Constitution. This document was finalized in less than a week.

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The titles of the Portuguese royalty were changed to reflect the creation of this transatlantic united kingdom. The styles of the Queen and of the Prince Regent were changed accordingly to Queen and Prince Regent of the

760: 6174: 2345:, a statute, ordering the execution of the Treaty as part of the domestic Law of Portugal. The Treaty was incorporated as part of the domestic Law of Brazil by a Decree of Emperor Pedro I signed on 10 April 1826. 50: 2574: 2503:

the last remaining ties of political union between the two Nations, securing the preservation of the independence of Brazil and putting to an end all hopes of the rebirth of a Luso-Brazilian United Kingdom.

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Attempts by the Government in Lisbon to terminate Brazil's home rule and to undermine Brazilian unity would lead to the proclamation of the independence of Brazil and the dissolution of the United Kingdom.

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Thus, from the point of view of Brazil, the elevation to the rank of a kingdom and the creation of the United Kingdom represented a change in status, from that of a colony to that of an equal member of a

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There were two Portuguese acts of recognition of Brazilian independence. The first was unilateral and purporting to be constitutive of such independence, the second was bilateral and declaratory.

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Prince Pedro's Regency not only assured the unity of the Brazilian people under one government, but it also enjoyed a high degree of autonomy vis-à-vis the Government of the United Kingdom.

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published on the following day, 5 October 1822. Due to the Brazilian secession from the United Kingdom, that Constitution was never recognized in Brazil and was only effective in Portugal.

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Notably, several Portuguese politicians wanted to re-introduce to Brazil restrictions in foreign trade that in the previous colonial era had been dubbed euphemistically as

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royal Government – continued, after the return of the King and of the Portuguese court to Europe, united under a central Brazilian Government based in Rio de Janeiro.

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to the condition of a Colony. Brazilians feared the breakup of Brazil, with the creation of provinces directly subject to the Lisbon Government.

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confirming as in force the "traditional laws of the Portuguese Monarchy", thus ratifying the restoration of the absolutist régime in Portugal.

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The reason why there were two separate acts of recognition of the independence of Brazil is this: in the wake of the Brazilian victory in the

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Portugal, thus recreating a personal union between the two monarchies. The question became even more pressing after the conclusion of the

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respectively. The title of the Portuguese heir apparent was changed to "Prince Royal of Portugal and the Algarves" by the same edict.

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instructions issued by the Portuguese Cortes or by the central government of the United Kingdom would be obeyed in Brazil without his

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and by the same law the separate kingdoms of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves were united as a single state under the title of

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During its period of existence the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves did not correspond to the whole of the

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of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves assembled in Lisbon in the wake of the 1820 Portuguese Revolution.

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1808 – How a mad queen, a coward prince and a corrupt court fooled Napoleon and changed the History of Portugal and Brazil

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Portuguese Council of Regency (that had been instituted by King John VI during his final illness, and that was led by the

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capital, on 5 September, and on 7 September, while on his way back to Rio de Janeiro, he received mail from his Minister

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distinct institution, from a separate and independent country. Thus, it was decided that Emperors of Brazil should be

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By a law issued by the Prince Regent on 16 December 1815, the colony of Brazil was thus elevated to the rank of a

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Brazilian independentists argued that Brazil's future should be decided by Brazilians and not by the Lisbon

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The United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves came into being in the wake of Portugal's war with

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The recognition of Brazilian independence completed the dissolution of the United Kingdom.

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The United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves was formed in 1815, following the

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in Portugal, attempts to compromise the autonomy and even the unity of Brazil,

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1975 is the year of East Timor's Declaration of Independence and subsequent

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consecrated, anointed and crowned with the full Catholic coronation ritual

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The United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves with its colonies

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Prince Royal of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves

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other Provinces fighting erupted between Brazilians and Portuguese.

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Secretary of Education of Rio de Janeiro, accessed on 8 June 2008.

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Monarchs of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves

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King John disembarks in Lisbon in 1821, after 13 years in Brazil

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monarchy formed by the elevation of the Portuguese colony named

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of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves in

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Brazil elevated to the status of kingdom united with Portugal

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assembled in Lisbon, that economic freedom was under threat.

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On the date of his Acclamation, King John VI created the

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on the frontispiece of the 1826 Portuguese Constitution

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The United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves

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Elevação do Brasil a Reino Unido a Portugal e Algarves

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separate from the Kingdoms of Portugal and Algarves".

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to terminate Brazilian home rule, and became Emperor

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The Prince's decision not to obey the decrees of the

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King were held in Rio de Janeiro on 6 February 1818.

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United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves.

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United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil, and the Algarves

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United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves

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United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves

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United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves

