261:(BMS-663513 or anti-4-1BB antibody) is a fully human, non‐ligand binding, CD137 agonist immunoglobulin‐γ 4 (IgG4) monoclonal antibody. It was developed utilizing Medarex's UltiMAb(R) technology by Bristol-Myers Squibb for the treatment of cancer and solid tumors. Urelumab promotes anti-tumor immunity, or an immune response against tumor cells, via CD137 activation. The application of Urelumab has been limited due to the fact that it can cause severe liver toxicity.
336:
Results from integrated safety analyses of
Urelumab dosages across Urelumab clinical studies indicates that doses of ≥1 mg/kg every three weeks will result in high levels of hepatotoxicity and transaminitis. However, Urelumab dosed at 0.1 mg/kg or lower every 3 weeks was demonstrated to be safe, and
315:
Current clinical trials combine
Urelumab with chemotherapy (NCT00351325), chemoradiation (NCT00461110), ipilimumab (NCT00803374), rituximab (NCT01775631, NCT02420938), cetuximab (NCT02110082), and elotuzumab (NCT02252263), nivolumab (NCT02253992) for metastatic solid tumors, NSCLC, melanoma, B-cell
287:
response against tumor cells which results in tumor clearance. Urelumab achieves this by promoting the proliferation and survival of activated CD8+ T cells and upregulating their activity and effector functioning by allowing for increased levels of cytokine production (IL-2 and IFN‐γ) and higher
340:
While
Urelumab provides promising results for clinical efficacy against tumors, these responses were achieved in mouse models that administered Urelumab above this maximum tolerated dose. This issue has hindered the clinical success of Urelumab today in establishing anti-tumor immunity in human
332:
Urelumab induces liver toxicity by activating liver
Kupffer cells. The receptor FcγRIIB is expressed on both CD8+ T cells and liver Kupffer cells. Because of this, CD8+ T cell activation by Urelumab simultaneously induces the activation of liver Kupffer cells, which causes these macrophages to
276:
CD137 is a co-stimulatory molecule that’s a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily. The CD137 gene is located within the chromosome 1 p36 locus. CD137 is expressed on the surfaces of activated CD8+ and CD4+ T cells, natural killer (NK) cells, dendritic cells, B cells,
324:
The success of
Urelumab in promoting anti-tumor immunity in clinical trials has been hampered by the fact that it is dose-limited. When administered in amounts beyond the maximum tolerated dose, Urelumab has resulted in hepatotoxicity in human patients enrolled in Urelumab clinical studies.
328:
In phase I and II clinical trials, Urelumab caused severe hepatotoxicity in more than 5% of patients enrolled. After two hepatotoxicity-related deaths in
December 2008, enrollment was halted in all urelumab clinical studies globally, but were restarted in 2012.
295:
CD137 activation by
Urelumab also strengthens other aspects of the innate and adaptive immune response against tumor cells. CD137 activation promotes the proliferation and survival of natural killer cells which carry out
300:
of tumor cells. CD137 activation also promotes the proliferation and survival of B cells and CD4+ T cells, the differentiation of monocytes into dendritic cells, and the secretion of cytokines from these cell types.
2244:
850:
Segal NH, Logan TF, Hodi FS, McDermott D, Melero I, Hamid O, et al. (April 2017). "Results from an
Integrated Safety Analysis of Urelumab, an Agonist Anti-CD137 Monoclonal Antibody".
418:
963:
2028:
81:
241:
3102:
2260:
2722:
2188:
2310:
2742:
956:
2370:
2021:
464:"Epitope and Fc-Mediated Cross-linking, but Not High Affinity, Are Critical for Antitumor Activity of CD137 Agonist Antibody with Reduced Liver Toxicity"
34:
2713:
2702:
2678:
2168:
309:
Because of its ability to promote anti-tumor immunity with memory in cancer patients, Urelumab is an innovative and promising cancer immunotherapy.
297:
3097:
337:
didn’t result in hepatotoxicity, and is the current recommended maximum tolerated dose in human patients enrolled in
Urelumab clinical studies.
2057:
949:
2204:
2014:
1972:
2336:
3112:
2068:
3022:
277:
monocytes, and neutrophils. Urelumab targets, binds to, and activates the CD137 receptor on these CD137-expressing immune cells.
