Knowledge (XXG)

2243:: "(a) When a word or, more often, an expression is still felt to be foreign (and an objective decision is not always possible), all diacritics should be retained, e.g.: aide-mémoire, ancien régime, à la mode, Aufklärung, la belle époque, bête noire, cause célèbre, déjà vu, éminence grise, Führer, lycée, maître d’hôtel, papier mâché, pièce de résistance, più, raison d’être, señor, succès de scandale, tête-à-tête (b) Words ending in -é retain their accent: blasé, café, cliché, communiqué, exposé, fiancé (also fiancée). In such words, any other accents are also retained, e.g.: émigré, pâté, protégé, résumé. We recommend that, except as provided for in (b) above, diacritics should be dropped in the case of words that have passed into regular English usage, e.g.: chateau, cortege, creche, crepe, debacle, debris, decor, denouement, detente, echelon, elite, fete, hotel, matinee, naive, precis, premiere, regime, role, seance, soiree Accents should be retained on capitals in languages other than English, e.g.: le Moyen Âge, Éire, el Éufrates, Ólafsson. However, the French preposition à may drop the accent when capitalized (A bientôt! ‘See you soon!’)." 2204:: "Foreign words, phrases, or titles that occur in an English-language work must include any special characters that appear in the original language. Those languages that use the Latin alphabet may include letters with accents (diacritical marks), ligatures, and, in some cases, alphabetical forms that do not normally occur in English." "Although French publishers often omit accents on capital letters (especially A) and may set the ligature Œ as two separate letters (OE), all the special characters needed for French—including capitalized forms—are available in most software and in most fonts, and they should appear where needed in English works. This practice, advocated by the Académie française, is helpful to readers who may not be familiar with French typographic usage." "Although umlauted vowels are occasionally represented by omitting the accent and adding an e (ae, Oe, etc.), the availability of umlauted characters in text-editing software makes such a practice unnecessary." "Accented capitals, sometimes dropped in Portuguese running text, should always be used when Portuguese is presented in an English context." 2218:: "Recent digital technology has made it possible for any typographer to create special characters on demand — a luxury most have been without since the seventeenth century. Prepackaged fonts of impeccable design, with character sets sufficient to set any word or name in any European and many Asian languages, and the software to compose and kern these characters, are also now available even to the smallest home and desktop operations. Yet there are large-circulation newspapers in North America still unwilling to spell correctly even the names of major cities, composers and statesmen, or the annual list of winners of the Nobel Prize, for fear of letters like ñ and é. Neither typographers nor their tools should labor under the sad misapprehension that no one will enjoy or even mention crêpes flambées or aïoli, no one will have a name like Antonín Dvořák, Søren Kierkegaard, Stéphane Mallarmé or Chloë Jones, and no one will live in Óbidos or Århus, in Kroměříž or Øster Vrå, Průhonice, Nagykőrös, Dalasýsla, Kırkağaç or Köln." 2157:: "Accent marks are used for French, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese and German words and names. Do not use accents in words or names from other languages (Slavic and Scandinavian ones, for example), which are less familiar to most American writers, editors and readers; such marks would be prone to error, and type fonts often lack characters necessary for consistency. Some foreign words that enter the English language keep their accent marks (protégé, résumé), others lose them (cafe, facade). The dictionary governs spellings, except for those shown in this manual. In the name of a United States resident, use or omit accents as the bearer does; when in doubt, omit them. (Exception: Use accents in Spanish names of Puerto Rico residents.) Some news wires replace the umlaut with an e after the affected vowel. Normally undo that spelling, but check before altering a personal name; some individual Germans use the e form." 2180:: "English words once spelled with accent marks (eg, cooperate, preeminent) now are written and printed without them. Consult the most recent edition of Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary to resolve questions about whether a word should retain its accent. In general, English words in common usage should be spelled without diacritical marks. Accent marks should always be retained in the following instances: Proper names: Dr Bönneman is a Pew Scholar in the Biomedical Sciences When it is desirable to show the correct spelling in the original language: Köln (Cologne) In quotations: "Más vale pájaro en mano que cientos volando" In terms in which accent marks are retained in current use (consult dictionaries) To show pronunciation and syllabic emphasis" 2210:: "For foreign words that have become common in English, no common rules can be given for when to retain an accent, or diacritic, and when to drop it. The language is in flux. It is becoming more common, for example, to see the acute accent and diacritics being dropped from the words cliché, café, and naïve--thus, cliche, cafe, and naive. In many cases, the accent should be retained to avoid misreading: for instance résumé (or resumé) instead of resume; pâté instead of pate Accents and diacritics should be retained in foreign place names (such as São Paulo, Göttingen, and Córdoba) and personal names (such as Salvador Dalí, Molière, and Karel Čapek)." 