87:
in
Landeck and Garcia Garriga's papers matched those in a package anonymously delivered to a local natural history museum; and that two bones matched specific pieces that were reported stolen from the site in 2009 and 2012. Based on a reanalysis of the material in the anonymous package and the details provided in their papers, they also argued that Landeck and Garcia Garriga had misidentified both the stone tools and the butchery marks. They concluded that there was no evidence of a hominin presence at Untermassfeld.
86:
and Ralf-Dietrich Kahlke, the director of the
Untermassfeld excavations. The authors reported that they were unable to locate the collections Landeck and Garcia Garriga claim to have based their analysis on, even after contacting them. They alleged that the description of some of the bones discussed
495:
Baales, Michael (2014-07-09). "Untermassfeld – Or the struggle for finding the earliest traces of human occupation in
Central Europe: A comment on: "Hominin dispersals from the Jaramillo subchron in central and south-western Europe: Untermassfeld (Germany) and VallparadĂs (Spain)" by J. Garcia et
90:
Garcia
Garriga has "strenuously denied" the allegations, stating that he had no connection to the material and had only helped write up Landeck's analysis. Landeck claimed that the material was shown to him by two unnamed private collectors who had found it during "rescue activities" near—but not
66:
and butchery marks on bones. If verified, this would be the earliest known occupation of northern Europe by humans, as previous evidence had indicated that Europe was only sporadically occupied, at southerly latitudes, before 500,000 BP. However, these findings have sparked a major controversy.
263:
Garcia, Joan; Landeck, GĂĽnter; MartĂnez, Kenneth; Carbonell, Eudald (2013-12-06). "Hominin dispersals from the
Jaramillo subchron in central and south-western Europe: Untermassfeld (Germany) and VallparadĂs (Spain)".
531:
Roebroeks, Wil; Gaudzinski-Windheuser, Sabine; Baales, Michael; Kahlke, Ralf-Dietrich (2017-10-31). "Uneven Data
Quality and the Earliest Occupation of Europe: The Case of Untermassfeld (Germany)".
114:
Untermassfeld: A late Early
Pleistocene (Epivillafranchian) fossil site near Meiningen (Thuringia, Germany) and its position in the development of the European mammal fauna
403:
Dennell, Robin (2003-12-01). "Dispersal and colonisation, long and short chronologies: how continuous is the Early
Pleistocene record for hominids outside East Africa?".
299:
Landeck, GĂĽnter; Garcia
Garriga, Joan (2016-05-01). "The oldest hominin butchery in European mid-latitudes at the Jaramillo site of Untermassfeld (Thuringia, Germany)".
71:
of the material, since neither
Landeck nor Garcia Garriga had any connection to the Untermassfeld project and had never worked on the excavations at the site.
201:
368:
Landeck, GĂĽnter; Garcia Garriga, Joan (2017-04-29). "New taphonomic data of the 1 Myr hominin butchery at Untermassfeld (Thuringia, Germany)".
239:
121:
58:
In a series of papers published between 2013 and 2017, GĂĽnter Landeck and Joan Garcia Garriga claimed to have found evidence of a
609:
350:
342:
624:
619:
614:
79:
95:
that they had "nothing to do with a stolen bone" and were writing a detailed response to the allegations.
327:
532:
505:
451:
377:
273:
157:
552:
Roebroeks, Wil; Gaudzinski-Windheuser, Sabine; Baales, Michael; Kahlke, Ralf-Dietrich (2017-12-27).
500:. Environmental and Cultural Dynamics in Western and Central Europe during the Upper Pleistocene.
477:
554:"Uneven Data Quality and the Earliest Occupation of Europe—the Case of Untermassfeld (Germany)"
585:
469:
420:
316:
209:
175:
117:
40:
36:
575:
565:
513:
459:
412:
385:
331:
308:
281:
165:
43:
50:(BP). Claims that hominins were also present at the site have sparked a major controversy.
509:
455:
381:
277:
161:
47:
603:
240:"Allegations about stolen bones raise doubts about history of early humans in Europe"
83:
481:
31:, Germany. Excavated continuously since its discovery in 1978, it has produced many
517:
416:
389:
335:
312:
285:
24:
570:
553:
170:
145:
68:
63:
589:
473:
213:
268:. Middle to Upper Palaeolithic biological and cultural shift in Eurasia II.
28:
424:
320:
179:
116:. BAR International Series 1578. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports.
75:
59:
202:"Stones, bones and skulduggery: war over 'stolen' early human artefacts"
339:. If this is an intentional citation to a such a paper, please replace
580:
464:
439:
32:
537:
146:"Archaeologists say human-evolution study used stolen bone"
496:
al., Quaternary International 316 (2013), pp. 73–93".
78:
of a paper authored by several palaeontologists and
74:Further doubts were raised in October 2017, in the
440:"The human colonisation of Europe: where are we?"
8:
67:Questions were immediately asked about the
16:Palaeontological site in Thuringia, Germany
353:|...|intentional=yes}}
579:
569:
536:
463:
169:
46:, approximately 1.2 – 0.9 million years
104:
91:in—the Untermassfeld site. Both told
7:
233:
231:
229:
195:
193:
191:
189:
139:
137:
135:
133:
62:presence at the site in the form of
558:Journal of Paleolithic Archaeology
14:
238:Bartels, Meghan (2017-11-13).
112:Kahlke, Ralf-Dietrich (2006).