788:"A humanized 4-1BB-targeting agonistic antibody exerts potent antitumor activity in colorectal cancer without systemic toxicity"
715:
3107:
2733:
2435:
1944:
435:
3037:
1954:
138:
1989:
3027:
2669:
908:"Evaluation of efficacy and toxicity of CD137 immunotherapy with urelumab-mIgG1 chimeric antibody in CD137 HuGEMM™"
2628:
2098:
1538:
316:
non-Hodgkin lymphoma, colorectal cancer, and multiple myeloma. A biomarker study using CyTOF is also underway.
2381:
2077:
1977:
524:"Optimization of 4-1BB antibody for cancer immunotherapy by balancing agonistic strength with FcγR affinity"
280:
The activation of CD137 signaling by
Urelumab promotes anti-tumor immunity through a variety of mechanisms.
2093:
2766:
360:"Urelumab alone or in combination with rituximab in patients with relapsed or refractory B-cell lymphoma"
2578:
2573:
2524:
1050:
972:
716:"CD137 as an Attractive T Cell Co-Stimulatory Target in the TNFRSF for Immuno-Oncology Drug Development"
2163:
2178:
2693:
2529:
2234:
2128:
1254:
605:
535:
2936:
2644:
2534:
2426:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2123:
102:
44:
27:
2397:
2255:
2224:
592:
Etxeberria I, Bolaños E, Teijeira A, Garasa S, Yanguas A, Azpilikueta A, et al. (June 2021).
2558:
2553:
2519:
2514:
2460:
2275:
2048:
2040:
1439:
1398:
1238:
1030:
927:
885:
827:
774:
569:
493:
3047:
2351:
2341:
2331:
2265:
2214:
2976:
2966:
2956:
2893:
2618:
2321:
2986:
2971:
2888:
2853:
2598:
2103:
2037:
1330:
1000:
941:
877:
819:
750:
685:
633:
561:
485:
389:
2913:
2088:
2639:
2568:
2563:
2451:
2108:
1320:
1310:
919:
867:
859:
809:
799:
740:
730:
675:
667:
623:
613:
551:
543:
475:
379:
371:
358:
Timmerman J, Herbaux C, Ribrag V, Zelenetz AD, Houot R, Neelapu SS, et al. (May 2020).
312:
The first phase I trial of Urelumab began in 2006 and final results were published in 2015.
284:
183:
111:
2547:
147:
3017:
2994:
2539:
2456:
2219:
1738:
1514:
609:
539:
288:
cytotoxic capacity of activated CD8+ T cells. It also results in increased formation of
2878:
2868:
2795:
2412:
2402:
2326:
2158:
1983:
814:
787:
745:
680:
655:
628:
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556:
523:
384:
359:
3091:
2446:
2229:
2148:
1893:
1694:
1639:
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1524:
1444:
1338:
984:
976:
931:
831:
573:
497:
289:
923:
889:
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3032:
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2941:
2883:
2830:
2760:
2659:
2603:
2290:
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2173:
2153:
2118:
2113:
1883:
1868:
1848:
1838:
1817:
1733:
1674:
1659:
1629:
1609:
1604:
1579:
1559:
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1499:
1489:
1479:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1348:
1233:
1217:
1120:
1110:
1105:
1080:
1020:
863:
769:
671:
480:
463:
786:
Cheng LS, Cheng YF, Liu WT, Shen A, Zhang D, Xu T, et al. (September 2022).
594:"Antitumor efficacy and reduced toxicity using an anti-CD137 Probody therapeutic"
3062:
3057:
2961:
2946:
2918:
2908:
2903:
2858:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2790:
2785:
2608:
2593:
2588:
2407:
2392:
2209:
1949:
1939:
1878:
1863:
1853:
1843:
1822:
1807:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1757:
1710:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1669:
1664:
1649:
1624:
1614:
1594:
1574:
1569:
1534:
1529:
1519:
1509:
1504:
1474:
1464:
1434:
1388:
1383:
1373:
1358:
1343:
1315:
1300:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1243:
1186:
1181:
1171:
1151:
1130:
1125:
1095:
1015:
462:
Ho SK, Xu Z, Thakur A, Fox M, Tan SS, DiGiammarino E, et al. (April 2020).