134: 57:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 6367:States and territories disestablished in the 1820s 3219:List of titles and honours of the Portuguese Crown 2404:Aftermath: resolution of the dynastic entanglement 1066:of Emperor Pedro I took place on 1 December 1822. 650:in 1825, when Portugal recognized the independent 1047:Conselho de Procuradores das Províncias do Brasil 809:Order of the Immaculate Conception of Vila Viçosa 6357:1820s disestablishments in the Portuguese Empire 3239:Duarte Pio, Duke of Braganza (current pretender) 3152:Project for the Royal Palace in Campo de Ourique 3145:Juvarra's Project for the Royal Palace in Lisbon 2332:after the surrender of Portuguese forces in 1823 740:, which is the present-day Portuguese region of 698:. The Portuguese Prince Regent (the future King 192: 139: 5445:Theory of the Portuguese discovery of Australia 5435:Portuguese Empire in the Indonesian Archipelago 1000:, which spelled the end of the United Kingdom. 2296:wars of independence waged by Spanish colonies 5471: 3285: 2835: 2274: 8: 6362:1815 establishments in the Portuguese Empire 992:, as a reaction against the attempts of the 736:This united kingdom included the historical 6352:States and territories established in 1815 5911: 5794: 5691: 5566: 5478: 5464: 5456: 5142: 5021: 4763: 4274: 3979: 3558: 3308: 3292: 3278: 3270: 2842: 2828: 2820: 2510: 2281: 2267: 1312:Transfer of the Portuguese court to Brazil 1073: 628:transfer of the Portuguese court to Brazil 216: 141:Reino Unido de Portugal, Brasil e Algarves 131: 117:Learn how and when to remove this message 979:Declaration of Brazil's independence by 858: 702:), with his incapacitated mother (Queen 473:4,000,000 (Brazil), 3,000,000 (Portugal) 6347:Portuguese colonization of 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Portuguese sovereign 3229:Pantheon of the House of Braganza 2790:"Legislação avulsa do século XIX" 2772:"Legislação avulsa do século XIX" 1853:March of the One Hundred Thousand 895:Pedro, then Prince Regent of the 850:Dissolution of the United Kingdom 5532:First (Old) Republic (1889–1930) 5425:Portuguese colonial architecture 5026:North America and North Atlantic 3890:Portuguese São Tomé and Príncipe 3548: 2989: 2931:Transfer of the Portuguese court 2911:War of the Portuguese Succession 2619: 2573: 2551:17 December 1734 – 20 March 1816 2250: 1093: 817: 632:Napoleonic invasions of Portugal 577: 563: 538: 524: 200: 171: 157: 31: 5415:Armorial of Portuguese colonies 2961:Municipal Library Elevator Coup 2657:History of Portugal (1777–1834) 559:Kingdom of Portugal (1777–1834) 532:History of Portugal (1777–1834) 42:needs additional citations for 2708:Ministry of External Relations 2300:decolonization of the Americas 1922:1993 Constitutional referendum 1912:Impeachment of Fernando Collor 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the Equator 1344:United Kingdom with Portugal 971:Proclamation of Independence 5994:Water supply and sanitation 5542:Fourth Republic (1946–1964) 5517:Colonial Brazil (1500–1815) 5147:South America and Caribbean 2597:13 May 1767 – 10 March 1826 2480:Princess Januária of Brazil 1401:Recognition of Independence 1391:Declaration of Independence 1070:Recognition of independence 1008:e Silva and from his wife, 948:was published in May 1822. 6388: 5522:United Kingdom (1815–1822) 5295:Nova Colónia do Sacramento 4374:(Coulão / Kollam) 3445:Santa Cruz do Cabo de Gué 2936:Liberal Revolution of 1820 2926:Portuguese Restoration War 2732:, accessed on 8 June 2008. 2710:, accessed on 8 June 2008. 1833:1964 Brazilian coup d'état 1756:1937 Brazilian coup d'état 1741:Communist uprising of 1935 1513:Liberal rebellions of 1842 1366:Constituent Cortes of 1820 901:his unsuccessful rebellion 855:Lead-up to the dissolution 832:Liberal Revolution of 1820 818:John VI's return to Europe 675:Liberal Revolution of 1820 6251: 5914: 5797: 5776:President of the Republic 5694: 5569: 5410: 5152: 5141: 5031: 5020: 4773: 4762: 4496:(Porto Grande De Bengala) 4284: 4273: 3989: 3978: 3568: 3557: 3546: 3318: 3307: 2987: 2976:Royalist attack on Chaves 2971:5 October 1910 revolution 2698:(in Portuguese). Planeta. 2376:as an independent State. 1893:1988 Constituent Assembly 1838:Vacancy in the Presidency 1778:Ousting of Getúlio Vargas 1719:Second Brazilian Republic 1644:Coffee with milk politics 1578:Post–abolition of slavery 1428:1823 Constituent Assembly 1356:Conquest of French Guiana 1006:José Bonifácio de Andrada 503: 477: 463: 452: 383: 358: 329: 315: 287: 215: 187: 153: 148: 129:Pluricontinental monarchy 6337:19th century in Portugal 5699:Administrative divisions 2901:Battle of Alcácer Quibir 2815:Colonial flags of Brazil 2497:Concession of Evoramonte 1803:Construction of Brasília 1798:Lott's preventative coup 640:dissolved in 1822, when 5326:Grão-Pará and Rio Negro 5245: • 1621–1815 5232: • 1578–1607 5219: • 1572–1578 5206: • 1572–1578 5193: • 1549–1572 5180: • 1534–1549 4547: • 1535 4419: • 1512–1525 4087:Julfar (Ras al-Khaimah) 3249:Portuguese Crown Jewels 2726:Reino Unido (1815–1822) 1307:Minas Gerais Conspiracy 1032:Coronation ceremony of 738:Kingdom of the Algarves 706:) and the Royal Court, 621:Kingdom of the Algarves 5855:Science and technology 5537:Vargas Era (1930–1946) 5316:Grão-Pará and Maranhão 4740:Dadra and Nagar Haveli 3174:Kingdom of the Algarve 3134:Sintra National Palace 2956:31 January 1891 revolt 2896:Battle of Alfarrobeira 2850:Topics related to the 2647:Kingdom of the Algarve 2445: 2333: 1937:Car Wash investigation 1848:Araguaia Guerrilla War 1528:Eusébio de Queirós Law 1041: 1022:Royal Palace of Queluz 990:independence of Brazil 984: 904: 868: 827: 800: 780: 771:Brazil 1816 960 reis, 417:Independence of Brazil 193: 140: 5006:invasion by Indonesia 4768:East Asia and Oceania 3940:São Tomé and Príncipe 3713:Portuguese Mozambique 3670:Portuguese Gold Coast 3234:Most Faithful Majesty 3104:Rio de Janeiro Palace 2981:Monarchy of the North 2891:Battle of Aljubarrota 2484:Regency of the Empire 2440:(right) and his wife 2435: 2323: 1826:Military dictatorship 1632:Federalist Revolution 1608:Republic of the Sword 1558:Revolt of the Muckers 1453:Abdication of Pedro I 1245:Quilombo dos Palmares 1157:Treaty of Tordesillas 1031: 978: 894: 862: 825: 791: 784:Succession of John VI 770: 673:. In the wake of the 242:Common languages 5673:World Heritage Sites 5606:Environmental issues 5579:Brazilian Antarctica 3119:São Cristóvão Palace 