2033:: "Use standard orthographies, including diacritical marks, and explain unusual symbols For both journals, include all common accents for French, Spanish, Portuguese, German, etc., in the text and in the References Cited section. Be sure the accents are clearly marked, accurate, and consistent. Pay particular attention to proper names and titles of works (the rules of placement of accents in Spanish hold for all place names in Spanish, even on words that were hispanicized from other languages such as Nahuatl or Mayan, except for words that have accepted English spellings). Examples: Teotihuacan, Chichén Itzá, Copán, Kaminaljuyú." 2165:: "Give French, Spanish, Portuguese, German, Italian, Irish and Ancient Greek words their proper accents and diacritical marks; omit in other languages unless you are sure of them. Accents should be used in headlines and on capital letters. With Anglicised words, no need for accents in foreign words that have taken English nationality (hotel, depot, debacle, elite, regime etc), but keep the accent when it makes a crucial difference to pronunciation or understanding - café, communiqué, détente, émigré, façade, fête, fiancée, mêlée, métier, pâté, protégé, raison d'être; also note vis-à-vis." 2141:: "On words now accepted as English, use accents only when they make a crucial difference to pronunciation: cliché, soupçon, façade, café, communiqué, exposé (but chateau, decor, elite, feted, naive). If you use one accent (except the tilde—strictly, a diacritical sign), use all: émigré, mêlée, protégé, résumé. Put the accents and cedillas on French names and words, umlauts on German ones, accents and tildes on Spanish ones, and accents, cedillas and tildes on Portuguese ones: Françoise de Panafieu, Wolfgang Schäuble, Federico Peña. Leave the accents off other foreign names." 2107:: "The Library has consistently followed a policy of reproducing the bibliographic information in as precise a form as possible. This has meant reproducing all diacritical marks and special characters used in other roman alphabet languages and other alphabets where needed." "Note: Prior to January 2006 catalogers did not add a diacritic to initial capital letters in French, Spanish, and Portuguese. This exception no longer applies. With respect to capital letters appearing at the beginning of names or words, add diacritics according to the usage of the language." 1873:: The primary purpose of an encyclopedia is to provide accurate and trustworthy information. The reproduction of popular but less accurate and informative spellings can be seen as withholding of information or spreading of common misconceptions, and as such contradictory with an encyclopedia's educational goal. The information contained in the diacritical marks is important in many ways. It does not merely educate the reader in the correct spelling, but also in the proper pronunciation. Often the marks make a crucial difference. 1989:: "Because many manuscripts are now being prepared with word processing systems that contain software with special characters (including diacritical marks and alphabetical characters that do not normally occur in English), use these characters when keyboarding foreign words. Try to maintain consistency throughout the manuscript: If special characters are used for some words, they should be used for all words that conventionally would be accented (Québec, Montréal, Palais des Congrès de Montréal, l'Hôtel-Dieu)." 2196:: " The best way to ensure that information is accurate and complete is to check each reference carefully against the original publication. Give special attention to spelling of proper names and of words in foreign languages, including accents or other special marks Special characters are accented letters and other diacriticals, Greek letters, math signs, and symbols. Type all special characters that you can, using the special character functions of your word-processing program." 2025:"Modern style is to retain accents on French capital letters, especially in French place-names, as in Île de la Cité. The word à does not carry an accent when capitalized. In Spanish retain accents on capital letters. Use accents on American Indian words as well as on words of other indigenous peoples if the language is written in the Latin alphabet. Although Vietnamese is written in the Latin alphabet, the number of accent marks can be distracting and may therefore be omitted." 