2006:
804:
598:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
547:
2898:
2800:
2654:
2199:
1909:
1888:
1873:
1858:
1802:
1797:
1777:
1772:
1743:
1717:
1654:
1634:
1619:
1599:
1589:
1544:
1494:
1484:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1414:
1409:
1378:
1363:
1305:
1295:
1290:
1270:
1207:
1202:
1191:
1161:
1156:
1100:
1075:
1060:
1045:
1040:
1010:
907:
222:
122:
3072:
3067:
2848:
2295:
1812:
1644:
1469:
1368:
1353:
1212:
1176:
1166:
1140:
1135:
1115:
1090:
1085:
1070:
1065:
1035:
1005:
906:
Zhang H, He D, Zhang M, Feng X, An A, Ju C, Li H, Ouyang D (November 2020).
735:
618:
881:
823:
754:
689:
637:
565:
489:
393:
2300:
1145:
1055:
1025:
20:
1699:
1584:
56:
872:
375:
2873:
2863:
2508:
2504:
2500:
2496:
2492:
2488:
1924:
167:
2543:
2484:
2480:
2476:
2472:
2468:
2464:
2361:
270:
61:
49:
292:, which is crucial for creating a long-term anti-tumor response.
2928:
2840:
2777:
656:"Boosting Cancer Immunotherapy with Anti-CD137 Antibody Therapy"
158:
2010:
945:
773:
for "Study of BMS-663513 in Patients With Advanced Cancer" at
522:
Qi X, Li F, Wu Y, Cheng C, Han P, Wang J, Yang X (May 2019).
654:
Yonezawa A, Dutt S, Chester C, Kim J, Kohrt HE (July 2015).
2169:
Methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta (CERA/Mircera)
248:
3007:
2985:
2927:
2839:
2776:
2759:
2752:
2732:
2712:
2692:
2668:
2627:
2434:
2425:
2380:
2360:
2309:
2243:
2187:
2076:
2067:
2047:
1932:
1922:
1902:
1831:
1765:
1756:
1725:
1397:
1329:
1263:
992:
983:
221:
182:
177:
157:
137:
121:
101:
96:
80:
72:
67:
55:
43:
33:
26:
333:infiltrate the liver and cause hepatocyte damage.
283:CD137 activation by Urelumab stimulates a strong
2261:Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor
110:
2022:
957:
298:antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity
269:Urelumab targets the extracellular domain of
8:
19:
3028:Leukemia/leukocyte inhibitory factor (LIF)
2773:
2756:
2431:
2073:
2029:
2015:
2007:
1929:
1762:
989:
964:
950:
942:
3023:FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (FLT3L)
2452:Interferon alpha (interferon alfa, IFN-α)
871:
813:
803:
744:
734:
679:
627:
617:
555:
479:
383:
146:
3045:Additional cytokine receptor modulators:
3103:Drugs developed by Bristol Myers Squibb
350:
2869:Cucurbitacin I (elatericin B, JSI-124)
18:
2205:Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor
901:
899:
845:
843:
841:
7:
2564:Interferon kappa (IFN-ε/κ/τ/ζ, IFNK)
2337:Macrophage colony-stimulating factor
709:
707:
705:
703:
701:
699:
649:
647:
587:
585:
583:
517:
515:
513:
511:
509:
507:
457:
455:
453:
451:
449:
430:
428:
413:
411:
409:
407:
405:
403:
3038:Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP)
912:Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer
166:
14:
792:Journal of Translational Medicine
200:
194:
2569:Interferon omega (IFN-ω, IFNW1)
924:10.1136/jitc-2020-SITC2020.0647
3098:Drugs not assigned an ATC code
364:American Journal of Hematology
212:
206:
188:
1:
864:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-16-1272
672:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-15-0263
481:10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-19-0608
468:Molecular Cancer Therapeutics
2413:Thrombopoietin (THPO, MGDF)
2179:Pegol sihematide (EPO-018B)
2099:Carbamylated erythropoietin
3129:
805:10.1186/s12967-022-03619-w
548:10.1038/s41467-019-10088-1
178:Chemical and physical data
3113:Experimental cancer drugs
2962:Tofacitinib (tasocitinib)
2919:Tofacitinib (tasocitinib)
2826:Tofacitinib (tasocitinib)
1967:
440:National Cancer Institute
238:
2640:Interferon gamma (IFN-γ)
852:Clinical Cancer Research
714:Hashimoto K (May 2021).