1:
444:Journal of Quaternary Science
438:Roebroeks, Wil (2006-07-01).
326:(This paper currently has an
144:Callaway, Ewen (2017-11-16).
518:10.1016/j.quaint.2014.05.021
417:10.1016/j.jhevol.2003.09.006
390:10.1016/j.quaint.2016.11.016
336:10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.11.001
313:10.1016/j.jhevol.2016.02.002
286:10.1016/j.quaint.2013.03.005
200:Moody, Oliver (2017-11-15).
80:Palaeolithic archaeologists
641:
405:Journal of Human Evolution
301:Journal of Human Evolution
571:10.1007/s41982-017-0003-5
504:(Supplement C): 254–256.
171:10.1038/nature.2017.22984
21:Untermassfeld fossil site
498:Quaternary International
370:Quaternary International
266:Quaternary International
307:(Supplement C): 53–71.
272:(Supplement C): 73–93.
610:Paleontological sites
351:expression of concern
345:|...}}
343:expression of concern
328:expression of concern
25:palaeontological site
510:2014QuInt.337..254B
456:2006JQS....21..425R
382:2017QuInt.436..138L
376:(Part A): 138–161.
278:2013QuInt.316...73G
162:2017Natur.551..279C
54:Hominin controversy
35:dating to the late
625:Paleolithic Europe
620:Pleistocene Europe
615:2017 controversies
156:(7680): 279–280.
123:978-1-84171-792-0
41:Epivillafranchian
37:Early Pleistocene
632:
594:
593:
583:
573:
549:
543:
542:
540:
528:
522:
521:
492:
486:
485:
467:
465:10.1002/jqs.1044
435:
429:
428:
400:
394:
393:
365:
359:
358:
356:
354:
346:
324:
296:
290:
289:
260:
254:
253:
251:
250:
235:
224:
223:
221:
220:
197:
184:
183:
173:
141:
128:
127:
109:
640:
639:
635:
634:
633:
631:
630:
629:
600:
599:
598:
597:
551:
550:
546:
530:
529:
525:
494:
493:
489:
437:
436:
432:
402:
401:
397:
367:
366:
362:
348:
340:
338:
325:
298:
297:
293:
262:
261:
257:
248:
246:
237:
236:
227:
218:
216:
199:
198:
187:
143:
142:
131:
124:
111:
110:
106:
101:
56:
44:geologic period
17:
12:
11:
5:
638:
636:
628:
627:
622:
617:
612:
602:
601:
596:
595:
544:
538:10.1101/211268
523:
487:
450:(5): 425–435.
430:
411:(6): 421–440.
395:
360:
291:
255:
225:
185:
129:
122:
103:
102:
100:
97:
55:
52:
48:before present
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
637:
626:
623:
621:
618:
616:
613:
611:
608:
607:
605:
591:
587:
582:
577:
572:
567:
563:
559:
555:
548:
545:
539:
534:
527:
524:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
491:
488:
483:
479:
475:
471:
466:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
434:
431:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
399:
396:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
364:
361:
352:
344:
337:
333:
329:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
295:
292:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
259:
256:
245:
241:
234:
232:
230:
226:
215:
211:
207:
203:
196:
194:
192:
190:
186:
181:
177:
172:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
140:
138:
136:
134:
130:
125:
119:
115:
108:
105:
98:
96:
94:
88:
85:
84:Wil Roebroeks
81:
77:
72:
70:
65:
61:
53:
51:
49:
45:
42:
38:
34:
30:
26:
22:
561:
557:
547:
526:
501:
497:
490:
447:
443:
433:
408:
404:
398:
373:
369:
363:
349:{{
341:{{
304:
300:
294:
269:
265:
258:
247:. Retrieved
243:
217:. Retrieved
205:
153:
149:
113:
107:
92:
89:
82:, including
73:
57:
20:
18:
330:, see
64:stone tools
604:Categories
581:1887/76320
249:2017-11-24
219:2017-11-24
99:References
69:provenance
590:2520-8217
474:1099-1417
214:0140-0460
206:The Times
29:Thuringia
564:: 5–31.
482:84645651
425:14643672
321:27178458
244:Newsweek
180:29144486
76:preprint
533:bioRxiv
506:Bibcode
452:Bibcode
378:Bibcode
274:Bibcode
158:Bibcode
60:hominin
33:fossils
588:
535:
480:
472:
423:
319:
212:
178:
150:Nature
120:
93:Nature
478:S2CID
347:with
23:is a
586:ISSN
470:ISSN
421:PMID
317:PMID
210:ISSN
176:PMID
118:ISBN
19:The
576:hdl
566:doi
514:doi
502:337
460:doi
413:doi
386:doi
374:436
332:doi
309:doi
282:doi
270:316
166:doi
154:551
39:or
27:in
606::
584:.
574:.
560:.
556:.
512:.
476:.
468:.
458:.
448:21
446:.
442:.
419:.
409:45
407:.
384:.
372:.
315:.
305:94
303:.
280:.
242:.
228:^
208:.
204:.
188:^
174:.
164:.
152:.
148:.
132:^
592:.
578::
568::
562:1
541:.
520:.
516::
508::
484:.
462::
454::
427:.
415::
392:.
388::
380::
357:)
355:.
334::
323:.
311::
288:.
284::
276::
252:.
222:.
182:.
168::
160::
126:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.