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think the US was just a second largest carbon atom. Or maybe, "The US is the second biggest carbon emitter in-the-world after China," dissuading the reader from assuming that in a world removed China, the US comes second as a carbon emitter. No. Clearly you are reading much between the lines. Disambiguating sentences is built on the premise of how commonly it is interpreted. "broke a third-storey window", "as roly-poly as Trump", "my beautiful-looking face"...(can you imagine what it'd be like if the hyphen were to be removed). Arriving at those specific sentences, consider "Tom Hanks' role is top notch" but "Tom Hanks is a top-notch actor". "All my movies are highest grossing" while "Top Gun was the highest-grossing movie of that year". I think you got where we are heading.
309:, which warrants a hyphen because "hyphens can help with ease of reading". And just like how with "third-highest gross" you would hyphenate the compound modifier "third-highest", when you put "third", "highest", and "grossing" together, you hyphenate the entire phrase as a three-part compound modifier. As WP:HYPHEN says, "a hyphen can help to disambiguate" - if you didn't hyphenate "third-highest-grossing" and instead wrote it as "third highest-grossing", someone could easily read that and think "Tom Hanks is the third person to ascend to highest-grossing actor status".
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I get your point, that you could probably add hyphen in a lot of places and justify its use. But all of the examples I have used are compound modifiers, and a hyphen only improves readability when used with them, particularly when combining "third" with "highest-grossing". The ubiquity of the hyphen
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too are no hard and fast. I'm sure in the former example, you read it as "second-biggest", even though I've never seen it in formal writing in my life. Of course you could write the sentence as, "The US is the second biggest carbon-emitter in the world after China," while hoping the reader wouldn't
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First of all, if you're going to revert my changes, I would at least make sure the version of article keep reverting to is consistent. As it stands, the lead says "third highest-grossing" and the Toy Story 3 blurb says "highest grossing". I don't see any rhyme or reason to the hyphenation.
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When I say, "The US is the second biggest carbon emitter in the world after China," I obviously mean, well you know what I mean now that it's all over the news. There are no clear rules for hyphenating, those laid out in
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