660:Clinical Cancer Research
2540:Interferon beta (IFN-β)
736:10.3390/cancers13102288
619:10.1073/pnas.2025930118
3018:Cardiotrophin 1 (CT-1)
767:Clinical trial number
3108:Monoclonal antibodies
3015:Additional cytokines:
2942:Decernotinib (VX-509)
2579:Peginterferon alfa-2b
2574:Peginterferon alfa-2a
2094:Asialo erythropoietin
1051:Camidanlumab tesirine
973:Monoclonal antibodies
528:Nature Communications
2530:Interferon alfacon-1
2159:Erythropoietin (EPO)
1726:Chimeric + humanized
1255:Nivolumab/relatlimab
2677:See IL-28R (IFNLR)
2645:Interferon gamma 1b
2535:Interferon alpha-n3
610:2021PNAS..11825930E
540:2019NatCo..10.2141Q
419:"Urelumab Overview"
265:Mechanism of action
28:Monoclonal antibody
23:
16:Monoclonal antibody
3033:Oncostatin M (OSM)
2559:Interferon beta 1b
2554:Interferon beta 1a
2525:Interferon alfa n1
2520:Interferon alfa 2b
2515:Interferon alfa 2a
2349:Kinase inhibitors:
1994:Never to phase III
1440:Certolizumab pegol
1407:Immunosuppressive:
775:ClinicalTrials.gov
3085:
3084:
3081:
3080:
3003:
3002:
2770:
2688:
2687:
2421:
2420:
2164:Erythropoietin-Fc
2038:Cytokine receptor
2004:
2003:
1963:
1962:
1918:
1917:
1752:
1751:
1707:Immune activation
1199:Immune activation
1001:Immunosuppression
918:(Suppl 3): A388.
666:(14): 3113–3120.
376:10.1002/ajh.25757
341:cancer patients.
256:
255:
3120:
2774:
2764:
2757:
2616:Decoy receptors:
2432:
2109:Darbepoetin alfa
2074:
2031:
2024:
2017:
2008:
1930:
1763:
1321:Zolimomab aritox
1311:Telimomab aritox
990:
966:
959:
952:
943:
936:
935:
903:
894:
893:
875:
858:(8): 1929–1936.
847:
836:
835:
817:
807:
783:
777:
765:
759:
758:
748:
738:
720:
711:
694:
693:
683:
651:
642:
641:
631:
621:
589:
578:
577:
559:
519:
502:
501:
483:
474:(4): 1040–1051.
459:
444:
443:
432:
423:
422:
415:
398:
397:
387:
355:
285:cytotoxic T cell
252:
251:
244:
233:
231:
214:
208:
202:
196:
190:
170:
150:
114:
24:
22:
3128:
3127:
3123:
3122:
3121:
3119:
3118:
3117:
3088:
3087:
3086:
3077:
2999:
2995:Deucravacitinib
2981:
2923:
2835:
2763:
2748:
2728:
2708:
2684:
2664:
2623:
2457:Interferon alfa
2417:
2376:
2356:
2305:
2239:
2235:Pegnartograstim
2220:Lipegfilgrastim
2183:
2129:Epoetin epsilon
2063:
2043:
2035:
2005:
2000:
1999:
1984:Clinical trials
1959:
1914:
1898:
1827:
1748:
1739:Rozanolixizumab
1727:
1721:
1713:
1702:
1515:Lulizumab pegol
1393:
1325:
1259:
979:
970:
940:
939:
905:
904:
897:
849:
848:
839:
785:
784:
780:
766:
762:
718:
713:
712:
697:
653:
652:
645:
591:
590:
581:
521:
520:
505:
461:
460:
447:
434:
433:
426:
417:
416:
401:
357:
356:
352:
347:
322:
307:
305:Clinical trials
267:
247:
245:
242:(what is this?)
