275:
1894:
that Asian audiences in
Britain acquired much easier access to BBC service for Asia and to Indian and Pakistani TV channels. From the late 1970s, the Urdu service broadcast a number of ambitious feature programmes which reflected the increasingly global character of the Urdu speaking community. For example, after the oil price hike of 1973, the Gulf exploded as a destination for Pakistanis and Indians, many of them in professional jobs but hundreds of thousands employed as laborers with minimal rights.
1133:
1147:
1893:
The Urdu
Service reflected the life of the Asian community in Britain for the benefit of target audiences in India and Pakistan. In that sense the service acted as a bridge between the diaspora and their home communities. But it was only in the 1990s, with the emergence of satellite communication,
375:
In
Britain, Urdu has been standardised for education, and opportunities to incorporate Urdu as part of teaching exist all the way from primary education to a PhD in Urdu. Urdu books are also widely found in British libraries, where in 1967, Britain's first Urdu library was opened in Nottingham.
614:
As a modern paper, it introduced advertisements for various industries, such as the Urdu magazines and Urdu cinemas. The paper would print rights on the columns to raise awareness. It continued on until the 1970s, when its decline came about due to the rise of the daily Urdu press. The
1442:
1864:
It is aimed at an international Urdu-knowing middle-class rather than a mass audience in one country and to that extent serves a different purpose. But it has given the service a new global profile in an increasing competitive multimedia
1539:
568:, introduced the modern era of Urdu periodicals in Britain. These Urdu papers were distinct in their approach and pattern of ownership and coverage. Urdu papers up until 1965 were all launched by immigrants from
677:
in 1971. The latter is one of the few papers that has published regularly since its inception. Since then, many weekly, fortnightly, and monthly Urdu language periodicals were once published in the UK.
327:
has issued patient information (pamphlets etc.) in Urdu in conjunction with local authorities, which has also led other organisations, institutions and councils to publish public information in Urdu.
591:
published 'overseas editions' that were sent over to
Britain, however, due to issues in logistics, it was unable to satisfy demand and eventually collapsed. In 1961, a weekly by the name of
823:, it was renamed to 'BBC Urdu', and continued until 2022 after which it was discontinued. Many other radio stations in Urdu are broadcast throughout the UK. A rugby match featuring the
1907:
2238:
1098:
to deliver a seal mark celebrating the Queen's Golden
Jubilee. She began learning in 1887, and also began keeping a diary written in Urdu, which she called her '
344:
tradition and inheritance centralises
English as the national lingua and vernacular. Radical opportunities exist, however, for the productive growth of minority
1160:
2522:
2496:
2094:
1242:
970:
439:(Scottish Qualifications Authority) incorporated Urdu as a Higher subject for the first time. In 2022, 90 students partook an Urdu exam at Higher level.
1809:
The work of the BBC World
Service 2008-09 : third report of session 2009-10 : report, together with formal minutes, oral and written evidence
635:
in 1969 to be turned into a daily in '71, however this again did not last as the paper turned into a weekly a year later, before finally disappearing.
2527:
423:
became the first university in the UK to offer an Urdu degree. Around 5,000 students in
England take Urdu as a GCSE subject every year, and as per
458:
274:
2279:
1886:
1849:
1816:
1751:
1381:
324:
2022:
819:
began its radio service back in 1940, when it was known as 'BBC Hindustani', launched to mitigate wartime misinformation. Following the
1923:
1106:
420:
1980:
1726:
1663:
1312:
1218:
436:
2491:
736:
2187:
356:
Urdu society. The history of Urdu in
British Education can be traced to as early as the 1800s when, under one of its old names,
1180:
788:
304:
244:
1211:
Urdu/Hindi : an artificial divide ; African heritage, Mesopotamian roots, Indian culture & British colonialism
1944:
804:
99:
2070:
1490:
496:, when the Urdu press was established by the British government during the 1910s, when publications like Jangi Akhbar (
1165:
1970:
1114:
699:
316:
2476:
2272:
389:
1413:
1091:
1019:
939:
254:
182:
397:
353:
352:, particularly in curriculum-based education, and many Urdu literary societies exist in the UK, such as the
345:
319:, 270,000 people (0.5% of UK residents) listed Urdu as their main language, an increase of 1,000 from 2011.
200:
104:
84:
48:
435:
Urdu became the first non-European language which was recognised at a Higher level, back in 2006, when the
2435:
2216:
903:
461:
341:
89:
1138:
2481:
2451:
2324:
2319:
2265:
765:
694:, which was previously a print newspaper, operates an Urdu-branded website, which began in 2018. The
393:
365:
94:
500:) emerged, shortly after Urdu captions being discontinued from the pictorial newspaper Al-Haqiqah –
2299:
1110:
855:, signs and posters in Urdu are a common sight, and often used to promote businesses and products.
