148:
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81:
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Franklin, Claiborne Key, Austin Key, Jno
Anderson Key, Henry Major, Ellston Major, Ellwood Major, Lee Franklin Major, Coley Major, Mary Major, Parkey Major, John Major, Park Farley Toopence, Elizabeth Toopence, Robert Toopence, Emeline Toopence, Laura Toopence, Mary Catherine Toopence, James C. Toopence, and Lucy J. Toopence. The list was signed by Hardin Littlepage and William J. Trimmer, trustees for the tribe. Present-day tribal members trace their descendancy from individuals on that list.
949:
332:. With the cessation of hostilities, the tribe gradually returned to its homeland. In 1646, at the conclusion of the Anglo-Powhatan War, the Powhatan tribes signed their first treaty with the English. By treaty, the English defined the tribes as tributaries; they allocated reservations lands for several of the tribes, in exchange for requiring an annual tribute payment of fish and game.
394:, upon his death in 1656. He was killed while fighting on the side of the English. The treaty ushered in a time of peace between the Virginia tribes and the English. More tribal leaders signed the treaty of 1677 than that of nearly 30 years before. It reconfirmed the annual tribute payments and added the
506:
The tribe has a traditional government, the
Mattaponi Tribal Council, which controls the affairs of the reservation. It holds the land in common but assigns plots for members' use, settles internal disputes, maintains tribal property, and protects the interests of the Mattaponi Tribe in relationships
470:
The
Mattaponi repeatedly defended the tribe and their land against efforts by local officials and individuals to dispose of their property and deny their existence as a tribe. In 1812, the local government tried to take an acre of land from the Mattaponi for a dam, but they defeated the attempt. In
528:
banned interracial marriage in the state of
Virginia. The subsequent legislation required racial identification on birth certificates and marriage certificates and, in an effort at suppression of African Americans, many Upper Mattaponi were reclassified as black in official records because of being
519:
The Upper
Mattaponi Tribe were a band settled on the upper reaches of the Mattaponi River. They did not belong to the reservation, and were organized around a lead family of Adams. Their founder was likely James Adams, who acted as an interpreter between the Mattaponi and English from 1702 to 1727.
489:
As the last two tribes to function as part of the
Powhatan Chiefdom, the Pamunkey and Mattaponi Tribes were treated by the Commonwealth of Virginia as a single administrative entity until 1894. That year the Mattaponi formally separated from the Pamunkey-led Powhatan Chiefdom. The Commonwealth's
485:
Throughout the 19th century, the
Mattaponi Tribe had its own tribal leadership. In 1868, the Mattaponi Tribe submitted a list of its chiefs, headmen and members to the Governor. The list identified the chief as Ellston Major, headmen as Austin Key and Robert Toopence, and tribal members as Nancy
502:
During the 20th century, the
Mattaponi Tribe and its reservation have been repeatedly acknowledged by the Commonwealth's Governors and Attorneys General. The Mattaponi Tribe has also been repeatedly identified in scholarly publications and newspaper articles.
375:), an increasingly restricted English market, and rising prices from English manufactured goods (mercantilism). Continued tensions and raids by other local Virginia tribes gave Bacon and his followers a scapegoat in which to take out their frustrations.
520:
The settlement in the 19th century was recorded as
Adamstown. The Upper Mattaponi tribe did not have separate recognition until 1921. However, the members of this tribes are descendants of a group of Indians who lived near Passaunkack during the 1700s.
523:
In 1921 the group organized as the Upper
Mattaponi Tribe, and have been recognized by the state of Virginia. During the 1920s after being officially recognized, the tribe found it difficult to maintain their culture and identity. The state
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of successive cultures have been living in the area now called Virginia for as long as 15,000 years. The historic tribes are believed to have formed in the 14th and 15th centuries. The numerous tribes belonged to three language groups:
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1843, the so-called "Gregory Petition" alleged that the Pamunkey and Mattaponi were no longer Indians. This effort to remove the Mattaponi and Pamunkey from their lands was also defeated. At about the same time, the
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The Mattaponi, like the Pamunkey Tribe, were declared exempt from certain local and county taxes. For its part, the Mattaponi Tribe adopted bylaws for its governance and established a school on its reservation.
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tribes as Tributary Indians of the colonial government. The government established more reservation lands for the tribes, but required them in turn to acknowledge they and their peoples were subjects of the
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in 1781 also noted that settlers encroached on Indian land. Throughout their history, the Mattaponi had their own tribal government independent from the Powhatan leadership. The tribe was part of that
937:
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540:, with whom they were long linked by colonial and state governments. The school was replaced with an eight-room structure in 1952. It closed in the 1960s with the end of official state
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The Mattaponi and Pamunkey tribes have continued to provide the state, the successor to the colony, with the annual tribute payment stipulated by the treaties of 1646 and 1677.