239:
229:
227:
217:
211:
205:
199:
193:
173:
153:
133:
117:
92:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3126:
3124:
3116:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3090:
3089:
3083:
3082:
3079:
3078:
3076:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3041:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3011:
3009:
3005:
3004:
3001:
3000:
2998:
2997:
2991:
2989:
2983:
2982:
2980:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2937:Cercosporamide
2933:
2931:
2925:
2924:
2922:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2879:Deuruxolitinib
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2845:
2843:
2837:
2836:
2834:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2796:Deuruxolitinib
2793:
2788:
2782:
2780:
2771:
2754:
2750:
2749:
2747:
2746:
2738:
2736:
2730:
2729:
2727:
2726:
2718:
2716:
2710:
2709:
2707:
2706:
2698:
2696:
2690:
2689:
2686:
2685:
2683:
2682:
2674:
2672:
2670:IFNLR (λ, III)
2666:
2665:
2663:
2662:
2657:
2648:
2647:
2642:
2633:
2631:
2625:
2624:
2622:
2621:
2612:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2582:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2454:
2449:
2440:
2438:
2436:IFNAR (α/β, I)
2429:
2423:
2422:
2419:
2418:
2416:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2403:Promegapoietin
2400:
2395:
2386:
2384:
2382:Thrombopoietin
2378:
2377:
2375:
2374:
2366:
2364:
2358:
2357:
2355:
2354:
2345:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2327:Interleukin-34
2324:
2315:
2313:
2307:
2306:
2304:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2284:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2249:
2247:
2241:
2240:
2238:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2193:
2191:
2185:
2184:
2182:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2082:
2080:
2078:Erythropoietin
2071:
2065:
2064:
2062:
2061:
2053:
2051:
2045:
2044:
2036:
2034:
2033:
2026:
2019:
2011:
2002:
2001:
1998:
1997:
1996:
1995:
1992:
1981:
1975:
1969:
1968:
1965:
1964:
1961:
1960:
1958:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1936:
1934:
1927:
1920:
1919:
1916:
1915:
1913:
1912:
1906:
1904:
1900:
1899:
1897:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1835:
1833:
1829:
1828:
1826:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1769:
1767:
1760:
1754:
1753:
1750:
1749:
1747:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1730:
1728:
1723:
1722:
1704:
1703:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1539:+hyaluronidase
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1403:
1401:
1395:
1394:
1392:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1335:
1333:
1327:
1326:
1324:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1267:
1265:
1261:
1260:
1258:
1257:
1247:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1226:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1195:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1008:
996:
994:
987:
981:
980:
971:
969:
968:
961:
954:
946:
938:
937:
895:
837:
778:
760:
695:
643:
579:
503:
445:
424:
399:
370:(5): 510–520.
349:
348:
346:
343:
321:
320:Liver toxicity
318:
306:
303:
290:memory T cells
266:
263:
254:
253:
236:
235:
225:
219:
218:
215:
209:
203:
197:
191:
186:
180:
179:
175:
174:
172:
171:
163:
161:
155:
154:
152:
151:
143:
141:
135:
134:
132:
131:
127:
125:
119:
118:
116:
115:
107:
105:
99:
98:
94:
93:
91:
90:
86:
84:
78:
77:
74:
70:
69:
65:
64:
59:
53:
52:
47:
41:
40:
39:Whole antibody
37:
31:
30:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3125:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3095:
3093:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3043:
3042:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3013:
3012:
3010:
3006:
2996:
2993:
2992:
2990:
2988:
2984:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2934:
2932:
2930:
2926:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2846:
2844:
2842:
2838:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2783:
2781:
2779:
2775:
2772:
2768:
2762:
2758:
2755:
2751:
2744:
2740:
2739:
2737:
2735:
2731:
2724:
2720:
2719:
2717:
2715:
2711:
2704:
2700:
2699:
2697:
2695:
2691:
2680:
2676:
2675:
2673:
2671:
2667:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2650:
2649:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2635:
2634:
2632:
2630:
2629:IFNGR (γ, II)
2626:
2620:
2617:
2614:
2613:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2584:
2583:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2549:
2545:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2510:
2506:
2502:
2498:
2494:
2490:
2486:
2482:
2478:
2474:
2470:
2466:
2462:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2447:Albinterferon
2445:
2442:
2441:
2439:
2437:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2424:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2388:
2387:
2385:
2383:
2379:
2372:
2368:
2367:
2365:
2363:
2359:
2353:
2350:
2347:
2346:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2317:
2316:
2314:
2312:
2308:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2286:
2285:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2251:
2250:
2248:
2246:
2245:GM-CSF (CSF2)
2242:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2230:Pegfilgrastim
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2195:
2194:
2192:
2190:
2186:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2149:Epoetin theta
2147:
2145:
2144:Epoetin omega
2142:
2140:
2139:Epoetin kappa
2137:
2135:
2134:Epoetin gamma
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2124:Epoetin delta
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2084:
2083:
2081:
2079:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2066:
2059:
2055:
2054:
2052:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2039:
2032:
2027:
2025:
2020:
2018:
2013:
2012:
2009:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1970:
1966:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1937:
1935:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:Inflammatory
1921:
1911:
1908:
1907:
1905:
1901:
1895:
1894:Tildrakizumab
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1836:
1834:
1830:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1770:
1768:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1755:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1731:
1729:
1724:
1720:
1719:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1695:Vobarilizumab
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1640:Spartalizumab
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1565:Pembrolizumab
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1540:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1525:Mogamulizumab
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1445:Crizanlizumab
1443:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1405:
1404:
1402:
1400:
1396:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1339:Andecaliximab
1337:
1336:
1334:
1332:
1328:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1268:
1266:
1262:
1256:
1252:
1249:
1248:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1231:
1228:
1227:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1200:
1197:
1196:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1003:
1002:
998:
997:
995:
991:
988:
986:
985:Immune system
982:
978:
977:immune system
974:
967:
962:
960:
955:
953:
948:
947:
944:
933:
929:
925:
921:
917:
913:
909:
902:
900:
896:
891:
887:
883:
879:
874:
869:
865:
861:
857:
853:
846:
844:
842:
838:
833:
829:
825:
821:
816:
811:
806:
801:
797:
793:
789:
782:
779:
776:
772:
771:
764:
761:
756:
752:
747:
742:
737:
732:
728:
724:
717:
710:
708:
706:
704:
702:
700:
696:
691:
687:
682:
677:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
650:
648:
644:
639:
635:
630:
625:
620:
615:
611:
607:
603:
599:
595:
588:
586:
584:
580:
575:
571:
567:
563:
558:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
518:
516:
514:
512:
510:
508:
504:
499:
495:
491:
487:
482:
477:
473:
469:
465:
458:
456:
454:
452:
450:
446:
441:
437:
431:
429:
425:
420:
414:
412:
410:
408:
406:
404:
400:
395:
391:
386:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
354:
351:
344:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
319:
317:
313:
310:
304:
302:
299:
293:
291:
286:
281:
278:
274:
272:
264:
262:
260:
250:
243:
237:
226:
224:
220:
187:
185:
181:
176:
169:
165:
164:
162:
160:
156:
149:
145:
144:
142:
140:
136:
129:
128:
126:
124:
120:
113:
109:
108:
106:
104:
100:
95:
88:
87:
85:
83:
79:
75:
71:
68:Clinical data
66:
63:
60:
58:
54:
51:
48:
46:
42:
38:
36:
32:
29:
25:
3053:Lestaurtinib
3044:
3014:
2952:Ritlecitinib
2884:Lestaurtinib
2831:Upadacitinib
2660:Fontolizumab
2651:
2636:
2615:
2604:Rontalizumab
2585:
2443:
2398:Pegacaristim
2389:
2348:
2318:
2311:M-CSF (CSF1)
2291:Mavrilimumab
2287:
2281:Sargramostim
2271:Molgramostim
2256:Ecogramostim
2252:
2225:Nartograstim
2196:
2189:G-CSF (CSF3)
2174:Peginesatide
2154:Epoetin zeta
2119:Epoetin beta
2114:Epoetin alfa
2085:
1884:Risankizumab
1869:Lebrikizumab
1849:Clazakizumab
1839:Anrukinzumab
1818:Tralokinumab
1734:Otelixizumab
1714:
1706:
1705:
1675:Tregalizumab
1660:Tislelizumab
1630:Satralizumab
1610:Rontalizumab
1605:Retifanlimab
1580:Plozalizumab
1560:Pateclizumab
1555:Pascolizumab
1550:Ozoralizumab
1500:Lampalizumab
1490:Inebilizumab
1480:Fontolizumab
1430:Camrelizumab
1425:Benralizumab
1420:Atezolizumab
1406:
1349:Clenoliximab
1250:
1234:Bertilimumab
1229:
1222:
1218:Tremelimumab
1198:
1121:Mavrilimumab
1111:Lirentelimab
1106:Lerdelimumab
1081:Fresolimumab
1021:Atorolimumab
999:
915:
911:
855:
851:
795:
791:
781:
768:
763:
729:(10): 2288.