1983:: "Names of authors are given according to the preferences of the author(s)—full names (not initials) are encouraged. The spelling of names of foreign authors is in the native spelling with diacritical marks (if present) Retain diacritical marks in authors’ names, street addresses, and literature citations. Do not use them for names of cities and countries, unless there is no English equivalent (e.g., use “Spain,” not “España,” or use “Cologne,” not “Koln”)." 1970:: "German: Use ß (eszett) for ss, but only in lower case (and note that not all ss are ß); in caps (and small caps), SS is always used. Use umlauts over ä, ö and ü rather than using the respective diphthongs ae, oe and ue. Remember that, in German, all nouns have initial caps (e.g. ein Haus, das Sein) and they should retain these when italicized. French: Upper-case letters carry accents, e.g. RÉSUMÉ. The exception is the preposition à, e.g. A la porte." 2019:"Place-names from foreign languages appear in roman; retain diacritical marks if original is from a Latin alphabet except in commonly anglicized names: Montreal, Quebec, Istanbul. If a place-name is transliterated from a non-Latin alphabet, diacritical marks are generally not used except on atlas and supplement maps. Place-names from Arabic or Cyrillic follow the common anglicized spellings. Follow NGS atlas, then the Board on Geographic Names." 2149:: "Use on French, German, Portuguese, Spanish and Irish Gaelic words (but not anglicised French words such as cafe, apart from exposé, lamé, résumé, roué). People's names, in whatever language, should also be given appropriate accents where known. Thus: "Arsène Wenger was on holiday in Bogotá with Rafa Benítez" "Try to include diacritical marks if bands use them in their name, no matter how absurd: Maxïmo Park, Mötley Crüe, Motörhead, etc" 2022:"Languages with Latin alphabets: Retain the original diacritical marks (accents, apostrophes, dots, cedillas, glottals, etc.) in unanglicized words in the following languages: Czech, Danish, Dutch, Finnish, French, German, Hawaiian, Hungarian, Icelandic, Irish, Italian, Latvian, Norwegian, Polish, Portuguese, Slovak, Spanish, Swedish, and Turkish. Some anglicized terms from these languages also retain their accents (follow Webster’s)." 114: 1831:: External practice can be an argument both for and against diacritics. Online newspapers, which often equate to most or only English-language sources available, tend to omit the marks due to the technological issues with wire services, to reduce the workload and meet the deadlines, to avoid using them incorrectly or inconsistently or to target an American rather than international audience. Many newspapers blame the 1767:: Consistency in the usage of diacritics is recommended by practically all English style guides that have commented on the matter. Case-by-case use of the most common spelling inevitably leads to heavy inconsistency, which can mislead the reader by wrongly insinuating that a name has been anglicized or does not have any diacritical marks. It would be detrimental to the encyclopedia to confuse some of the 2251:: "With names - most often foreign names - containing diacritics (accent marks), you should reproduce those diacritics faithfully. Today almost any word processor can produce the commoner diacritics. So, the Spanish Basque golfer is José María Olazábal; the Turkish patriot is Mustafa Kemal Atatürk; the French politician is François Mitterrand; and the English novelist is Charlotte Brontë." 2226:: "If your publication has the time and resources to use accents and other diacritical marks correctly, go for it. But I maintain that it's impossible to use them consistently and correctly in a deadline-intensive medium such as daily newspaper journalism. If you can't use them consistently and correctly, you shouldn't use them at all." 35: 2039:: "When reproducing foreign words it is important to include the diacritical marks that are placed in various languages above or beneath certain letters (e.g. tilde in Spanish) and that have the effect of modifying their pronunciation. However, the hamza (') and ayn (`) are not used in Arabic transliterations (Shiite, not Shi'ite)." 95: 165: 1850:: While the proper use of diacritics can sometimes be time-consuming for editors, the marks can be considered harmless for the readers as a diacriticless spelling (such as "Hasek") is deducible from the proper name (Hašek), but not vice versa. There is no indication that readers find the marks confusing. The 2001:: "Retain diacritics in personal names and place names if the names have not been anglicized. Word-processing programs now offer a wide variety of characters combining letters and the applicable diacritics, but such characters must be checked after typesetting to ensure that the desired characters appear." 1835: 1730: 2016:"Foreign terms that have not become anglicized should be set in italics on first use and given proper accents if from a Latin alphabet. A word may become roman and still keep its diacritical mark: mañana. Anglicized words may be italicized on occasion to emphasize their foreign flavor: mañana, kat." 1856: 164: 389: 1944:: "All non-English words should be in italic script, and along with all non-English names, they should be spelled with accents and diacritical marks included. Languages native to the Baltic region shall be rendered in the full orthographic shape, including diacritics and special letters." 