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The Mattaponi continued to occupy their reservation throughout the 17th and 18th centuries. Colonists encroached on tribal land during that time period, as recorded by a
529:
of mixed race. At the time there was disregard for how people identified culturally. As a result, their continuity as a people was disrupted by records being inaccurate.
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rivers. Settlers got caught up in the warfare, which kept the tribes in a state of high alert. The warfare prevented peaceful colonial settlement in the backcountry.
930:
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called Adamstown, located on the upper reaches of the Mattaponi River. This has been identified as Indian land in records dating to the 17th century. In 1921, this
976:
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of Adamstown organized as an official group. They have been recognized as a tribe by the Commonwealth of Virginia and own 32 acres (130,000 m) of land in
276:
Indians, who are also federally recognized. The Mattaponi and Pamunkey have an identical cultural foundation, and come from the same historic political body.
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390:) signed the treaty on behalf of several tribes, including the Mattaponi. Known as "Queen of the Pamunkey" by the English, she had succeeded her husband,
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in public schools. The state returned the school to the tribe's jurisdiction and use in 1987. They now use it as a community center.
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and the justices of Old Rappahannock County. Tribal members were to be treated equally as Englishmen in court and civil rights.
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generally in the backcountry and to the north. The language groups were the basis of shared cultures and identification.
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In 1942 the Upper Mattaponi built the Indian View Baptist Church, the heart of their faith community. Next door is the
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that owns reservation land, which it has held since the colonial era. The larger Mattaponi Indian Tribe lives in
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of 1644–1646, the Mattaponi fled their homeland along the Mattaponi River and took refuge in the highlands along
770:
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reported two Indian groups living in King William County, the Pamunkey and the Mattaponi. In 1865, the Pamunkey
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In January 2022, the Upper Mattaponi Tribe purchased its first official unit of tribal housing, located in
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and southern tribes. The Iroquois had frequently been invading Virginia, including the portion along the
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536:. The original one-room school was built in 1917. Before then Mattaponi children were educated with the
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426:. It was an attempt by colonial governments of New York and Virginia to end the wars between the
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In addition, a Mattaponi band had long been settled outside the reservation at an unincorporated
604:, Virginia Council on Indians, Commonwealth of Virginia, updated Aug 2009, accessed 16 Sep 2009
363:, though there were other causes of the rebellion. Some of these other causes were: declining
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355:, the Mattaponi were one of several innocent tribes attacked by colonial militia directed by
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101:
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459:
404:
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139:
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general assembly responded in 1894 by appointing five trustees to the Mattaponi Tribe.
372:
285:
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227:
61:
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1510:
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265:. Federal status was granted to the Upper Mattaponi Tribe through the passage of the
86:
17:
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with local, state, and federal governments. It maintains its obligations under the
336:
122:
118:
1222:
1098:
1078:
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383:
585:, ed. William C. Sturtevant. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution, pg. 268
269:
Indian Tribes of Virginia Federal Recognition Act of 2017 on January 12, 2018.
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1113:
1108:
1058:
1053:
655:
Pocahontas, Powhatan, Opechancanough: Three Indian Lives Changed by Jamestown.
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estimated their warriors at 140, meaning the tribe likely numbered about 450.
886:
Info from VA House of Representatives, 106th CONGRESS, 2d Session, H. R. 5073
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by giving annual tribute to the Governor of the Commonwealth of Virginia.
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In 1607, the Mattaponi were identified by name by the English explorers
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595:"A Guide to Writing about Virginia Indians and Virginia Indian History"
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447:
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243:
702:"Bill passes to give 6 Va. Native American tribes federal recognition"
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1123:
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359:. Historians believe Bacon had a personal rivalry with Governor Sir
298:
673:
We're Still Here: Contemporary Virginia Indians Tell Their Stories.
623:, Charlottesville, VA: Virginia Foundation for the Humanities, 2007
407:(there is no record of what the tribes thought of that assertion).
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Church was formed, which many Mattaponi attended over the years.
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prices (economic problems), growing commercial competition (from
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919:
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of the Mattaponi Tribe signed peace treaties with the Court of
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who worked with the Tribe in the 18th century. Then-Governor
910:
317:, who noted that they were living along the Mattaponi River.
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of the Powhatan numbered more than 30 tribes by the time the
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on the reservation, which stretches along the borders of the
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195:
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864:"The Library of Virginia – Virginia Women in History 2010"
671:
Waugaman, Sandra F. and Danielle-Moretti-Langholtz, Ph.D.