2951:Portuguese Civil War 2866:Battle of São Mamede 2489:Portuguese Civil War 2451:Maria II of Portugal 2411:Infanta Isabel Maria 1947:Coronavirus pandemic 1768:Integralist Uprising 1573:Abolition of Slavery 1317:Opening of the ports 679:led to the breakdown 430:Constitution adopted 51:improve this article 6304: / 6222:Syncretic Religions 6130:Freedom of religion 5812:Automotive industry 3659:(São Jorge da Mina) 3510:São João da Mamora 3352:(El Qsar es Seghir) 3224:Council of Portugal 3214:Portuguese nobility 3189:Portuguese Monarchs 3169:Kingdom of Portugal 3099:Quinta da Boa Vista 3084:Necessidades Palace 2881:Manifestis Probatum 2852:Portuguese monarchy 2637:Kingdom of Portugal 2350:War of Independence 2063:Rio Grande do Norte 1473:1834 Additional Act 1396:War of Independence 1272:War of the Emboabas 1010:Princess Leopoldina 983:on 7 September 1822 792:The acclamation of 717:With the defeat of 704:Maria I of Portugal 617:Kingdom of Portugal 607:to the status of a 6182:Eastern Orthodoxy 6175:Ukrainian Catholic 5870:Telecommunications 5527:Empire (1822–1889) 5512:Indigenous peoples 5372:Portuguese Guiana 5336:Maranhão and Piauí 4984:Lapa and Montanha 4795:Portuguese Malacca 4681:Portuguese Ceylon 4635:(Portuguese India) 4473:(Portuguese India) 4104: • 3563:Sub-Saharan Africa 3139:Vila Viçosa Palace 3069:Citadel of Cascais 2921:Forty Conspirators 2704:Monarchy in Brazil 2467:Pedro II of Brazil 2446: 2334: 2023:Mato Grosso do Sul 1960:By federative unit 1843:Institutional Acts 1726:Revolution of 1930 1699:Lieutenant revolts 1684:Revolt of the Lash 1664:Annexation of Acre 1654:Amazon rubber boom 1250:France Equinoxiale 1230:France Antarctique 1169:European discovery 1122:Indigenous Peoples 1042: 1040:on 1 December 1822 985: 905: 886:Constituent Cortes 869: 828: 801: 781: 404:Liberal Revolution 179:Royal coat of arms 6308:22.900°S 43.233°W 6287: 6286: 6247: 6246: 6189: 6177: 6170: 6163: 6156: 6154:Armenian Catholic 5959:Income inequality 5901: 5900: 5784: 5783: 5771:Political parties 5766:National Congress 5729:Freedom of speech 5714:Foreign relations 5681: 5680: 5453: 5452: 5406: 5405: 5400: 5399: 5393: 5392: 5341: 5340: 5300: 5299: 5267: 5266: 5137: 5136: 5131: 5130: 5122: 5121: 5076: 5075: 5016: 5015: 4999: 4998: 4992: 4991: 4974:Portuguese Macau 4966: 4965: 4919: 4918: 4889: 4888: 4758: 4757: 4752: 4751: 4745: 4744: 4730:Portuguese India 4722: 4721: 4707:Portuguese India 4699: 4698: 4662: 4661: 4625: 4624: 4463: 4462: 4317: 4316: 4307:Laccadive Islands 4269: 4268: 4263: 4262: 4256: 4255: 4153: 4152: 3974: 3973: 3964:Portuguese Angola 3957:Portuguese Guinea 3933: 3932: 3926: 3925: 3911:Portuguese Guinea 3895: 3894: 3861: 3860: 3816: 3815: 3786:Portuguese Angola 3685: 3684: 3680:Mascarene Islands 3544: 3543: 3538: 3537: 3531: 3530: 3427: 3426: 3395:1487–16th century 3301:Portuguese Empire 3267: 3266: 3209:Portuguese Cortes 3204:Portuguese Empire 3179:Kingdom of Brazil 3129:Santa Cruz Estate 3032: 3021:House of Braganza 3016:House of Habsburg 2871:Battle of Ourique 2690:Gomes, Laurentino 2652:Portuguese Empire 2642:Kingdom of Brazil 2628: 2627: 2291: 2290: 2257:Brazil portal 2178:Jewish Brazilians 2068:Rio Grande do Sul 1900:1988 Constitution 1863:Redemocratization 1858:Brazilian Miracle 1808:Legality Campaign 1791:Populist Republic 1761:1937 Constitution 1736:1934 Constitution 1674:Taubaté Agreement 1603:1891 Constitution 1568:Military Question 1506:Reign of Pedro II 1438:1824 Constitution 1351:Pernambuco Revolt 1137:Marajoara culture 1087:History of Brazil 1038:Emperor of Brazil 998:Pedro I of Brazil 917:the colonial pact 897:Kingdom of Brazil 696:Napoleonic France 659:Portuguese Empire 613:Kingdom of Brazil 593: 592: 589: 588: 585: 584: 551: 550: 435:23 September 1822 371: 347:• 1821–1825 335:• 1815–1816 305:• 1816–1825 293:• 1815–1816 254:Roman Catholicism 208: 127: 126: 119: 101: 16:(Redirected from 6379: 6319: 6318: 6316: 6315: 6314: 6313:-22.900; -43.233 6309: 6305: 6302: 6301: 6300: 6297: 6267: 6260: 6185: 6173: 6166: 6159: 6152: 6077:National symbols 5912: 5850: 5822:Economic history 5807:Animal husbandry 5795: 5692: 5567: 5480: 5473: 5466: 5457: 5440:Portuguese India 5388: 5375: 5362: 5352: 5351: 5349: 5309: 5308: 5306: 5278: 5277: 5275: 5250: 5237: 5224: 5211: 5198: 5185: 5167: 5166: 5164: 5156: 5143: 5097: 5087: 5086: 5084: 5046: 5045: 5043: 5035: 5022: 4987: 4977: 4976: 4972: 4934: 4933: 4930:Portuguese Macau 4927: 4915: 4914: 4906:Portuguese Timor 4898: 4897: 4895: 4842: 4829: 4816: 4788: 4787: 4785: 4777: 4764: 4733: 4732: 4728: 4710: 4709: 4705: 4684: 4664: 4663: 4657: 4629: 4628: 4600: 4577: 4564: 4541: 4497: 4467: 4466: 4448: 4434: 4423: 4402: 4389: 4388:(Cochin de Cima) 4375: 4364: 4353: 4340: 4330: 4329: 4326:Portuguese India 4323: 4311: 4299: 4298: 4296: 4288: 4275: 4164: 4163: 4161: 4109: 4037: 4014: 4004: 4003: 4001: 3993: 3980: 3921:Portuguese Congo 3904: 3903: 3901: 3880: 3870: 3869: 3867: 3857: 3827: 3826: 3824: 3811: 3799: 3746: 3696: 3695: 3693: 3660: 3647: 3625: 3613: 3583: 3582: 3580: 3572: 3559: 3552: 3526: 3513: 3500: 3487: 3474: 3473:(Souira Guedima) 3461: 3448: 3438: 3437: 3435: 3412: 3389: 3366: 3353: 3333: 3332: 3330: 3322: 3309: 3294: 3287: 3280: 3271: 3124:São Jorge Castle 3030: 2993: 2876:Treaty of Zamora 2844: 2837: 2830: 2821: 2798: 2797: 2786: 2780: 2779: 2768: 2762: 2761: 2750: 2721: 2699: 2662:Empire of Brazil 2624: 2623: 2607:7 September 1822 2600: 2596: 2594: 2578: 2577: 2558:16 December 1815 2554: 2550: 2548: 2511: 2417:only, and not a 2397:Assembléia Geral 2283: 2276: 2269: 2255: 2254: 2253: 1998:Federal District 1616: 1421:Reign of Pedro I 1414:Empire of Brazil 1325: 1292:Treaty of Madrid 1282:Vila Rica Revolt 1199: 1191:Brazilwood cycle 1097: 1074: 1052:Empire of Brazil 777:Spanish 8 Reales 755:Prince of Brazil 712:colony of Brazil 652:Empire of Brazil 601:pluricontinental 581: 580: 573:Empire of Brazil 567: 566: 555: 554: 542: 541: 528: 527: 521: 520: 505: 504: 422:7 September 1822 396:16 December 1815 369: 271:Federal monarchy 220: 210: 209: 198: 195:Hymno Patriótico 175: 165:Flag (1816–1825) 161: 143: 132: 122: 115: 111: 108: 102: 100: 59: 35: 27: 21: 6387: 6386: 6382: 6381: 6380: 6378: 6377: 6376: 6372:Former kingdoms 6332:Colonial Brazil 6322: 6321: 6312: 6310: 6306: 6303: 6298: 6295: 6293: 6291: 6290: 6288: 6283: 6270: 6263: 6256: 6243: 6116: 6102:Science fiction 6092:Public holidays 6008: 5969:Life expectancy 5897: 5879: 5848: 5780: 5756:Law enforcement 5677: 5663:Water