824:
357:
312:
109:
1333:
Marsh, David (2012). "Content and
Language Integrated Learning (CLIL). A Development Trajectory".
388:
began teaching Urdu to British children, which entailed other institutions to follow, such as the
2486:
2398:
2314:
2234:
1609:
1564:
1055:
1037:
1001:
921:
820:
757:
711:
619:
remained as the sole Urdu newspaper in Britain during this period until the launch of the weekly
369:
361:
2422:
1976:
1915:
1882:
1855:
1845:
1842:
Diasporas and diplomacy : cosmopolitan contact zones at the BBC World Service (1932-2012)
1822:
1812:
1759:
1732:
1722:
1669:
1659:
1387:
1377:
1308:
1224:
1214:
2466:
2461:
2250:
1300:
1152:
836:
777:
773:
604:
349:
153:
2136:
1466:
611:, was embraced by the immigrants at the time, as a source of unity for a various reasons.
2456:
2372:
2304:
2161:
1588:
1514:
761:
691:
493:
427:, in 2024, 4,155 students certified in GCSE Urdu, an increase of 9% from the year before.
323:
reports the total number of Urdu speakers in the UK at over 400,000. Since the 1990s, the
283:
76:
2228:
1972:
Diasporas and Diplomacy Cosmopolitan: Contact Zones at the BBC World Service (1932-2012)
1879:
Diasporas and Diplomacy: Cosmopolitan Contact Zones at the BBC World Service (1932-2012)
1087:
792:
457:
143:
59:
1443:"An investigation of inter-subject comparability in GCSEs and A levels in summer 2021"
233:
2517:
2511:
2430:
2367:
2357:
2309:
2118:
1266:
852:
753:
707:
703:
695:
639:
468:" around 1780 AD for a language that went by a multiplicity of names before his time.
308:
294:
279:
157:
1688:
1348:
756:, typically aimed towards middle-class Urdu speakers. It serves as a bridge for the
2334:
1908:"Lord's Prayer read in Urdu and Swahili during Canterbury Cathedral Easter service"
1629:
Garcia, Maria Isabel Maldonado. "The Urdu language reforms." Studies 26 (2011): 97.
1118:
628:
577:
565:
2046:
1292:
580:, due to the lack of coverage of news in British media regarding their homeland.
1304:
2471:
544:) was established by some Indian students, which supposedly held on until 1930.
521:
489:
1807:
Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. Foreign Affairs Committee (2010).
1146:
364:
recruits and civil servants, which was mandatory for those wishing to join the
2408:
2233:(in English and Urdu). Calcutta: Calcutta School Book Society. 1816. pp.
1997:"After nearly two decades, BBC Urdu ends its radio news bulletins in Pakistan"
1270:
1170:
1128:
916:
898:
840:
800:
715:
671:
624:
553:
385:
320:
17:
1919:
1859:
1826:
1763:
1391:
1228:
1736:
1673:
872:
864:
848:
226:
210:
192:
174:
835:
The largest Urdu-speaking communities in the UK are predominantly found in
599:
was launched by a student, along with an editor of a Pakistani daily. The
217:
2329:
1175:
1068:
1014:
934:
860:
844:
816:
784:
745:
741:
687:
573:
569:
561:
262:
250:
662:, in 1969 by the veteran journalist Inayat Ullah, who also launched The
2362:
1095:
868:
416:
408:
258:
1515:"UK's first Urdu degree offered by Manchester Metropolitan University"
1113:
in 2007, he took his oath in both English and Urdu. Similarly, the ex-
2382:
2377:
1050:
1032:
996:
983:
957:
856:
796:
749:
659:
608:
517:
473:
424:
1374:
Literacy in school and society : multidisciplinary perspectives
476:
during the 1880-90s, and was known as the Ainah-e-Angrezi Saudagri (
572:
and quickly became the source of communication for immigrants from
1783:
1540:"How to boost grades? Let Polish pupils sit Polish language exams"
952:
839:. Urdu is the most spoken language, after English, in cities like
557:
472:
One of the earliest Urdu periodicals in the UK was established in
273:
2188:"Watch: PM of Scotland Humza Yousaf's oath in Urdu as MP in 2016"
706:, launched its weekly international service in 1994. Since 2015,
488:
and, undoubtedly, it revolved mainly around trade relations with
2288:
404:
290:
114:
2261:
1945:"ZEE TV UK to extend Urdu content with launch of 'Suno Chanda'"
403:
Curriculum-wise, students in the UK are able to take Urdu as a
2095:"Language, England and Wales - Office for National Statistics"
1752:"Independent joins Saudi group to launch Middle East websites"
1243:"Language, England and Wales - Office for National Statistics"
769:
412:
1658:(1st ed.). Islambad: Mashal Publications. p. 13.