726:
722:
663:
659:
601:
597:
531:
527:
471:
467:
439:
367:
363:
353:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
314:
311:
308:
294:
282:
279:
275:
268:
258:
257:
246:
240:
3063:Quizartinib
3058:Midostaurin
2947:Peficitinib
2909:Ruxolitinib
2904:Peficitinib
2859:Baricitinib
2821:Ruxolitinib
2816:Peficitinib
2811:Oclacitinib
2806:Momelotinib
2791:Baricitinib
2786:Abrocitinib
2694:Interleukin
2652:Antibodies:
2609:Sifalimumab
2594:Faralimomab
2589:Anifrolumab
2586:Antibodies:
2408:Romiplostim
2393:Eltrombopag
2362:SCF (c-Kit)
2288:Antibodies:
2276:Regramostim
2210:Lenograstim
1980:from market
1950:Lemalesomab
1945:Fanolesomab
1940:Besilesomab
1879:Perakizumab
1864:Mirikizumab
1854:Gevokizumab
1844:Bimekizumab
1823:Ustekinumab
1808:Secukinumab
1793:Fezakinumab
1788:Canakinumab
1783:Briakinumab
1758:Interleukin
1711:Dostarlimab
1690:Visilizumab
1685:Vedolizumab
1680:Vatelizumab
1670:Toralizumab
1665:Tocilizumab
1650:Teclistamab
1625:Samalizumab
1615:Rovelizumab
1595:Ravulizumab
1575:Pidilizumab
1570:Pexelizumab
1535:Ocrelizumab
1530:Natalizumab
1520:Mepolizumab
1510:Ligelizumab
1505:Letolizumab
1475:Etrolizumab
1465:Epratuzumab
1435:Cedelizumab
1389:Vapaliximab
1384:Teneliximab
1374:Lumiliximab
1359:Gomiliximab
1344:Basiliximab
1316:Vepalimomab
1301:Nerelimomab
1286:Gavilimomab
1281:Faralimomab
1276:Elsilimomab
1251:Combination
1244:Zanolimumab
1239:Ontamalimab
1187:Ulocuplumab
1182:Tezepelumab
1172:Sifalimumab
1152:Pamrevlumab
1131:Morolimumab
1126:Metelimumab
1096:Lanadelumab
1031:Avdoralimab
1016:Anifrolumab
770:NCT00309023
534:(1): 2141.
234: g·mol
112:934823-49-1
97:Identifiers
73:Other names
3092:Categories
3048:Emfilermin
2899:Pacritinib
2801:Filgotinib
2767:inhibitors
2655:Emapalumab
2427:Interferon
2352:Agerafenib
2342:Mirimostim
2332:Lanimostim
2266:Milodistim
2215:Leridistim
2200:Filgrastim
2041:modulators
1910:Lokivetmab
1903:Veterinary
1889:Spesolimab
1874:Olokizumab
1859:Ixekizumab
1803:Guselkumab
1798:Fletikumab
1778:Brazikumab
1773:Bermekimab
1744:Sutimlimab
1718:Ibalizumab
1655:Teplizumab
1635:Siplizumab
1620:Ruplizumab
1600:Reslizumab
1590:Quilizumab
1545:Omalizumab
1495:Itolizumab
1485:Frexalimab
1460:Efalizumab
1455:Eculizumab
1450:Daclizumab
1415:Aselizumab
1410:Apolizumab
1379:Priliximab
1364:Infliximab
1306:Odulimomab
1296:Maslimomab
1291:Inolimomab
1271:Afelimomab
1208:Durvalumab
1203:Ipilimumab
1192:Varlilumab
1162:Relatlimab
1157:Placulumab
1101:Lenzilumab
1076:Emapalumab
1061:Cemiplimab
1046:Brodalumab
1041:Bleselumab
1011:Adalimumab
873:1805/14978
798:(1): 415.
436:"Urelumab"
345:References
223:Molar mass
148:230902QLLC
123:ChemSpider
103:CAS Number
76:BMS-663513
3073:Sunitinib
3068:Sorafenib
2977:ZM-449829
2967:WHI-P 154
2957:TCS-21311
2894:NSC-33994
2849:Atiprimod
2637:Agonists:
2619:Bifarcept
2444:Agonists:
2390:Agonists:
2322:Cilmostim
2319:Agonists:
2296:Namilumab
2253:Agonists:
2197:Agonists:
2086:Agonists:
2049:Chemokine
1990:Phase III
1978:Withdrawn
1955:Sulesomab
1832:Humanized
1813:Sirukumab
1645:Talizumab
1470:Erlizumab
1399:Humanized
1369:Keliximab
1354:Galiximab
1213:Nivolumab
1177:Tabalumab
1167:Sarilumab
1141:Oleclumab
1136:Namilumab
1116:Lirilumab
1091:Ianalumab
1086:Golimumab
1071:Eldelumab
1066:Dupilumab
1036:Belimumab
1006:Abrilumab
932:228992726
832:255963562
574:256641802
498:210882192
273:(4-1BB).
