137:
1248:
70:
475:
Franklin, Claiborne Key, Austin Key, Jno
Anderson Key, Henry Major, Ellston Major, Ellwood Major, Lee Franklin Major, Coley Major, Mary Major, Parkey Major, John Major, Park Farley Toopence, Elizabeth Toopence, Robert Toopence, Emeline Toopence, Laura Toopence, Mary Catherine Toopence, James C. Toopence, and Lucy J. Toopence. The list was signed by Hardin Littlepage and William J. Trimmer, trustees for the tribe. Present-day tribal members trace their descendancy from individuals on that list.
938:
321:. With the cessation of hostilities, the tribe gradually returned to its homeland. In 1646, at the conclusion of the Anglo-Powhatan War, the Powhatan tribes signed their first treaty with the English. By treaty, the English defined the tribes as tributaries; they allocated reservations lands for several of the tribes, in exchange for requiring an annual tribute payment of fish and game.
383:, upon his death in 1656. He was killed while fighting on the side of the English. The treaty ushered in a time of peace between the Virginia tribes and the English. More tribal leaders signed the treaty of 1677 than that of nearly 30 years before. It reconfirmed the annual tribute payments and added the
495:
The tribe has a traditional government, the
Mattaponi Tribal Council, which controls the affairs of the reservation. It holds the land in common but assigns plots for members' use, settles internal disputes, maintains tribal property, and protects the interests of the Mattaponi Tribe in relationships
459:
The
Mattaponi repeatedly defended the tribe and their land against efforts by local officials and individuals to dispose of their property and deny their existence as a tribe. In 1812, the local government tried to take an acre of land from the Mattaponi for a dam, but they defeated the attempt. In
517:
banned interracial marriage in the state of
Virginia. The subsequent legislation required racial identification on birth certificates and marriage certificates and, in an effort at suppression of African Americans, many Upper Mattaponi were reclassified as black in official records because of being
508:
The Upper
Mattaponi Tribe were a band settled on the upper reaches of the Mattaponi River. They did not belong to the reservation, and were organized around a lead family of Adams. Their founder was likely James Adams, who acted as an interpreter between the Mattaponi and English from 1702 to 1727.
478:
As the last two tribes to function as part of the
Powhatan Chiefdom, the Pamunkey and Mattaponi Tribes were treated by the Commonwealth of Virginia as a single administrative entity until 1894. That year the Mattaponi formally separated from the Pamunkey-led Powhatan Chiefdom. The Commonwealth's
474:
Throughout the 19th century, the
Mattaponi Tribe had its own tribal leadership. In 1868, the Mattaponi Tribe submitted a list of its chiefs, headmen and members to the Governor. The list identified the chief as Ellston Major, headmen as Austin Key and Robert Toopence, and tribal members as Nancy
491:
During the 20th century, the
Mattaponi Tribe and its reservation have been repeatedly acknowledged by the Commonwealth's Governors and Attorneys General. The Mattaponi Tribe has also been repeatedly identified in scholarly publications and newspaper articles.
364:), an increasingly restricted English market, and rising prices from English manufactured goods (mercantilism). Continued tensions and raids by other local Virginia tribes gave Bacon and his followers a scapegoat in which to take out their frustrations.
509:
The settlement in the 19th century was recorded as
Adamstown. The Upper Mattaponi tribe did not have separate recognition until 1921. However, the members of this tribes are descendants of a group of Indians who lived near Passaunkack during the 1700s.
512:
In 1921 the group organized as the Upper
Mattaponi Tribe, and have been recognized by the state of Virginia. During the 1920s after being officially recognized, the tribe found it difficult to maintain their culture and identity. The state
281:
of successive cultures have been living in the area now called Virginia for as long as 15,000 years. The historic tribes are believed to have formed in the 14th and 15th centuries. The numerous tribes belonged to three language groups:
460:
1843, the so-called "Gregory Petition" alleged that the Pamunkey and Mattaponi were no longer Indians. This effort to remove the Mattaponi and Pamunkey from their lands was also defeated. At about the same time, the
482:
The Mattaponi, like the Pamunkey Tribe, were declared exempt from certain local and county taxes. For its part, the Mattaponi Tribe adopted bylaws for its governance and established a school on its reservation.