299:. The form preferred by most English-language sources is commonly used. Sources typically keep the diacritical marks when they make a crucial difference to pronunciation or help avoid confusion. Often sources are divided and both forms are considered acceptable, as is the case with 2064:: "A surname, even of several words, should always be given in full. Accents and other diacritical signs should be retained where they are known. Accents are omitted from Spanish names in block capitals, with the exception of the Spanish tilde (Ñ), which must be retained." 3530:"AP style change: Use accent marks or other diacritical marks with names of people who request them or are widely known to use them, or if quoting directly in a language that uses them: An immigration officer spotted him and asked a question: "Cómo estás?" How are you?" 2007:: "Use accents in anglicized non-English terms when important for pronunciation, to avoid confusion with another word, or where context makes it unclear. Use accents in non-English names, especially names of individuals. In general, lean toward the author’s preference." 1731: 2188:: "Use accent marks or other diacritical marks with names of people who request them or are widely known to use them, or if quoting directly in a language that uses them: An immigration officer spotted him and asked a question: 'Cómo estás?' How are you?" 1995:: "Accent marks: Retain when using foreign names, whether personal, geographical, or company titles Personal names: When you cite a person's name, it is important that you spell the name correctly, so check, even if the name appears to be a simple one." 2120:: "Diacritical marks are an essential part of some proper names, geographic names, and foreign words. Do not omit them. Insert them in ink if the typewriter does not have such marks. Generally, do not use diacritical marks with English words." 1720:: The proper use of diacritical marks can be considered part of being as accurate and precise as possible. The style guides of several reliable sources consider the lack of diacritics in foreign names a grammatical error or misspelling. The 187: 1952:: "Pay strict attention to diacritical marks in names and words Titles in languages using the Roman alphabet are not translated Common errors of grammar are: not putting in diacritical marks in foreign words or names." 512: 1908: 1793: 438: 1164: 579: 264: 1958:: "If your word processing program can render special characters or diacritical marks, please use them Ensure that all foreign names and words have appropriate diacritical marks." 3318: 2117: 161:. Particular care is taken to spell personal names correctly. In some other cases, such as with loanwords, the common spelling in other English sources is normally used. 3042: 1904: 1177: 597: 3449: 2794: 2359: 1980: 1187: 2101:: "Special attention must be given to precise and accurate spelling of all place names and foreign language words with full diacritical marks included." 3191: 2092: 3345: 2123: 3773: 1861: 3213: 2620: 1924: 2539: 500: 3107: 2126:: "Diacritical marks are not used with anglicized words. Foreign words carry the diacritical marks as an essential part of their spelling." 2067: 54: 3129: 145: 55: 149: 3557: 3221: 2098: 1842: 3727: 2824: 2477: 2214: 1986: 3421: 2960: 2585: 2316: 2030: 584: 2339: 1182: 602: 3099: 2076:: "Also called diacritical marks, accents are to be kept in foreign words in their original form, except in capitalized style." 484: 3468: 3012: 192: 1897:, may be considered a matter of respect. Knowingly misspelling a name could thus be both unencyclopedic and unethical. The 1836: 3732: 296: 680: 3258: 2734: 1961: 1732: 3814: 142: 47: 3681: 3675: 3648: 3642: 3615: 3609: 3582: 3576: 2933: 2707: 2642: 2516: 2510: 2200: 2010: 1955: 1838: 1816: 1803: 157: 3340: 657: 107: 1751: 3495: 2880: 1998: 1169: 1143: 589: 558: 151: 2699: 662: 146: 2756: 2677: 1940: 1858: 1194: 3164: 2463: 2086: 1726: 961: 1227: 429:– not "Martina Navrátilová" or "Stanisław Ulam" as these persons adopted naturalized spellings of their names 409:– not "Salvador Dali" or "Dominik Hasek" which are the common spellings in English (non-encyclopedia) sources 3506: 2647: 2544: 2386: 1948: 1852: 1722: 496: 3214:"CMNH Publications Authors Guide - Instructions for Authors for Contributions to Annals of Carnegie Museum" 3159: 946: 933: 277: 3764: 1801:: Support for the correct use of diacritics is overwhelming in influential English style manuals such as 1232: 1222: 488: 59: 3069: 2899: 2004: 1148: 563: 2482: 2058:: "Use the special characters available. Avoid all transliteration (‘ss’ for ‘ß’, ‘ue’ for ‘ü’, etc.)." 853: 797: 492: 229: 69: 2669: 1054: 966: 3533: 3367: 2416: 2301: 763: 758: 1199: 907: 3500: 3288: 3020: 2455: 2222: 2176: 2104: 2049: 1932: 1862: 1812: 1808: 1785: 1780: 1000: 987: 422: 3186: 1882: 784: 43: 2846: 2153: 1508: 1470: 667: 412: 255: 2894: 2095:: "Include proper use of diacritics to the extent allowed by the current keyboard capabilities." 2052:: "Personal names should retain their original accents, e.g. Grybauskaitė, Potočnik, Wallström." 