1121:, also took his oath in Urdu when he became an MP in 2016.
1996:
783:
Other renowned Urdu television stations, usually based in
261:
characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
863:
are considered two major Urdu centres, among cities like
492:. Following this, Urdu periodicals transpired during the
2023:"Multilingual coverage of Huddersfield Giants v Hull FC"
2257:
1784:"الفضل لندن، ربوہ، قادیان | جماعت احمدیہ مسلمہ عالمگیر"
827:
was broadcast on a local station with Urdu commentary.
638:
The first non-Pakistani Urdu paper was published by an
1491:"Edexcel A level Urdu (2018) | Pearson qualifications"
1090:
was taught to write Urdu after requesting her servant
714:
where it is published from. Other newspapers like the
764:
in the UK. In 2024, the Easter Sunday service at the
2444:
2421:
2391:
2350:
2343:
464:, the poet first believed to have coined the name "
372:founded the Oriental Institute in London, in 1816.
224:
208:
190:
172:
167:
140:
73:
65:
55:
43:
31:
2119:"Queen Victoria and Abdul: Diaries reveal secrets"
1721:(1st ed.). Karachi, Pakistan: Royal Book Co.
1299:, Cambridge University Press, pp. xiii–xiv,
879:As per the 2021 UK Census in England and Wales
1420:[The development of Urdu in Britain].
524:, which paved way for the Taswiri Akhbar (the
2273:
2230:Romanized school dictionary, English and Urdu
2071:"'Manchester is Britain's city of languages'"
1161:List of English words of Hindi or Urdu origin
528:) paper. In 1920, a newspaper by the name of
8:
803:are also broadcast on Indian channels like
552:The wave of migrants during the 1950s from
2347:
2280:
2266:
2258:
1840:Marie Gillespie; Alban Webb, eds. (2013).
1690:
1415:
877:
667:
651:
643:
592:
584:
531:
529:
507:
505:
479:
477:
37:
28:
2075:Manchester is Britain’s city of languages
776:was led in Urdu, along with subtitles in
1565:"GCSE subject combinations and outcomes"
1372:Elisabetta Zuanelli Sonino, ed. (1989).
722:, which can be obtained from libraries.
456:
2137:"Queen Victoria's Love Story With Urdu"
1192:
627:, setup by a Pakistani journalist from
255:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
1969:Webb, Alban; Gillespie, Marie (2013).
1877:Gillespie, Marie; Webb, Alban (2013).
1691:برطانیہ میں محمود ہاشمی جرنلسٹ ایوارڈز
1412:Farooqi, Muhammad Aslam (2021-08-05).
1267:"Ethnologue report for United Kingdom"
47:
2241:from the original on October 19, 2018
2217:"MSPs to take oaths in six languages"
1649:
1647:
1645:
1643:
1641:
1639:
1637:
1635:
7:
1407:
1405:
1403:
1401:
1204:
1202:
1200:
1198:
1196:
1102:', totalling 13 volumes altogether.
795:are also typically broadcast on the
271:Status of Urdu in the United Kingdom
2523:Languages of the Pakistani diaspora
1105:When Pakistani-origin Scottish MSP
603:, which published stories from the
348:migrant languages such as Urdu and
298:
2162:"Scotland's first Muslim MSP dies"
2021:Finnegan, Stephanie (2017-02-24).
1906:Swerling, Gabriella (2024-03-31).
631:. It was eventually taken over by
421:Manchester Metropolitan University
411:subject, which is examined by the
278:Urdu inscription on an obelisk in
25:
1589:"Pupils set for Higher Urdu exam"
642:in August 1965, and was known as
520:. It carried on until 1919, post
2528:Languages of the Indian diaspora
1654:Qaisrani, Sajid Mansoor (1990).
1145:
1131:
772:included a segment in which the
752:and covers relevant news in the
737:List of Urdu television channels
1181:Languages of the United Kingdom
504:. Similar newspapers, like the
2497:Uddin & Begum Romanisation
1719:Pakistan and the British media
843:, where in certain areas like
540:(which was later rebranded to
1:
2492:Progressive Writers' Movement
1811:. London: Stationery Office.
1297:Language in the British Isles
1291:Britain, David (2007-08-23),
768:, which was broadcast by the
486:Mirror of British Merchandise
384:In 1841, a grammar school in
305:most commonly spoken language
2047:"ATLAS - Urdu: Introduction"
1750:Waterson, Jim (2018-07-19).