resources 5643:Protected areas 5556: 5493: 5484: 5454: 5449: 5402: 5401: 5386: 5373: 5360: 5345: 5302: 5271: 5248: 5235: 5222: 5209: 5196: 5183: 5160: 5148: 5133: 5132: 5095: 5080: 5039: 5027: 5012: 5011: 5000: 4985: 4973: 4968: 4928: 4923: 4908: 4904: 4891: 4840: 4827: 4814: 4781: 4769: 4754: 4753: 4729: 4724: 4706: 4701: 4682: 4656:(Machilipatnam) 4655: 4598: 4575: 4562: 4539: 4528:Salsette Island 4499: 4495: 4494: 4446: 4436: 4432: 4431: 4425: 4421: 4420: 4400: 4387: 4377: 4373: 4372: 4366: 4362: 4361: 4351: 4338: 4324: 4319: 4313: 4309: 4308: 4292: 4280: 4265: 4264: 4157: 4099: 4035: 4012: 3997: 3985: 3970: 3969: 3966:from the 1920s. 3934: 3897: 3878: 3863: 3853: 3820: 3809: 3795: 3744: 3689: 3658: 3645: 3621: 3609: 3576: 3564: 3553: 3540: 3539: 3524: 3511: 3498: 3485: 3472: 3459: 3446: 3431: 3410: 3387: 3364: 3351: 3350:Alcácer Ceguer 3326: 3314: 3303: 3298: 3268: 3263: 3157: 3109:Ramalhão Palace 3059:Bemposta Palace 3041: 3035: 2994: 2985: 2966:Lisbon Regicide 2854: 2848: 2806: 2801: 2788: 2787: 2783: 2770: 2769: 2765: 2752: 2751: 2747: 2743: 2720:(in Portuguese) 2719: 2688: 2685: 2633: 2618: 2598: 2592: 2590: 2572: 2552: 2546: 2544: 2509: 2406: 2287: 2251: 2249: 2244: 2243: 2242: 2238:Years in Brazil 2222: 2214: 2213: 2212: 2138:Catholic Church 2118:Afro-Brazilians 2112: 2104: 2103: 2102: 1962: 1952: 1951: 1883: 1873: 1872: 1828: 1818: 1817: 1793: 1783: 1782: 1745: 1714: 1704: 1703: 1679:Naval arms race 1610: 1593: 1583: 1582: 1553:Religious Issue 1538:Christie Affair 1518:Praieira revolt 1502: 1457: 1416: 1406: 1405: 1381: 1371: 1370: 1346: 1336: 1335: 1319: 1255:Dutch invasions 1240:Jesuit missions 1223:State of Brazil 1219: 1193: 1180: 1152: 1150:Colonial Brazil 1142: 1141: 1117: 1107: 1072: 1014:Cry of Ipiranga 973: 903:, February 1822 857: 852: 820: 814: 786: 692: 687: 671:political union 663:colonial empire 605:State of Brazil 578: 564: 546:State of Brazil 539: 525: 470: 445: 432: 419: 406: 393: 348: 336: 306: 294: 269: 234: 223: 211: 201: 183: 182: 181: 176: 168: 167: 162: 144: 137: 130: 123: 112: 106: 103: 60: 58: 48: 36: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6385: 6383: 6375: 6374: 6369: 6364: 6359: 6354: 6349: 6344: 6339: 6334: 6324: 6323: 6285: 6284: 6282: 6281: 6276: 6269: 6268: 6261: 6253: 6252: 6249: 6248: 6245: 6244: 6242: 6241: 6240: 6239: 6234: 6229: 6219: 6214: 6209: 6204: 6203: 6202: 6197: 6192: 6191: 6190: 6180: 6179: 6178: 6171: 6164: 6157: 6142: 6137: 6132: 6126: 6124: 6118: 6117: 6115: 6114: 6109: 6104: 6099: 6094: 6089: 6084: 6079: 6074: 6069: 6064: 6059: 6054: 6049: 6044: 6039: 6034: 6029: 6024: 6018: 6016: 6010: 6009: 6007: 6006: 6001: 5996: 5991: 5986: 5981: 5976: 5971: 5966: 5961: 5956: 5951: 5946: 5941: 5936: 5931: 5926: 5921: 5915: 5909: 5903: 5902: 5899: 5898: 5896: 5895: 5893:Rail transport 5889: 5887: 5881: 5880: 5878: 5877: 5872: 5867: 5862: 5857: 5852: 5844: 5839: 5834: 5829: 5824: 5819: 5814: 5809: 5804: 5798: 5792: 5786: 5785: 5782: 5781: 5779: 5778: 5773: 5768: 5763: 5758: 5753: 5748: 5743: 5742: 5741: 5739:Women's rights 5736: 5731: 5721: 5716: 5711: 5706: 5701: 5695: 5689: 5683: 5682: 5679: 5678: 5676: 5675: 5670: 5665: 5660: 5655: 5650: 5645: 5640: 5635: 5630: 5628:Largest cities 5625: 5620: 5615: 5613:Extreme points 5610: 5609: 5608: 5598: 5593: 5592: 5591: 5589:Climate change 5581: 5576: 5570: 5564: 5558: 5557: 5555: 5554: 5549: 5544: 5539: 5534: 5529: 5524: 5519: 5514: 5509: 5503: 5501: 5495: 5494: 5485: 5483: 5482: 5475: 5468: 5460: 5451: 5450: 5448: 5447: 5442: 5437: 5432: 5427: 5422: 5417: 5411: 5408: 5407: 5404: 5403: 5398: 5397: 5391: 5390: 5382: 5378: 5377: 5369: 5365: 5364: 5356: 5342: 5339: 5338: 5333: 5329: 5328: 5323: 5319: 5318: 5313: 5298: 5297: 5292: 5288: 5287: 5282: 5268: 5265: 5264: 5259: 5255: 5254: 5246: 5242: 5241: 5233: 5229: 5228: 5226:Rio de Janeiro 5220: 5216: 5215: 5207: 5203: 5202: 5194: 5190: 5189: 5181: 5177: 5176: 5171: 5154: 5153: 5150: 5149: 5146: 5139: 5138: 5135: 5134: 5129: 5128: 5123: 5120: 5119: 5114: 5110: 5109: 5104: 5100: 5099: 5096:(Newfoundland) 5091: 5077: 5074: 5073: 5064: 5060: 5059: 5050: 5033: 5032: 5029: 5028: 5025: 5018: 5017: 5014: 5013: 5010: 5009: 5001: 4997: 4996: 4990: 4989: 4981: 4964: 4963: 4958: 4954: 4953: 4948: 4944: 4943: 4938: 4920: 4917: 4916: 4902: 4887: 4886: 4881: 4877: 4876: 4871: 4867: 4866: 4861: 4857: 4856: 4851: 4847: 4846: 4838: 4834: 4833: 4825: 4821: 4820: 4812: 4808: 4807: 4802: 4798: 4797: 4792: 4775: 4774: 4771: 4770: 4767: 4760: 4759: 4756: 4755: 4750: 4749: 4743: 4742: 4737: 4720: 4719: 4714: 4697: 4696: 4691: 4687: 4686: 4678: 4674: 4673: 4668: 4660: 4659: 4651: 4647: 4646: 4641: 4637: 4636: 4633: 4626: 4623: 4622: 4617: 4613: 4612: 4607: 4603: 4602: 4594: 4590: 4589: 4584: 4580: 4579: 4571: 4567: 4566: 4558: 4554: 4553: 4548: 4544: 4543: 4535: 4531: 4530: 4525: 4521: 4520: 4515: 4511: 4510: 4505: 4501: 4500: 4491: 4489: 4485: 4484: 4479: 4475: 4474: 4471: 4464: 4461: 4460: 4455: 4451: 4450: 4442: 4438: 4437: 4428: 4426: 4418: 4415: 4414: 4409: 4405: 4404: 4396: 4392: 4391: 4383: 4379: 4378: 4369: 4367: 4359: 4356: 4355: 4347: 4343: 4342: 4334: 4315: 4314: 4305: 4303: 4286: 4285: 4282: 4281: 4278: 4271: 4270: 4267: 4266: 4261: 4260: 4254: 4253: 4248: 4244: 4243: 4238: 4234: 4233: 4228: 4224: 4223: 4218: 4214: 4213: 4208: 4204: 4203: 4198: 4194: 4193: 4188: 4184: 4183: 4178: 4174: 4173: 4168: 4154: 4151: 4150: 4145: 4141: 4140: 4135: 4131: 4130: 4125: 4121: 4120: 4115: 4111: 4110: 4094: 4090: 4089: 4084: 4080: 4079: 4074: 4070: 4069: 4064: 4060: 4059: 4054: 4050: 4049: 4044: 4040: 4039: 4031: 4027: 4026: 4021: 4017: 4016: 4013:(Bandar Abbas) 4008: 3991: 3990: 3987: 3986: 3983: 3976: 3975: 3972: 3971: 3968: 3967: 3960: 3953: 3946: 3943: 3935: 3931: 3930: 3924: 3923: 3918: 3914: 3913: 3908: 3893: 3892: 3887: 3883: 3882: 3874: 3859: 3858: 3851: 3847: 3846: 3841: 3837: 3836: 3831: 3817: 3814: 3813: 3805: 3801: 3800: 3793: 3789: 3788: 3783: 3779: 3778: 3773: 3769: 3768: 3763: 3759: 3758: 3753: 3749: 3748: 3740: 3736: 3735: 3730: 3726: 3725: 3720: 3716: 3715: 3710: 3706: 3705: 3700: 3686: 3683: 3682: 3677: 3673: 3672: 3667: 3663: 3662: 3654: 3650: 3649: 3641: 3637: 3636: 3631: 3627: 3626: 3619: 3615: 3614: 3607: 3603: 3602: 3597: 3593: 3592: 3587: 3570: 3569: 3566: 3565: 3562: 3555: 3554: 3547: 3545: 3542: 3541: 3536: 3535: 3529: 3528: 3520: 3516: 3515: 3507: 3503: 3502: 3494: 3490: 3489: 3481: 3477: 3476: 3468: 3464: 3463: 3455: 3451: 3450: 3442: 3428: 3425: 3424: 3419: 3415: 3414: 