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Infected plants do not demonstrate symptoms until heading. Kernels of infected plants are replaced by masses of dark brown smut spores. Smutted heads are hard and compact. Infected plants may be stunted. Occasionally smut sori may also develop in leaf blades, where they appear as long streaks.
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are not readily blown or washed away by wind or rain. Spores are sticky in nature when present inside the membrane due to oily coating. At harvest, spore masses are broken up, scattering spores on grain. Frequently, masses of spores remain intact and appear in harvested grain. The fungus
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are known; virulence is governed by at least three single recessive and independent gene pairs.
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while the grain is being formed. Infected seeds give rise to systemically infected plants. The
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Result of covered smut on oat (1) and barley (2), illustration published in M. Cilenšek:
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188:. The disease is found worldwide and it is more extensively distributed than either
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advances through the host tissue and becomes established behind the growing point.
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Resistant cultivars and seed treatments are used to manage this disease.
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Infection is seed-borne within the seed, the fungus penetrating the
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305:. Canadian Phytopathological Society. pp. 160 pp.
290:. American Phytopathological Society. pp. 120 pp.
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301:Martens, J.W.; W.L. Seaman; T.G. Atkinson (1984).
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515:dea16132-20b2-440f-8cf2-0268e1f27875
566:Fungal plant pathogens and diseases
184:of barley is caused by the fungus
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303:Diseases of field crops in Canada
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269:, triadimenol, triticonazole.
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288:Compendium of barley diseases
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59:Scientific classification
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51:Naše škodljive rastline
319:Extension publications
286:Mathre, D.E. (1997).
233:on seed or in soil.
571:Ustilaginomycotina
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523:Open Tree of Life
351:Taxon identifiers
261:Seed treatments:
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106:Ustilaginomycetes
27:Species of fungus
16:(Redirected from
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174:(Pers.) Lagerh.
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182:Covered smut
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474:NatureServe
435:iNaturalist
231:teliospores
555:Categories
340:US: Oregon
273:References
257:Fungicides
249:Management
243:pathotypes
237:Pathotypes
190:loose smut
92:Division:
479:2.1157128
374:Q10711324
330:Australia
215:endosperm
144:Species:
82:Kingdom:
76:Eukaryota
461:MycoBank
453:11413521
388:60032169
383:AusFungi
368:Wikidata
263:carboxin
219:mycelium
200:Symptoms
137:Ustilago
122:Family:
72:Domain:
427:2557530
132:Genus:
112:Order:
102:Class:
53:(1892)
528:785363
512:NZOR:
505:120017
466:244519
440:360223
414:188959
226:spores
535:PPE:
448:IRMNG
401:7F4DZ
86:Fungi
500:NCBI
422:GBIF
325:EPPO
224:The
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409:EoL
396:CoL
192:or
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