1305:10.1017/cbo9780511620782.001
49:[ˈbəɾt̪ɑːnʋiːˈʊrduː]
1166:Glossary of the British Raj
2544:
1975:. Routledge. p. 157.
1881:. Routledge. p. 167.
1495:qualifications.pearson.com
1376:. New York: Plenum Press.
1293:"Map of the British Isles"
1209:Khan, Abdul Jamil (2006).
1115:First Minister of Scotland
734:
700:Ahmadiyya Muslim Community
583:Weekly newspapers such as
390:University College, London
2295:
1717:Aziz, Qutubuddin (1989).
1687:فتح, پرویز (2022-06-01).
1054:
956:
760:and certain parts of the
530:
506:
478:
419:exam-board, and in 2015,
360:, it was being taught to
241:
36:
1416:برطانیہ میں اردو کی ترقی
1020:Yorkshire and the Humber
940:Yorkshire and the Humber
514:– the Military Newspaper
1844:. New York: Routledge.
1569:analytics.ofqual.gov.uk
831:Geographic distribution
589:(The Voice of the Time)
398:University of Cambridge
368:. For this reason, the
311:for around two million
293:in the United Kingdom (
2436:Hindi-Urdu controversy
718:continue to operate a
656:(News of the Homeland)
650:. Other weeklies like
469:
462:Ghulam Hamdani Mushafi
287:
243:This article contains
1656:Urdu press in Britain
1353:www.cambridgesu.co.uk
1335:University of Córdoba
1139:United Kingdom portal
1094:, who had arrived in
801:Pakistani Urdu dramas
799:platform, while some
748:network, is based in
548:Immigration Era Press
480:آئینۂ انگریزی سوداگری
460:
277:
1610:"Course report 2022"
766:Canterbury Cathedral
658:were brought out in
394:University of Oxford
366:Indian Civil Service
325:Department of Health
313:British South Asians
307:. It is seen as the
1949:www.bizasialive.com
1111:Scottish parliament
1109:was elected to the
880:
825:Huddersfield Giants
702:, which started in
315:. According to the
69:270,000 (2021)
1100:Hindustani Journal
1056:North West England
1038:South East England
1002:North West England
922:North West England
878:
821:Partition of India
758:Pakistani diaspora
516:) also existed in
470:
392:, followed by the
370:East India Company
288:
2505:
2504:
2417:
2416:
2168:. 6 February 2009
1888:978-0-415-50880-3
1851:978-0-203-12515-1
1818:978-0-215-54382-0
1383:978-1-4899-0909-1
1349:"CU Urdu Society"
1080:
1079:
805:Zee Entertainment
654:– Akhbar-e-Watan
380:England and Wales
269:
268:
251:rendering support
247:phonetic symbols.
16:(Redirected from
2535:
2348:
2282:
2275:
2268:
2259:
2254:
2248:
2246:
2224:
2203:
2202:
2200:
2199:
2192:The Siasat Daily
2184:
2178:
2177:
2175:
2173:
2158:
2152:
2151:
2149:
2148:
2133:
2127:
2126:
2125:. 14 March 2011.
2115:
2109:
2108:
2106:
2105:
2091:
2085:
2084:
2082:
2081:
2067:
2061:
2060:
2058:
2057:
2043:
2037:
2036:
2034:
2033:
2018:
2012:
2011:
2009:
2008:
1993:
1987:
1986:
1966:
1960:
1959:
1957:
1956:
1941:
1935:
1934:
1932:
1931:
1922:. Archived from
1903:
1897:
1896:
1874:
1868:
1867:
1837:
1831:
1830:
1804:
1798:
1797:
1795:
1794:
1780:
1774:
1773:
1771:
1770:
1747:
1741:
1740:
1714:
1708:
1707:
1705:
1704:
1692:
1684:
1678:
1677:
1651:
1630:
1627:
1621:
1620:
1614:
1606:
1600:
1599:
1597:
1596:
1585:
1579:
1578:
1576:
1575:
1561:
1555:
1554:
1552:
1551:
1536:
1530:
1529:
1527:
1526:
1511:
1505:
1504:
1502:
1501:
1487:
1481:
1480:
1478:
1477:
1463:
1457:
1456:
1454:
1453:
1439:
1433:
1432:
1430:
1429:
1417:
1409:
1396:
1395:
1369:
1363:
1362:
1360:
1359:
1345:
1339:
1338:
1330:
1324:
1323:
1322:
1321:
1288:
1282:
1281:
1279:
1277:
1263:
1257:
1256:
1254:
1253:
1239:
1233:
1232:
1206:
1155:
1153:Languages portal
1150:
1149:
1141:
1136:
1135:
1134:
881:
837:Northern England
817:BBC Urdu service
742:BBC Urdu Service
669:
653:
645:
605:Pothohar Plateau
594:
586:
535:
534:
533:
511:
510:
509:
483:
482:
481:
303:) is the fourth
302:
301:
300:برطانیہ میں اردو
236:
220:
213:
204:
203:
195:
186:
185:
177:
146:
79:
51:
39:
29:
21:
2543:
2542:
2538:
2537:
2536:
2534:
2533:
2532:
2508:
2507:
2506:
2501:
2440:
2413:
2399:Aurangabad Urdu
2387:
2339:
2291:
2286:
2244:
2242:
2227:
2215:
2212:
2210:Further reading
2207:
2206:
2197:
2195:
2186:
2185:
2181:
2171:
2169:
2160:
2159:
2155:
2146:
2144:
2135:
2134:
2130:
2117:
2116:
2112:
2103:
2101:
2093:
2092:
2088:
2079:
2077:
2069:
2068:
2064:
2055:
2053:
2045:
2044:
2040:
2031:
2029:
2020:
2019:
2015:
2006:
2004:
1995:
1994:
1990:
1983:
1968:
1967:
1963:
1954:
1952:
1943:
1942:
1938:
1929:
1927:
1905:
1904:
1900:
1889:
1876:
1875:
1871:
1852:
1839:
1838:
1834:
1819:
1806:
1805:
1801:
1792:
1790:
1788:www.alislam.org
1782:
1781:
1777:
1768:
1766:
1749:
1748:
1744:
1729:
1716:
1715:
1711:
1702:
1700:
1686:
1685:
1681:
1666:
1653:
1652:
1633:
1628:
1624:
1612:
1608:
1607:
1603:
1594:
1592:
1587:
1586:
1582:
1573:
1571:
1563:
1562:
1558:
1549:
1547:
1544:The Independent
1538:
1537:
1533:
1524:
1522:
1513:
1512:
1508:
1499:
1497:
1489:
1488:
1484:
1475:
1473:
1465:
1464:
1460:
1451:
1449:
1441:
1440:
1436:
1427:
1425:
1411:
1410:
1399:
1384:
1371:
1370:
1366:
1357:
1355:
1347:
1346:
1342:
1332:
1331:
1327:
1319:
1317:
1315:
1290:
1289:
1285:
1275:
1273:
1265:
1264:
1260:
1251:
1249:
1241:
1240:
1236:
1221:
1213:. Algora Publ.
1208:
1207:
1194:
1189:
1151:
1144:
1137:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1085:
833:
813:
762:Indian diaspora
739:
733:
728:
712:Tilford, Surrey
710:has shifted to
692:The Independent
684:
556:countries like
550:
498:the War Journal
494:First World War
455:
450:
445:
433:
382:
338:
333:
299:
284:First World War
272:
249:Without proper
232:
216:
209:
199:
198:
191:
181:
180:
173:
163:
147:
142:
136:
80:
77:Language family
75:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2541:
2539:
2531:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2510:
2509:
2503:
2502:
2500:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2448:
2446:
2442:
2441:
2439:
2438:
2433:
2427:
2425:
2419:
2418:
2415:
2414:
2412:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2395:
2393:
2389:
2388:
2386:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2354:
2352:
2345:
2341:
2340:
2338:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2296:
2293:
2292:
2287:
2285:
2284:
2277:
2270:
2262:
2256:
2255:
2225:
2211:
2208:
2205:
2204:
2179:
2153:
2128:
2110:
2099:www.ons.gov.uk
2086:
2062:
2038:
2027:Yorkshire Live
2013:
1988:
1981:
1961:
1936:
1898:
1887:
1869:
1850:
1832:
1817:
1799:
1775:
1742:
1727:
1709:
1679:
1664:
1631:
1622:
1617:www.sqa.org.uk
1601:
1580:
1556:
1531:
1506:
1482:
1471:www.aqa.org.uk
1458:
1434:
1397:
1382:
1364:
1340:
1325:
1313:
1283:
1258:
1247:www.ons.gov.uk
1234:
1219:
1191:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1184:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1157:
1156:
1142:
1126:
1123:
1088:Queen Victoria
1084:
1081:
1078:
1077:
1074:
1071:
1065:
1064:
1061:
1058:
1053:
1047:
1046:
1043:
1040:
1035:
1029:
1028:
1025:
1022:
1017:
1011:
1010:
1007:
1004:
999:
993:
992:
989:
986:
980:
979:
976:
973:
967:
966:
963:
960:
955:
949:
948:
945:
942:
937:
931:
930:
927:
924:
919:
913:
912:
909:
906:
901:
895:
894:
891:
888:
885:
832:
829:
812:
809:
744:, part of the
735:Main article:
732:
729:
727:
724:
720:London Edition
683:
680:
640:Indian Punjabi
587:– Nawa-e-Waqt
549:
546:
526:Pictorial News
512:(Fauji Akhbar
454:
451:
449:
446:
444:
441:
432:
429:
381:
378:
337:
334:
332:
329:
270:
267:
266:
253:, you may see
239:
238:
230:
222:
221:
214:
206:
205:
196:
188:
187:
178:
170:
169:
168:Language codes
165:
164:
162:
161:
150:
148:
144:Writing system
141:
138:
137:
135:
134:
133:
132:
131:
130:
129:
128:
127:
126:
125:
124:
123:
122:
83:
81:
74:
71:
70:
67:
63:
62:
60:British Asians
57:
53:
52:
45:
41:
40:
34:
33:
24:
18:Urdu in the UK
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2540:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2515:
2513:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2449:
2447:
2443:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2431:Urdu movement
2429:
2428:
2426:
2424:
2420:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2396:
2394:
2390:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2358:Standard Urdu
2356:
2355:
2353:
2349:
2346:
2342:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2297:
2294:
2290:
2283:
2278:
2276:
2271:
2269:
2264:
2263:
2260:
2252:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2231:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2213:
2209:
2193:
2189:
2183:
2180:
2167:
2163:
2157:
2154:
2142:
2138:
2132:
2129:
2124:
2120:
2114:
2111:
2100:
2096:
2090:
2087:
2076:
2072:
2066:
2063:
2052:
2051:www.ucl.ac.uk
2048:
2042:
2039:
2028:
2024:
2017:
2014:
2002:
1998:
1992:
1989:
1984:
1982:9780415508803
1978:
1974:
1973:
1965:
1962:
1950:
1946:
1940:
1937:
1926:on 2024-03-31
1925:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1912:The Telegraph
1909:
1902:
1899:
1895:
1890:
1884:
1880:
1873:
1870:
1866:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1847:
1843:
1836:
1833:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1814:
1810:
1803:
1800:
1789:
1785:
1779:
1776:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1746:
1743:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1728:969-407-088-0
1724:
1720:
1713:
1710:
1698:
1694:
1683:
1680:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1665:969-8094-00-8
1661:
1657:
1650:
1648:
1646:
1644:
1642:
1640:
1638:
1636:
1632:
1626:
1623:
1618:
1611:
1605:
1602:
1590:
1584:
1581:
1570:
1566:
1560:
1557:
1545:
1541:
1535:
1532:
1520:
1516:
1510:
1507:
1496:
1492:
1486:
1483:
1472:
1468:
1462:
1459:
1448:
1444:
1438:
1435:
1423:
1419:
1408:
1406:
1404:
1402:
1398:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1379:
1375:
1368:
1365:
1354:
1350:
1344:
1341:
1336:
1329:
1326:
1316:
1314:9780521794886
1310:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1287:
1284:
1272:
1268:
1262:
1259:
1248:
1244:
1238:
1235:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1220:0-87586-437-6
1216:
1212:
1205:
1203:
1201:
1199:
1197:
1193:
1186:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1158:
1154:
1148:
1143:
1140:
1129:
1124:
1122:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1103:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1082:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1066:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1052:
1049:
1048:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1030:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1012:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
994:
990:
987:
985:
982:
981:
977:
974:
972:
969:
968:
964:
961:
959:
954:
951:
950:
946:
943:
941:
938:
936:
933:
932:
928:
925:
923:
920:
918:
915:
914:
910:
907:
905:
904:West Midlands
902:
900:
897:
896:
892:
889:
886:
883:
882:
876:
874:
870:
866:
862:
858:
854:
853:Cheetham Hill
850:
846:
842:
838:
830:
828:
826:
822:
818:
810:
808:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
781:
779:
775:
774:Lord's Prayer
771:
767:
763:
759:
755:
754:Urdu language
751:
747:
743:
738:
730:
726:Digital Media
725:
723:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
704:Qadian, India
701:
698:, run by the
697:
696:Daily Al-Fazl
693:
689:
681:
679:
676:
673:
665:
661:
657:
649:
641:
636:
634:
630:
626:
622:
618:
612:
610:
606:
602:
598:
590:
581:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
547:
545:
543:
539:
527:
523:
519:
515:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
475:
467:
463:
459:
452:
447:
442:
440:
438:
430:
428:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
401:
399:
395:
391:
387:
379:
377:
373:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
335:
330:
328:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
309:lingua franca
306:
296:
292:
285:
281:
276:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
246:
240:
235:
231:
229:
228:
223:
219:
215:
212:
207:
202:
197:
194:
189:
184:
179:
176:
171:
166:
159:
158:Urdu alphabet
155:
152:
151:
149:
145:
139:
121:
118:
117:
116:
113:
112:
111:
108:
107:
106:
105:Western Hindi
103:
102:
101:
98:
97:
96:
93:
92:
91:
88:
87:
86:
85:Indo-European
82:
78:
72:
68:
64:
61:
58:
54:
50:
46:
44:Pronunciation
42:
35:
30:
27:
19:
2404:British Urdu
2403:
2249:– via
2243:. Retrieved
2229:
2220:
2196:. Retrieved
2194:. 2023-04-06
2191:
2182:
2170:. Retrieved
2165:
2156:
2145:. Retrieved
2143:. 2021-02-20
2140:
2131:
2122:
2113:
2102:. Retrieved
2098:
2089:
2078:. Retrieved
2074:
2065:
2054:. Retrieved
2050:
2041:
2030:. Retrieved
2026:
2016:
2005:. Retrieved
2003:. 2022-12-31
2000:
1991:
1971:
1964:
1953:. Retrieved
1951:. 2022-05-15
1948:
1939:
1928:. Retrieved
1924:the original
1911:
1901:
1892:
1878:
1872:
1863:
1841:
1835:
1808:
1802:
1791:. Retrieved
1787:
1778:
1767:. Retrieved
1756:The Guardian
1755:
1745:
1718:
1712:
1701:. Retrieved
1696:
1682:
1655:
1625:
1616:
1604:
1593:. Retrieved
1591:. 2006-03-10
1583:
1572:. Retrieved
1568:
1559:
1548:. Retrieved
1546:. 2015-08-20
1543:
1534:
1523:. Retrieved
1521:. 2015-03-27
1518:
1509:
1498:. Retrieved
1494:
1485:
1474:. Retrieved
1470:
1461:
1450:. Retrieved
1446:
1437:
1426:. Retrieved
1421:
1373:
1367:
1356:. Retrieved
1352:
1343:
1334:
1328:
1318:, retrieved
1296:
1286:
1274:. Retrieved
1261:
1250:. Retrieved
1246:
1237:
1210:
1119:Humza Yousaf
1107:Bashir Ahmad
1104:
1099:
1086:
834:
814:
782:
740:
719:
685:
682:21st century
674:
666:followed by
663:
655:
647:
637:
632:
629:Azad Kashmir
620:
616:
613:
600:
597:('The East')
596:
588:
582:
578:Azad Kashmir
566:World War II
564:, following
551:
542:United India
541:
537:
525:
513:
501:
497:
485:
471:
465:
434:
402:
383:
374:
346:Commonwealth
339:
289:
242:
225:
154:Perso-Arabic
120:British Urdu
119:
100:Central Zone
90:Indo-Iranian
38:برطانوی اردو
32:British Urdu
26:
2462:Informatics
2251:archive.org
2221:news.stv.tv
1092:Abdul Karim
893:Percentage
793:ARY Digital
686:Aside from
554:South Asian
522:World War I
453:1880s-1920s
448:Periodicals
317:2021 census
257:instead of
237: Urdu
2512:Categories
2457:Literature
2409:Roman Urdu
2373:Hyderabadi
2325:Vocabulary
2300:Hindustani
2198:2023-04-20
2147:2023-05-21
2104:2023-04-20
2080:2023-04-30
2056:2023-04-20
2032:2024-04-01
2007:2024-04-01
1955:2023-04-30
1930:2024-04-01
1793:2024-02-29
1769:2023-04-20
1703:2023-12-12
1595:2023-04-20
1574:2024-08-23
1550:2023-04-20
1525:2023-04-20
1500:2023-04-21
1476:2023-04-20
1452:2023-01-25
1428:2023-05-02
1422:Adbi Miras
1358:2023-04-21
1320:2023-04-20
1271:Ethnologue
1252:2023-01-25
1187:References
1171:Roman Urdu
917:Manchester
899:Birmingham
841:Manchester
787:, such as
731:Television
716:Daily Jang
672:Daily Jang
652:اخبارِ وطن
625:Birmingham
595:– Mashriq
508:فوجی اخبار
386:Gloucester
358:Hindustani
342:Anglophone
340:Britain's
321:Ethnologue
282:about the
110:Hindustani
95:Indo-Aryan
2344:Varieties
2320:Phonology
2001:Arab News
1920:0307-1235
1860:823230212
1827:551499564
1764:0261-3077
1699:(in Urdu)
1424:(in Urdu)
1392:646534330
1229:836277434
971:Redbridge
873:Hyderabad
865:Islamabad
849:Longsight
675:(The War)
648:(Reunion)
633:'Mashriq'
585:نوائے وقت
502:the Truth
400:by 1859.