3406: 3402: 3401: 3396: 3392: 3391: 3383: 3379: 3378: 3373: 3369: 3368: 3360: 3356: 3355: 3347: 3343: 3342: 3337: 3320: 3319: 3316: 3315: 3312: 3305: 3304: 3299: 3297: 3296: 3289: 3282: 3274: 3265: 3264: 3262: 3261: 3256: 3251: 3246: 3241: 3236: 3231: 3226: 3221: 3216: 3211: 3206: 3201: 3196: 3191: 3186: 3181: 3176: 3171: 3165: 3163: 3159: 3158: 3156: 3155: 3148: 3141: 3136: 3131: 3126: 3121: 3116: 3114:Ribeira Palace 3111: 3106: 3101: 3096: 3091: 3086: 3081: 3076: 3071: 3066: 3061: 3056: 3051: 3045: 3043: 3037: 3036: 3034: 3033: 3023: 3018: 3013: 3008: 3002: 3000: 2996: 2995: 2988: 2986: 2984: 2983: 2978: 2973: 2968: 2963: 2958: 2953: 2948: 2943: 2938: 2933: 2928: 2923: 2918: 2913: 2908: 2903: 2898: 2893: 2888: 2886:1383–85 Crisis 2883: 2878: 2873: 2868: 2862: 2860: 2856: 2855: 2849: 2847: 2846: 2839: 2832: 2824: 2818: 2817: 2812: 2810:Brazil history 2805: 2804:External links 2802: 2800: 2799: 2781: 2763: 2744: 2742: 2739: 2738: 2737: 2733: 2722: 2711: 2700: 2684: 2681: 2680: 2679: 2674: 2669: 2664: 2659: 2654: 2649: 2644: 2639: 2632: 2629: 2626: 2625: 2616: 2611: 2610:Son of Maria I 2608: 2605: 2602: 2601:(aged 58) 2588: 2580: 2579: 2570: 2565: 2562: 2559: 2556: 2555:(aged 81) 2542: 2534: 2533: 2530: 2527: 2524: 2521: 2518: 2515: 2508: 2505: 2438:Queen Maria II 2415:personal union 2405: 2402: 2343:Charter of Law 2289: 2288: 2286: 2285: 2278: 2271: 2263: 2260: 2259: 2246: 2245: 2241: 2240: 2235: 2230: 2224: 2223: 2220: 2219: 2216: 2215: 2211: 2210: 2205: 2200: 2198:Rail transport 2195: 2190: 2185: 2180: 2175: 2170: 2160: 2155: 2150: 2145: 2140: 2135: 2130: 2125: 2120: 2114: 2113: 2110: 2109: 2106: 2105: 2101: 2100: 2095: 2090: 2085: 2083:Santa Catarina 2080: 2075: 2070: 2065: 2060: 2058:Rio de Janeiro 2055: 2050: 2045: 2040: 2035: 2030: 2025: 2020: 2015: 2010: 2005: 2003:Espírito Santo 2000: 1995: 1990: 1985: 1980: 1975: 1970: 1964: 1963: 1958: 1957: 1954: 1953: 1950: 1949: 1944: 1939: 1934: 1929: 1924: 1919: 1914: 1909: 1903: 1902: 1896: 1895: 1890: 1884: 1879: 1878: 1875: 1874: 1871: 1870: 1865: 1860: 1855: 1850: 1845: 1840: 1835: 1829: 1824: 1823: 1820: 1819: 1816: 1815: 1810: 1805: 1800: 1794: 1789: 1788: 1785: 1784: 1781: 1780: 1775: 1770: 1765: 1764: 1763: 1752: 1751: 1744: 1743: 1738: 1733: 1728: 1722: 1721: 1715: 1710: 1709: 1706: 1705: 1702: 1701: 1696: 1691: 1689:Contestado War 1686: 1681: 1676: 1671: 1669:Vaccine Revolt 1666: 1661: 1659:War of Canudos 1656: 1651: 1646: 1641: 1635: 1634: 1629: 1624: 1618: 1617: 1605: 1600: 1594: 1589: 1588: 1585: 1584: 1581: 1580: 1575: 1570: 1565: 1560: 1555: 1550: 1548:Paraguayan War 1545: 1540: 1535: 1530: 1525: 1520: 1515: 1509: 1508: 1501: 1500: 1495: 1490: 1488:Ragamuffin War 1485: 1480: 1475: 1470: 1464: 1463: 1461:Regency Period 1456: 1455: 1450: 1448:Cisplatine War 1445: 1440: 1435: 1433:Night of Agony 1430: 1424: 1423: 1417: 1412: 1411: 1408: 1407: 1404: 1403: 1398: 1393: 1388: 1382: 1377: 1376: 1373: 1372: 1369: 1368: 1363: 1358: 1353: 1347: 1342: 1341: 1338: 1337: 1334: 1333: 1328: 1327: 1326: 1309: 1304: 1299: 1294: 1289: 1284: 1279: 1274: 1269: 1264: 1263: 1262: 1252: 1247: 1242: 1237: 1232: 1226: 1225: 1218: 1217: 1216: 1215: 1205: 1200: 1187: 1186: 1179: 1178: 1177: 1176: 1165: 1164: 1159: 1153: 1148: 1147: 1144: 1143: 1140: 1139: 1134: 1129: 1124: 1118: 1113: 1112: 1109: 1108: 1100:Terra Brasilis 1098: 1090: 1089: 1083: 1082: 1071: 1068: 972: 969: 856: 853: 851: 848: 819: 816: 798:Rio de Janeiro 785: 782: 691: 688: 686: 683: 681:of the union. 591: 590: 587: 586: 583: 582: 575: 569: 568: 561: 552: 549: 548: 543: 535: 534: 529: 517: 516: 511: 501: 500: 495: 489: 488: 483: 479: 478: 475: 474: 471: 468: 465: 464: 461: 460: 454: 453: 450: 449: 448:29 August 1825 446: 443:Disestablished 440: 437: 436: 433: 427: 424: 423: 420: 414: 411: 410: 409:24 August 1820 407: 401: 398: 397: 394: 388: 385: 384: 381: 380: 377: 373: 372: 364: 360: 359: 356: 355: 349: 346: 343: 342: 337: 334: 331: 330: 327: 326: 323: 317: 316: 313: 312: 307: 304: 301: 300: 295: 292: 289: 288: 285: 284: 281: 275: 274: 268:(before 1820) 263: 257: 256: 251: 247: 246: 243: 239: 238: 232:Rio de Janeiro 229: 225: 224: 221: 213: 212: 199: 185: 184: 177: 170: 169: 163: 156: 155: 154: 151: 150: 146: 145: 138: 135: 128: 125: 124: 39: 37: 30: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6384: 6373: 6370: 6368: 6365: 6363: 6360: 6358: 6355: 6353: 6350: 6348: 6345: 6343: 6340: 6338: 6335: 6333: 6330: 6329: 6327: 6320: 6317: 6280: 6277: 6275: 6272: 6271: 6266: 6262: 6259: 6255: 6254: 6250: 6238: 6235: 6233: 6230: 6228: 6225: 6224: 6223: 6220: 6218: 6215: 6213: 6210: 6208: 6205: 6201: 6200:Protestantism 6198: 6196: 6193: 6188: 6184: 6183: 6181: 6176: 6172: 6169: 6165: 6162: 6158: 6155: 6151: 6150: 6149: 6146: 6145: 6144:Christianity 6143: 6141: 6138: 6136: 6133: 6131: 6128: 6127: 6125: 6123: 6119: 6113: 6110: 6108: 6105: 6103: 6100: 6098: 6095: 6093: 6090: 6088: 6085: 6083: 6080: 6078: 6075: 6073: 6070: 6068: 6065: 6063: 6060: 6058: 6055: 6053: 6050: 6048: 6045: 6043: 6040: 6038: 6035: 6033: 6030: 6028: 6025: 6023: 6020: 6019: 6017: 6015: 6011: 6005: 6002: 6000: 5997: 5995: 5992: 5990: 5987: 5985: 5984:States by HDI 5982: 5980: 5979:Social issues 5977: 5975: 5972: 5970: 5967: 5965: 5962: 5960: 5957: 5955: 5952: 5950: 5947: 5945: 5942: 5940: 5937: 5935: 5932: 5930: 5927: 5925: 5922: 5920: 5917: 5916: 5913: 5910: 5908: 5904: 5894: 5891: 5890: 5888: 5886: 5882: 5876: 5873: 5871: 5868: 5866: 5863: 5861: 5858: 5856: 5853: 5851: 5845: 5843: 5840: 5838: 5835: 5833: 5830: 5828: 5825: 5823: 5820: 5818: 5815: 5813: 5810: 5808: 5805: 5803: 5800: 5799: 5796: 5793: 5791: 5787: 5777: 5774: 5772: 5769: 5767: 5764: 5762: 5759: 5757: 5754: 5752: 5749: 5747: 5744: 5740: 5737: 5735: 5732: 5730: 5727: 5726: 5725: 5722: 5720: 5717: 5715: 5712: 5710: 5707: 5705: 5702: 5700: 5697: 5696: 5693: 5690: 5688: 5684: 5674: 5671: 5669: 5666: 5664: 5661: 5659: 5656: 5654: 5651: 5649: 5646: 5644: 5641: 5639: 5636: 5634: 5631: 5629: 5626: 5624: 5621: 5619: 5616: 5614: 5611: 5607: 5604: 5603: 5602: 5599: 5597: 5594: 5590: 5587: 5586: 5585: 5582: 5580: 5577: 5575: 5572: 5571: 5568: 5565: 5563: 5559: 5553: 5550: 5548: 5545: 5543: 5540: 5538: 5535: 5533: 5530: 5528: 5525: 5523: 5520: 5518: 5515: 5513: 5510: 5508: 5505: 5504: 5502: 5500: 5496: 5492: 5488: 5481: 5476: 5474: 5469: 5467: 5462: 5461: 5458: 5446: 5443: 5441: 5438: 5436: 5433: 5431: 5428: 5426: 5423: 5421: 5418: 5416: 5413: 5412: 5409: 5396: 5389: 5383: 5380: 5379: 5376: 5370: 5367: 5366: 