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first internal symbiosis occurred only once D: eukaryotes with mitochondria, such as animals, fungi E: a cyanobacteria (prokaryote) 3. The second internal symbiosis occurred independently F: Primitive chromoplast organisms with bilayer membrane chloroplasts, including green algae (and their progeny plants), red algae, cyanobacteria 4. Double internal symbiosis, multiple occurrences independently G: Algae with three or four heavy membranes in chloroplasts, including diatoms, eye worms, some dinoflagellates, etc. H: Lost chloroplast dinoflagellates or ciliates 5. Triple internal symbiosis, multiple times in independence I: a few dinoflagellates and ciliates (such as red mites)
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A: Prokaryotic ancestor of hypothetical eukaryotes, close to archaea, no cell nucleus 1. Cell membrane invagination gradually forms nuclear membrane B: Acellular organelle, primitive eukaryote with a double-layered nuclear membrane C: α-proteobacteria close to rickettsia 2. The
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Black: bimolecular phospholipid film Pink: eukaryotic DNA Red: α-proteobacteria and mitochondrial DNA Green: cyanobacteria and chloroplast DNA
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