331:Education
227:Glottolog
211:ISO 639-3
193:ISO 639-2
175:ISO 639-1
56:Ethnicity
2423:Politics
2368:Dhakaiya
2351:Dialects
2330:Nastaliq
2310:Alphabet
2239:Archived
2123:BBC News
1737:20543424
1674:22907965
1519:BBC News
1276:11 April
1176:BBC Urdu
1125:See also
1083:Politics
1069:Rochdale
1015:Kirklees
935:Bradford
861:Bradford
845:Rusholme
785:Pakistan
746:BBC News
688:BBC Urdu
664:Mashriq,
646:– Milap
574:Pakistan
570:Pakistan
562:Pakistan
431:Scotland
396:and the
263:Help:IPA
234:urdu1245
66:Speakers
2482:Writers
2363:Dakhini
2335:Braille
2315:Grammar
2305:History
2245:Oct 18,
1096:England
944:15,270
926:17,672
908:25,131
890:Number
887:Region
869:Karachi
778:English
708:Al-Fazl
617:Mashriq
601:Mashriq
490:the Raj
417:Edexcel
409:A-Level
350:Punjabi
336:History
259:Unicode
2472:Poetry
2467:Cinema
2452:Awards
2383:Urdish
2378:Rekhta
2172:19 May
2141:PRATHA
1979:
1918:
1885:
1865:world.
1858:
1848:
1825:
1815:
1762:
1735:
1725:
1672:
1662:
1467:"Urdu"
1447:GOV.UK
1390:
1380:
1311:
1227:
1217:
1076:2.43%
1073:5,218
1063:2.41%
1060:5,598
1051:Oldham
1045:4.28%
1042:6,497
1033:Slough
1027:1.64%
1024:6,857
1009:2.51%
1006:7,144
997:Bolton
991:2.21%
988:7,438
984:Newham
978:2.79%
975:8,315
965:4.04%
962:8,714
958:London
947:2.91%
929:3.31%
911:2.28%
857:London
750:London
670:– the
660:London
621:'Asia'
609:London
518:London
474:London
425:Ofqual
280:Barton
2487:Poets
2477:Music
2392:Forms
1697:ہم سب
1613:(PDF)
953:Luton
884:City
811:Radio
623:from
607:from
558:India
443:Media
2518:Urdu
2445:Arts
2289:Urdu
2247:2018
2174:2015
1977:ISBN
1916:ISSN
1883:ISBN
1856:OCLC
1846:ISBN
1823:OCLC
1813:ISBN
1760:ISSN
1733:OCLC
1723:ISBN
1670:OCLC
1660:ISBN
1388:OCLC
1378:ISBN
1309:ISBN
1278:2015
1225:OCLC
1215:ISBN
871:and
859:and
851:and
815:The
791:and
644:ملاپ
593:مشرق
576:and
560:and
538:Hind
484:) –
466:Urdu
415:and
407:and
405:GCSE
295:Urdu
291:Urdu
115:Urdu
2235:182
2166:BBC
1301:doi
807:.
797:Sky
789:PTV
770:BBC
668:جنگ
532:ہند
437:SQA
413:AQA
362:EIC
245:IPA
218:urd
201:urd
2514::
2237:.
2219:.
2190:.
2164:.
2139:.
2121:.
2097:.
2073:.
2049:.
2025:.
1999:.
1947:.
1914:.
1910:.
1891:.
1862:.
1854:.
1821:.
1786:.
1758:.
1754:.
1731:.
1695:.
1668:.
1634:^
1615:.
1567:.
1542:.
1517:.
1493:.
1469:.
1445:.
1400:^
1386:.
1351:.
1307:,
1295:,
1269:.
1245:.
1223:.
1195:^
1117:,
875:.
867:,
847:,
780:.
690:,
536:–
354:CU
297::
183:ur
2281:e
2274:t
2267:v
2253:.
2223:.
2201:.
2176:.
2150:.
2107:.
2083:.
2059:.
2035:.
2010:.
1985:.
1958:.
1933:.
1829:.
1796:.
1772:.
1739:.
1706:.
1693:"
1689:"
1676:.
1619:.
1598:.
1577:.
1553:.
1528:.
1503:.
1479:.
1455:.
1431:.
1418:"
1414:"
1394:.
1361:.
1337:.
1303::
1280:.
1255:.
1231:.
286:.
265:.
160:)
156:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