5363: 5357: 5354: 5353: 5350: 5348: 5343: 5337: 5334: 5331: 5330: 5327: 5324: 5321: 5320: 5317: 5314: 5311: 5310: 5307: 5305: 5296: 5293: 5290: 5289: 5286: 5283: 5280: 5279: 5276: 5274: 5269: 5263: 5260: 5257: 5256: 5253: 5247: 5244: 5243: 5240: 5234: 5231: 5230: 5227: 5221: 5218: 5217: 5214: 5208: 5205: 5204: 5201: 5195: 5192: 5191: 5188: 5182: 5179: 5178: 5175: 5172: 5169: 5168: 5165: 5163: 5158: 5157: 5151: 5144: 5140: 5127: 5124: 5118: 5115: 5112: 5111: 5108: 5105: 5102: 5101: 5098: 5092: 5089: 5088: 5085: 5083: 5078: 5072: 5071: 5070: 5065: 5062: 5061: 5058: 5057: 5056: 5051: 5048: 5047: 5044: 5042: 5037: 5036: 5030: 5023: 5019: 5007: 5003: 5002: 4995: 4988: 4982: 4979: 4978: 4975: 4971: 4962: 4959: 4956: 4955: 4952: 4949: 4946: 4945: 4942: 4939: 4936: 4935: 4932: 4931: 4926: 4921: 4912: 4907: 4903: 4900: 4899: 4896: 4894: 4885: 4882: 4879: 4878: 4875: 4872: 4869: 4868: 4865: 4862: 4859: 4858: 4855: 4852: 4849: 4848: 4845: 4839: 4836: 4835: 4832: 4826: 4823: 4822: 4819: 4813: 4810: 4809: 4806: 4803: 4800: 4799: 4796: 4793: 4790: 4789: 4786: 4784: 4779: 4778: 4772: 4765: 4761: 4748: 4741: 4738: 4735: 4734: 4731: 4727: 4718: 4715: 4712: 4711: 4708: 4704: 4695: 4692: 4689: 4688: 4685: 4679: 4676: 4675: 4672: 4669: 4666: 4665: 4658: 4654:Masulipatnam 4652: 4649: 4648: 4645: 4642: 4639: 4638: 4634: 4631: 4630: 4627: 4621: 4618: 4615: 4614: 4611: 4610:Daman and Diu 4608: 4605: 4604: 4601: 4599:(Thoothukudi) 4595: 4592: 4591: 4588: 4585: 4582: 4581: 4578: 4576:(Kodungallur) 4572: 4569: 4568: 4565: 4563:(Vasai-Virar) 4559: 4556: 4555: 4552: 4549: 4546: 4545: 4542: 4536: 4533: 4532: 4529: 4526: 4523: 4522: 4519: 4516: 4513: 4512: 4509: 4506: 4503: 4502: 4498: 4490: 4487: 4486: 4483: 4480: 4477: 4476: 4472: 4469: 4468: 4465: 4459: 4456: 4453: 4452: 4449: 4443: 4440: 4439: 4435: 4427: 4417: 4416: 4413: 4410: 4407: 4406: 4403: 4397: 4394: 4393: 4390: 4384: 4381: 4380: 4376: 4368: 4358: 4357: 4354: 4348: 4345: 4344: 4341: 4335: 4332: 4331: 4328: 4327: 4322: 4312: 4310:(Lakshadweep) 4304: 4301: 4300: 4297: 4295: 4290: 4289: 4283: 4276: 4272: 4259: 4252: 4251:Bandar-e Kong 4249: 4246: 4245: 4242: 4241:Dibba Al-Hisn 4239: 4236: 4235: 4232: 4229: 4226: 4225: 4222: 4219: 4216: 4215: 4212: 4209: 4206: 4205: 4202: 4199: 4196: 4195: 4192: 4189: 4186: 4185: 4182: 4179: 4176: 4175: 4172: 4169: 4166: 4165: 4162: 4160: 4155: 4149: 4146: 4143: 4142: 4139: 4136: 4133: 4132: 4129: 4126: 4123: 4122: 4119: 4116: 4113: 4112: 4107: 4103: 4098: 4095: 4092: 4091: 4088: 4085: 4082: 4081: 4078: 4075: 4072: 4071: 4068: 4065: 4062: 4061: 4058: 4055: 4052: 4051: 4048: 4045: 4042: 4041: 4038: 4032: 4029: 4028: 4025: 4022: 4019: 4018: 4015: 4009: 4006: 4005: 4002: 4000: 3995: 3994: 3988: 3981: 3977: 3965: 3961: 3958: 3954: 3951: 3947: 3944: 3941: 3937: 3936: 3929: 3922: 3919: 3916: 3915: 3912: 3909: 3906: 3905: 3902: 3900: 3891: 3888: 3885: 3884: 3881: 3875: 3872: 3871: 3868: 3866: 3856: 3852: 3849: 3848: 3845: 3842: 3839: 3838: 3835: 3832: 3829: 3828: 3825: 3823: 3818: 3812: 3806: 3803: 3802: 3798: 3794: 3791: 3790: 3787: 3784: 3781: 3780: 3777: 3774: 3771: 3770: 3767: 3764: 3761: 3760: 3757: 3754: 3751: 3750: 3747: 3741: 3738: 3737: 3734: 3731: 3728: 3727: 3724: 3721: 3718: 3717: 3714: 3711: 3708: 3707: 3704: 3701: 3698: 3697: 3694: 3692: 3687: 3681: 3678: 3675: 3674: 3671: 3668: 3665: 3664: 3661: 3655: 3652: 3651: 3648: 3644:Fernando Poo 3642: 3639: 3638: 3635: 3632: 3629: 3628: 3624: 3620: 3617: 3616: 3612: 3608: 3605: 3604: 3601: 3598: 3595: 3594: 3591: 3588: 3585: 3584: 3581: 3579: 3574: 3573: 3567: 3560: 3556: 3551: 3534: 3527: 3521: 3518: 3517: 3514: 3508: 3505: 3504: 3501: 3495: 3492: 3491: 3488: 3482: 3479: 3478: 3475: 3469: 3466: 3465: 3462: 3456: 3453: 3452: 3449: 3443: 3440: 3439: 3436: 3434: 3429: 3423: 3420: 3417: 3416: 3413: 3407: 3404: 3403: 3400: 3397: 3394: 3393: 3390: 3384: 3381: 3380: 3377: 3374: 3371: 3370: 3367: 3361: 3358: 3357: 3354: 3348: 3345: 3344: 3341: 3338: 3335: 3334: 3331: 3329: 3324: 3323: 3317: 3310: 3306: 3302: 3295: 3290: 3288: 3283: 3281: 3276: 3275: 3272: 3260: 3257: 3255: 3252: 3250: 3247: 3245: 3242: 3240: 3237: 3235: 3232: 3230: 3227: 3225: 3222: 3220: 3217: 3215: 3212: 3210: 3207: 3205: 3202: 3200: 3197: 3195: 3192: 3190: 3187: 3185: 3182: 3180: 3177: 3175: 3172: 3170: 3167: 3166: 3164: 3162:Miscellaneous 3160: 3154: 3153: 3149: 3147: 3146: 3142: 3140: 3137: 3135: 3132: 3130: 3127: 3125: 3122: 3120: 3117: 3115: 3112: 3110: 3107: 3105: 3102: 3100: 3097: 3095: 3094:Queluz Palace 3092: 3090: 3087: 3085: 3082: 3080: 3077: 3075: 3072: 3070: 3067: 3065: 3064:Buçaco Palace 3062: 3060: 3057: 3055: 3052: 3050: 3047: 3046: 3044: 3038: 3029: 3028: 3024: 3022: 3019: 3017: 3014: 3012: 3011:House of Aviz 3009: 3007: 3004: 3003: 3001: 2997: 2992: 2982: 2979: 2977: 2974: 2972: 2969: 2967: 2964: 2962: 2959: 2957: 2954: 2952: 2949: 2947: 2944: 2942: 2939: 2937: 2934: 2932: 2929: 2927: 2924: 2922: 2919: 2917: 2916:Iberian Union 2914: 2912: 2909: 2907: 2904: 2902: 2899: 2897: 2894: 2892: 2889: 2887: 2884: 2882: 2879: 2877: 2874: 2872: 2869: 2867: 2864: 2863: 2861: 2857: 2853: 2845: 2840: 2838: 2833: 2831: 2826: 2825: 2822: 2816: 2813: 2811: 2808: 2807: 2803: 2795: 2791: 2785: 2782: 2777: 2773: 2767: 2764: 2759: 2755: 2749: 2746: 2740: 2736: 2734: 2731: 2728: 2727: 2723: 2717: 2716: 2712: 2709: 2706: 2705: 2701: 2697: 2696: 2691: 2687: 2686: 2682: 2678: 2675: 2673: 2670: 2668: 2665: 2663: 2660: 2658: 2655: 2653: 2650: 2648: 2645: 2643: 2640: 2638: 2635: 2634: 2630: 2622: 2617: 2615: 2612: 2609: 2606: 2604:20 March 1816 2603: 2589: 2587: 2586: 2582: 2581: 2576: 2571: 2569: 2566: 2563: 2561:20 March 1816 2560: 2557: 2543: 2541: 2540: 2536: 2535: 2531: 2528: 2525: 2522: 2519: 2516: 2513: 2512: 2506: 2504: 2500: 2498: 2494: 2490: 2485: 2481: 2476: 2470: 2468: 2462: 2458: 2454: 2452: 2443: 2439: 2434: 2430: 2426: 2422: 2420: 2416: 2412: 2403: 2401: 2398: 2392: 2388: 2384: 2381: 2377: 2375: 2371: 2365: 2361: 2357: 2355: 2354:fait accompli 2351: 2346: 2344: 2338: 2331: 2327: 2326:Imperial Army 2322: 2318: 2315: 2311: 2307: 2303: 2301: 2297: 2284: 2279: 2277: 2272: 2270: 2265: 2264: 2262: 2261: 2258: 2248: 2247: 2239: 2236: 2234: 2231: 2229: 2226: 2225: 2218: 2217: 2209: 2206: 2204: 2201: 2199: 2196: 2194: 2191: 2189: 2186: 2184: 2181: 2179: 2176: 2174: 2171: 2168: 2167:Football Team 2164: 2161: 2159: 2156: 2154: 2151: 2149: 2146: 2144: 2141: 2139: 2136: 2134: 2131: 2129: 2126: 2124: 2121: 2119: 2116: 2115: 2108: 2107: 2099: 2096: 2094: 2091: 