1679: 1526: 1095: 858: 817: 744: 3670: 3637: 3604: 3571: 2505: 1431: 1020: 912: 349: 3722: 2590: 2089:: "Retain all diacritical markings in foreign languages—including those over capital letters." 1905: 1748: 1689: 1281: 1217: 1074: 1015: 982: 971: 212: 1964:: "Use diacritics and special letters correctly in all place-names and names of individuals." 1928:: "Please retain all foreign characters and diacritical marks necessary for proper spelling." 1436: 1426: 995: 892: 779: 768: 710: 614: 251: 225: 17: 2239: 2070:: "Respect use of accents and special characters in proper names. EXAMPLE: Zéphirin Diabré." 1832: 1694: 1684: 1658: 1541: 1531: 1503: 1276: 1250: 1204: 1041: 464: 406: 402: 360: 268: 2982: 2955: 2816: 1894: 1559: 1536: 1304: 1108: 897: 887: 632: 391: 166: 3750: 2854: 2764: 2570: 2364: 2344: 2321: 2230: 1992: 1967: 1899: 1607: 1322: 1059: 1049: 879: 113: 2729: 1625: 1513: 1454: 951: 941: 812: 386: 372: 325: 138: 2381: 1584: 1403: 1355: 1332: 874: 863: 822: 802: 792: 3529: 3047: 2430: 2055: 1807:. Along with scholarly publications, major organizations and institutions, such as the 1740: 1653: 1635: 1421: 1245: 1036: 1025: 928: 917: 695: 688: 472: 426: 204: 196: 3280: 2235:: "Diacritical marks should be added to foreign words if the author has omitted them." 1589: 1579: 1337: 1327: 1271: 1090: 1079: 726: 715: 619: 237: 3808: 3795: 3372: 2137: 1640: 1630: 1069: 839: 705: 647: 640: 609: 460: 390: 200: 1674: 1663: 1490: 1480: 1398: 1309: 1266: 1255: 62:. Some essays represent widespread norms; others only represent minority viewpoints. 3426: 3399: 2438: 2408: 2184: 2145: 1727: 1475: 1385: 1378: 1005: 242: 1874: 1485: 1373: 1286: 731: 468: 337: 208: 2928: 2786: 1564: 1459: 3787: 3454: 2877: 2247: 1612: 1360: 419:– not "Fernão de Magalhães" or "Napoléon" as these persons have anglicized names 3422:"Guardian Style: brilliant, not controversial, and not many exclamation marks!" 3137: 2073: 1772: 1768: 1554: 1408: 1299: 1113: 1103: 749: 739: 446: 395: 3310: 329: 3708: 3552: 3473: 2278: 2192: 2161: 442: 169:, knowingly misspelling a name could be both unencyclopedic and unethical). 104: 3243: 2612: 1602: 366: 333: 2295: 3394: 1449: 454: 450: 416: 311: 1936:: "All manuscripts must: have correct diacritics for non-English words" 3537: 2272: 1823:, stress the importance of including the appropriate diacritical marks. 1776: 1350: 1153: 568: 354: 300: 2990: 2036: 1820: 315: 3705: 155:, and with the recommendations of influential style guides such as 3244:"Special Characters and Diacritical Marks Used in Roman Alphabets" 307: 112: 3077: 2567: 2061: 319: 281: 126: 122: 118: 2817:"American Sociological Association Style Guide - Third Edition" 1713: 89: 29: 3792: 3070:"IAEA Style Manual for Publications and Documents in English" 3553: 232:, diacritical marks are used as they appear in the source. 143: 48: 2376: 2374: 1893:: Correct spelling of proper names, especially those of 77: 2333: 2331: 385: 3130:"The World Bank Translation Guide - English Edition" 2478:"Few Newspapers Use 'Accent' Marks -- Some Blame AP" 2700:"University of Alabama Press Manuscript Guidelines" 137:is considered by many editors an important part of 3319:United States Agency for International Development 2540:"Sacré bleu! Readers want their diacritical marks" 2118:United States Agency for International Development 1902:'s Guide to International Business Communications 527:Partial/incorrect diacritics or a different name 3747:Merriam-Webster's Manual for Writers and Editors 103:Knowledge (XXG), like other encyclopedias, uses 2643:"Bioscience Horizons - Style Guide for Authors" 3341:"U.S. Government Printing Office Style Manual" 8: 3450:The New York Times Manual of Style and Usage 2450: 2448: 265:"Nobel committee head Thorbjoern Jagland..." 2290: 2288: 278:"Visit to NATO by Mr. Thorbjörn Jagland..." 3251:Library Resources & Technical Services 2795:American Society for Horticultural Science 1981:American Society for Horticultural Science 1759:(The Lost Assholes) in Chicago newspapers. 3192:Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library 2360:Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary 2266: 2264: 2093:Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library 1885:not like "Jerry Novak" ("Yirzhi Novaak"). 3346:United States Government Printing Office 2124:United States Government Printing Office 1871:Informativeness / pronunciation guidance 1128: 543: 515: 56:Knowledge (XXG)'s policies or guidelines 3013:"English Style Guide - Seventh edition" 2670:"Journal of Baltic Studies Style Guide" 2340:Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary 2260: 1975:Educational and scientific institutions 3774:Modern Humanities Research Association 2923: 2921: 2919: 2917: 2506:"5.220 Good usage versus common usage" 2208:The Christian Writer's Manual of Style 3671:"11.71 Portuguese special characters" 2621:American Journal of International Law 1925:American Journal of International Law 7: 3108:United Nations Development Programme 2068:United Nations Development Programme 1918:Academic publications and publishers 252:"Questions for Thorbjorn Jagland..." 