391:
tribes as Tributary Indians of the colonial government. The government established more reservation lands for the tribes, but required them in turn to acknowledge they and their peoples were subjects of the
446:
in 1781 also noted that settlers encroached on Indian land. Throughout their history, the Mattaponi had their own tribal government independent from the Powhatan leadership. The tribe was part of that
926:
1525:
529:, with whom they were long linked by colonial and state governments. The school was replaced with an eight-room structure in 1952. It closed in the 1960s with the end of official state
1186:
399:
The Mattaponi and Pamunkey tribes have continued to provide the state, the successor to the colony, with the annual tribute payment stipulated by the treaties of 1646 and 1677.
435:
The Mattaponi continued to occupy their reservation throughout the 17th and 18th centuries. Colonists encroached on tribal land during that time period, as recorded by a
518:
of mixed race. At the time there was disregard for how people identified culturally. As a result, their continuity as a people was disrupted by records being inaccurate.
1515:
427:
rivers. Settlers got caught up in the warfare, which kept the tribes in a state of high alert. The warfare prevented peaceful colonial settlement in the backcountry.
919:
246:
called Adamstown, located on the upper reaches of the Mattaponi River. This has been identified as Indian land in records dating to the 17th century. In 1921, this
965:
250:
of Adamstown organized as an official group. They have been recognized as a tribe by the Commonwealth of Virginia and own 32 acres (130,000 m) of land in
265:
Indians, who are also federally recognized. The Mattaponi and Pamunkey have an identical cultural foundation, and come from the same historic political body.
1520:
1179:
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379:) signed the treaty on behalf of several tribes, including the Mattaponi. Known as "Queen of the Pamunkey" by the English, she had succeeded her husband,
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1006:
942:
193:
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in public schools. The state returned the school to the tribe's jurisdiction and use in 1987. They now use it as a community center.
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690:
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and the justices of Old Rappahannock County. Tribal members were to be treated equally as Englishmen in court and civil rights.
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generally in the backcountry and to the north. The language groups were the basis of shared cultures and identification.
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In 1942 the Upper Mattaponi built the Indian View Baptist Church, the heart of their faith community. Next door is the
1462:
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349:
345:
17:
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that owns reservation land, which it has held since the colonial era. The larger Mattaponi Indian Tribe lives in
547:
317:
of 1644–1646, the Mattaponi fled their homeland along the Mattaponi River and took refuge in the highlands along
759:
467:
reported two Indian groups living in King William County, the Pamunkey and the Mattaponi. In 1865, the Pamunkey
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In January 2022, the Upper Mattaponi Tribe purchased its first official unit of tribal housing, located in
1332:
1317:
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1218:
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and southern tribes. The Iroquois had frequently been invading Virginia, including the portion along the
607:
1297:
990:
970:
894:
806:
763:
525:. The original one-room school was built in 1917. Before then Mattaponi children were educated with the
303:
733:
1482:
1407:
1367:
1347:
1327:
1237:
522:
341:
283:
220:
209:
852:
712:
1437:
1412:
1397:
1392:
1372:
1357:
1307:
1282:
1133:
985:
960:
543:
408:
329:
236:
201:
40:
415:. It was an attempt by colonial governments of New York and Virginia to end the wars between the
1505:
1447:
530:
314:
278:
242:
In addition, a Mattaponi band had long been settled outside the reservation at an unincorporated
593:, Virginia Council on Indians, Commonwealth of Virginia, updated Aug 2009, accessed 16 Sep 2009
352:, though there were other causes of the rebellion. Some of these other causes were: declining
1402:
1377:
1342:
1337:
1057:
1052:
828:
745:
224:
94:
344:, the Mattaponi were one of several innocent tribes attacked by colonial militia directed by
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1312:
1292:
443:
420:
412:
318:
307:
255:
154:
90:
1362:
1352:
1322:
1302:
1229:
1143:
1092:
618:
590:
448:
393:
205:
128:
1037:
583:
497:
479:
general assembly responded in 1894 by appointing five trustees to the Mattaponi Tribe.