2089: 2086: 2084: 2081: 2079: 2076: 2074: 2071: 2069: 2066: 2064: 2061: 2059: 2056: 2054: 2051: 2049: 2046: 2044: 2041: 2039: 2036: 2034: 2031: 2029: 2026: 2024: 2021: 2019: 2016: 2014: 2011: 2009: 2006: 2004: 2001: 1999: 1996: 1994: 1991: 1989: 1986: 1984: 1981: 1979: 1976: 1974: 1971: 1969: 1966: 1965: 1961: 1956: 1955: 1948: 1945: 1943: 1940: 1938: 1935: 1933: 1930: 1928: 1925: 1923: 1920: 1918: 1915: 1913: 1910: 1908: 1905: 1904: 1901: 1898: 1897: 1894: 1891: 1889: 1886: 1885: 1882: 1877: 1876: 1869: 1866: 1864: 1861: 1859: 1856: 1854: 1851: 1849: 1846: 1844: 1841: 1839: 1836: 1834: 1831: 1830: 1827: 1822: 1821: 1814: 1813:Plano Trienal 1811: 1809: 1806: 1804: 1801: 1799: 1796: 1795: 1792: 1787: 1786: 1779: 1776: 1774: 1771: 1769: 1766: 1762: 1759: 1758: 1757: 1754: 1753: 1750: 1747: 1746: 1742: 1739: 1737: 1734: 1732: 1729: 1727: 1724: 1723: 1720: 1717: 1716: 1713: 1708: 1707: 1700: 1697: 1695: 1692: 1690: 1687: 1685: 1682: 1680: 1677: 1675: 1672: 1670: 1667: 1665: 1662: 1660: 1657: 1655: 1652: 1650: 1647: 1645: 1642: 1640: 1637: 1636: 1633: 1630: 1628: 1625: 1623: 1620: 1619: 1614: 1609: 1606: 1604: 1601: 1599: 1596: 1595: 1592: 1587: 1586: 1579: 1576: 1574: 1571: 1569: 1566: 1564: 1561: 1559: 1556: 1554: 1551: 1549: 1546: 1544: 1543:Uruguayan War 1541: 1539: 1536: 1534: 1531: 1529: 1526: 1524: 1521: 1519: 1516: 1514: 1511: 1510: 1507: 1504: 1503: 1499: 1496: 1494: 1491: 1489: 1486: 1484: 1481: 1479: 1476: 1474: 1471: 1469: 1466: 1465: 1462: 1459: 1458: 1454: 1451: 1449: 1446: 1444: 1441: 1439: 1436: 1434: 1431: 1429: 1426: 1425: 1422: 1419: 1418: 1415: 1410: 1409: 1402: 1399: 1397: 1394: 1392: 1389: 1387: 1384: 1383: 1380: 1375: 1374: 1367: 1364: 1362: 1359: 1357: 1354: 1352: 1349: 1348: 1345: 1340: 1339: 1332: 1329: 1323: 1318: 1315: 1314: 1313: 1310: 1308: 1305: 1303: 1300: 1298: 1295: 1293: 1290: 1288: 1285: 1283: 1280: 1278: 1275: 1273: 1270: 1268: 1265: 1261: 1258: 1257: 1256: 1253: 1251: 1248: 1246: 1243: 1241: 1238: 1236: 1233: 1231: 1228: 1227: 1224: 1221: 1220: 1214: 1211: 1210: 1209: 1206: 1204: 1201: 1197: 1192: 1189: 1188: 1185: 1182: 1181: 1175: 1172: 1171: 1170: 1167: 1166: 1163: 1160: 1158: 1155: 1154: 1151: 1146: 1145: 1138: 1135: 1133: 1130: 1128: 1125: 1123: 1120: 1119: 1116: 1115:Pre-Cabraline 1111: 1110: 1105: 1101: 1096: 1092: 1091: 1088: 1084: 1080: 1076: 1075: 1069: 1067: 1065: 1061: 1055: 1053: 1048: 1039: 1036:as the first 1035: 1030: 1026: 1023: 1017: 1015: 1011: 1007: 1001: 999: 995: 991: 982: 977: 970: 968: 965: 960: 958: 953: 949: 947: 942: 937: 935: 929: 927: 922: 918: 913: 909: 902: 898: 893: 889: 887: 882: 878: 876: 875: 866: 861: 854: 849: 847: 843: 840: 836: 833: 824: 815: 812: 810: 805: 799: 795: 790: 783: 778: 774: 769: 765: 763: 762: 757: 756: 751: 745: 743: 739: 734: 732: 728: 723: 720: 715: 713: 709: 705: 701: 697: 690:Establishment 689: 684: 682: 680: 676: 672: 666: 664: 660: 655: 653: 649: 648: 643: 639: 638: 633: 629: 624: 622: 618: 614: 610: 606: 602: 598: 576: 574: 571: 570: 562: 560: 557: 556: 553: 547: 544: 537: 536: 533: 530: 523: 522: 519: 518: 515: 512: 510: 507: 506: 502: 499: 496: 494: 493:ISO 3166 code 490: 487: 484: 480: 476: 472: 459: 451: 447: 444: 434: 431: 421: 418: 408: 405: 395: 392: 378: 374: 368: 367:Cortes Gerais 365: 361: 357: 353: 350: 341: 338: 324: 322: 314: 311: 308: 299: 296: 282: 280: 272: 267: 264: 262: 258: 255: 252: 248: 244: 240: 237: 233: 230: 226: 219: 214: 197: 196: 190: 186: 180: 174: 166: 160: 152: 147: 142: 133: 121: 118: 110: 99: 96: 92: 89: 85: 82: 78: 75: 71: 68: – 67: 63: 62:Find sources: 56: 52: 46: 45: 40:This article 38: 34: 29: 28: 19: 6289: 5989:Unemployment 5939:Demographics 5817:Central Bank 5724:Human rights 5704:Constitution 5574:Amazon basin 5521: 5394: 5347:19th century 5346: 5344: 5304:18th century 5303: 5301: 5273:17th century 5272: 5270: 5162:16th century 5161: 5159: 5125: 5082:16th century 5081: 5079: 5067: 5066: 5053: 5052: 5041:15th century 5040: 5038: 4993: 4970:20th century 4969: 4967: 4925:19th century 4924: 4922: 4893:17th century 4892: 4890: 4783:16th century 4782: 4780: 4746: 4726:18th century 4725: 4723: 4703:17th century 4702: 4700: 4401:(Nagapatnam) 4321:16th century 4320: 4318: 4294:15th century 4293: 4291: 4257: 4159:17th century 4158: 4156: 4128:Tarut Island 3999:16th century 3998: 3996: 3984:Middle East 3950:Anosy Region 3927: 3899:19th century 3898: 3896: 3865:18th century 3864: 3862: 3822:17th century 3821: 3819: 3723:Saint Helena 3691:16th century 3690: 3688: 3578:15th century 3577: 3575: 3532: 3433:16th century 3432: 3430: 3328:15th century 3327: 3325: 3313:North Africa 3199:Sebastianism 3183: 3150: 3143: 3079:Mafra Palace 3074:Évora Palace 3054:Belém Palace 3049:Ajuda Palace 3025: 2999:Royal houses 2946:April Revolt 2941:Vilafrancada 2859:Major events 2793: 2784: 2775: 2766: 2757: 2748: 2735: 2724: 2713: 2702: 2693: 2683:Bibliography 2599:(1826-03-10) 2583: 2553:(1816-03-20) 2537: 2501: 2471: 2463: 2459: 2455: 2447: 2427: 2423: 2407: 2396: 2395:Parliament ( 2393: 2389: 2385: 2382: 2378: 2373: 2369: 2366: 2362: 2358: 2353: 2347: 2342: 2339: 2335: 2316: 2312: 2308: 2304: 2292: 2143:Constitution 2028:Minas Gerais 1907:Plano Collor 1881:New Republic 1773:World War II 1639:Belle Époque 1627:Navy Revolts 1622:Encilhamento 1591:Old Republic 1523:Coffee cycle 1468:April Revolt 1379:Independence 1343: 1260:Dutch Brazil 1235:Bandeirantes 1104:Miller Atlas 1099: 1056: 1050:independent 1046: 1043: 1018: 1002: 993: 986: 981:Prince Pedro 963: 961: 956: 954: 950: 945: 940: 938: 933: 930: 925: 921:mercantilist 916: 914: 910: 906: 883: 879: 872: 870: 864: 844: 841: 837: 829: 813: 806: 802: 794:King João VI 759: 753: 749: 746: 735: 730: 724: 716: 693: 667: 656: 645: 635: 625: 596: 594: 514:Succeeded by 513: 508: 469:• 1820 352:Prince Pedro 273:(after 1820) 188: 113: 104: 94: 87: 80: 73: 61: 49:Please help 44:verification 41: 6311: / 6148:Catholicism 6062:Malandragem 6027:Archaeology 5954:Immigration 5860:Stock index 5802:Agriculture 5601:Environment 5385:Upper Peru 5359:Cisplatina 5117:Nova Scotia 5094:Terra Nova 4683:(Sri Lanka) 4574:Cranganore 4433:(Kozhikode) 4386:Pallipuram 4171:Khor Fakkan 4124:1521?–1551? 