3395:"Guardian and Observer style guide" 2895:"IEEE Computer Society Style Guide" 2757:"Wiley-Blackwell House Style Guide" 2413:A Philological Approach to Buddhism 3558:American Psychological Association 3222:Carnegie Museum of Natural History 2929:"National Geographic Style Manual" 2099:Carnegie Museum of Natural History 60:thoroughly vetted by the community 25: 3728:The Elements of Typographic Style 3638:"11.48 German special characters" 3605:"11.40 French special characters" 2825:American Sociological Association 2233:'s Manual for Writers and Editors 2215:The Elements of Typographic Style 1987:American Sociological Association 3496:"12.2 Accent Marks (Diacritics)" 3043:"Interinstitutional Style Guide" 2961:Society for American Archaeology 2317:Chambers Biographical Dictionary 2031:Society for American Archaeology 1877:is not pronounced like the verb 93: 33: 27:Essay on editing Knowledge (XXG) 3528:@APStylebook (April 2, 2019). 3733:Hartley & Marks Publishers 3160:"Guide to Museum Publications" 1: 3281:"Cataloging Service Bulletin" 2847:"British Council Style Guide" 2538:Reust, Frank (22 June 2011). 18:User:Prolog/Diacritical marks 3259:American Library Association 2735:University of Virginia Press 2328: 1962:University of Virginia Press 533:No entry available/accessed 501:Mekanïk Destruktïw Kommandöh 394:(compare to capitalization: 195:volunteers were seen eating 3682:University of Chicago Press 3676:The Chicago Manual of Style 3649:University of Chicago Press 3643:The Chicago Manual of Style 3616:University of Chicago Press 3610:The Chicago Manual of Style 3583:University of Chicago Press 3577:The Chicago Manual of Style 3368:"The Economist Style Guide" 2934:National Geographic Society 2708:University of Alabama Press 2517:University of Chicago Press 2511:The Chicago Manual of Style 2201:The Chicago Manual of Style 2044:International organizations 2011:National Geographic Society 1956:University of Alabama Press 1839:The Chicago Manual of Style 1817:National Geographic Society 1804:The Chicago Manual of Style 1789:, writes in his style book 158:The Chicago Manual of Style 147:verifiable reliable sources 3831: 3572:"11.12 Special characters" 2881:Council of Science Editors 2584:Colón, Aly (1 July 2004). 2382:"Instructions for Authors" 2297:The Macmillan Encyclopedia 1999:Council of Science Editors 1859:foreign character template 1848:Harmlessness / net benefit 67: 2956:"SAA Journal Style Guide" 2730:"Guide to MS Preparation" 2678:Journal of Baltic Studies 1941:Journal of Baltic Studies 1733:Afrikaanse Hoër Seunskool 1137: 1134: 1131: 552: 549: 546: 518: 3165:Art Institute of Chicago 2464:McGraw-Hill Professional 2131:Newspapers and magazines 2087:Art Institute of Chicago 1755:(The Lost Years) became 220:Citations and quotations 193:Médecins Sans Frontières 101:This page in a nutshell: 3703:Hudson, Robert (2004). 3507:Oxford University Press 2648:Oxford University Press 2545:St. Louis Post-Dispatch 2387:Journal of Paleontology 1949:Journal of Paleontology 1853:St. Louis Post-Dispatch 1723:Journal of Paleontology 685:Bjørnson, Bjørnstjerne 675:Bjørnson, Bjørnstjerne 139:writing an encyclopedia 3815:Knowledge (XXG) essays 3776:. 2008. pp. 14–15, 33. 2483:Editor & Publisher 700:Bjørnson Bjørnstjerne 681:Björnson, Björnstjerne 672:Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson 130: 3560:. 2010. pp. 180, 229. 2900:IEEE Computer Society 2081:Libraries and museums 2005:IEEE Computer Society 1735:is not the Afrikaans 696:Björnson Björnstjerne 689:Bjørnson Bjørnstjerne 668:Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson 663:Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson 658:Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson 508:Other reference works 117:The modified letters 116: 58:, as it has not been 3469:"Online Style Guide" 2586:"Accent on Accuracy" 2460:Lapsing Into a Comma 2435:Watching My Language 2417:University of London 2223:Lapsing Into a Comma 1791:Lapsing Into a Comma 1745:Watching My Language 1739:School for Boys. In 1263:Kishinev (Chişinǎu) 992:Milošević, Slobodan 979:Milošević, Slobodan 129:on a German keyboard 3501:AMA Manual of Style 3289:Library of Congress 3187:"Processing Manual" 3100:"UNDP Style Manual" 3021:European Commission 2787:"ASHS Style Manual" 2177:AMA Manual of Style 2105:Library of Congress 2050:European Commission 1933:Bioscience Horizons 1813:Library of Congress 1809:European Commission 1786:The Washington Post 1287:Kishinev (Chişinău) 1010:Milošević Slobodan 1001:Milosevic, Slobodan 988:Milošević, Slobodan 983:Milošević, Slobodan 976:Slobodan Milošević 789:Ceauşescu, Nicolae 776:Ceauşescu, Nicolae 423:Martina Navratilova 295:Some English words 238:"Thorbjørn Jagland" 183:Bands, brands, etc. 133:The correct use of 3723:Bringhurst, Robert 2613:"AJIL Style Guide" 2302:Market House Books 2154:The New York Times 1895:living individuals 1783:, a copy chief at 1006:Milosevic Slobodan 996:Milošević Slobodan 972:Slobodan Milošević 967:Slobodan Milošević 962:Slobodan Milošević 807:Ceauşescu Nicolae 798:Ceauşescu, Nicolae 785:Ceausescu, Nicolae 780:Ceauşescu, Nicolae 773:Nicolae Ceauşescu 413:Ferdinand Magellan 256:The New York Times 131: 2591:Poynter Institute 2486:. 