361:
274:
251:
243:
216:
50:
890:
1499:
1117:
254:. Federal status was granted to the Upper Mattaponi Tribe through the passage of the
75:
496:
with local, state, and federal governments. It maintains its obligations under the
325:
111:
107:
1211:
1087:
1067:
380:
372:
574:, ed. William C. Sturtevant. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution, pg. 268
258:
Indian Tribes of Virginia Federal Recognition Act of 2017 on January 12, 2018.
1148:
1102:
1097:
1047:
1042:
644:
Pocahontas, Powhatan, Opechancanough: Three Indian Lives Changed by Jamestown.
464:
439:
424:
310:
estimated their warriors at 140, meaning the tribe likely numbered about 450.
875:
Info from VA House of Representatives, 106th CONGRESS, 2d Session, H. R. 5073
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388:
291:
500:
by giving annual tribute to the Governor of the Commonwealth of Virginia.
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416:
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In 1607, the Mattaponi were identified by name by the English explorers
1122:
1077:
790:
584:"A Guide to Writing about Virginia Indians and Virginia Indian History"
468:
436:
353:
232:
691:"Bill passes to give 6 Va. Native American tribes federal recognition"
1153:
1128:
1112:
1062:
384:
348:. Historians believe Bacon had a personal rivalry with Governor Sir
287:
662:
We're Still Here: Contemporary Virginia Indians Tell Their Stories.
612:, Charlottesville, VA: Virginia Foundation for the Humanities, 2007
396:(there is no record of what the tribes thought of that assertion).
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135:
471:
Church was formed, which many Mattaponi attended over the years.
356:
prices (economic problems), growing commercial competition (from
786:
784:
1168:
908:
328:
of the Mattaponi Tribe signed peace treaties with the Court of
442:
who worked with the Tribe in the 18th century. Then-Governor
899:
306:, who noted that they were living along the Mattaponi River.
231:
of the Powhatan numbered more than 30 tribes by the time the
204:
on the reservation, which stretches along the borders of the
1246:
801:
799:
184:
175:
169:
853:"The Library of Virginia – Virginia Women in History 2010"
660:
Waugaman, Sandra F. and Danielle-Moretti-Langholtz, Ph.D.
163:
736:, Colonial National Historical Park-Historic Jamestowne.
633:
Charlottesville: The University Press of Virginia, 1992.
748:, Colonial National Historical Park-Historic Jamestowne
664:
Richmond, VA: Palari Publishing, 2006 (revised edition)
566:
Feest, Christian F. (1978). "Virginia Algonquians." In
550:
for 2010, was a member of the Upper Mattaponi Tribe.
181:
157:
646:
Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2005.
407:
In 1685, the Mattaponi, along with the Pamunkey and
261:
The Mattaponi Indians are classified as a branch of
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829:"Building tribal housing: why is it so difficult?"
215:The Mattaponi were one of six tribes inherited by
1526:Federally recognized tribes in the United States
1251:Map of Virginia highlighting King William County
760:"George F. "Thunder Cloud" Custalow (1865–1949)"
656:
654:
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603:
601:
599:
219:in the late 16th century. The tribe spoke an
1180:
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8:
713:"Mattaponi Tribe History - Access Genealogy"
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631:First People: The Early Indians of Virginia.
140:Location of the Mattaponi Indian Reservation
26:
1187:
1173:
1165:
927:
913:
905:
25:
1516:American Indian reservations in Virginia
676:Kimberlain, Joanne. "We're Still Here",
411:tribes, attended a treaty conference at
734:Cotton, Lee. "Powhatan Indian Lifeways"
559:
290:in the central area and Piedmont, and
286:along the coast and in the Tidewater,
7:
629:Egloff, Keith and Deborah Woodward.
223:language, like other members of the
62:Regions with significant populations
1022:Patawomeck Indian Tribe of Virginia
1007:Cheroenhaka (Nottoway) Indian Tribe
570:, ed. Bruce G. Trigger. Vol. 15 of
498:Treaty of Middle Plantation of 1677
1521:Native American tribes in Virginia
1195:Municipalities and communities of
886:Mattaponi Indian Tribe Information
610:The Virginia Indian Heritage Trail
572:Handbook of North American Indians
14:
1017:Nottoway Indian Tribe of Virginia
900:Official Mattaponi Tribal Website
936:
827:Mercury, Virginia (2022-02-07).