174:
747:, Colonial National Historical Park-Historic Jamestowne.
644:
Charlottesville: The University Press of Virginia, 1992.
759:, Colonial National Historical Park-Historic Jamestowne
675:
Richmond, VA: Palari Publishing, 2006 (revised edition)
577:
Feest, Christian F. (1978). "Virginia Algonquians." In
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for 2010, was a member of the Upper Mattaponi Tribe.
192:
168:
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Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2005.
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In 1685, the Mattaponi, along with the Pamunkey and
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The Mattaponi Indians are classified as a branch of
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840:"Building tribal housing: why is it so difficult?"
226:The Mattaponi were one of six tribes inherited by
1537:Federally recognized tribes in the United States
1262:Map of Virginia highlighting King William County
771:"George F. "Thunder Cloud" Custalow (1865–1949)"
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230:in the late 16th century. The tribe spoke an
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8:
724:"Mattaponi Tribe History - Access Genealogy"
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642:First People: The Early Indians of Virginia.
151:Location of the Mattaponi Indian Reservation
37:
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1176:
938:
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36:
1527:American Indian reservations in Virginia
687:Kimberlain, Joanne. "We're Still Here",
422:tribes, attended a treaty conference at
745:Cotton, Lee. "Powhatan Indian Lifeways"
570:
301:in the central area and Piedmont, and
297:along the coast and in the Tidewater,
7:
640:Egloff, Keith and Deborah Woodward.
234:language, like other members of the
73:Regions with significant populations
1033:Patawomeck Indian Tribe of Virginia
1018:Cheroenhaka (Nottoway) Indian Tribe
581:, ed. Bruce G. Trigger. Vol. 15 of
509:Treaty of Middle Plantation of 1677
1532:Native American tribes in Virginia
1206:Municipalities and communities of
897:Mattaponi Indian Tribe Information
621:The Virginia Indian Heritage Trail
583:Handbook of North American Indians
25:
1028:Nottoway Indian Tribe of Virginia
911:Official Mattaponi Tribal Website
947:
838:Mercury, Virginia (2022-02-07).
779:Dictionary of Virginia Biography
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79:
769:Ferguson Watkinson, Patricia.
1:
1209:King William County, Virginia
802:Upper Mattaponi Tribe Website
378:Once the conflict ended, the
1469:Mattaponi Indian Reservation
526:Racial Integrity Act of 1924
382:was signed on May 29, 1677.
1474:Pamunkey Indian Reservation
380:Treaty of Middle Plantation
335:In 1656–1657, the King and
203:) tribe is one of only two
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29:Mattapony (disambiguation)
26:
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559:Virginia Women in History
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134:
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100:
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47:
549:Central Garage, Virginia
209:Commonwealth of Virginia
1023:Mattaponi Indian Nation
818:"Upper Mattaponi Tribe"
498:20th century to present
442:17th and 18th centuries
1263:
954:Native American tribes
804:, accessed 14 Apr 2010
152:
1261:
906:Encyclopedia Virginia
775:Encyclopedia Virginia
515:Upper Mattaponi Tribe
259:Upper Mattaponi Tribe
150:
130:Related ethnic groups
18:Upper Mattaponi Tribe
1542:Powhatan Confederacy
1522:Algonquian ethnonyms
1495:United States portal
977:Chickahominy–Eastern
965:Federally recognized
844:Indian Country Today
619:Wood, Karenne, ed.,
534:Sharon Indian School
246:arrived and settled
221:West Point, Virginia
27:For other uses, see
757:"Bacon's Rebellion"
689:The Virginian-Pilot
653:Rountree, Helen C.
557:, named one of the
555:Mollie Holmes Adams
386:(weroansqua of the
341:Rappahannock County
267:Thomasina E. Jordan
213:King William County
106:Virginia Algonquian
52:King William County
39:
1264:
726:. 10 December 2013
628:2009-07-04 at the
600:2012-02-24 at the
542:racial segregation
460:paramount chiefdom
326:Anglo-Powhatan War
324:During the second
290:indigenous peoples
153:
48:Enrolled members:
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1173:
1172:
1136:(now in Oklahoma)
704:. 12 January 2018
414:Late 17th century
353:Bacon's Rebellion
347:Bacon's Rebellion
238:. The paramount
236:Powhatan Chiefdom
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60:Upper Mattaponi,
16:(Redirected from
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35:
32:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1555:
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1346:
1341:
1336:
1331:
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1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1300:
1298:
1294:Unincorporated
1290:
1289:
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1286:
1281:
1279:Central Garage
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1273:
1267:
1266:
1256:
1254:
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1243:
1237:
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