22 October 2006 2112:National agencies 1906:Poynter Institute 1857:In the past, the 1829:External practice 1757:Los Anos Perdidos 1753:Los Años Perdidos 1749:James D. McCawley 1706: 1705: 1240:České Budějovice 1237:Ceske Budejovice 1212:České Budějovice 1209:České Budějovice 1165:American Heritage 1122: 1121: 803:Ceauşescu Nicolae 793:Ceauşescu Nicolae 769:Nicolae Ceauşescu 764:Nicolae Ceaușescu 759:Nicolae Ceaușescu 580:American Heritage 537: 536: 497:À nous la liberté 213:Helsinki Ice Hall 135:diacritical marks 111: 110: 105:diacritical marks 88: 87: 16:(Redirected from 3822: 3800: 3799: 3784: 3778: 3777: 3771: 3766:MHRA Style Guide 3761: 3755: 3754: 3743: 3737: 3736: 3719: 3713: 3712: 3700: 3694: 3693: 3691: 3689: 3667: 3661: 3660: 3658: 3656: 3634: 3628: 3627: 3625: 3623: 3601: 3595: 3594: 3592: 3590: 3568: 3562: 3561: 3548: 3542: 3541: 3525: 3519: 3518: 3516: 3514: 3492: 3486: 3485: 3483: 3481: 3465: 3459: 3458: 3445: 3439: 3438: 3436: 3434: 3418: 3412: 3411: 3409: 3407: 3391: 3385: 3384: 3382: 3380: 3364: 3358: 3357: 3355: 3353: 3337: 3331: 3330: 3328: 3326: 3315: 3307: 3301: 3300: 3298: 3296: 3285: 3277: 3271: 3270: 3268: 3266: 3248: 3240: 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2312: 2306: 2305: 2292: 2283: 2282: 2268: 2240:MHRA Style Guide 1863:Gerhard Schröder 1833:Associated Press 1233:České Budějovice 1228:České Budějovice 1223:České Budějovice 1218:České Budějovice 1205:České Budějovice 1200:České Budějovice 1195:České Budějovice 1129: 544: 524:Full diacritics 516: 489:Garçon à la pipe 387:reliable sources 286: 273: 269:The Courier-Mail 260: 247: 97: 96: 90: 80: 37: 36: 30: 21: 3830: 3829: 3825: 3824: 3823: 3821: 3820: 3819: 3805: 3804: 3803: 3786: 3785: 3781: 3769: 3763: 3762: 3758: 3753:. 1998. p. 289. 3751:Merriam-Webster 3745: 3744: 3740: 3721: 3720: 3716: 3702: 3701: 3697: 3687: 3685: 3669: 3668: 3664: 3654: 3652: 3636: 3635: 3631: 3621: 3619: 3603: 3602: 3598: 3588: 3586: 3570: 3569: 3565: 3550: 3549: 3545: 3527: 3526: 3522: 3512: 3510: 3494: 3493: 3489: 3479: 3477: 3467: 3466: 3462: 3447: 3446: 3442: 3432: 3430: 3420: 3419: 3415: 3405: 3403: 3393: 3392: 3388: 3378: 3376: 3366: 3365: 3361: 3351: 3349: 3339: 3338: 3334: 3324: 3322: 3313: 3309: 3308: 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2471: 2454: 2453: 2446: 2431:Safire, William 2429: 2428: 2424: 2407: 2406: 2402: 2392: 2390: 2380: 2379: 2372: 2365:Merriam-Webster 2357: 2356: 2352: 2345:Merriam-Webster 2337: 2336: 2329: 2322:Chambers Harrap 2314: 2313: 2309: 2294: 2293: 2286: 2270: 2269: 2262: 2258: 2231:Merriam-Webster 2172: 2133: 2114: 2083: 2046: 1993:British Council 1977: 1968:Wiley-Blackwell 1920: 1915: 1913:External guides 1900:Merriam-Webster 1799:External guides 1711: 1188:Webster's Geog. 1183:Webster's Coll. 1127: 603:Webster's Coll. 542: 510: 493:Götterdämmerung 482: 436: 383: 347: 297:have diacritics 293: 276: 263: 250: 236: 222: 185: 180: 178:Knowledge (XXG) 175: 94: 84: 83: 76: 72: 64: 63: 34: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 3828: 3826: 3818: 3817: 3807: 3806: 3802: 3801: 3779: 3756: 3738: 3714: 3695: 3662: 3629: 3596: 3563: 3543: 3520: 3487: 3460: 3440: 3413: 3386: 3359: 3332: 3302: 3272: 3235: 3205: 3178: 3151: 3121: 3091: 3061: 3048:European Union 3034: 3004: 2983:"Style Manual" 2974: 2947: 2913: 2886: 2883:. 2006. p. 65. 2868: 2838: 2808: 2778: 2748: 2721: 2691: 2661: 2634: 2604: 2576: 2573:. 1999. p. 69. 2558: 2530: 2497: 2469: 2444: 2422: 2400: 2370: 2350: 2327: 2307: 2284: 2259: 2257: 2254: 2253: 2252: 2248:Mind the Gaffe 2244: 2236: 2227: 2219: 2211: 2205: 2197: 2189: 2181: 2171: 2168: 2167: 2166: 2158: 2150: 2142: 2132: 2129: 2128: 2127: 2121: 2113: 2110: 2109: 2108: 2102: 2096: 2090: 2082: 2079: 2078: 2077: 2071: 2065: 2059: 2056:European Union 2053: 2045: 2042: 2041: 2040: 2034: 2028: 2027: 2026: 2023: 2020: 2017: 2008: 2002: 1996: 1990: 1984: 1976: 1973: 1972: 1971: 1965: 1959: 1953: 1945: 1937: 1929: 1919: 1916: 1914: 1911: 1910: 1909: 1887: 1886: 1867: 1866: 1844: 1843: 1825: 1824: 1795: 1794: 1761: 1760: 1741:William Safire 1710: 1707: 1704: 1703: 1700: 1697: 1692: 1687: 1682: 1677: 1672: 1669: 1666: 1661: 1656: 1650: 1649: 1646: 1643: 1638: 1633: 1628: 1623: 1621: 1618: 1615: 1610: 1605: 1599: 1598: 1595: 1592: 1587: 1582: 1577: 1575: 1573: 1570: 1567: 1562: 1557: 1551: 1550: 1549:Saint-Étienne 1547: 1546:Saint-Étienne 1544: 1539: 1534: 1529: 1524: 1522: 1519: 1518:Saint-Étienne 1516: 1511: 1506: 1500: 1499: 1496: 1493: 1488: 1486:Pilsen (Plzeň) 1483: 1478: 1473: 1468: 1465: 1462: 1457: 1452: 1446: 1445: 1442: 1439: 1434: 1429: 1424: 1419: 1417: 1414: 1411: 1406: 1401: 1395: 1394: 1391: 1388: 1383: 1381: 1376: 1371: 1369: 1366: 1363: 1358: 1353: 1347: 1346: 1343: 1340: 1335: 1330: 1325: 1320: 1318: 1315: 1312: 1307: 1302: 1296: 1295: 1292: 1289: 1284: 1279: 1274: 1269: 1264: 1261: 1258: 1253: 1248: 1242: 1241: 1238: 1235: 1230: 1225: 1220: 1215: 1213: 1210: 1207: 1202: 1197: 1191: 1190: 1185: 1180: 1175: 1172: 1167: 1162: 1159: 1156: 1151: 1146: 1140: 1139: 1136: 1135:Encyclopedias 1133: 1126: 1123: 1120: 1119: 1116: 1111: 1106: 1101: 1098: 1093: 1088: 1085: 1082: 1077: 1072: 1066: 1065: 1062: 1057: 1052: 1047: 1044: 1039: 1034: 1031: 1028: 1023: 1018: 1012: 1011: 1008: 1003: 998: 993: 990: 985: 980: 977: 974: 