2972:ZM-39923
2889:NSC-7908
2854:AZD-1480
2745:instead.
2725:instead.
2705:instead.
2681:instead.
2599:MEDI-545
2373:instead.
2301:Otilimab
2104:CNTO-530
2060:instead.
1331:Chimeric
1223:Urelumab
1146:Oxelumab
1056:Carlumab
1026:Avelumab
975:for the
890:19275490
882:27756788
824:36076251
755:34064598
690:25908780
638:34172583
566:31105267
490:31974274
394:32052473
259:Urelumab
249:(verify)
82:ATC code
21:Urelumab
2914:SD-1008
2089:ARA-290
1925:lesions
1700:TGN1412
1585:PRO 140
815:9461191
746:8150789
723:Cancers
681:5422104
629:8255787
606:Bibcode
557:6526162
536:Bibcode
385:7383599
184:Formula
3008:Others
2874:CYT387
2864:CHZ868
2753:Others
2509:IFNA21
2505:IFNA17
2501:IFNA16
2497:IFNA14
2493:IFNA13
2489:IFNA10
1973:WHO-EM
1715:Other:
930:
888:
880:
830:
822:
812:
753:
743:
688:
678:
636:
626:
604:(26).
572:
564:
554:
496:
488:
392:
382:
168:D09984
57:Target
45:Source
2548:IFNB3
2544:IFNB1
2485:IFNA8
2481:IFNA7
2477:IFNA6
2473:IFNA5
2469:IFNA4
2465:IFNA2
2461:IFNA1
1933:Mouse
1766:Human
1264:Mouse
1230:Other
993:Human
928:S2CID
886:S2CID
828:S2CID
719:(PDF)
570:S2CID
494:S2CID
271:CD137
62:CD137
50:Human
2987:TYK2
2929:JAK3
2841:JAK2
2778:JAK1
2743:here
2741:See
2723:here
2721:See
2714:TGFβ
2703:here
2701:See
2679:here
2371:here
2369:See
2058:here
2056:See
878:PMID
820:PMID
751:PMID
686:PMID
634:PMID
562:PMID
486:PMID
390:PMID
210:2030
204:1712
198:9972
192:6502
159:KEGG
139:UNII
130:none
89:none
35:Type
2761:JAK
2734:TNF
2069:CSF
920:doi
868:hdl
860:doi
810:PMC
800:doi
741:PMC
731:doi
676:PMC
668:doi
624:PMC
614:doi
602:118
552:PMC
544:doi
476:doi
380:PMC
372:doi
232:.89
230:015
228:146
3094::
2546:,
2507:,
2503:,
2499:,
2495:,
2491:,
2487:,
2483:,
2479:,
2475:,
2471:,
2467:,
2463:,
1986::
1709::
1253::
1232::
1201::
1004::
926:.
914:.
910:.
898:^
884:.
876:.
866:.
856:23
854:.
840:^
826:.
818:.
808:.
796:20
794:.
790:.
749:.
739:.
727:13
725:.
721:.
698:^
684:.
674:.
664:21
662:.
658:.
646:^
632:.
622:.
612:.
600:.
596:.
582:^
568:.
560:.
550:.
542:.
532:10
530:.
526:.
506:^
492:.
484:.
472:19
470:.
466:.
448:^
438:.
427:^
402:^
388:.
378:.
368:95
366:.
362:.
216:44
2769:)
2765:(
2550:)
2542:(
2511:)
2459:(
2030:e
2023:t
2016:v
1541:)
1537:(
1148:§
965:e
958:t
951:v
934:.
922::
916:8
892:.
870::
862::
834:.
802::
757:.
733::
692:.
670::
640:.
616::
608::
576:.
546::
538::
500:.
478::
442:.
421:.
396:.
374::
213:S
207:O
201:N
195:H
189:C
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