3948:A factory ( 3486:(El Jadida) 3460:(Essaouira) 3388:(El Jadida) 3089:Pena Palace 2794:geneall.net 2776:geneall.net 2677:First reign 2520:Reign start 2298:during the 2208:Transgender 2188:Nationality 2018:Mato Grosso 1888:Lost Decade 1749:Estado Novo 1694:World War I 1611: [ 1563:Grande Seca 1533:Platine War 1478:Malê Revolt 1386:Dia do Fico 1320: [ 1297:Guaraní War 1277:Mascate War 1213:Slave trade 1203:Sugar cycle 1194: [ 1184:Captaincies 630:during the 509:Preceded by 391:Established 370:(1820–1823) 363:Legislature 340:Prince John 6326:Categories 6187:Antiochian 6112:Television 6082:Newspapers 6057:Literature 5929:Corruption 5924:Censorship 5849:(currency) 5719:Government 5113:1516–1579? 5103:1500–1579? 5090:1500–1579? 4961:Ilha Verde 4911:East Timor 4597:Tuticorin 4493:Chittagong 4399:Negapatam 4350:Cannanore 4279:South Asia 4114:1521–1529? 4083:1515–1633? 3959:from 1879. 3942:from 1753. 3834:Ziguinchor 3766:Madagascar 3600:Cape Verde 3499:(Azemmour) 3042:residences 3031:(disputed) 2741:References 2593:1767-05-13 2547:1734-12-17 2493:Dom Miguel 2419:real union 2048:Pernambuco 1927:Plano Real 1868:Diretas Já 1712:Vargas Era 1649:Coronelism 1267:Gold cycle 1064:coronation 830:After the 773:Overstruck 752:The title 458:Population 266:Real union 261:Government 245:Portuguese 77:newspapers 6232:Quimbanda 6227:Candomblé 6097:Sculpture 6072:Mythology 6022:Animation 5964:Languages 5944:Education 5885:Transport 5746:Judiciary 5709:Elections 5658:Time Zone 5633:Mountains 5596:Coastline 5562:Geography 5387:(Bolivia) 5368:1809–1817 5361:(Uruguay) 5355:1808–1822 5332:1772–1775 5322:1772–1775 5312:1751–1772 5291:1680–1777 5281:1621–1751 5258:1536–1620 5170:1500–1822 4986:(Hengqin) 4901:1642–1975 4880:1580–1586 4870:1557–1999 4864:Larantuka 4860:1515–1859 4850:1512–1665 4801:1512–1621 4791:1511–1641 4690:1558–1573 4677:1518–1658 4667:1518–1521 4620:Mangalore 4447:(Pulicat) 4365:1659–1661 4302:1498–1545 4237:1624–1648 4187:1621–1622 4144:1588–1648 4134:1550–1551 4093:1521–1602 4063:1515–1650 4043:1515–1648 4030:1515–1622 4020:1507–1643 4007:1506–1615 3917:1885–1974 3907:1879–1974 3886:1753–1975 3879:(Mombasa) 3877:Mombassa 3873:1728–1729 3850:1687–1974 3840:1680–1961 3830:1645–1888 3810:(Mombasa) 3808:Mombassa 3804:1593–1698 3792:1588–1974 3782:1575–1975 3772:1557–1578 3762:1508–1547 3752:1506–1511 3739:1505–1512 3729:1503–1698 3719:1502–1659 3709:1501–1975 3699:1500–1630 3676:1498–1540 3666:1482–1642 3653:1482–1637 3640:1478–1778 3630:1474–1778 3618:1471–1975 3606:1470–1975 3596:1462–1975 3586:1455–1633 3519:1577–1589 3506:1515–1541 3493:1513–1541 3480:1506–1769 3467:1506–1525 3454:1506–1525 3441:1505–1541 3405:1488–1541 3382:1485–1550 3372:1471–1662 3359:1471–1550 3346:1458–1550 3336:1415–1640 3194:Miguelism 2758:arqnet.pt 2523:Reign end 2328:entering 2233:Conflicts 2203:Socialism 2158:Etymology 2128:Animation 2123:Anarchism 2098:Tocantins 2088:São Paulo 1483:Cabanagem 714:in 1808. 615:with the 250:Religion 149:1815–1825 107:June 2017 6274:Category 6212:Hinduism 6161:Maronite 6140:Buddhism 6122:Religion 6087:Painting 6037:Carnaval 5919:Abortion 5865:Taxation 5837:Industry 5761:Military 5687:Politics 5668:Wildlife 5638:Pantanal 5507:Timeline 5491:articles 5285:Maranhão 5262:Barbados 5107:Labrador 4884:Nagasaki 4854:Makassar 4717:Mylapore 4694:Maldives 4671:Maldives 4540:(Mumbai) 4482:Mylapore 4352:(Kannur) 4102:Muharraq 3962:Part of 3955:Part of 3945:Or 1600. 3938:Part of 3733:Zanzibar 3623:Príncipe 3611:São Tomé 3525:(Asilah) 3512:(Mehdya) 3484:Mazagan 3458:Mogador 3447:(Agadir) 3422:Graciosa 3386:Mazagan 3365:(Asilah) 2692:(2007). 2631:See also 2614:Braganza 2568:Braganza 2517:Lifespan 2370:de facto 2330:Salvador 2228:Timeline 2221:Research 2183:Military 2163:Football 2073:Rondônia 2013:Maranhão 1983:Amazonas 1932:Mensalão 1917:Mercosul 1493:Balaiada 1132:Kuhikugu 1079:a series 1077:Part of 719:Napoleon 637:de facto 619:and the 482:Currency 6299:43°14′W 6296:22°54′S 6258:Outline 6237:Umbanda 6217:Judaism 6168:Melkite 6052:Cuisine 6014:Culture 5999:Welfare 5907:Society 5875:Tourism 5832:Exports 5790:Economy 5648:Regions 5623:Islands 5618:Geology 5584:Climate 5499:History 5374:(Amapá) 5055:Madeira 4941:Coloane 4818:Ternate 4561:Baçaím 4551:Ponnani 4538:Bombay 4430:Calicut 4339:(Kochi) 4337:Cochim 4247:1624?–? 4211:Libedia 4177:1621?–? 4097:Bahrain 4073:1515?–? 4047:Quriyat 4036:(Ormus) 4034:Hormuz 3756:Socotra 3745:(Kilwa) 3743:Quíloa 3703:Malindi 3657:Elmina 3646:(Bioko) 3634:Annobón 3523:Arzila 3497:Azamor 3399:Ouadane 3376:Tangier 3363:Arzila 2585:John VI 2539:Maria I 2374:de jure 2153:Ethanol 2148:Economy 2093:Sergipe 2078:Roraima 2038:Paraíba 1973:Alagoas 1208:Slavery 1034:Pedro I 742:Algarve 727:kingdom 710:to the 700:John VI 685:History 647:de jure 609:kingdom 441:• 428:• 415:• 402:• 389:• 376:History 310:John VI 298:Maria I 279:Monarch 228:Capital 189:Anthem: 91:scholar 6279:Portal 6135:Baháʼí 6107:Sports 6047:Comics 6042:Cinema 5974:People 5949:Health 5842:Mining 5827:Energy 5653:Rivers 5489: 5487:Brazil 5395: 5252:Brazil 5249: 5239:Brazil 5236: 5223: 5210: 5200:Brazil 5197: 5184: 5174:Brazil 5126: 5069:Azores 4994: 4844:Tidore 4841: 4828: 4815: 4805:Maluku 4747: 4632: 4470: 4422: 4371:Quilon 4363: 4258: 4227:1624–? 4217:1624–? 4207:1623–? 4201:Khasab 4197:1623–? 4181:As Sib 4167:1620–? 4148:Matrah 4106:Manama 4067:Muscat 4057:Qalhat 4053:1515–? 4011:Gamru 3928: 3855:Bissau 3797:Cacheu 3590:Arguim 3533: 3411:(Safi) 3409:Safim 2672:Empire 2529:Family 2442:Amélie 2193:Postal 2111:Topics 2043:Paraná 1106:, 1519 1081:on the 994:Cortes 964:Cortes 957:Cortes 941:Cortes 926:Cortes 874:Cortes 865:Cortes 599:was a 379: 325: 321:Regent 283: 236:Lisbon 191: 93: 86: 79: 72: 64: 6265:Index 6207:Islam 6067:Music 6004:Youth 5934:Crime 5847:Real 5213:Bahia 4951:Taipa 4874:Macau 4831:Ambon 4644:Hugli 4587:Surat 4518:Chalé 4508:Chaul 4458:Chaul 4231:Madha 4221:Kalba 4191:Qeshm 4138:Qatif 4118:Qatif 4077:Barka 4024:Sohar 3776:Accra 3471:Aguz 3340:Ceuta 3040:Royal 2667:Realm 2532:Image 2526:Notes 2053:Piauí 2008:Goiás 1993:Ceará 1988:Bahia 1978:Amapá 1615:] 1324:] 1198:] 1127:Luzia 775:over 98:JSTOR 84:books 6032:Arts 5734:LGBT 5381:1822 5063:1432 5049:1420 4424:1750 3418:1489 2514:Name 2372:and 2324:The 2173:LGBT 2133:Book 2033:Pará 1968:Acre 962:The 946:fiat 934:fiat 919:: a 884:The 871:The 863:The 708:fled 595:The 486:Real 70:news 6195:LDS 5751:Law 4412:Goa 53:by 6328:: 2792:. 2774:. 2756:. 1613:pt 1322:pt 1196:pt 1102:, 1054:. 936:. 744:. 733:. 654:. 498:PT 5479:e 5472:t 5465:v 4913:) 4909:( 4108:) 4100:( 3293:e 3286:t 3279:v 2843:e 2836:t 2829:v 2796:. 2778:. 2760:. 2595:) 2591:( 2549:) 2545:( 2282:e 2275:t 2268:v 2169:) 2165:( 779:. 120:) 114:( 109:) 105:( 95:· 88:· 81:· 74:· 47:. 20:)

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