969: 964: 958: 957: 954: 949: 944: 939: 936: 931: 926: 923: 920: 915: 910: 904: 903: 900: 895: 890: 885: 884:Janáček, Leoš 882: 877: 872: 871:Janáček, Leoš 869: 866: 861: 856: 850: 849: 846: 844: 842: 837: 836:Çiller, Tansu 834: 832: 830: 828: 825: 820: 815: 809: 808: 805: 800: 795: 790: 787: 782: 777: 774: 771: 766: 761: 755: 754: 752: 747: 742: 737: 734: 729: 724: 721: 718: 713: 708: 702: 701: 698: 693: 691: 686: 683: 678: 676: 673: 670: 665: 660: 654: 653: 650: 645: 643: 638: 635: 630: 628: 625: 622: 617: 612: 606: 605: 600: 595: 592: 587: 585:Chambers Biog. 582: 577: 574: 571: 566: 561: 555: 554: 551: 550:Encyclopedias 548: 541: 538: 535: 534: 531: 530:No diacritics 528: 525: 521: 520: 519:Colour coding 509: 506: 505: 504: 481: 478: 477: 476: 458: 435: 432: 431: 430: 427:Stanislaw Ulam 420: 410: 392:living subject 382: 379: 378: 377: 346: 343: 342: 341: 323: 292: 289: 288: 287: 274: 261: 248: 221: 218: 217: 216: 184: 181: 179: 176: 174: 171: 109: 108: 98: 86: 85: 82: 81: 73: 68: 65: 53: 52: 40: 38: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3827: 3816: 3813: 3812: 3810: 3797: 3796:Penguin Books 3793: 3789: 3783: 3780: 3775: 3768: 3767: 3760: 3757: 3752: 3748: 3742: 3739: 3734: 3730: 3729: 3724: 3718: 3715: 3710: 3706: 3699: 3696: 3683: 3679: 3677: 3672: 3666: 3663: 3650: 3646: 3644: 3639: 3633: 3630: 3617: 3613: 3611: 3606: 3600: 3597: 3584: 3580: 3578: 3573: 3567: 3564: 3559: 3555: 3554: 3547: 3544: 3539: 3535: 3531: 3524: 3521: 3508: 3504: 3502: 3497: 3491: 3488: 3476: 3475: 3470: 3464: 3461: 3457:. 1999. p. 6. 3456: 3452: 3451: 3444: 3441: 3429: 3428: 3423: 3417: 3414: 3402: 3401: 3396: 3390: 3387: 3375: 3374: 3373:The Economist 3369: 3363: 3360: 3348: 3347: 3342: 3336: 3333: 3321: 3320: 3312: 3311:"Handbook 21" 3306: 3303: 3291: 3290: 3282: 3276: 3273: 3260: 3256: 3252: 3245: 3239: 3236: 3224: 3223: 3215: 3209: 3206: 3194: 3193: 3188: 3182: 3179: 3167: 3166: 3161: 3155: 3152: 3140: 3139: 3131: 3125: 3122: 3110: 3109: 3101: 3095: 3092: 3080: 3079: 3071: 3065: 3062: 3050: 3049: 3044: 3038: 3035: 3023: 3022: 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L. 3782: 3765: 3759: 3746: 3741: 3726: 3717: 3704: 3698: 3686:. Retrieved 3674: 3665: 3653:. Retrieved 3641: 3632: 3620:. Retrieved 3608: 3599: 3587:. Retrieved 3575: 3566: 3551: 3546: 3523: 3511:. Retrieved 3499: 3490: 3478:. Retrieved 3472: 3463: 3448: 3443: 3431:. Retrieved 3427:The Guardian 3425: 3416: 3404:. Retrieved 3400:The Guardian 3398: 3389: 3377:. Retrieved 3371: 3362: 3350:. Retrieved 3344: 3335: 3323:. Retrieved 3317: 3305: 3293:. Retrieved 3287: 3275: 3263:. Retrieved 3254: 3250: 3238: 3226:. Retrieved 3220: 3208: 3196:. Retrieved 3190: 3181: 3169:. Retrieved 3163: 3154: 3142:. Retrieved 3136: 3124: 3112:. Retrieved 3106: 3094: 3082:. Retrieved 3076: 3064: 3052:. Retrieved 3046: 3037: 3025:. Retrieved 3019: 3007: 2995:. Retrieved 2989: 2977: 2965:. Retrieved 2959: 2950: 2938:. Retrieved 2932: 2904:. Retrieved 2898: 2889: 2876: 2871: 2859:. Retrieved 2853: 2841: 2829:. Retrieved 2823: 2811: 2799:. Retrieved 2793: 2781: 2769:. Retrieved 2763: 2751: 2739:. 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Under the 134: 132: 100: 41: 3731:(3rd ed.). 3556:(6th ed.). 3455:Times Books 3261:: 285. 1968 2456:Walsh, Bill 2363:(3rd ed.). 1765:Consistency 1532:St.-Étienne 1521:St-Étienne 1118:Zola Émile 1109:Zola, Émile 1096:Zola, Émile 1091:Zola, Émile 1084:Émile Zola 1060:Wałęsa Lech 1050:Wałęsa Lech 1026:Lech Wałęsa 1021:Lech Wałęsa 1016:Lech Wałęsa 952:Kádár János 942:Kádár János 918:János Kádár 913:János Kádár 908:János Kádár 745:Borg, Björn 732:Borg, Björn 727:Borg, Björn 720:Björn Borg 652:Andrić Ivo 633:Andrić, Ivo 624:Ivo Andrić 207:opened for 205:Queensrÿche 197:Häagen-Dazs 50:guidelines. 42:This is an 3678:(16th ed.) 3645:(16th ed.) 3612:(16th ed.) 3579:(16th ed.) 3503:(10th ed.) 3138:World Bank 2513:(16th ed.) 2256:References 2074:World Bank 1883:Jiří Novák 1781:Bill Walsh 1537:St-Étienne 1158:Macmillan 1144:Britannica 1114:Zola Émile 1104:Zola Émile 1080:Émile Zola 1075:Émile Zola 1070:Émile Zola 750:Borg Björn 740:Borg Björn 716:Björn Borg 711:Björn Borg 706:Björn Borg 648:Andrić Ivo 641:Andrić Ivo 620:Ivo Andrić 615:Ivo Andrić 610:Ivo Andrić 573:Macmillan 559:Britannica 461:Düsseldorf 447:Gothenburg 396:danah boyd 230:quotations 152:Britannica 3798:. p. 214. 3709:Zondervan 3513:15 August 3474:The Times 2523:15 August 2419:. p. 230. 2279:Microsoft 2193:APA style 2162:The Times 1702:Västerås 1699:Västerås 1671:Västerås 1668:Västerås 1294:Chişinău 1291:Chişinău 1260:Chişinău 469:São Paulo 443:Nuremberg 226:citations 209:Motörhead 78:WP:DGUIDE 3809:Category 3790:(2001). 3735:. p. 90. 3725:(2004). 3688:3 August 3655:3 August 3622:3 August 3589:3 August 3536:) – via 3054:7 August 2458:(2000). 2441:. p. 65. 2433:(1997). 2411:(2006). 1777:Jonssons 1773:Jónssons 1769:Jönssons 1743:'s book 1718:Accuracy 1695:Västerås 1690:Västerås 1685:Västerås 1680:Västerås 1675:Västerås 1664:Västerås 1659:Västerås 1654:Västerås 1597:Shkodër 1594:Shkodër 1572:Shkodër 1569:Shkodër 1345:Goiânia 1342:Goiânia 1317:Goiânia 1314:Goiânia 1282:Chişinău 1277:Chişinǎu 1272:Chişinău 1267:Chisinau 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