768:Dictionary of Virginia Biography
153:
68:
758:Ferguson Watkinson, Patricia.
1:
1198:King William County, Virginia
791:Upper Mattaponi Tribe Website
367:Once the conflict ended, the
1458:Mattaponi Indian Reservation
515:Racial Integrity Act of 1924
371:was signed on May 29, 1677.
1463:Pamunkey Indian Reservation
369:Treaty of Middle Plantation
324:In 1656–1657, the King and
192:) tribe is one of only two
1547:
18:Mattapony (disambiguation)
15:
1471:
1244:
1209:
548:Virginia Women in History
335:
123:
106:
89:
66:
36:
538:Central Garage, Virginia
198:Commonwealth of Virginia
1012:Mattaponi Indian Nation
807:"Upper Mattaponi Tribe"
487:20th century to present
431:17th and 18th centuries
1252:
943:Native American tribes
793:, accessed 14 Apr 2010
141:
1250:
895:Encyclopedia Virginia
764:Encyclopedia Virginia
504:Upper Mattaponi Tribe
248:Upper Mattaponi Tribe
139:
119:Related ethnic groups
1531:Powhatan Confederacy
1511:Algonquian ethnonyms
1484:United States portal
966:Chickahominy–Eastern
954:Federally recognized
833:Indian Country Today
608:Wood, Karenne, ed.,
523:Sharon Indian School
235:arrived and settled
210:West Point, Virginia
16:For other uses, see
746:"Bacon's Rebellion"
678:The Virginian-Pilot
642:Rountree, Helen C.
546:, named one of the
544:Mollie Holmes Adams
375:(weroansqua of the
330:Rappahannock County
256:Thomasina E. Jordan
202:King William County
95:Virginia Algonquian
41:King William County
28:
1253:
715:. 10 December 2013
617:2009-07-04 at the
589:2012-02-24 at the
531:racial segregation
449:paramount chiefdom
315:Anglo-Powhatan War
313:During the second
279:indigenous peoples
142:
37:Enrolled members:
1493:
1492:
1162:
1161:
1125:(now in Oklahoma)
693:. 12 January 2018
403:Late 17th century
342:Bacon's Rebellion
336:Bacon's Rebellion
227:. The paramount
225:Powhatan Chiefdom
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133:
49:Upper Mattaponi,
1538:
1485:
1478:
1249:
1221:
1214:
1204:
1199:
1189:
1182:
1175:
1166:
1000:State-recognized
941:
940:
929:
922:
915:
906:
868:
867:
865:
863:
849:
843:
842:
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308:William Strachey
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32:Total population
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1193:
1163:
1158:
1026:
995:
991:Upper Mattaponi
949:
935:
933:
891:Mattaponi Tribe
882:
872:
871:
861:
859:
851:
850:
846:
837:
835:
826:
825:
821:
811:
809:
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797:
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782:
772:
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757:
756:
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711:
710:
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689:
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628:
624:
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606:
597:
591:Wayback Machine
582:
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556:
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489:
457:
433:
405:
394:King of England
346:Nathaniel Bacon
338:
300:
271:
206:Mattaponi River
194:Virginia Indian
156:
150:
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129:Upper Mattaponi
69:
67:
24:
21:
12:
11:
5:
1544:
1542:
1534:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1498:
1497:
1491:
1490:
1488:
1487:
1480:
1472:
1469:
1468:
1466:
1465:
1460:
1454:
1452:
1444:
1443:
1441:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1289:
1287:
1283:Unincorporated
1279:
1278:
1276:
1275:
1270:
1268:Central Garage
1264:
1262:
1256:
1255:
1245:
1243:
1241:
1240:
1234:
1232:
1226:
1225:
1210:
1207:
1206:
1194:
1192:
1191:
1184:
1177:
1169:
1160:
1159:
1157:
1156:
1151:
1146:
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1136:
1131:
1126:
1120:
1115:
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1105:
1100:
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1075:
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1065:
1060:
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1028:
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1025:
1024:
1019:
1014:
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1003:
1001:
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983:
978:
973:
968:
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957:
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432:
429:
404:
401:
362:North Carolina
337:
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299:
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275:archaeologists
270:
267:
252:Hanover County
217:Chief Powhatan
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714:
708:
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692:
686:
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